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87-453: The name Banloc was originally born by the fusion of two words: the name of the god Pan and the word "loc" (place), "Pan's place". Later, when "pan" became "ban", it kept the original meaning of a master. The Panloc castle became the Banloc castle, name preserved until now. There is a bas-relief above one of the access doors in the basement of the castle, bas-relief depicting the god Pan playing

174-642: A 5.7-magnitude earthquake . With an intensity of VIII on the Mercalli scale , the earthquake damaged 5,000 houses and the Roman Catholic church in Ofsenița. Following the earthquake, the frontispiece with the royal coat of arms and the vaults of Banloc Castle collapsed. A man was killed at a local bar by a falling beam. Ofsenița ( Hungarian : Karátsonyifalva ; German : Offsenitz or Hopsenitz ; Serbian : Овсеница , romanized :  Ovsenica )

261-630: A Message. The cry "The Great Pan is dead" has appealed to poets, such as John Milton , in his ecstatic celebration of Christian peace, On the Morning of Christ's Nativity line 89, Elizabeth Barrett Browning , and Louisa May Alcott . Representations of Pan have influenced conventional popular depictions of the Devil . In the late-eighteenth century, interest in Pan revived among liberal scholars. Richard Payne Knight discussed Pan in his Discourse on

348-575: A great Pan, but also little Pans, Paniskoi, who played the same part as the Satyrs ". Herodotus wrote that according to Egyptian chronology, Pan was the most ancient of the gods; but according to the version in which Pan was the son of Hermes and Penelope, he was born only eight hundred years before Herodotus, and thus after the Trojan war. Herodotus concluded that that would be when the Greeks first learnt

435-463: A large part of the estate was divided between the peasants who fought in the war. The Royal House of Romania becomes interested in its fate and, in 1935, buys it back from the Karátsonyi family with 22 million lei. Thus, Banloc became a royal domain and permanent residence of Princess Elisabeth – former Queen of Greece – sister of King Carol II of Romania . In 1947 the monarchy was abolished and

522-405: A many-seeded capsule. It can be found in fields, roadsides, railway lines, waste places, and other disturbed areas. In the 19th century, it was reported as a very common weed of European wheat fields and its seeds were inadvertently included in harvested wheat seed and then resown the following season. It is very likely that until the 20th century, most wheat contained some corn cockle seed. It

609-808: A maximum in January and a minimum in February–March. The maximum rainfall in 24 hours does not exceed 130 mm (5.1 in). Compared to the rest of the country, Banloc has the fewest days with snow-covered soil and this, due to the influence of the Mediterranean climate. The region belongs to the intermediate area between steppe and forest steppe . The tree vegetation found here is composed of poplars , walnuts , chestnuts , maples and mulberries and, among cultivated species, apples , pears , plums , apricots , cherries and peaches . As understory , different species are found along roadsides and at

696-461: A mill located near the Banloc railway station. After 1919, the estate lost part of its land due to the border between the Kingdom of Romania and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia . Even after the agricultural reform of 1921, the Banloc estate, together with the castle and the park, remained one of the largest in the country. After World War I , in 1922, Count Karátsonyi was expropriated and left Banloc, and

783-423: A nymph named Pitys , who was turned into a pine tree to escape him. In another version, Pan and the north wind god Boreas clashed over the lovely Pitys. Boreas uprooted all the trees to impress her, but Pan laughed and Pitys chose him. Boreas then chased her and threw her off a cliff resulting in her death. Gaia pitied Pitys and turned her into a pine tree. According to some traditions, Pan taught Daphnis ,

870-512: A nymph named Hybris for his parents, and was the mentor of Apollo. Pausanias records the story that Penelope had in fact been unfaithful to her husband, who banished her to Mantineia upon his return. Other sources ( Duris of Samos ; the Vergilian commentator Servius ) report that Penelope slept with all 108 suitors in Odysseus' absence, and gave birth to Pan as a result. This myth reflects

957-478: A population of 2,631 inhabitants at the 2011 census, down 9% from the 2002 census. Most inhabitants are Romanians (70.24%), larger minorities being represented by Roma (9.81%), Ukrainians (9.24%), Serbs (3.31%) and Hungarians (2.66%). For 4.41% of the population, ethnicity is unknown. By religion, most inhabitants are Orthodox (84.87%), but there are also minorities of Roman Catholics (4.9%), Pentecostals (2.81%) and Serbian Orthodox (1.56%). For 4.41% of

