142-703: The Indiana Toll Road , officially the Indiana East–West Toll Road , is a controlled-access toll road that runs for 156.28 miles (251.51 km) east–west across northern Indiana from the Illinois state line to the Ohio state line. It has been advertised as the "Main Street of the Midwest ". The entire toll road is designated as part of Interstate 90 ( I-90 ), and the segment from Lake Station east to
284-663: A dual highway ) in 1932 between Cologne and Bonn . It then rapidly constructed the first nationwide system of such roads. The first North American freeways (known as parkways) opened in the New York City area in the 1920s. Britain, heavily influenced by the railways, did not build its first motorway , the Preston By-pass ( M6 ), until 1958. Most technologically advanced nations feature an extensive network of freeways or motorways to provide high-capacity urban travel, or high-speed rural travel, or both. Many have
426-466: A median separates the opposite directions of traffic. This strip may be as simple as a grassy area, or may include a crash barrier such as a " Jersey barrier " or an "Ontario Tall Wall" to prevent head-on collisions . On some freeways, the two carriageways are built on different alignments; this may be done to make use of available corridors in a mountainous area or to provide narrower corridors through dense urban areas . Control of access relates to
568-444: A Republican—if he had any" but Daniels had "nothing to do" with selling drugs. Another roommate said that police obtained a warrant to search the room based on the activity of the first roommate arrested. "Unbeknownst to [Daniels and the other current roommates] ... [he] was coming back there and using the room when we're not there and was involved with drugs much worse than pot...We considered ourselves innocent victims." Daniels refutes
710-487: A chief political advisor and as a liaison to President Ronald Reagan in 1985. He then moved back to Indiana to become president of the Hudson Institute , a conservative think tank. He later joined Eli Lilly and Company where he served as president of North American Pharmaceutical Operations from 1993 to 1997 and as senior vice president of corporate strategy and policy from 1997 to 2001. In January 2001, Daniels
852-561: A class of highways with somewhat less isolation from other traffic. In countries following the Vienna convention , the motorway qualification implies that walking and parking are forbidden. A fully controlled-access highway provides an unhindered flow of traffic, with no traffic signals , intersections or property access . They are free of any at-grade crossings with other roads, railways, or pedestrian paths, which are instead carried by overpasses and underpasses . Entrances and exits to
994-707: A cloverleaf and trumpet interchange when it opened in 1937, and until the Second World War , boasted the longest illuminated stretch of roadway built. A decade later, the first section of Highway 401 was opened, based on earlier designs. It has since gone on to become the busiest highway in the world. The word freeway was first used in February 1930 by Edward M. Bassett . Bassett argued that roads should be classified into three basic types: highways, parkways , and freeways. In Bassett's zoning and property law -based system, abutting property owners have
1136-513: A common nuisance" for allowing the room to be used for the sale and use of drugs. In a plea agreement, the prosecutor dropped the charges in exchange for Daniels agreeing to pay a fine of $ 350 for using marijuana. Thirty-four years after the arrest, the first roommate detained (the individual arrested months before Daniels), told the Indianapolis Star that he was a partisan Democrat who "would gladly offer unflattering information about
1278-431: A complicated economy, was needed to end constant confusion and bring Indiana into a year-long alignment with the rest of the country. Prior to the change, the counties in the western side of the state did not observe daylight saving time, although the counties in southeastern Indiana near Cincinnati , Ohio, did observe it unofficially due to being in that city's metropolitan area. Interests for both time zones had prevented
1420-620: A freeway, specialized pedestrian footbridges or tunnels may also be provided. These structures enable pedestrians and cyclists to cross the freeway at that point without a detour to the nearest road crossing. Access to freeways is typically provided only at grade-separated interchanges , though lower-standard right-in/right-out (left-in/left-out in countries that drive on the left) access can be used for direct connections to side roads. In many cases, sophisticated interchanges allow for smooth, uninterrupted transitions between intersecting freeways and busy arterial roads . However, sometimes it
1562-508: A job at the Indianapolis headquarters of the pharmaceutical company Pitman-Moore. The 10-year-old Daniels was accustomed to the mountains, and he at first disliked the flatland of central Indiana. He was still in grade school at the time of the move and first attended Delaware Trail Elementary, Westlane Junior High School, and North Central High School . In high school he was student body president . After graduation in 1967, Daniels
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#17327800669161704-434: A larger number of guide signs than other roads, and the signs themselves are physically larger. Guide signs are often mounted on overpasses or overhead gantries so that drivers can see where each lane goes. Exit numbers are commonly derived from the exit's distance in miles or kilometers from the start of the freeway. In some areas, there are public rest areas or service areas on freeways, as well as emergency phones on
1846-499: A legal status which limits the types of vehicles that can use a highway, as well as a road design that limits the points at which they can access it. Major arterial roads will often have partial access control , meaning that side roads will intersect the main road at grade, instead of using interchanges, but driveways may not connect directly to the main road, and drivers must use intersecting roads to access adjacent land. At arterial junctions with relatively quiet side roads, traffic
1988-469: A libel suit for $ 20 million. A judge dismissed the case. Eli Lilly experienced dramatic growth during Daniels's tenure at the company. Prozac sales made up 30–40% of Lilly's income during the mid-to-late 1990s, and Lilly doubled its assets to $ 12.8 billion and doubled its revenue to $ 10 billion during the same period. When Daniels later became governor of Indiana, he drew heavily on his former Lilly colleagues to serve as advisers and agency managers. During
2130-527: A milepost system but does not use milepost markers. In Europe and some other countries, motorways typically have similar characteristics such as: Two-lane freeways , often undivided, are sometimes built when traffic volumes are low or right-of-way is limited; they may be designed for easy conversion to one side of a four-lane freeway. (For example, most of the Bert T. Combs Mountain Parkway in eastern Kentucky
2272-447: A motorway is understood as a public road with dual carriageways and at least two lanes each way. All entrances and exits are signposted and all interchanges are grade separated. Central barrier or median present throughout the road. No crossing is permitted, while stopping is permitted only in an emergency. Restricted access to motor vehicles, prohibited to pedestrians, animals, pedal cycles, mopeds, agricultural vehicles. The minimum speed
2414-777: A national-level or even international-level (e.g. European E route ) system of route numbering . There are several international standards that give some definitions of words such as motorways, but there is no formal definition of the English language words such as freeway , motorway , and expressway , or of the equivalent words in other languages such as autoroute , Autobahn , autostrada , autocesta, autoput , that are accepted worldwide—in most cases these words are defined by local statute or design standards or regional international treaties. Descriptions that are widely used include: One green or blue symbol (like [REDACTED] ) appears at motorway entry in countries that follow
