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80-498: Kaštel Sućurac ( pronounced [kǎʃtɛl sût͡ɕurat͡s] ) is a town within the administrative area of Kaštela in Dalmatia , Croatia . Kaštel Sućurac is first of its 7 kastels from East. Patron saint of the town is Saint George (Sv. Jure locally). A noted element of the ancient history of this region is Diocletian's Palace in nearby Split , which structure was constructed in the period 293 to 305 . In Kaštel Sućurac stands

160-530: A Roman province (with much larger territory than modern region), and as result a Romance culture emerged, along with the now-extinct Dalmatian language , later largely replaced with related Venetian and Italian , which were mainly spoken by the Dalmatian Italians . With the arrival of the Sclaveni (South Slavs) to the area in the late 6th and early 7th century, who eventually occupied most of

240-724: A lot of improvements in infrastructure; many roads were built or reconstructed. Napoleon himself blamed Marshal of the Empire Auguste de Marmont , the governor of Dalmatia, that too much money was spent. However, in 1813, the Habsburgs once again declared war on France and, by the following year, had restored control over Dalmatia. From the Middle Ages to the 19th century, Italian and Slavic communities in Dalmatia had lived peacefully side by side because they did not know

320-716: A monument to the victims. Ka%C5%A1tela The Town of Kaštela consists of following settlements (populations parenthesised): The Kaštela Riviera is a fertile area, about 20 kilometres (12 miles) in length, featuring the first Roman floating docks and 50 places on the long, verdant area, northwest of Split . It is divided into Gornja ( upper ) and Donja Kaštela ( lower ), and it consists of seven old and two relatively new settlements . The Kaštela region with its Mediterranean tone, picturesque landscape and unique composition of natural environment attracted people since prehistoric times. From ancient Greek sailors, Roman patricians , Croatian kings , rulers, Venetian royals to

400-548: A nationalist notion. During Dalmatia's incorporation in Austrian Empire , with the Autonomist Party in Dalmatia refusing and opposed plans to incorporate Dalmatia into Croatia; instead it supported an autonomous Dalmatia based on a multicultural association of Dalmatia's ethnic communities: Croats , Serbs , and Italians , united as Dalmatians. The Autonomist Party has been accused of secretly having been

480-467: A pro-Italian movement due to their defense of the rights of ethnic Italians in Dalmatia. Also support for the autonomy of Dalmatia, had deep historic roots in identifying Dalmatian culture as linking Western culture via Venetian Italian influence and Eastern culture via South Slavic influence, such a view was supported by Dalmatian autonomist Stipan Ivičević . The Autonomist Party did not claim to be an Italian movement, and indicated that it sympathized with

560-519: A sense of heterogeneity amongst Dalmatians in opposition to ethnic nationalism . In the 1861 elections, the Autonomists won twenty-seven seats in Dalmatia, while Dalmatia's Croatian nationalist movement, the People's Party , won only fourteen seats. The issue of autonomy of Dalmatia was debated after the creation of Yugoslavia in 1918, due to divisions within Dalmatia over proposals of merging

640-462: A sense of regional identity. This same regional identity and heritage is displayed in the Hinterland, where the architectural and cultural legacy remains evident in many villages and towns that have a distinct Mediterranean style. The cuisine Dalmatia was influenced by Italian cuisine , given the historical presence of local ethnic Italians ( Dalmatian Italians ), influence that has eased after

720-686: A wide-ranging project aimed at the Germanization or Slavization of the areas of the empire with an Italian presence: His Majesty expressed the precise order that action be taken decisively against the influence of the Italian elements still present in some regions of the Crown and, appropriately occupying the posts of public, judicial, masters employees as well as with the influence of the press, work in South Tyrol , Dalmatia and Littoral for

800-497: A yard of fortified palace – villa with the south wall opened by lavishly decorated windows in High Gothic style. Unlike other villages the square is here formed on the south side of the summer residence. Today, there is the exhibition room "Podvorje" where one part of archeological artifacts from Putalj is held. Only the bell tower remained of the parish church built in the 16th century after Allied bombing in 1943. Kaštel Sućurac