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1044-424: A reed. When the air blew through the reeds, it produced a plaintive melody. The god, still infatuated, took some of the reeds, because he could not identify which reed she became, and cut seven pieces (or according to some versions, nine), joined them side by side in gradually decreasing lengths, and formed the musical instrument bearing the name of his beloved Syrinx. Henceforth, Pan was seldom seen without it. Echo

1131-670: A reward the king of the gods placed him amongst the stars as the Constellation Capricorn. The mother of Aegipan, Aix (the goat), was perhaps associated with the constellation Capra. Sybarios was an Italian Pan who was worshipped in the Greek colony of Sybaris in Italy . The Sybarite Pan was conceived when a Sybarite shepherd boy named Krathis copulated with a pretty she-goat amongst his herds. In Pseudo-Plutarch 's De defectu oraculorum ("The Obsolescence of Oracles"), Pan

1218-459: A rustic son of Hermes, how to play the pan-pipes, and also fell in love with him. Women who had had sexual relations with several men were referred to as "Pan girls." Disturbed in his secluded afternoon naps, Pan's angry shout inspired panic ( panikon deima ) in lonely places. Following the Titans' assault on Olympus , Pan claimed credit for the victory of the gods because he had frightened

1305-596: A simile about the whole world being revealed as it really is: "seeing the Great God Pan". The novella is considered by many (including Stephen King ) as being one of the greatest horror-stories ever written. In an article in Hellebore magazine, Melissa Edmundson argues that women writers from the nineteenth century used the figure of Pan "to reclaim agency in texts that explored female empowerment and sexual liberation". In Eleanor Farjeon 's poem "Pan-Worship",

1392-536: A single specimen was found growing in Sunderland by an assistant ranger of the National Trust . It can be found in fields, roadsides, railway lines, waste places, and other disturbed areas. All parts of the plant are poisonous and contain githagin ( ribosome-inactivating proteins ) and saponins . It has been used in folk medicine despite the risk of fatal poisoning. Recent research highlights

1479-480: A stem to 100 cm (39 in) long with lanceolate leaves. The flowers are up to 5 cm (2.0 in) in diameter, usually single at the ends of the stem. The sepals have five narrow teeth much longer than the petals. It has ten stamens. It has slender pink flowers. It is an erect plant covered with fine hairs. Its few branches are each tipped with a single deep pink to purple flower. The flowers are scentless, 25–50 mm (1.0–2.0 in) across, and produced in

1566-435: A theme also reflected in the song’s sequel, “The Return of Pan". Agrostemma githago Agrostemma githago , the common corn-cockle (also written "corncockle"), is a herbaceous annual flowering plant a member of Caryophyllaceae , also called the pink family or the carnation family of plants. The name of this genus is derived from Greek: agros (αργοσ) “field” and stemma (στέμμα) “garland, crown." It grows with

1653-507: A vaguely-defined deity also sometimes identified with Faunus. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Pan became a significant figure in the Romantic movement of western Europe and also in the twentieth-century Neopagan movement . Many modern scholars consider Pan to be derived from the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European god *Péh₂usōn , whom they believe to have been an important pastoral deity ( *Péh₂usōn shares an origin with

1740-418: Is 11.1 °C (52.0 °F). The frequency of warm years is higher than that of cool years, due to the fact the Banloc is south of the annual isotherm of 11 °C. The distribution of the relief in open amphitheater to the south and west allows the penetration of moist air masses from the west and warmer ones from the south. The annual rainfall totals 500–600 mm (20–24 in), and the monthly rainfall

1827-524: Is a powerful but secretive nature-god, protector of animals, who casts a spell of forgetfulness on all those he helps. He makes a brief appearance to help Rat and Mole recover the Otter's lost son Portly. The goat-footed god entices villagers to listen to his pipes as if in a trance in Lord Dunsany 's novel The Blessing of Pan (1927). Although the god does not appear within the story, his energy invokes

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1914-499: Is a relatively recent village, first mentioned in Marsigli 's notes from 1690–1700. It was originally a village of Serbs , who came here in the late 17th century. Ofsenița was colonized by Swabians from neighboring villages in 1800–1804, who became the majority. At the beginning of the 19th century, in 1838, Ofsenița became property of the Karátsonyi family, who bought the estate of Baron Drašković and received another territory from