2556-600: A number of patterns. The actual pattern is determined by a number of factors including local topology, traffic density, land cost, building costs, type of road, etc. In some jurisdictions feeder/distributor lanes are common, especially for cloverleaf interchanges ; in others, such as the United Kingdom, where the roundabout interchange is common, feeder/distributor lanes are seldom seen. Motorways in Europe typically differ between exits and junctions. An exit leads out of
2698-417: A one time payment of $ 3.85 billion and the commitment to make $ 4.4 billion worth of upgrades to the road. Most Democrats opposed the measure by starting an advertising campaign accusing Daniels of selling the road to foreign nations. Other critics characterized the deal for fundamentally changing the relationship between infrastructure and taxpayers" saying "the road intended to serve the people of Indiana now
2840-624: A park and where intersecting streets crossed over bridges. The Southern State Parkway opened in 1927, while the Long Island Motor Parkway was closed in 1937 and replaced by the Northern State Parkway (opened 1931) and the contiguous Grand Central Parkway (opened 1936). In Germany, construction of the Bonn-Cologne Autobahn began in 1929 and was opened in 1932 by Konrad Adenauer , then
2982-484: A part of a several months long drug investigation that began on Saturday, March 7, 1970, when one of Daniels's roommates was arrested for possessing "large quantities" of marijuana and other drugs. Two months later police raided the same residence hall, finding enough marijuana to fill two size 12 shoeboxes and arresting five additional individuals, including Daniels. Daniels and a roommate were charged with possession of marijuana, LSD and other drugs, along with "maintaining
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#17327800669163124-457: A private venture, was the world's first limited-access roadway. It included many modern features, including banked turns , guard rails and reinforced concrete tarmac . Traffic could turn left between the parkway and connectors, crossing oncoming traffic, so it was not a controlled-access highway (or "freeway" as later defined by the federal government's Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices ). Modern controlled-access highways originated in
3266-609: A reduction in deaths in a range from 20% to 50% on those sections. Speed, in Europe, is considered to be one of the main contributory factors to collisions. Some countries, such as France and Switzerland, have achieved a death reduction by a better monitoring of speed. Tools used for monitoring speed might be an increase in traffic density; improved speed enforcement and stricter regulation leading to driver license withdrawal; safety cameras; penalty point; and higher fines. Some other countries use automatic time-over-distance cameras (also known as section controls ) to manage speed. Fatigue
3408-660: A result, a stretch of I-94 is actually farther south than I-90, and I-90 runs the entire length of the Toll Road. I-294 was also cut back to the Tri-State Tollway at that time and thus no longer enters Indiana. Several interchanges on the Toll Road were constructed between 1980 and 1985 as part of a bond sale in October 1980. The Indiana Toll Road Commission operated the toll road from its inception until 1981. The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) operated
3550-560: A savings of $ 190 million, resulting in a budget of $ 23 billion. Annual spending growth for future budgets was cut to 2.8% from the 5.9% that had been standard for many years. Increase in revenues, coupled with the spending reductions, led to a $ 300 million budget surplus. Indiana is not permitted to take loans, as borrowing was prohibited in its constitution following the 1837 state bankruptcy . The state, therefore, had financed its deficit spending by reallocating $ 760 million in revenue that belonged to local government and school districts over
3692-533: A search committee, composed mostly of Purdue faculty and administrators recommended Daniels to become the university's 12th president after his term as governor ended on January 14, 2013. Ultimately, the hiring decision was made by the Trustees of the Board of Purdue University , all of whom Daniels appointed or re-appointed while Governor. He retired as Purdue president on January 1, 2023. Mitchell Elias Daniels Jr.
3834-445: A second term, defeating Jill Long Thompson . During his tenure, Daniels cut the state government workforce by 18%, cut and capped state property taxes, balanced the state budget through austerity measures and increasing spending by less than the inflation rate . In his second term, Daniels saw protest by labor unions and Democrats in the state legislature over Indiana's school voucher program, privatization of public highways, and
3976-541: A separate roadway or altogether eliminates it. In some parts of the world, notably parts of the US , frontage roads form an integral part of the freeway system. These parallel surface roads provide a transition between high-speed "through" traffic and local traffic. Frequent slip-ramps provide access between the freeway and the frontage road, which in turn provides direct access to local roads and businesses. Except on some two-lane freeways (and very rarely on wider freeways),
4118-510: A similar system of express and local lanes for a maximum width of 21 lanes on a 2-mile (3.2 km) segment between Interstate 805 and California State Route 56 . In Mississauga , Ontario, Highway 401 uses collector-express lanes for a total of 18 lanes through its intersection with Highway 403 / Highway 410 and Highway 427 . These wide freeways may use separate collector and express lanes to separate through traffic from local traffic, or special high-occupancy vehicle lanes , either as
4260-411: A special restriction on the innermost lane or a separate roadway, to encourage carpooling . These HOV lanes , or roadways open to all traffic, can be reversible lanes , providing more capacity in the direction of heavy traffic, and reversing direction before traffic switches. Sometimes a collector/distributor road , a shorter version of a local lane, shifts weaving between closely spaced interchanges to
4402-404: A state take-over of a project initially started by the city of Indianapolis and led to a bitter feud between Daniels and the city leadership over who should have ownership of the project. The state ultimately won and took ownership of the facilities from the city. In 2006, Daniels continued his effort to reduce state operating costs by signing into law a bill privatizing the enrollment service for
Indiana Toll Road - Misplaced Pages Continue
4544-749: A stock sale leading to speculations of insider trading; and, because of his role at Eli Lilly, the high cost of prescription drugs. The 2004 election was the costliest in Indiana history, up until that time, with the candidates spending a combined US$ 23 million. Daniels won the election, garnering about 53% of the vote compared to Kernan's 45%. Kernan was the first incumbent governor to lose an election in Indiana since 1892. On his first day in office, Daniels created Indiana's first Office of Management and Budget to look for inefficiencies and cost savings throughout state government. The same day, he decertified all government employee unions by executive order , removing
4686-402: A subsidy from the state. The plan promotes health screenings, early prevention services, and smoking cessation . It also provides tax credits for small businesses that create qualified wellness and Section 125 plans. The plan was paid for by an increase in the state's tax on cigarettes and the reallocation of federal Medicaid funds through a special waiver granted by the federal government. In
4828-737: A tender process to replace the operator and ultimately approved the purchase of the road by IFM Partners, an Australia-based firm. Between the Westpoint barrier toll, near the Illinois state line, and the Portage barrier at milepost 24, tolls are collected in fixed-amounts at exit and entrance ramps. Between the Portage barrier, east to the Eastpoint barrier toll, near the Ohio state line, it