880-403: Is twinned with: [REDACTED] Media related to Kaštela at Wikimedia Commons 43°33′N 16°23′E  /  43.550°N 16.383°E  / 43.550; 16.383 Dalmatia Dalmatia ( / d æ l ˈ m eɪ ʃ ə , - t i ə / ; Croatian : Dalmacija [dǎlmatsija] ; Italian : Dalmazia [dalˈmattsja] ; see names in other languages )

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960-587: Is a historical region only, not formally instituted in Croatian law. Its exact extent is therefore uncertain and subject to public perception. According to Lena Mirošević and Josip Faričić of the University of Zadar : ...the modern perception of Dalmatia is mainly based on the territorial extent of the Austrian Kingdom of Dalmatia , with the exception of Rab, which is geographically related to

1040-647: Is derived from the name of an Illyrian tribe called the Dalmatae who lived in the area of the eastern Adriatic coast in the 1st millennium BC. It was part of the Illyrian Kingdom between the 4th century BC and the Illyrian Wars (220, 168 BC) when the Roman Republic established its protectorate south of the river Neretva . The name "Dalmatia" was in use probably from the second half of

1120-456: Is mostly covered by the rugged Dinaric Alps . Seventy-nine islands (and about 500 islets) run parallel to the coast, the largest (in Dalmatia) being Brač , Pag , and Hvar . The largest city is Split , followed by Zadar , Šibenik , and Dubrovnik . The name of the region stems from an Illyrian tribe called the Dalmatae , who lived in the area in classical antiquity . Later it became

1200-568: Is one of the four historical regions of Croatia , alongside Central Croatia , Slavonia , and Istria , located on the east shore of the Adriatic Sea in Croatia . Dalmatia is a narrow belt stretching from the island of Rab in the north to the Bay of Kotor in the south. The Dalmatian Hinterland ranges in width from fifty kilometres in the north, to just a few kilometres in the south; it

1280-770: The Barbarian Invasions , Slavic tribes settled. The Slavs alongside Avars by 619 brought to ruin the capital Salona (an event that allowed for the settlement of the nearby Diocletian's Palace in Spalatum ), Asseria, Varvaria, Burnum, Scardona, Epidaurum and Acruvium (resulting with the foundation of Kotor ), and Epidaurum (resulting with the foundation of Ragusa ). The arrived tribes of Croats , Serbs and other Slavs founded sclaviniae Croatia , Pagania , Zachlumia , Travunia and Konavle (also small region of Bosnia , with Duklja in near Praevalitana and Serbia in Dalmatia, Praevalitana and Moesia ). In

1360-617: The Bay of Kotor to become a safe place for doing business. In 1389, Tvrtko I , the founder of the Kingdom of Bosnia , was able to control the Adriatic littoral between Kotor and Šibenik , and even claimed control over the northern coast up to Rijeka , and his own independent ally, Republic of Ragusa . This was only temporary, as Hungary and the Venetians continued their struggle over Dalmatia after Tvrtko's death in 1391. By this time,

1440-839: The Bay of Kotor –includes the Orjen mountains with the highest peak in Montenegro , 1894 m. In present-day Dalmatia, the highest peak is Dinara (1913 m), which is not a coastal mountain, while the highest coastal Dinaric mountains are on Biokovo (Sv. Jure, 1762 m) and Velebit (Vaganski vrh, 1757 m), although the Vaganski vrh itself is located in Lika-Senj County . The largest Dalmatian islands are Brač , Korčula , Dugi Otok , Mljet , Vis , Hvar , Pag and Pašman . The major rivers are Zrmanja , Krka , Cetina , and Neretva . The Adriatic Sea's high water quality , along with

1520-637: The Black Sea , and the Republic of Ragusa was the fiercest competitor to Venice's merchants in the 15th and 16th centuries. Originally, Latin was used in official documents of the Republic. Italian came into use in the 1420s. Both languages were used in official correspondence by the Republic. The Republic was influenced by the Venetian language and the Tuscan dialect . In the early 16th century, most of