2001-442: Is also a communal library in Banloc. Pan (god) In ancient Greek religion and mythology , Pan ( / p æ n / ; Ancient Greek : Πάν , romanized :  Pán ) is the god of the wild, shepherds and flocks, rustic music and impromptus , and companion of the nymphs . He has the hindquarters, legs, and horns of a goat, in the same manner as a faun or satyr . With his homeland in rustic Arcadia , he

2088-695: Is also noted that in 1660 the monks of the Serbian monastery of the Patriarchate of Peć visited Banlog to collect donations for their lavra . During the Turkish occupation of Banat , the pasha from Timișoara had his summer residence in Banloc. In 1716 Banat was conquered by the Austrians. At the 1717 census, Banloc was registered as Panloch , belonging to the district of Ciacova , with 85 inhabited households. On Count Mercy 's map of 1723–1725,

2175-436: Is also recognized as the god of fields, groves, wooded glens, and often affiliated with sex; because of this, Pan is connected to fertility and the season of spring. In Roman religion and myth , Pan was frequently identified with Faunus , a nature god who was the father of Bona Dea , sometimes identified as Fauna ; he was also closely associated with Silvanus , due to their similar relationships with woodlands, and Inuus ,

2262-469: Is both charming and selfish - emphasizing our cultural confusion about whether human instincts are natural and good, or uncivilised and bad. J. M. Barrie describes Peter as 'a betwixt and between', part animal and part human, and uses this device to explore many issues of human and animal psychology within the Peter Pan stories. Arthur Machen 's 1894 novella The Great God Pan uses the god's name in

2349-414: Is found in a church tithe collected between 1300–1335, where it appears under the name Parthas . The settlement was located on the right bank of Bârzava River , unlike the current location on its left bank, due to a subsequent relocation. In the following period, the village passed through the rule of several nobles, being mentioned in documents from the 15th century. Little is known about the village from

2436-460: Is identified with Phanes/Protogonos , Zeus , Dionysus and Eros . Numerous different parentages are given for Pan by different authors. According to the Homeric Hymn to Pan , he is the child of Hermes and an (unnamed) daughter of Dryops. Several authors state that Pan is the son of Hermes and " Penelope ", apparently Penelope , the wife of Odysseus : according to Herodotus , this

2523-633: Is revealed to be in a state of half-death. Pan inspired pieces of classical music by Claude Debussy . Syrinx , written as part of incidental music to the play Psyché by Gabriel Mourey , was originally called "Flûte de Pan". Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune was based on a poem by Stéphane Mallarmé . The story of Pan is the inspiration for the first movement in Benjamin Britten 's work for solo oboe, Six Metamorphoses after Ovid first performed in 1951. Inspired by characters from Ovid 's fifteen-volume work Metamorphoses , Britten titled

2610-469: Is susceptible to downy mildew caused by the oomycete species Peronospora agrostemmatis . It is now present in many parts of the temperate world as an alien species, probably introduced with imported European wheat . It is known to occur throughout much of the United States and parts of Canada , parts of Australia and New Zealand . In parts of Europe , intensive mechanized farming has put

2697-531: Is the only Greek god who actually dies. During the reign of Tiberius (AD 14–37), the news of Pan's death came to one Thamus, a sailor on his way to Italy by way of the Greek island of Paxi . A divine voice hailed him across the salt water, "Thamus, are you there? When you reach Palodes , take care to proclaim that the great god Pan is dead." Which Thamus did, and the news was greeted from shore with groans and laments. Christian apologists , including Eusebius of Caesarea , have long made much of Plutarch's story of

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2784-462: The Aerarium , provided that they employed only Hungarian Catholics on the estate. In this way, the Karátsonyi family takes possession of 27,000 jugers of land, including the villages of Banloc, Ofsenița, Soca, Partoș, Tolvădia and Topolea. At the 1870 census, Ofsenița belonged to the district of Zichyfalva , Torontál County , and had 302 houses with 1,406 inhabitants. During this period, Ofsenița

2871-504: The syrinx . Also, statues in the form of fauns used to guard the alleys of the park; fragments of these are currently held at the Museum of Banat in Timișoara , along with several other statues of the same origin. Banloc is located in the southern part of Timiș County , 50 km (31 mi) from Timișoara and 8 km (5 mi) from Deta , the nearest town. It borders Ghilad to