4970-518: A win. In his many public stops, he frequently used the phrase "every garden needs weeding every sixteen years or so"; it had been 16 years since Indiana had had a Republican governor. His opponent in the general election was the incumbent , Joe Kernan , who had succeeded to the office upon the death of Frank O'Bannon . Campaign ads by Kernan and the Democratic Party attempted to tie Daniels to number of issues—his jail time for marijuana use;
5112-615: Is about 10 miles (16 km). At one point in Northern Indiana , in Greenfield Township, LaGrange County , at mile 132, the toll road comes within about 200 yards (180 m), or 0.1 miles (0.16 km), from the Michigan border. Control cities on guide signs are Chicago and Ohio . Originally, they were "Chicago and West" and "Ohio and East". The Toll Road was publicly financed and constructed during
5254-613: Is applied everywhere else in life," he said. Despite such efforts, during Daniels's 29-month tenure in the position, the projected federal budget surplus of $ 236 billion ballooned to a $ 400 billion deficit , due to the recession of 2001, tax cuts, the War in Afghanistan (2001–present) , and Iraq War . Nobel economics Laureate Paul Krugman noted Daniels is "held up as an icon of fiscal responsibility" without having earned it. Commenting on Daniels leadership he wrote "what I can't forget
5396-480: Is considered as a risk factor more specific to monotonous roads such as motorways, although such data are not monitored/recorded in many countries. According to Vinci Autoroutes , one third of accidents in French motorways are due to sleepy driving. Mitch Daniels Mitchell Elias Daniels Jr. (born April 7, 1949) is an American academic administrator , businessman, author, and retired politician who served as
5538-735: Is controlled mainly by two-way stop signs which do not impose significant interruptions on traffic using the main highway. Roundabouts are often used at busier intersections in Europe because they help minimize interruptions in flow, while traffic signals that create greater interference with traffic are still preferred in North America. There may be occasional interchanges with other major arterial roads. Examples include US 23 between SR 15 's eastern terminus and Delaware, Ohio , along with SR 15 between its eastern terminus and I-75 , US 30 , SR 29 / US 33 , and US 35 in western and central Ohio. This type of road
5680-590: Is his key role in the squandering of the fiscal surplus Bush inherited. It wasn't just that he supported the Bush tax cuts; the excuses he made for that irresponsibility were stunningly fraudulent. So I just can't take his current pose of deficit hawkishness seriously." Following the September 11, 2001 attacks , Congress passed legislation authorizing the creation of the Department of Homeland Security . Just before
5822-655: Is necessary to exit onto a surface road to transfer from one freeway to another. One example in the United States (notorious for the resulting congestion) is the connection from Interstate 70 to the Pennsylvania Turnpike ( Interstate 70 and Interstate 76 ) through the town of Breezewood, Pennsylvania . Speed limits are generally higher on freeways and are occasionally nonexistent (as on much of Germany's Autobahn network). Because higher speeds reduce decision time, freeways are usually equipped with
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5964-450: Is not lower than 50 km/h [31 mph] and the maximum speed is not higher than 130 km/h [81 mph] (except Germany where no speed limit is defined). Motorways are designed to carry heavy traffic at high speed with the lowest possible number of accidents. They are also designed to collect long-distance traffic from other roads, so that conflicts between long-distance traffic and local traffic are avoided. According to
6106-433: Is operated as a closed ticket system toll road, where one receives a ticket upon entering and pays a pre-calculated amount based on distance traveled when exiting. As of July 2020, standard passenger cars are charged a toll of $ 9.23 for E-ZPass users and $ 9.20 for cash users along the section from Portage to Eastpoint, with an extra $ 2.81 for E-ZPass users and $ 2.80 for cash users at the Westpoint barrier. Originally,
6248-431: Is provided with separate carriageways for the two directions of traffic). Principal arterials may cross through urban areas, serving suburban movements. The traffic is characterized by high speeds and full or partial access control (interchanges or junctions controlled by traffic lights). Other roads leading to a principal arterial are connected to it through side collector roads. In this view, CARE's definition stands that
6390-437: Is serving the profit needs of a multinational corporation". Daniels defended the lease, claiming that the road was not earning the state money because of the historical lack of political will to raise tolls. He told a congressional committee, "…instead of making money for the state, the road had operated at a loss for 5 of the previous 7 years…Political timidity had kept tolls locked at the same price since 1985…Even if we raised
6532-407: Is sometimes called an expressway . Freeways are usually limited to motor vehicles of a minimum power or weight; signs may prohibit cyclists , pedestrians and equestrians and impose a minimum speed. It is possible for non-motorized traffic to use facilities within the same right-of-way, such as sidewalks constructed along freeway-standard bridges and multi-use paths next to freeways such as
6674-480: Is specially sign-posted as a motorway and is reserved for specific categories of road motor vehicles." Urban motorways are also included in this definition. However, the respective national definitions and the type of roads covered may present slight differences in different EU countries. The first version of modern controlled-access highways evolved during the first half of the 20th century. The Long Island Motor Parkway on Long Island , New York , opened in 1908 as
6816-533: Is the Ohio Turnpike, but toll tickets issued at the barrier are marked "Entry 153"). The Toll Road opened in 1956 with sequential exit numbering , which was converted to the current mileage-based scheme in 1981. The original number sequence was amended slightly in 1964 with the opening of the then-Burns Harbor, now Lake Station, exit. The farthest it gets from the Michigan state line or Lake Michigan
6958-545: Is the result of several changes, including infrastructure safety and road user behavior (speed or seat belt use), while other matters such as vehicle safety and mobility patterns have an impact that has not been quantified. Motorways are the safest roads by design. While accounting for more than one quarter of all kilometres driven, they contributed only 8% of the total number of European road deaths in 2006. Germany's Federal Highway Research Institute provided International Road Traffic and Accident Database (IRTAD) statistics for
7100-408: Is two lanes, but work has begun to make all of it four-lane.) These are often called Super two roads. Several such roads are infamous for a high rate of lethal crashes; an outcome because they were designed for short sight distances (sufficient for freeways without oncoming traffic, but insufficient for the years in service as two-lane road with oncoming traffic). An example of such a "Highway to Hell"
7242-629: The Dartford Crossing (the furthest downstream public crossing of the River Thames ) or where it was not economic to build a motorway alongside the existing road such as the former Cumberland Gap . The A1 is a good example of piece-wise upgrading to motorway standard—as of January 2013, the 639-kilometre-long (397 mi) route had five stretches of motorway (designated as A1(M)), reducing to four stretches in March 2018 with completion of
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#17327800669167384-512: The Hudson Institute , a conservative think tank . In 1988, Dan Quayle was elected Vice President of the United States , and Indiana governor Robert D. Orr offered to appoint Daniels to Quayle's vacant Senate seat. Daniels declined the offer, saying it would force him to spend too much time away from his family. While serving as the executive director of the Senate Republican campaign committee, Daniels expressed concern about