1600-577: The Great Turkish War and the Treaty of Passarowitz , more peaceful times made Dalmatia experience a period of certain economic and cultural growth in the 18th century, with the re-establishment of trade and exchange with the hinterland. This period was abruptly interrupted with the fall of the Republic of Venice in 1797. Napoleon 's troops stormed the region and ended the independence of the Republic of Ragusa as well, saving it from occupation by

1680-522: The Istrian–Dalmatian exodus . For example, the influence of Italian cuisine on Dalmatian dishes can be seen in the pršut (similar to Italian prosciutto ) and on the preparation of homemade pasta. Traditional dishes of Italian origin also include gnocchi ( njoki ), risotto ( rižot ), focaccia ( pogača ), polenta ( palenta ), and brudet . Dalmatian identity , or sometimes also Dalmatianism, Dalmatianness or Dalmatian nationalism', refers to

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1760-461: The Kingdom of Italy , which held several smaller parts. After World War II , the People's Republic of Croatia as a part of Yugoslavia took complete control over the area. Following the dissolution of Yugoslavia , Dalmatia became part of the Republic of Croatia. The regional name Dalmatia originates from Dalmatae , the name of the Illyrian , Balkan tribe who were the original inhabitants of

1840-521: The Kvarner area and functionally to the Littoral – Gorski Kotar area, and with the exception of the Bay of Kotor , which was annexed to another state ( Montenegro ) after World War I . Simultaneously, the southern part of Lika and upper Pounje, which were not part of Austrian Dalmatia, became part of Zadar County . From the present-day administrative and territorial point of view, Dalmatia comprises

1920-695: The Republic of Venice , which controlled most of Dalmatia between 1420 and 1797 as part of its State of the Sea , with the exception of the small but stable Republic of Ragusa (1358–1808) in the south. Between 1815 and 1918, it was a province of the Austrian Empire known as the Kingdom of Dalmatia . After the Austro-Hungarian defeat in World War I , Dalmatia was split between the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes , which controlled most of it, and

2000-516: The Roman province of Dalmatia was much larger than the present-day Split-Dalmatia County , stretching from Istria in the north to modern-day Albania in the south. Dalmatia signified not only a geographical unit, but was an entity based on common culture and settlement types, a common narrow eastern Adriatic coastal belt, Mediterranean climate , sclerophyllous vegetation of the Illyrian province and Adriatic carbonate platform Today, Dalmatia

2080-769: The Russian Empire and Montenegro . In 1805, Napoleon created his Kingdom of Italy around the Adriatic Sea, annexing to it the former Venetian Dalmatia from Istria to Kotor. In 1808, he annexed the just conquered Republic of Ragusa to the Kingdom. A year later, in 1809, he removed the Venetian Dalmatia from his Kingdom of Italy and created the Illyrian Provinces , which were annexed to France , and named Marshal General Jean-de-Dieu Soult

2160-487: The Venetian language , once dominant in the area, it is spelled Dalmàssia , and in modern Italian Dalmazia . The modern Croatian spelling is Dalmacija , and the modern Serbian Cyrillic spelling is Далмација ( pronounced [dǎlmaːt͡sija] ). Dalmatia is referenced in the New Testament at 2 Timothy 4:10 , therefore the name has been translated in many of the world's languages. In antiquity ,

2240-509: The Vlaji , their name originated from the Vlachs with whom they have no ethnic connection. The former two groups (inhabitants of the islands and the cities) historically included many Venetian and Italian speakers, who are identificated as Dalmatian Italians . Their presence, relative to those identifying as Croats , decreased dramatically over the course of the 19th and the first half of

2320-434: The ancient city of Diocletian's Palace ) flows through the town of Solin and provides water supply to both Split and Kaštela. Contemporary studies indicate favourable water quality levels of the river near the headwaters at Jadro Spring . Certain other studies of hydrology and sedimentation have been conducted in this area. The industrial zone is developed, and there is an aluminium extraction facility in