2958-419: The "death" of Pan came the advent of theology. To this effect, Chesterton claimed, "It is said truly in a sense that Pan died because Christ was born. It is almost as true in another sense that men knew that Christ was born because Pan was already dead. A void was made by the vanishing world of the whole mythology of mankind, which would have asphyxiated like a vacuum if it had not been filled with theology." It

3045-542: The Banloc estate was considered to belong to the state, through the court chancellery or the treasury, an exchange of land occurs over time and the place is attributed to the Croatian-born János Drašković. This exchange of estates is related to the administrative-military reform that would bring the Military Frontier ( German : Militärgrenze ) or the so-called cordon sanitaire established by

3132-675: The Cave of Pan. The only exceptions are the Temple of Pan on the Neda River gorge in the southwestern Peloponnese – the ruins of which survive to this day – and the Temple of Pan at Apollonopolis Magna in ancient Egypt . In the fourth century BC Pan was depicted on the coinage of Pantikapaion . Archaeologists, while excavating a Byzantine church of around 400 AD in Banyas , discovered in

3219-489: The Elizabethan poets. Douglas Bush notes, "The goat-god, the tutelary divinity of shepherds, had long been allegorized on various levels, from Christ to 'Universall Nature' (Sandys) ; here he becomes the symbol of the romantic imagination, of supra-mortal knowledge. ' " In the late-nineteenth century Pan became an increasingly common figure in literature and art. Patricia Merivale states that between 1890 and 1926 there

3306-424: The Karátsonyi family. Until the 1950s, the number of Romanians was not significant, while Serbs , the majority, gradually decreased in number. In the 1970s, Ukrainians from Northern Maramureș and Bukovina began to settle here. In a short time, they founded a solid community, so in the early 1990s they outnumbered both Serbs and Romanians. Ethnic composition (2011) Religious composition (2011) Banloc had

3393-585: The Ottoman period. However, the more important town of Ciacova was conquered by the Turks in 1551, so the whole realm was under Ottoman rule. The 1717 census, the year in which Banat was recaptured by the Habsburgs, recorded the presence of only 18 inhabited houses, which speaks of its decline during the Ottoman period. The 18th century marked the beginning of a period conducive to the development of Partoș. Over

3480-458: The Worship of Priapus (1786) as a symbol of creation expressed through sexuality. "Pan is represented pouring water upon the organ of generation; that is, invigorating the active creative power by the prolific element." John Keats 's "Endymion" (1818) opens with a festival dedicated to Pan where a stanzaic hymn is sung in praise of him. Keats drew most of his account of Pan's activities from

3567-429: The aptness of the name: "for he may lawfully be said in the Greek tongue to be Pan, since he is our all. For all that we are, all that we live, all that we have, all that we hope, is him, by him, from him, and in him." In this interpretation, Rabelais was following Guillaume Postel in his De orbis terrae concordia . The nineteenth-century visionary Anne Catherine Emmerich , in a twist echoed nowhere else, claims that

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3654-613: The attackers. In the Battle of Marathon (490 BC), it is said that Pan favored the Athenians and so inspired panic in the hearts of their enemies, the Persians. In two late Roman sources, Hyginus and Ovid , Pan is substituted for the satyr Marsyas in the theme of a musical competition ( agon ), and the punishment by flaying is omitted. Pan once had the audacity to compare his music with that of Apollo , and to challenge Apollo,

3741-490: The death of Pan. Due to the word "all" in Greek also being "pan," a pun was made that "all demons" had perished. In Rabelais ' Fourth Book of Pantagruel (sixteenth century), the Giant Pantagruel , after recollecting the tale as told by Plutarch, opines that the announcement was actually about the death of Jesus Christ , which did take place at about the same time (towards the end of Tiberius ' reign), noting

3828-590: The detailed illustrated depictions of Pan included in the volume are by the artists Giorgio Ghisi , Sir James Thornhill , Bernard Picart , Agostino Veneziano , Vincenzo Cartari , and Giovanni Battista Tiepolo . In the Percy Jackson novels , author Rick Riordan uses "The Great God Pan is dead" quote as a plot point in the novel The Sea of Monsters , and in The Battle of the Labyrinth Pan