7526-520: The Indiana House of Representatives , issued a written statement the day before funding was distributed to the counties mocking Major Moves. "Now that the deal is done, the governor and officials in his administration have traveled the state to claim that the sale has financed every major road project scheduled over the next decade", Bauer said. "The fact is that most of these projects already were on course to be completed, without any assistance from
7668-651: The Louisville metropolitan area , which is managed by the Louisville–Southern Indiana Bridge Authority and uses the E-ZPass system. Like all other toll highways built in the 1950s, the Toll Road has had service areas (called travel plazas) since its opening. Originally, there were eight pairs of travel plazas located approximately every 18 miles (29 km). Of these, five featured sit-down restaurants operated by Hosts International while
7810-479: The Ohio Turnpike . The toll road is signed with I-90 for its entire length, as well as I-80 east of Lake Station, after having run concurrently with I-94 . Exit points are based on the milepost system , with exits starting at 0 at the Illinois state line and increasing to exit 153 at the Eastpoint toll barrier near the Ohio state line (technically, not an exit, as the only road accessible from there
7952-867: The Suncoast Trail along the Suncoast Parkway in Florida . In some US jurisdictions, especially where freeways replace existing roads, non-motorized access on freeways is permitted. Different states of the United States have different laws. Cycling on freeways in Arizona may be prohibited only where there is an alternative route judged equal or better for cycling. Wyoming , the second least densely populated state, allows cycling on all freeways. Oregon allows bicycles except on specific urban freeways in Portland and Medford . In countries such as
8094-538: The United Kingdom new motorways require an Act of Parliament to ensure restricted right of way. Since upgrading an existing road (the "King's Highway") to a full motorway will result in extinguishing the right of access of certain groups such as pedestrians, cyclists and slow-moving traffic, many controlled access roads are not full motorways. In some cases motorways are linked by short stretches of road where alternative rights of way are not practicable such as
8236-424: The United Kingdom , do not distinguish between the two, but others make a distinction; for example, Germany uses the words Kreuz ("cross") or Dreieck ("triangle") for the former and Ausfahrt ("exit") for the latter. In all cases one road crosses the other via a bridge or a tunnel, as opposed to an at-grade crossing . The inter-connecting roads, or slip-roads , which link the two roads, can follow any one of
8378-569: The requirement that state employees pay union dues by rescinding a mandate created by Governor Evan Bayh in a 1989 executive order . Dues-paying union membership subsequently dropped 90% among all state employees. In his first State of the State address on January 18, 2005, Daniels put forward his agenda to improve the state's fiscal situation. Indiana has a biennial budget, and had a projected two-year deficit of $ 800 million. Daniels called for strict controls on all spending increases and reducing
8520-490: The shoulder at regular intervals. In the United States, mileposts usually start at the southern or westernmost point on the freeway (either its terminus or the state line). California , Ohio and Nevada use postmile systems in which the markers indicate mileage through the state's individual counties. However, Nevada and Ohio also use the standard milepost system concurrently with their respective postmile systems. California numbers its exits off its freeways according to
8662-485: The 1950s. It opened in stages, east to west, between August and November 1956. The formal dedication ceremony was held on September 17, 1956. The final course of the Toll Road was the northern of four planned alignments. In addition to the east–west toll road, a north–south toll road was planned, roughly along the path of today's I-65 , but the plan was dropped after the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956
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#17327800669168804-580: The 49th governor of Indiana from 2005 to 2013. A Republican , he later served as president of Purdue University from 2013 until the end of 2022. Daniels began his career as an assistant to senator Richard Lugar , working as his chief of staff in the Senate from 1977 to 1982. He was appointed executive director of the National Republican Senatorial Committee when Lugar was chairman from 1983 to 1984. He worked as
8946-501: The A1(M) through North Yorkshire . The most frequent way freeways are laid out is by building them from the ground up after obstructions such as forestry or buildings are cleared away. Sometimes they deplete farmland, but other methods have been developed for economic, social and even environmental reasons. Full freeways are sometimes made by converting at-grade expressways or by replacing at-grade intersections with overpasses; however, in
9088-568: The Hoosier Heartland Highway, I-69, and the Ohio River bridges. It also rehabilitated 1,400 bridges and 50% of the state's roads without using tax dollars or taking on new debt. As anticipated, drivers experienced dramatic hikes in tolls after the lease, which increased the cost to travel on the public road from $ 4.65 to $ 8.80 for passenger vehicles, and semitrailer trucks from $ 18 to $ 35.20. Despite doubling toll prices,
9230-887: The ITR, four eastbound and four westbound, situated across the divided highway from each other. They comprise the Howe Travel Plaza at mile marker 126, the Elkhart Travel Plaza at mile marker 90, the Rolling Prairie Travel Plaza at mile marker 56, and the Portage Travel Plaza at mile marker 22. They offer popular restaurant choices, convenience stores, snack kiosks, and gift shops. All travel plazas have modern restrooms, telephones, ATMs, vending, lottery machines, and electric vehicle charging stations . Part of
9372-558: The Major Moves payout for the section from the I-64 / I-164 interchange to Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division . Some elected officials and candidates for office in the toll road counties expressed concerns that projects in and around Indianapolis would receive too large a share of the lease proceeds to the detriment of northern Indiana. B. Patrick Bauer , a Democratic state representative from South Bend and minority leader in
9514-733: The Ohio state line (which comprises over 85 percent of the route) is a concurrency with I-80 . The toll road is owned by the Indiana Finance Authority and operated by the Indiana Toll Road Concession Company (ITRCC), which is owned by IFM Investors. The Indiana Toll Road is part of the Interstate Highway System which runs 156.28 miles (251.51 km) through Indiana connecting the Chicago Skyway to
9656-810: The Reagan administration's response to the Supreme Court's ruling in Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority , regarding the Fair Labor Standards Act, and advocated limiting the power of the federal government in defining overtime rules for state and local governments, summing up his position by asking "What business is it of the Federal Government to tell localities how to structure their personnel practices?". In 1987, Daniels returned to Indiana as president and CEO of
9798-567: The Toll Road (and other state-owned highways in Indiana), while its operations and maintenance have evolved over time, starting with INDOT until transitioning to the ITRCC in 2006. Upon taking office in 2005, Governor Mitch Daniels began looking for ways to fund a backlog of Indiana highway maintenance and construction. Working with Goldman Sachs , who was reported to have earned some $ 20 million (equivalent to $ 30 million in 2023) in fees,
9940-474: The Toll Road began electronic toll collection with the i-Zoom system. i-Zoom was fully compatible with the E-ZPass and I-Pass electronic toll collection systems. Indiana became the 12th state to use the E-ZPass system. The i-Zoom brand name was retired starting in September 2012 to take advantage of the already-existing E-ZPass brand and to avert confusion with the upcoming Ohio River Bridges Project in