2400-415: The 20th century. The Italian speakers (Dalmatian Italians and italophone Croats) constituted 33% of the total Dalmatian population in 1803. They decreased to 29% in 1809, 20% in 1816, 12.5% in 1865, 3.1% in 1890 and 2.8% in 1910. There remains, however, a strong cultural, and, in part, ancestral heritage among the natives of the cities and islands, who today almost exclusively identify as Croats, but retain

2480-620: The 2nd century BC and certainly from the first half of the 1st century BC, defining a coastal area of the eastern Adriatic between the Krka and Neretva rivers. It was slowly incorporated into Roman possessions until the Roman province of Illyricum was formally established around 32–27 BC. In 9 AD, the Dalmatians raised the last in a series of revolts together with the Pannonians, but it

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2560-476: The Austrian capital of Dalmatia, Zara, the proportion of Italians continued to grow, making it the only Dalmatian city with an Italian majority. In 1861 was the meeting of the first Dalmatian Assembly, with representatives from Dubrovnik. Representatives of Kotor came to Dubrovnik to join the struggle for unification with Croatia. The citizens of Dubrovnik gave them a festive welcome, flying Croatian flags from

2640-590: The Council of Kingdom of Dalmatia was Baron Vlaho Getaldić . In the same year, the first issue of the Dubrovnik almanac appeared, Flower of the National Literature ( Dubrovnik, cvijet narodnog književstva ), in which Petar Preradović published his noted poem "Pjesma Dubrovniku" ( Poem to Dubrovnik ). This and other literary and journalistic texts, which continued to be published, contributed to

2720-599: The Dalmatia populace, only Italian language schools existed until 1848, and due to restrictive voting laws, the Italian-speaking aristocratic minority retained political control of Dalmatia. Only after Austria liberalized elections in 1870, allowing more majority Slavs to vote, did Croatian parties gain control. Croatian finally became an official language in Dalmatia in 1883, along with Italian. Yet minority Italian-speakers continued to wield strong influence, since Austria favored Italians for government work, thus in

2800-1075: The Dalmatian hinterland which was controlled by the Hungarian-Croatian Kingdom was lost to the Ottoman Empire by the 1520s when was formed Croatian vilayet which became incorporated into the Sanjak of Klis after the Siege of Klis (1537), and decades later into the Bosnia Eyalet . With the fall of the Hungarian-Venetian border in Dalmatia, Venetian Dalmatia now directly bordered with the Ottoman Dalmatia. Venetians still perceived this inner hinterland as once part of Croatia, calling it as "Banadego" (lands of Ban i.e. Banate ). The Republic of Venice

2880-610: The Duke of Dalmatia. Napoleon's rule in Dalmatia was marked with war and high taxation, which caused several rebellions. On the other hand, French rule greatly contributed to Croatian national revival (the first newspaper in Croatian was published then in Zadar, Il Regio Dalmata – Kraglski Dalmatin ), the legal system and infrastructure were finally modernized somewhat in Dalmatia, and the educational system flourished. French rule brought

2960-488: The Germanization and Slavization of these territories according to the circumstances, with energy and without any regard. His Majesty calls the central offices to the strong duty to proceed in this way to what has been established. Dalmatia, especially its maritime cities, once had a substantial local ethnic Italian population ( Dalmatian Italians ), making up 33% of the total population of Dalmatia in 1803, but this

3040-616: The Gheg form delmë hardly has anything in common with the name of Dalmatia because it represents a variant of dele with *-mā , which is ultimately from proto-Albanian *dailā . The ancient name Dalmana , derived from the same root, testifies to the advance of the Illyrians into the middle Vardar , between the ancient towns of Bylazora and Stobi . The medieval Slavic toponym Ovče Pole ("plain of sheep" in South Slavic ) in

3120-665: The Ottomans took control of the hinterland, many Christians took refuge in the coastal cities of Dalmatia. In the Ottoman Dalmatia many people converted to Islam to get freedom and privileges. The border between the Dalmatian hinterland and the Ottoman Bosnia and Herzegovina greatly fluctuated until the Morean War , when the Venetian capture of Knin and Sinj set much of the borderline at its current position. After