3915-696: The edge of the forests, such as Prunus spinosa (blackthorn), Crataegus monogyna (hawthorn) and Cornus sanguinea (dogwood). Regarding the grassy vegetation, there is a certain grouping on soils or categories of use. On low, moist soils species such as Cirsium arvense (thistle), Polygonum aviculare (knotgrass), Chenopodium album (goosefoot) and Anthemis arvensis (chamomile) are found. On plains, with alluvial soil, species such as Convolvulus arvensis (bindweed), Setaria viridis (foxtail), Amaranthus spp. (pigweeds), Melilotus officinalis (melilot), Plantago spp. (plantains) and Agrostemma githago (corn-cockle) can be found. On pastures,

4002-465: The folk etymology that equates Pan's name (Πάν) with the Greek word for "all" (πᾶν). According to Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology , Apollodorus has his parents as Hermes and Oeneis, while scholia on Theocritus have Aether and Oeneis. Like other nature spirits, Pan appears to be older than the Olympians , if it is true that he gave Artemis her hunting dogs and taught

4089-408: The god of the lyre , to a trial of skill. Tmolus , the mountain-god, was chosen to judge. Pan blew on his pipes and gave great satisfaction with his rustic melody to himself and to his faithful follower, Midas , who happened to be present. Then Apollo struck the strings of his lyre. Tmolus at once awarded the victory to Apollo, and all but Midas agreed with the judgment. Midas dissented and questioned

4176-633: The imperial authorities on the borders of the Habsburg monarchy with the Ottoman Empire and the tributary principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The Serbian and Romanian regiments (Illyrian regiments), were formed from the villages of Banat, within the territory. In 1783 the estate was sold by János and György Drašković to Count Lázár Karátsonyi of Beodra (present-day Novo Miloševo , Serbia ). About ten years later he began to invest heavily in new and modern buildings for that era. Banloc Castle

4263-641: The justice of the award. Apollo would not suffer such a depraved pair of ears any longer and turned Midas' ears into those of a donkey . Pan could be multiplied into a swarm of Pans, and even be given individual names, as in Nonnus ' Dionysiaca , where the god Pan had twelve sons that helped Dionysus in his war against the Indians. Their names were Kelaineus, Argennon, Aigikoros, Eugeneios, Omester, Daphoenus, Phobos, Philamnos, Xanthos, Glaukos, Argos, and Phorbas. Two other Pans were Agreus and Nomios . Both were

4350-413: The love of any man but was enraptured by Narcissus . As Echo was cursed by Hera to only be able to repeat words that had been said by someone else, she could not speak for herself. She followed Narcissus to a pool, where he fell in love with his own reflection and changed into a narcissus flower. Echo wasted away, but her voice could still be heard in caves and other such similar places. Pan also loved

4437-499: The modern English word "pasture"). The Rigvedic psychopomp god Pushan (from PIE zero grade *Ph₂usōn ) is believed to be a cognate of Pan. The connection between Pan and Pushan, both of whom are associated with goats, was first identified in 1924 by the German scholar Hermann Collitz . The familiar form of the name Pan is contracted from earlier Πάων , derived from the root * peh₂- (guard, watch over). According to Edwin L. Brown,

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4524-413: The monster Typhon, he dived into the river Nile ; the parts above the water remained a goat, but those under the water transformed into a fish. Pan is famous for his sexual prowess and is often depicted with a phallus . Diogenes of Sinope , speaking in jest, related a myth of Pan learning masturbation from his father, Hermes , and teaching the habit to shepherds. There was a legend that Pan seduced

4611-510: The moon goddess Selene , deceiving her with a sheep's fleece. One of the famous myths of Pan involves the origin of his pan flute , fashioned from lengths of hollow reed. Syrinx was a lovely wood- nymph of Arcadia, daughter of Ladon , the river-god. As she was returning from the hunt one day, Pan met her. To escape from his importunities, the fair nymph ran away and didn't stop to hear his compliments. He pursued from Mount Lycaeum until she came to her sisters who immediately changed her into

4698-440: The most common wild animals which breed here are hares , foxes , deers , wolves and wild boars . Fields are home to rodents such as field mice and field rats . Banloc is attested for the first time on 13 May 1400 in a document given by the copyist from Cenad , under the name Byallak . It was inhabited by a mixed population, generally of Eastern Christian faith . They were mostly Romanians , Serbs and Hungarians . It