10082-409: The US, any at-grade intersection that ends a freeway often remains an at-grade intersection. Often, when there is a two-lane undivided freeway or expressway, it is converted by constructing a parallel twin corridor, and leaving a median between the two travel directions. The median-side travel lane of the old two-way corridor becomes a passing lane. Other techniques involve building a new carriageway on
10224-484: The United States, allow for limited exceptions: some movable bridges , for instance the Interstate Bridge on Interstate 5 between Oregon and Washington , do require drivers to stop for ship traffic. The crossing of freeways by other routes is typically achieved with grade separation either in the form of underpasses or overpasses . In addition to sidewalks (pavements) attached to roads that cross
10366-712: The Vienna Convention. Exits are marked with another symbol: [REDACTED] . The definitions of "motorway" from the OECD and PIARC are almost identical. In the European Union , for statistical and safety purposes, some distinction might be made between motorway and expressway . For instance a principal arterial might be considered as: Roads serving long distance and mainly interurban movements. Includes motorways (urban or rural) and expressways (road which does not serve properties bordering on it and which
10508-457: The administration was budgeting for both. The failure to provide long term cost estimates led opponents to claim that Daniels and the administration had suggested the entire war would cost less than $ 60 billion. The CBO has estimated the total cost of the war in Iraq to U.S. taxpayers will be around $ 1.9 trillion if it was carried on until 2017. Three months later, on March 25, 2003, five days after
10650-568: The agreement to privatize operations of the Toll Road is to invest $ 600 million in the facility during the first nine years of the lease. This is above and beyond the $ 3.8 billion being invested by the State of Indiana in Major Moves projects. More than $ 300 million has already been invested in improving the Toll Road. Some examples include the third-lane expansion project at $ 250 million, electronic toll collection (i-Zoom) at $ 40 million, and toll plaza expansions (mileposts 1, 23, and 156) at $ 9 million total. Included in
10792-543: The annual growth rate of the budget. He also proposed a one-year 1% tax increase on all individuals and entities earning over $ 100,000. The taxing proposal was controversial and the Republican Speaker of the House, Brian Bosma , criticized Daniels and refused to allow the proposal to be debated. The General Assembly approved $ 250 million in spending cuts and Daniels renegotiated 30 different state contracts for
10934-410: The attempt to pass ' right to work ' legislation, leading to the 2011 Indiana legislative walkouts . During the legislature's last session under Daniels, he signed a ' right-to-work law ', with Indiana becoming the 23rd state in the nation to pass such legislation. It was widely speculated that Daniels would be a candidate in the 2012 presidential election , but he chose not to run. Shortly after,
11076-597: The bill's passing and some have raised concerns over potential conflicts of interest. Congress repealed the thimerosal provision following expressions of public displeasure. Conservative columnist Ross Douthat stated in a column about Daniels's time at OMB that Daniels "carried water, as director of the Office of Management and Budget, for some of the Bush administration's more egregious budgets." But Douthat, while calling Daniels "America's Best Governor", defended Daniels against accusations that Daniels inaccurately assessed
11218-793: The bridge. The Queen Elizabeth II Bridge / Dartford tunnel at London Orbital is an example of this. London Orbital or the M25 is a motorway surrounding London , but at the last River Thames crossing before its mouth, motorway rules do not apply. (At this crossing the London Orbital is labeled A282 instead.) A few of the more common types of junction are shown below: There are many differences between countries in their geography, economy, traffic growth, highway system size, degree of urbanization and motorization, etc.; all of which need to be taken into consideration when comparisons are made. According to some EU papers, safety progress on motorways
11360-577: The case to proceed. The plaintiffs appealed Scopelitis's ruling to the Indiana Supreme Court , which, on June 20, 2006, in a 4–0 decision, upheld Scopelitis's earlier decision, allowing the lease of the Indiana Toll Road to proceed as scheduled. The proceeds funded a portion of the extension of I-69 through Southwestern Indiana as well as a number of other highway projects throughout the state. The legislation also authorized
11502-492: The common European definition, a motorway is defined as "a road, specially designed and built for motor traffic, which does not serve properties bordering on it, and which: (a) is provided, except at special points or temporarily, with separate carriageways for the two directions of traffic, separated from each other, either by a dividing strip not intended for traffic, or exceptionally by other means; (b) does not cross at level with any road, railway or tramway track, or footpath; (c)
11644-512: The condition of the Toll Road to standards set forth by state and federal law. Controlled-access highway A controlled-access highway is a type of highway that has been designed for high-speed vehicular traffic, with all traffic flow—ingress and egress—regulated. Common English terms are freeway , motorway , and expressway . Other similar terms include throughway or thruway and parkway . Some of these may be limited-access highways , although this term can also refer to
11786-563: The costs of the Iraq war. In 2002, Daniels helped discredit a report by Assistant to the President on Economic Policy Lawrence B. Lindsey estimating the cost of the Iraq War at between $ 100-$ 200 billion. Daniels called this estimate "very, very high" and stated that the costs would be between $ 50-$ 60 billion. At the time Daniels would not provide specific costs for either a long or a short military campaign against Saddam Hussein, saying
11928-565: The course of many years. The funds were gradually and fully restored to the municipal governments using the surplus money, and the state reserve fund was grown to $ 1.3 billion. Two of Daniels's other tax proposals were approved: a tax on liquor and beverages to fund the construction of the Lucas Oil Stadium and a tax on rental cars to expand the Indiana Convention Center . The new source of funding resulted in
12070-505: The deal, including $ 150 million that went to Indiana's 92 counties for local roads, $ 240 million to seven counties for infrastructure and economic development projects, and $ 120 million for the Northwest Regional Development Authority for local economic development. Over the next ten years, Indiana would use the cash and interest from the deal to add or expand several major new roadways such as US 31,
12212-452: The director of O.M.B. is only concerned about numbers ... and he has no concern about what those numbers do or do not do for the country, for our military, for our security." Then HHS Secretary Tommy Thompson complained that Daniels's office would reject a proposal "nine times out of 10, just to show you who the boss is". The $ 2.13 trillion budget Daniels submitted to Congress in 2001 would have made deep cuts in many agencies to accommodate
12354-778: The director of the Office of Management and Budget . and was confirmed by the United States Senate by a vote of 100–0 on January 23, 2001. In this role he was also a member of the National Security Council and the Homeland Security Council . During his time as the director of the OMB, Daniels sought to restrict congressional spending, saying Congress's motto apparently is "Don't just stand there, spend something." During his tenure he