3200-546: The Romance-speaking Dalmatian city-states and remained influential as they were well fortified and maintained their connection with the Byzantine Empire. The original name of the cities was Jadera ( Zadar ; capital of the theme), Spalatum (Split), Crepsa ( Cres ), Arba ( Rab ), Tragurium ( Trogir ), Vecla ( Krk ), Ragusium ( Dubrovnik ) and Cattarum ( Kotor ). The language and

3280-473: The awakening of the national consciousness reflected in efforts to introduce the Croatian language into schools and offices, and to promote Croatian books. The Emperor Franz Joseph brought the March Constitution which prohibited the unification of Dalmatia and Croatia and also any further political activity with this end in view. The political struggle of Dubrovnik to be united with Croatia, which

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3360-465: The coast and hinterland, Slavic and Romance elements began to intermix in language and culture . After the medieval Kingdom of Croatia , in which most of Dalmatia resided, entered a personal union with Hungary in 1102, its cities and lands were often conquered by, or switched allegiance to, the kingdoms of the region during the Middle Ages . At one time, most of Dalmatia came under rule of

3440-472: The coast and near hinterland of Dalmatia by the year 1420, it was to remain under Venetian rule for 377 years (1420–1797). Dalmatia was first and finally sold to the Republic of Venice in 1409 but Venetian Dalmatia was not fully consolidated from 1420. The Republic of Venice in 1420 controlled coastal part of Dalmatia, with the southern enclave , the Bay of Kotor , being called Venetian Albania . Venetian

3520-410: The coast, which gave rise to the geographic term Dalmatian concordant coastline . On the coasts the climate is Mediterranean , while further inland it is moderate Mediterranean. In the mountains, winters are frosty and snowy, while summers are hot and dry. To the south winters are milder. Over the centuries many forests have been cut down and replaced with bush and brush. There is evergreen vegetation on

3600-596: The coast. The soils are generally poor, except on the plains where areas with natural grass, fertile soils, and warm summers provide an opportunity for tillage. Elsewhere, land cultivation is mostly unsuccessful because of the mountains, hot summers, and poor soils, although olives and grapes flourish. Energy resources are scarce. Electricity is mainly produced by hydropower stations. The largest Dalmatian mountains are Dinara , Mosor , Svilaja , Biokovo , Moseć , Veliki Kozjak , and Mali Kozjak . The regional geographical unit of Dalmatia–the coastal region between Istria and

3680-474: The conquest of Zadar in the mid-11th century. Chronicler Thomas the Archdeacon relates that Stephen Držislav took the title "King of Dalmatia and Croatia", and that all subsequent rulers styled themselves in such manner. Petar Krešimir IV of Croatia expanded his rule to permanently incorporate Dalmatian cities and islands by 1069. Upon the death of King Demetrius Zvonimir of Croatia by the end of 1080s,

3760-605: The control of the noble Šubić family which held them until they were defeated at the Battle of Bliska by a coalition of nobles, Dalmatian cities and royal troops loyal to Charles I of Hungary . In the south, due to its protected location, Kotor became a major city for the salt trade. The area was prosperous during the 14th century under the rule of Emperor of the Serbs Dušan the Mighty , who encouraged law enforcement, which helped

3840-441: The correct form of Dalmatia is Delmatia , and notes that Marcus Terentius Varro who lived about two centuries prior to Appian and Velius Longius, used the form Delmatia as it corresponded to the chief settlement of the tribe, Delminium . The toponym Duvno is a derivation from Delminium in Croatian via an intermediate form *Delminio in late antiquity. Its Latin form Dalmatia gave rise to its current English name. In

3920-743: The early 9th century, the Eastern Adriatic coast including Dalmatia was the scene of the sphere of influence struggle between the Frankish and Byzantine Empire, but although the Byzantines have retained supremacy, Dalmatia became a meeting place between the West and the East. The meaning of the administrative-geographical term "Dalmatia" by 820 shrank to the coastal cities and their immediate hinterland - Byzantine theme of Dalmatia . Its cities were