4785-563: The movement, "Pan: who played upon the reed pipe which was Syrinx, his beloved." The British rock band Pink Floyd named its first album The Piper at the Gates of Dawn in reference to Pan as he appears in The Wind in the Willows . Andrew King, Pink Floyd's manager, said Syd Barrett "thought Pan had given him an understanding into the way nature works. It formed into his holistic view of

4872-577: The name Pan is probably a cognate with the Greek word ὀπάων "companion". In his earliest appearance in literature, Pindar 's Pythian Ode iii. 78, Pan is associated with a mother goddess , perhaps Rhea or Cybele ; Pindar refers to maidens worshipping Cybele and Pan near the poet's house in Boeotia . The worship of Pan began in Arcadia which was always the principal seat of his worship. Arcadia

4959-512: The name of Pan. The goat-god Aegipan was nurtured by Amalthea with the infant Zeus in Crete. In Zeus' battle with Typhon , Aegipan and Hermes stole back Zeus' "sinews" that Typhon had hidden away in the Corycian Cave . Pan aided his foster-brother in the battle with the Titans by letting out a horrible screech and scattering them in terror. According to some traditions, Aegipan

5046-564: The north, Plandište ( Serbia ) to the south, Deta and Denta to the east and Livezile to the west. The territory of the commune falls in the Timiș Plain, a plain limited by the Mureș Plain, and borders the high plains with chutes of Deliblata to the north, the foothills of Banat to the east and the Tisa meadows to the west. In the past (until the regularization), the diversion of watercourses,

5133-494: The phrase "the Great Pan" was actually a demonic epithet for Jesus Christ , and that "Thamus, or Tramus" was a watchman in the port of Nicaea , who, at the time of the other spectacular events surrounding Christ's death, was then commissioned to spread this message, which was later garbled "in repetition." In modern times, G. K. Chesterton has repeated and amplified the significance of the "death" of Pan, suggesting that with

5220-477: The plant at risk and it is now uncommon or locally distributed. This is partly due to changing patterns of agriculture with most wheat now sown in the autumn as winter wheat and then harvested before any corn cockle would have flowered or set seed. The main reason, however, is that the cereal seed is better cleaned. The plant was believed to be completely extirpated in the United Kingdom until 2014, when

5307-409: The population, religious affiliation is unknown. The most important educational center in the commune is the general school (1–8) in Banloc. Primary schools (1–4) are also found in the belonging villages of Ofsenița, Partoș and Soca. All the villages have their own kindergarten , of which the one in Banloc also has an extended program. The four villages each have their own community center . There

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5394-491: The prime Pan, reflecting his dual nature as both a wise prophet and a lustful beast. Aegipan , literally "goat-Pan," was a Pan who was fully goatlike, rather than half-goat and half-man. When the Olympians fled from the monstrous giant Typhoeus and hid themselves in animal form, Aegipan assumed the form of a fish-tailed goat. Later he came to the aid of Zeus in his battle with Typhoeus, by stealing back Zeus' stolen sinews. As

5481-461: The princess left Banloc. The estate was confiscated and in 1950 the castle became the seat of the state household. During the communist period, the castle was in turn the headquarters of the forest district, a nursing home, an orphanage and a school. In 2008, the castle was leased by the town hall to the Metropolis of Banat for a period of 49 years. On 12 July 1991, Banloc was the epicenter of

5568-416: The sailors actually heard the excited shouts of the worshipers of Tammuz , Θαμούς πανμέγας τέθνηκε ( Thamoús panmégas téthnēke , "All-great Tammuz is dead!"), and misinterpreted them as a message directed to an Egyptian sailor named 'Thamus': "Great Pan is Dead!" Van Teslaar explains, "[i]n its true form the phrase would have probably carried no meaning to those on board who must have been unfamiliar with

5655-575: The secret of prophecy to Apollo . Pan might be multiplied as the Pans (Burkert 1985, III.3.2; Ruck and Staples, 1994, p. 132 ) or the Paniskoi . Kerenyi (p. 174) notes from scholia that Aeschylus in Rhesus distinguished between two Pans, one the son of Zeus and twin of Arcas , and one a son of Cronus . "In the retinue of Dionysos , or in depictions of wild landscapes, there appeared not only