12496-517: The early 1920s in response to the rapidly increasing use of the automobile , the demand for faster movement between cities and as a consequence of improvements in paving processes, techniques and materials. These original high-speed roads were referred to as " dual highways " and have been modernized and are still in use today. Italy was the first country in the world to build controlled-access highways reserved for fast traffic and for motor vehicles only. The Autostrada dei Laghi ("Lakes Motorway"),
12638-479: The entire toll road was on a closed ticket system, with Westpoint at current exit 5, roughly under the East 141st Street overpass. A computer system switchover, scheduled for June 11, 1984, but not performed until July 14, 1986, replaced punch card tickets with magnetically encoded ones for the section from mile 24 eastward and instituted cash collection for the remainder of the highway. Effective June 25, 2007,
12780-485: The first built in the world, connecting Milan to Lake Como and Lake Maggiore , and now parts of the A8 and A9 motorways, was devised by Piero Puricelli and was inaugurated in 1924. This motorway, called autostrada , contained only one lane in each direction and no interchanges. The Bronx River Parkway was the first road in North America to utilize a median strip to separate the opposing lanes, to be constructed through
12922-412: The first half of the 20th century. Italy was the first country in the world to build controlled-access highways reserved for fast traffic and for motor vehicles only. Italy opened its first autostrada in 1924, A8 , connecting Milan to Varese . Germany began to build its first controlled-access autobahn without speed limits (30 kilometres [19 mi] on what is now A555 , then referred to as
13064-541: The foreign-owned operator of the toll road filed for bankruptcy in 2014, and its $ 3.85 billion purchase price resulted in $ 6 billion in debts owed by the company to its financiers. Indiana retained the $ 3.85 billion lump sum payment and the lease was transferred to another Australian investment company without altering the terms of the lease. An October 2014 ITR report to the Indiana Toll Road Oversight Board cited numerous deficiencies along
13206-485: The former Benjamin Harrison snack bar on the eastbound side at milepost 72.9. It presently serves as a state police station and has no public facilities. The restaurant interiors were remodeled into short-order cafeterias in the late 1970s when Gladieux Food Services took over operations and were remodeled again for fast food service 1984–1985. In June 2015, Ken Daley, the new CEO of the ITRCC, announced that all of
13348-527: The governor to establish a similar public–private partnership agreement for design, construction, and operation of the proposed Southern Indiana Toll Road , which would make up 117 miles (188 km) of the planned 142-mile (229 km) extension of I-69 from Indianapolis to Evansville . On November 9, 2006, Daniels announced the I-69 extension would not be tolled. In lieu of SITR, I-69 was built using $ 700 million (equivalent to $ 1.02 billion in 2023) of
13490-403: The grand prize winner of the Indiana Toll Road logo design contest". The new ITRCC logo roll out occurred in early 2007. The Cintra-Macquarie consortium filed for bankruptcy in September 2014, citing lower than projected traffic volumes and revenues. Then-Democratic US Senator Joe Donnelly urged Republican Governor Mike Pence to return the road to public control. However, Pence instead ordered
13632-504: The highway are provided at interchanges by slip roads (ramps), which allow for speed changes between the highway and arterials and collector roads . On the controlled-access highway, opposing directions of travel are generally separated by a median strip or central reservation containing a traffic barrier or grass. Elimination of conflicts with other directions of traffic dramatically improves safety, while increasing traffic capacity and speed. Controlled-access highways evolved during
13774-554: The highway including: deficient pavements and signage at travel plazas, activities at vehicle maintenance facilities that could allow petroleum products or other chemicals into open storm water drains, and closed sewage dump stations at risk of unmonitored dumping. In response, the new lease owners pledged to invest $ 260 million in capital improvements. In June 2015, Ken Daley, the new CEO of the Indiana Toll Road Concession Company, announced that all of
13916-835: The honesty of Illinois elections saying in 1984, "ballot integrity will be the single most decisive factor in the Illinois Senate race", a theme Daniels has returned to throughout his career. In 1990, Daniels left the Hudson Institute to accept a position at Eli Lilly and Company , the largest corporation headquartered in Indiana at that time. He was first promoted to President of North American Operations (1993–97) and then to Senior Vice President for Corporate Strategy and Policy (1997–2001). During his tenure Lilly pleaded guilty to two criminal misdemeanors, paid more than $ 2.7 billion in fines and damages, settled more than 32,000 personal injury claims—and copped to one of
14058-562: The idea that he was innocent saying he "had used marijuana" and "was fined for that, and that was appropriate". Daniels has disclosed the arrest on job applications and in government background checks and spoken about the incident in opinion columns. In a 1989 opinion piece in The Washington Post , Daniels called the incident the "unfortunate confluence of my wild oats period and America's libertine apogee" and said "On my college campus, just as on most college campuses, marijuana
14200-423: The largest state consumer protection cases involving a drug company in U.S. history. In 2009, Lilly also pleaded guilty for illegally marketing Zyprexa during Daniels' tenure and agreed to pay a $ 1.415 billion penalty that included a criminal fine of $ 515 million, the largest ever in a healthcare case and the largest criminal fine for an individual corporation ever imposed in a U.S. criminal prosecution of any kind at
14342-399: The legislation was signed by Bush, Republican lawmakers inserted language into the bill that authorized protection from liability corporations that manufactured thimerosal , a controversial vaccine preservative that has been the subject of multiple lawsuits. Eli Lilly was once the largest maker of thimerosal and is a major target of the lawsuits. Daniels was the budget director at the time of
14484-469: The mayor of Cologne . The German Autobahn became the first nationwide highway system. In Canada , the first precursor with semi-controlled access was The Middle Road between Hamilton and Toronto , which featured a median divider between opposing traffic flow, as well as the nation's first cloverleaf interchange . This highway developed into the Queen Elizabeth Way , which featured
14626-400: The motorway system, whilst a junction is a crossing between motorways or a split/merge of two motorways. The motorway rules end at exits, but not at junctions. However, on some bridges, motorways, without changing appearance, temporarily end between the two exits closest to the bridge (or tunnel), and continue as dual carriageways . This is in order to give slower vehicles a possibility to use
14768-552: The northwest and southwest corners that are in the Central Time Zone . In 2006 the legislature enacted Daniels' controversial plan to remake the state's highways system by leasing the Indiana Toll Road . Called the Major Moves, the road was leased to Statewide Mobility Partners, a joint venture company owned by Spanish firm Cintra and Australia's Macquarie Infrastructure Group for 75 years in exchange for
14910-602: The official adoption of daylight saving since the 1960s, leading to decades of debate . Daniels pressed for the entire state to switch to Central Time, but the General Assembly could not come to terms. Ultimately after a long debate, the General Assembly adopted Eastern Daylight Saving Time in April 2005. The measure passed by one vote and put most of the state on the Eastern Time Zone , except for counties in
15052-551: The original 1955 travel plazas would be demolished and replaced within the next five years. As of October 2015, the Booth Tarkington service area, the easternmost in Indiana, was permanently closed. In 2007, Daniels signed the Healthy Indiana Plan, which provided 132,000 uninsured Indiana workers with coverage. The program works by helping its beneficiaries purchase a private health insurance policy with