4000-483: The eastern Adriatic. This triggered the gradual rise of Italian irredentism among many Italians in Dalmatia , who demanded the unification of the Austrian Littoral , Fiume and Dalmatia with Italy. The Italians in Dalmatia supported the Italian Risorgimento: as a consequence, the Austrians saw the Italians as enemies and favored the Slav communities of Dalmatia. During the meeting of the Council of Ministers of 12 November 1866, Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria outlined

4080-425: The four Croatian littoral counties with seats in Zadar , Šibenik , Split , and Dubrovnik . "Dalmatia" is therefore generally perceived to extend approximately to the borders of the Austrian Kingdom of Dalmatia. However, due to territorial and administrative changes over the past century, the perception can be seen to have altered somewhat with regard to certain areas, and sources conflict as to their being part of

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4160-460: The historical nationalism or patriotism of Dalmatians and Dalmatian culture. There were significant Dalmatian nationalists in the 19th century, but Dalmatian regional nationalism faded in significance over time in favor of ethnic nationalism . 17th century Dalmatian poet Jerolim Kavanjin ( Girolamo Cavagnini ) exhibited Dalmatianism, identifying himself as "Dalmatian" and calling Dalmatia his homeland, which John Fine interprets not to have been

4240-484: The immense number of coves , islands , and channels , makes Dalmatia an attractive place for nautical races, nautical tourism , and tourism in general. Dalmatia also includes several national parks that are tourist attractions: Paklenica karst river, Kornati archipelago , Krka river rapids , and the northwest of the island of Mljet . The area of Dalmatia roughly corresponds to Croatia's four southernmost counties , listed here north to south: Dalmatia's name

4320-556: The laws were initially Latin , but after a few centuries they developed their own neo-Latin language (the " Dalmatico "), that lasted until the 19th century. The cities were maritime centres with a huge commerce mainly with the Italian peninsula and with the growing Republic of Venice. The Latin and Slavic communities were somewhat hostile at first, but as the Croats became Christianized this tension increasingly subsided. A degree of cultural mingling soon took place, in some enclaves stronger, in others weaker, as Slavic influence and culture

4400-460: The national identification, given that they generically defined themselves as " Dalmatians ", of "Romance" or "Slavic" culture. In 1848, the Croatian Parliament ( Sabor ) published the People's Requests, in which they requested among other things the abolition of serfdom and the unification of Dalmatia and Croatia . The Dubrovnik municipality was the most outspoken of all the Dalmatian communes in its support for unification with Croatia. A letter

4480-429: The national identification, given that they generically defined themselves as "Dalmatians", of "Romance" or "Slavic" culture. At the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Dalmatia was granted as a province to the Emperor of Austria . It was officially known as the Kingdom of Dalmatia . From the Middle Ages to the 19th century, Italian and Slavic communities in Dalmatia had lived peacefully side by side because they did not know

4560-406: The nearby region represents a related later development. According to István Schütz, in Albania, Delvinë represents a toponym linked to the root *dele . The form of the regional name Dalmatia and the respective tribal name Dalmatae are later variants as is already noted by Appian (2nd century AD). His contemporary grammarian Velius Longus highlights in his treatise about orthography that

4640-401: The oldest defensive fortress built in 1392 by A. Gvaldo the Archbishop of Split. to protect peasants from the settlement Putalj which was situated on the slopes of Kozjak, near the little church of St. Juraj. Additional building formed a settlement by the sea. Archbishop Averaldo built his summer residence in 1488, and castle gets its final form in 1509. The oldest center of Sućurac is Kaštilac,

4720-432: The other hand, was in the ascendant, while the Croatia became increasingly influenced by Hungary to the north, being absorbed into it via personal union in 1102. Thus, these two factions became involved in a struggle in this area, intermittently controlling it as the balance shifted. During the reign of King Emeric , the Dalmatian cities separated from Hungary by a treaty. A consistent period of Hungarian rule in Dalmatia