5742-458: The sons of Hermes, Agreus' mother being the nymph Sose, a prophetess: he inherited his mother's gift of prophecy, and was also a skilled hunter. Nomios' mother was Penelope (not the same as the wife of Odysseus). He was an excellent shepherd, seducer of nymphs, and musician upon the shepherd's pipes. Most of the mythological stories about Pan are actually about Nomios, not the god Pan. Although, Agreus and Nomios could have been two different aspects of

5829-530: The speaker tries to summon Pan to life after feeling "a craving in me", wishing for a "spring-tide" that will replace the stagnant "autumn" of the soul. A dark version of Pan's seductiveness appears in Margery Lawrence 's Robin's Rath , both giving and taking life and vitality. Pan is the eponymous "Piper at the Gates of Dawn" in the seventh chapter of Kenneth Grahame 's The Wind in the Willows (1908). Grahame's Pan, unnamed but clearly recognisable,

5916-435: The summer months – May to September in the northern hemisphere, November to March in the southern hemisphere. Each petal bears two or three discontinuous black lines. The five narrow pointed sepals exceed the petals and are joined at the base to form a rigid tube with ten ribs. Leaves are pale green, opposite, narrowly lanceolate, held nearly erect against stem and are 45–145 mm (1.8–5.7 in) long. Seeds are produced in

6003-402: The union of Banat with Romania, it was named Pescuș for a short period of time. The village continued to be predominantly German until the early 1990s. Germans began to leave after World War II . The last big wave emigrated immediately after 1990. The first recorded mention of Partoș ( Hungarian : Partos ; German : Partosch ; Serbian : Партош , romanized :  Partoš )

6090-569: The unraveling of rivers and the periodic flooding transformed the whole area into swamps , which in part are still maintained today in the form of pools, puddles and humic-gley soils. Rivers in the area – Bârzava , Timiș , Birdanca and Lanca Birda – are today dammed. Banloc's climate is classified as warm and temperate. The influence of the Mediterranean climate is felt to a significant extent here and consists, in particular, in warmer months during winter . The average annual temperature

6177-536: The vegetation is represented by species poor in nutritional values, such as Plantago lanceolata (ribwort plantain), Polygonum aviculare (knotgrass), etc. Wheat , barley , rye , oat , corn , sunflower , sugar beet , tobacco , rice , clover and lucerne , among others, are also cultivated here. Although there is a forest within the commune of Banloc, the fauna is not exactly rich in species of birds and wild animals. Among birds found here are partridges , pheasants , wild ducks , gulls and storks . Among

6264-595: The village appears as Banlok . By 1764, Banlog was, according to some records, an Orthodox parish in the Archpriestship of Ghilad . When the Austrian imperial auditor described Banat in 1774, he noticed that Banlock was in the districts of Jaručki and Ciacova and that the population was predominantly of Vlach (Romanian) origin. In 1777 Banloc had 229 houses and was one of the largest villages in Banat. Although

6351-411: The walls of the church an altar of the god Pan with a Greek inscription, dating back to the second or third century AD. The inscription reads, " Atheneon son of Sosipatros of Antioch is dedicating the altar to the god Pan Heliopolitanus. He built the altar using his own personal money in fulfillment of a vow he made. " In the mystery cults of the highly syncretic Hellenistic era, Pan

6438-507: The world." Brian Jones , a founding member of The Rolling Stones , strongly identified with Pan. He produced the live album Brian Jones Presents the Pipes of Pan at Joujouka , about a Moroccan festival that evoked the ancient Roman rites of Pan. Musician Mike Scott of the Waterboys refers to Pan as an archetypal force within us all, and talks about his search for “The Pan Within",

6525-445: The worship of Tammuz which was a transplanted, and for those parts, therefore, an exotic custom." Certainly, when Pausanias toured Greece about a century after Plutarch, he found Pan's shrines, sacred caves and sacred mountains still very much frequented. However, a naturalistic explanation might not be needed. For example, William Hansen has shown that the story is quite similar to a class of widely known tales known as Fairies Send

6612-399: The years, the village was the property of several local nobles (Drašković, Karátsonyi). During this period, rice fields were arranged on the banks of Bârzava River . In 1890 the village belonged to the commune of Banloc and had 1,193 inhabitants. Due to the intensification of economic activity, more and more families of Hungarian and German colonists settled here. In 1929, the hamlet of Topolea