15194-529: The original travel plazas built in 1955 would be demolished and replaced within the next five years. As of October 2015, the Booth Tarkington service area, the easternmost in Indiana, was permanently closed. In July 2017, the Gene S. Porter (eastbound) and Ernie Pyle (westbound) service plazas opened in Howe. Both have Sunoco gas stations. As of July 2020, there are eight restored travel plaza rest stops on
15336-463: The other three had only snack bars. Each travel plaza was named after a prominent Indiana native or resident. Gasoline and other auto services were available at all travel plazas. Originally, various oil companies included Standard , Sinclair , Pure , Gulf , Texaco , Citgo , ARCO , and Union 76 operating over the years at each of the travel plazas. Later, Standard Oil, later Amoco and now BP , assumed operations at all travel plazas. Later, BP at
15478-439: The other. Other methods involve constructing a service drive that shortens the long driveways (typically by less than 100 metres (330 ft)). An interchange or a junction is a highway layout that permits traffic from one controlled-access highway to access another and vice versa, whereas an access point is a highway layout where traffic from a distributor or local road can join a controlled-access highway. Some countries, such as
15620-516: The plans is adding a third lane in each direction in the most congested area of the Toll Road: from milepost 10–15.5. The third-lane expansion was completed in December 2011. The 10-year Bridge Capital Improvement plan is also underway, which will repair and rehabilitate nearly every structure on the ITR over the next 10 years. The lease agreement also requires ITRCC to maintain or improve
15762-481: The primary with 67% of the vote. While campaigning in the general election, Daniels visited all 92 counties at least three times. He traveled in a donated white RV nicknamed "RV-1" and covered with signatures of supporters and his campaign slogan, "My Man Mitch". "My Man Mitch" was a reference to a phrase once used by President George W. Bush to refer to Daniels. Bush campaigned with Daniels on two occasions, as Daniels hoped that Bush's popularity would help him secure
15904-477: The rate is higher than the risk on urban roads. Speeds are higher on rural roads and autobahns than urban roads, increasing the severity potential of a crash. According to ETSC, German motorways without a speed limit, but with a 130 km/h (81 mph) speed recommendation, are 25% more deadly than motorways with a speed limit. Germany also introduced some 130 km/h (81 mph) speed limits on various motorway sections that were not limited. This generated
16046-504: The rate of increase in the GDP. Opponents of the proposal filed a lawsuit in St. Joseph County in late April 2006. Following roughly two weeks of arguments, Judge Michael Scopelitis ruled in favor of the State of Indiana, declaring the lawsuit brought by opponents a public lawsuit and therefore requiring the plaintiffs to post a bond of $ 1.9 billion (equivalent to $ 2.76 billion in 2023) for
16188-643: The rights of light , air and access to highways, but not parkways and freeways; the latter two are distinguished in that the purpose of a parkway is recreation, while the purpose of a freeway is movement. Thus, as originally conceived, a freeway is simply a strip of public land devoted to movement to which abutting property owners do not have rights of light, air or access. Freeways, by definition, have no at-grade intersections with other roads, railroads or multi-use trails . Therefore, no traffic signals are needed and through traffic on freeways does not normally need to stop at traffic signals. Some countries, such as
16330-504: The road was worth $ 2 billion at most and were surprised by the offer of nearly $ 4 billion in cash, plus that much in contracted improvements. Daniels called it the best deal since "Manhattan was sold for beads—except this time, the natives won." Initially, Daniels's support for the controversial legislation led to a rapid drop in his approval rating; in May 2005, a poll showed an 18-point drop in support and that only 42% of Hoosiers approved of
16472-473: The sale of the Toll Road." On September 15, 2006, funds were distributed to the seven counties through which the Toll Road runs. The list below details each county's total share in the Major Moves money. Some of the funds from each county's distribution were directed to the cities and towns within that county. In December 2006, the ITRCC announced that a South Bend student, Andrea Hebster, would "receive $ 5,000 toward her educational expenses for being selected as
16614-618: The same period, Daniels also served on the board of directors of the Indianapolis Power & Light (IPL). He resigned from the IPL Board in 2001 to join the federal government, and sold his IPL stock along with all other holdings in order to comply with federal ethics requirements. Later that year the value declined when Virginia -based AES Corporation bought IPL. On December 22, 2000, President-elect George W. Bush announced that he would nominate Daniels to serve as
16756-432: The side of a divided highway that has a lot of private access on one side and sometimes has long driveways on the other side since an easement for widening comes into place, especially in rural areas. When a third carriageway is added, sometimes it can shift a directional carriageway by 20–60 metres (50–200 ft) (or maybe more depending on land availability) as a way to retain private access on one side that favors over
16898-415: The six-month supplemental appropriation as a request to fund the entire war. The costs of the Iraq war have exceeded $ 800 billion. Between September 2001 and October 2012, lawmakers appropriated about $ 1.4 trillion for operations in both the war in Iraq and Afghanistan. On May 7, 2003, Daniels announced that he would resign as OMB director within 30 days in a move that Bush administration officials said
17040-502: The start of the invasion, President Bush requested $ 53 billion through an emergency supplemental appropriation to cover operational expenses in Iraq until September 30 of that year. According to the Congressional Budget Office, Military operations in Iraq for 2003 cost $ 46 billion, less than the amount projected by Daniels and OMB. Douthat and other defenders of Daniels accuse Daniels's critics of mischaracterizing
17182-420: The state requested bids to lease the Toll Road in exchange for the right to maintain, operate, and collect tolls for the following 75 years. A consortium made up of the construction firm Cintra of Spain and Macquarie Atlas Roads of Australia, the same firms that had taken over the Chicago Skyway in 2004, submitted the winning bid of $ 3.8 billion (equivalent to $ 5.88 billion in 2023). Their bid
17324-410: The state's welfare programs. Indiana's welfare enrollment facilities were replaced with call centers operated by IBM . In mid-2009, after complaints of poor service, Daniels canceled the contract and returned the enrollment service to the public sector. One of the most controversial measures Daniels successfully pushed through was the state adoption of Daylight Saving Time , which Daniels argued, in
17466-511: The tax cuts being made, but few of the spending cuts were actually approved by Congress. Shortly after the invasion of Afghanistan , Daniels gave a speech to the National Press Club in which he challenged the view of those who wanted to continue typical spending while the nation was at war. "The idea of reallocating assets from less important to more important things, especially in a time of genuine emergency, makes common sense and
17608-452: The time. Daniels managed strategy to deflect attacks on Lilly's Prozac product by a public relations campaign against the drug being waged by the Church of Scientology . In one interview in 1992, Daniels said of the organization that "it is no church," and that people on Prozac were less likely to become victims of the organization. The Church of Scientology responded by suing Daniels in