4800-457: The population), in Zadar 7,423 (64.6%), in Šibenik 1,018 (14.5%), in Kotor 623 (18.7%) and in Dubrovnik 331 (4.6%). In other Dalmatian localities, according to Austrian censuses, Dalmatian Italians experienced a sudden decrease: in the twenty years 1890-1910, in Rab they went from 225 to 151, in Vis from 352 to 92, in Pag from 787 to 23, completely disappearing in almost all the inland locations. While Slavic-speakers made up 80-95% of

4880-435: The present sun and sea lovers, as well as mysterious legacies from the past . Once an ancient Greek port, a stopover point for Roman veterans and a summer place for Croatian kings is today a tourist resort, carrying the same name. Along its long sandy beach there are terraces and viewpoints, tennis and other sports grounds, surrounded by greenery of pine and tamaris trees. The Jadro River (the original water supply for

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4960-420: The process of Romanization was rather selective. While urban centers, both coastal and inland, were almost completely romanized, the situation in the countryside was completely different. Despite the Illyrians being subject to a strong process of acculturation , they continued to speak their native language , worship their own gods and traditions, and follow their own social-political tribal organization which

5040-421: The ramparts and exhibiting the slogan Ragusa with Kotor . The Kotorans elected a delegation to go to Vienna ; Dubrovnik nominated Niko Pucić , who went to Vienna to demand not only the unification of Dalmatia with Croatia, but also the unification of all Croatian territories under one common Sabor . During this period, the Habsburgs carried out an aggressive anti-Italian policy through a forced Slavization of

5120-449: The region in modern times: The inhabitants of Dalmatia are culturally subdivided into two groups. The urban families of the coastal cities, commonly known as Fetivi , are culturally akin to the inhabitants of the Dalmatian islands (known derogatorily as Boduli ). The two are together distinct, in the Mediterranean aspects of their culture, from the more numerous inhabitants of the Hinterland . Referred to (sometimes derogatorily) as

5200-483: The region with the territories composing the former Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia . Proposals for the autonomy of Dalmatia within Yugoslavia were made by Dalmatians within the Yugoslav Partisans during World War II ; however, these proposals were strongly opposed by Croatian Communists and the proposals were soon abandoned. Most of the land area is covered by the Dinaric Alps mountain range running from north-west to south-east. The hills and mountains lie parallel to

5280-428: The region, and from which the later toponym, Delminium , is derived. It is considered by some to be connected to the Albanian dele and its variants which include the Gheg form delmë , meaning "sheep", and to the Albanian term delmer , "shepherd", although there is lack of compelling evidence in ancient literary sources that Delmatae is derived from a word meaning "sheep". According to Vladimir Orel ,

5360-411: The state entered a period of anarchy and would result in Hungarians under Coloman of Hungary taking control over former Dalmatian possessions along with the rest of the state by 1102. In the High Medieval period , the Byzantine Empire was no longer able to expand its power consistently in Dalmatia, and was finally rendered impotent so far west by the Fourth Crusade in 1204. The Republic of Venice, on

5440-423: The territory of the Byzantine province of Dalmatia reached in the North up to the river Sava , and was part of the Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum . In the middle of the 6th and the beginning of the 7th century began the Slavic migration , which caused the Romance-speaking population, descendants of Romans and Illyrians (speaking Dalmatian ), to flee to the coast and islands. The hinterland, semi-depopulated by

5520-435: The vicinity of Kaštel Sućurac and the Split Airport is located in Kaštel Štafilić. Present area of Kaštela and its inland in the vicinity of ancient Salona were inhabited very early (the finds from the Roman and Old Croatian period). Folklore society KUD 7 Kaštela was formed in 1980. Society organizes annual "Tamburica & Mandolina" folklore summer event, with folklore societies from Slavonija and Dalmatia . Kaštela

5600-431: The whole Hungarian and Croatian Kingdom was facing increasing internal difficulties, as a 20-year civil war ensued between the Capetian House of Anjou from the Kingdom of Naples , and King Sigismund of the House of Luxembourg . During the war, the losing contender, Ladislaus of Naples , sold his "rights" on Dalmatia to the Republic of Venice for a mere 100,000 ducats . The much more centralized Republic came to control