6699-661: The younger folk of the village to revel in the summer twilight, while the vicar of the village is the only person worried about the revival of worship of the old pagan god. Pan features as a prominent character in Tom Robbins ' Jitterbug Perfume (1984). The British writer and editor Mark Beech of Egaeus Press published in 2015 the limited-edition anthology Soliloquy for Pan which includes essays and poems such as "The Rebirthing of Pan" by Adrian Eckersley, "Pan's Pipes" by Robert Louis Stevenson , "Pan with Us" by Robert Frost , and "The Death of Pan" by Lord Dunsany . Some of

6786-466: Was a district of mountain people , culturally separated from other Greeks. Arcadian hunters used to scourge the statue of the god if they had been disappointed in the chase. Being a rustic god, Pan was not worshipped in temples or other built edifices, but in natural settings, usually caves or grottoes such as the one on the north slope of the Acropolis of Athens . These are often referred to as

6873-520: Was a nymph who was a great singer and dancer and scorned the love of any man. This angered Pan, a lecherous god, and he instructed his followers to kill her. Echo was torn to pieces and spread all over Earth. The goddess of the Earth, Gaia , received the pieces of Echo, whose voice remains repeating the last words of others. In some versions, Echo and Pan had two children: Iambe and Iynx . In other versions, Pan had fallen in love with Echo, but she scorned

6960-470: Was an "astonishing resurgence of interest in the Pan motif". He appears in poetry, in novels and children's books, and is referenced in the name of the character Peter Pan . In the Peter Pan stories, Peter represents a golden age of pre-civilisation in both the minds of very young children (before enculturation and education), and in the natural world outside the influence of humans. Peter Pan's character

7047-537: Was built on much older foundations that were most likely the ruins of former buildings from the Turkish era. The history of Banloc is closely linked to the history of the estate and its economic performance. The estate of the Karátsonyi counts included vast hunting forests, agricultural lands – noteworthy being the rice fields of Topolea ( Hungarian : Topolyapuszta ), fishing lakes, tobacco plantations, animal farms (in Pescuș), Lipizzan horse studs, an alcohol factory and

7134-428: Was considered a large commune, with its own administration. The main occupation of the inhabitants was agriculture. In the commune there were also craftsmen such as masons, carpenters, blacksmiths and barbers. On 13 October 1850, the town hall was dissolved and Ofsenița became a village belonging to the commune of Banloc. In 1910 the name of the village changed from Offszenicza to Karátsonyifalva , after its owner. After

7221-401: Was incorporated into Partoș. Until then, it was an independent settlement, a famous rice paddy and fishery. The first recorded mention of Soca ( Hungarian : Karátsonyiliget ; German : Soka ; Serbian : Сока , romanized :  Soka ; Ukrainian : Сока ) dates from 1333, being mentioned in the papal tithe lists as Zago . The medieval settlement disappeared, and the new village

7308-444: Was interpreted with concurrent meanings in all four modes of medieval exegesis : literally as historical fact, and allegorically as the death of the ancient order at the coming of the new. In more modern times, some have suggested a possible naturalistic explanation for the myth. For example, Robert Graves ( The Greek Myths ) reported a suggestion that had been made by Salomon Reinach and expanded by James S. Van Teslaar that

7395-410: Was re-established on the same hearth, towards the end of the Turkish occupation, by colonizing with Serbs . In Marsigli 's notes from 1690–1700 the village of Szoka , in the district of Ciacova , is mentioned, and in the Austrian census of 1717, the village of Soke with 30 houses, inhabited by Serbs , is registered. In 1778 Soca was annexed to Torontál County , and in 1781 it became the property of

7482-557: Was the son of Pan, rather than his father. The constellation Capricornus is traditionally depicted as a sea-goat , a goat with a fish's tail (see "Goatlike" Aigaion called Briareos, one of the Hecatonchires ). A myth reported as "Egyptian" in Hyginus 's Poetic Astronomy (which would seem to be invented to justify a connection of Pan with Capricorn) says that when Aegipan —that is Pan in his goat-god aspect —was attacked by

7569-419: Was the version which was believed by the Greeks, and later sources such as Cicero and Hyginus call Pan the son of Mercury and Penelope. In some early sources such as Pindar (c. 518 – c. 438 BC) and Hecataeus (c. 550 – c. 476 BC), he is called the child of Penelope by Apollo . Apollodorus records two distinct divinities named Pan; one who was the son of Hermes and Penelope, and the other who had Zeus and

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