17750-590: The toll road between 1981 and 2006. On April 1, 1983, the State of Indiana established the Indiana Toll Finance Authority, which was renamed the Indiana Transportation Finance Authority in April 1988. It was consolidated with several other state financial agencies and renamed the Indiana Finance Authority in May 2005. From its inception in 1983, the Indiana Finance Authority has maintained ownership of
17892-427: The tolls, there was little reason to believe that the governors who would come after me would have the inclination or the political ability to do the same. I once asked how much it cost to collect that 15-cent toll on the road and the answer came back at 34 cents. I joked that we would have been better off with the honor system and a fishbowl for occasional donations." Daniels and an independent accounting firm believed
18034-431: The travel plazas was replaced by Mobil , then Phillips 66 , and currently Sunoco . The westernmost snack bar at milepost 37.5 remained open until the mid-70s and is now used as a "Truck Only Parking" rest area with no facilities. The other two at mileposts 72.9 and 108 were closed in 1972, although the one at 108 was also converted into a truck parking area without facilities. All were demolished except for one,
18176-399: The way he was doing his job. In the following months, many of his reforms appeared to have a positive effect and his approval ratings rebounded. The income from the lease was used to finance a backlog of public transportation projects and create a $ 500 million trust fund to generate revenue for the maintenance of the highway system. Local governments also received a significant windfall from
18318-406: The year 2010, comparing overall fatality rates with motorway rates (regardless of traffic intensity): The German autobahn network illustrates the safety trade-offs of controlled access highways. The injury crash rate is very low on autobahns, while 22 people died per 1,000 injury crashes—although autobahns have a lower rate than the 29 deaths per 1,000 injury accidents on conventional rural roads,
18460-443: Was European route E4 from Gävle to Axmartavlan , Sweden. The high rate of crashes with severe personal injuries on that (and similar) roads did not cease until a median crash barrier was installed, transforming the fatal crashes into non-fatal crashes. Otherwise, freeways typically have at least two lanes in each direction; some busy ones can have as many as 16 or more lanes in total. In San Diego, California , Interstate 5 has
18602-475: Was $ 1 billion (equivalent to $ 1.55 billion in 2023) more than the next highest bid. The deal was completed on June 29, 2006, and the two companies formed the ITRCC to operate the road. Under the contract, tolls could not be increased until 2010, and Indiana residents using a transponder would not pay higher tolls until 2016. Annual toll increases were limited to the greater of 2%, the rate of inflation, or
18744-710: Was a member of the American Whig–Cliosophic Society , where he overlapped with future Supreme Court Justice Samuel Alito , who was a year below. He initially studied law at the Indiana McKinney School of Law in Indianapolis. After accepting a job with newly elected Senator Richard Lugar , he transferred to the Georgetown University Law Center , from which he earned a Juris Doctor . In 1970, while an undergraduate at Princeton, Daniels and three roommates were
18886-568: Was appointed by President George W. Bush as the director of the U.S. Office of Management and Budget , where he served until June 2003. Daniels ran in Indiana's 2004 gubernatorial election after leaving the Bush administration . He won the Republican primary with 67% of the vote and defeated Democratic incumbent Governor Joe Kernan in the general election. In 2008, Daniels was reelected to
19028-412: Was as easy to obtain as Budweiser beer and was viewed with equal complacency. For a time, I was a carefree consumer of both." Daniels claimed his "young Midwestern tail was jerked back into line" following the arrest. Daniels had his first experience in politics while still a teenager when, in 1968, he worked on the unsuccessful campaign of fellow Hoosier and Princeton alumnus William Ruckelshaus , who
19170-814: Was born on April 7, 1949, in Monongahela, Pennsylvania , the son of Dorothy Mae (née Wilkes) and Mitchell Elias Daniels. His father's parents were Syrian immigrants from Qalatiyah , Syria , of Antiochian Greek Orthodox descent. Daniels has been honored by the Arab-American Institute with the 2011 Najeeb Halaby Award for Public Service. His mother's ancestry was mostly English (where three of his great-grandparents were born). Daniels spent his early childhood years in Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Georgia. The Daniels family moved to Indiana from Pennsylvania in 1959 when his father accepted
19312-622: Was criticized by Republicans and Democrats alike. After his first year in office Senator Ted Stevens , then the ranking member of the United States Senate Committee on Appropriations , suggested 'the best thing Daniels could do to repair relations with Congress was to go back to Indiana'. Representative Bill Young , then chairman of the United States House Committee on Appropriations complained about Daniels' leadership saying ''I'm convinced
19454-579: Was elected chairman of the National Republican Senatorial Committee , Daniels was appointed its executive director. Serving in that position (1983–84), he played a major role in keeping the GOP in control of the Senate. Daniels was also manager of three successful re-election campaigns for Lugar. In August 1985, Daniels became chief political advisor and liaison to state and local governments for President Ronald Reagan . As part of this position, Daniels led
19596-564: Was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1976, Daniels followed him to Washington, D.C. , as his Chief of Staff . Daniels served as Chief of Staff during Lugar's first term (1977–1982). During Daniel's time working with Senator Lugar, he met Cheri Herman, who was working for the National Park Service. The two married in 1978 and had four daughters. They divorced in 1993 and Cheri married again; Cheri later divorced her second husband and remarried Daniels in 1997. In 1983, when Lugar
19738-505: Was named one of Indiana's Presidential Scholars —the state's top male high school graduate that year—by President Lyndon B. Johnson . In 1971, Daniels earned a Bachelor's degree from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University after completing a senior thesis titled "The Politics of Metropolitanization: City-County Consolidation in Indianapolis, Indiana". While at Princeton, he
19880-652: Was passed. Originally, the I-94 designation was applied to the highway west of where the current interchange with I-94 was eventually built, and I-90 followed I-80 to the west along the Borman Expressway as I-94 does now; the completed portion of the Borman Expressway was designated as I-80, I-90, and I-294 . The current routing became effective around 1965, to avoid the confusion that had resulted from I-80, I-90, and I-94 all changing roadways there. As
20022-573: Was running for the U.S. Senate against incumbent Democrat Birch Bayh . After the campaign, Daniels secured an internship in the office of then- Indianapolis mayor Richard Lugar , a Ruckelshaus ally. Daniels worked on Lugar's re-election campaign in 1971, and later, in 1974, he worked on Lugar's first campaign for Senate via L. Keith Bulen 's Campaign Communicators, Inc, a political consultancy where Daniels served as vice president. Daniels joined Lugar's mayoral staff in December 1974. Within three years, he became Lugar's principal assistant. After Lugar
20164-516: Was to prepare to run for governor of Indiana . Daniels's decision to run for Governor of Indiana led to most of the rest of Republican field of candidates dropping out of the race. The only challenger who did not do so was conservative activist and lobbyist Eric Miller. Miller worked for the Phoenix Group, a Christian rights defense group. Daniels's campaign platform centered on cutting the state budget and privatizing public agencies. He won
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