5680-407: Was adapted to Roman administration and political structure only in some necessities. The fall of the Western Roman Empire , with the beginning of the Migration Period , left the region subject to Gothic rulers Odoacer and Theodoric the Great . They ruled Dalmatia from 480 to 535 AD, when it was restored to the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire by Justinian I . In the Early Middle Ages ,

5760-620: Was also one of the powers most hostile to the Ottoman Empire's expansion , and participated in many wars against it , but also promoted peace negotiations and cultural and religious coexistence and tolerance. Since the 16th century Slavicized Vlachs , Serbs and other South Slavs arrived both as martolos in Ottoman service and refugees fleeing from Ottoman territory to the Military Frontier and Venetian Dalmatia. As

5840-509: Was bombed on 5 and 6 December 1943 by the Allies. In the attack, a parish church from the 16th century was destroyed, resulting in the deaths of 67 locals, including the parish's priest. On 13 December, another 38 were killed. In the communist Yugoslav era, the victims of the bombing were declared victims of fascism, which lasted until democratic changes in Croatia in 1990. In 2007 the town raised

5920-531: Was ended with the Mongol invasion of Hungary in 1241. The Mongols severely impaired the feudal state, so much so that that same year, King Béla IV had to take refuge in Dalmatia, as far south as the Fortress of Klis . The Mongols attacked the Dalmatian cities for the next few years but eventually withdrew without major success. At the beginning of the 14th century and until 1322, the Dalmatian cities were under

6000-563: Was finally crushed and, in 10 AD, Illyricum was split into two provinces, Pannonia and Dalmatia , which spread into larger area inland to cover all of the Dinaric Alps and most of the eastern Adriatic coast. The historian Theodor Mommsen wrote in his book, The Provinces of the Roman Empire , that all Dalmatia was fully romanized by the 4th century AD. However, analysis of archaeological material from that period has shown that

6080-663: Was intense throughout 1848–49, did not succeed at that time. Many Dalmatian Italians looked with sympathy towards the Risorgimento movement that fought for the unification of Italy . However, after 1866, when the Veneto and Friuli regions were ceded by the Austrians to the newly formed Kingdom Italy , Dalmatia remained part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire , together with other Italian-speaking areas on

6160-588: Was more accentuated in Ragusa, Spalatum, and Tragurium. In the first half of the 10th century, Croatia was elevated to a kingdom by Duke Tomislav who also extended his influence further southwards to Zachlumia . As an ally of the Byzantine Empire, the King was given the status of Protector of Dalmatia, and became its de facto ruler. In the subsequent period, the rulers of Croatia exerted influence over Dalmatian cities and islands, occasionally taking control such as

6240-528: Was reduced to 20% in 1816. According to Austrian censuses, the Dalmatian Italians formed 12.5% of the population in 1865, but this was reduced to 2.8% in 1910. In Dalmatia there was a constant decline in the Italian population, in a context of repression that also took on violent connotations. The Italian population in Dalmatia was concentrated in the major coastal cities. In the city of Split in 1890 there were 1,969 Dalmatian Italians (12.5% of

6320-534: Was sent from Dubrovnik to Zagreb with pledges to work for this idea. In 1849, Dubrovnik continued to lead the Dalmatian cities in the struggle for unification. A large-scale campaign was launched in the Dubrovnik paper L'Avvenire ( The Future ) based on a clearly formulated programme: the federal system for the Habsburg territories , the inclusion of Dalmatia into Croatia and the Slavic brotherhood . The President of

6400-524: Was the commercial lingua franca in the Mediterranean at that time, and it heavily influenced Dalmatian and to a lesser degree coastal Croatian and Albanian . The southern city of Ragusa (Dubrovnik) became de facto independent in 1358 through the Treaty of Zadar when Venice relinquished its suzerainty over it to Louis I of Hungary . In 1481, Ragusa switched allegiance to the Ottoman Empire . This gave its tradesmen advantages such as access to

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