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93-527: Toronto Pearson International Airport ( IATA : YYZ , ICAO : CYYZ ) is an international airport located in Mississauga , Ontario , Canada. It is the main airport serving Toronto , its metropolitan area , and the surrounding region known as the Golden Horseshoe . The airport is named in honour of Lester B. Pearson , who served as the 14th Prime Minister of Canada (1963–1968) and received

186-412: A Traffic Management Unit (TMU), located in the apron control tower at Terminal 1, to control the movement of aircraft and other airport traffic on the ground. The main air traffic control tower at Toronto Pearson is located within the infield operations area of the airport. The airfield maintenance unit is responsible for general maintenance and repairs at Toronto Pearson. During the winter months,

279-463: A 25-minute travel time to Union Station, the busiest intermodal transportation facility in Canada. Union Station offers connections to numerous GO Transit regional rail and bus services as well as inter-city rail links on Via Rail 's Quebec City–Windsor Corridor . Combined UP Express and inter-city tickets may be purchased from VIA Rail. The UP Express operates daily between 5:27 am and 12:57 am of

372-482: A Toronto Airport Detachment at Pearson Airport, which provides federal law enforcement services. The Canadian Air Transport Security Authority (CATSA) is responsible for security screening procedures at Pearson Airport. Other government agencies with security operations at Pearson include the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA), Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC),

465-516: A capacity of 30 million passengers annually and Terminal 3 has a capacity of 17 million passengers annually. A third public terminal, the Infield Concourse (IFC), currently acts as an extension of Terminal 3 providing additional bridged gates . The old Terminal 1 (originally known as Aeroquay One) was demolished in 2004 after the first phase of new Terminal 1 opened. Terminal 2 was permanently closed and demolished in 2007 to make way for

558-627: A common use cargo apron , vehicle parking, and a truck maneuvering area. A four-lane vehicle tunnel connects the Infield Cargo Area to the passenger terminal area of the airport. The Cargo East facility (also known as the VISTA cargo area) is located north of Terminal 3. The VISTA cargo area is a multi-tenant facility of several buildings organized in a U-shape, with 29,500 square metres (318,000 sq ft) of warehouse space and an adjacent common-use cargo apron. The Cargo North facility

651-440: A database of traffic collisions in Canada. Transport Canada's role in railways include: Following allegations by shippers of service level deterioration, on April 7, 2008, the federal government of Canada launched a review of railway freight service within the country. Transport Canada, which is managing the review, plans to investigate the relationships between Canadian shippers and the rail industry, especially with regards to

744-437: A former inspector at Transport Canada, went on record criticizing this approach, indicating that it would increase risk to the flying public. Critics have warned that introducing SMS to the aviation sector is "a recipe for disaster". However, the aviation accident rate in Canada declined over a number of years to 2008. The rail industry in Canada, which has had SMS since 2001 and is also regulated by Transport Canada, had shown

837-687: A hub for cargo airline FedEx Express , and as a base of operations for Air Transat and Sunwing Airlines . Toronto Pearson is operated by the Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA) as part of Transport Canada 's National Airports System . The airport also maintains facilities for United States border preclearance . An extensive network of non-stop domestic flights is operated from Toronto Pearson by several airlines to all major and many secondary cities across all provinces and territories of Canada . Since 2014, over 75 airlines operated around 1,250 daily departures from

930-598: A location to film major motion pictures and television productions . Skyservice FBO operates an 800-square-metre (8,611 sq ft) private VIP terminal at Toronto Pearson on Midfield Road in the infield area of the airport. The terminal handles most private aircraft arriving and departing at Toronto Pearson, providing passenger services that include a 24/7 concierge , private customs and immigration facilities, personalized catering, showers, direct handling of baggage, and VIP ground transportation services. Toronto Pearson has five runways , three of which are aligned in

1023-544: A marked increase in accidents under this regulatory scheme to 2006. Several Transport Canada senior executives, including Assistant Deputy Minister, Safety and Security, Marc Grégoire, were sued in 2008 for reprisals against another whistleblower, Ian Bron. who reported that the Marine Security framework was riddled with gaps. On 23 December 2013, it was revealed that a Transport Canada inspector had been dismissed for falsifying departmental reports. The identity of

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1116-567: A new airport is built, replacing the old one, leaving the city's new "major" airport (or the only remaining airport) code to no longer correspond with the city's name. The original airport in Nashville, Tennessee, was built in 1936 as part of the Works Progress Administration and called Berry Field with the designation, BNA. A new facility known as Nashville International Airport was built in 1987 but still uses BNA. This

1209-668: A result of the Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 crash and the Lion Air Flight 610 crash, which occurred five months prior to the Ethiopian crash, most airlines and countries began grounding the Boeing 737 MAX 8 (and in many cases all MAX variants) due to safety concerns, but Transport Canada declined to temporarily ground Boeing 737 Max 8 operating in Canada. However, on 13 March, Transport Canada reversed

1302-474: A site that covers 1,867 hectares (4,613 acres). Pearson is the largest and busiest airport in Canada , handling 44.8 million passengers in 2023. As of 2019, it was the second-busiest international air passenger gateway in North America and the 24th-busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic. Toronto Pearson is the primary hub for Air Canada . It also serves as a focus city for WestJet ,

1395-509: Is GSN and its IATA code is SPN, and some coincide with IATA codes of non-U.S. airports. Canada's unusual codes—which bear little to no similarity with any conventional abbreviation to the city's name—such as YUL in Montréal , and YYZ in Toronto , originated from the two-letter codes used to identify weather reporting stations in the 1930s. The letters preceding the two-letter code follow

1488-493: Is a Crown corporation that reports to parliament through the Minister of Transport . It is responsible for the protection of specific elements of the air transportation system – from passenger and baggage screening to screening airport workers. In spring 2017 CATSA and the Canada Border Services Agency began their roll-out "as part of a broader effort to modernize and streamline clearance procedures at Canadian airports" of

1581-450: Is a 178,000-square-metre (1,916,000 sq ft) facility designed by B+H Architects and Scott Associates Architects Inc. Originally, Terminal 3 was a major tenant for Canadian Airlines (defunct since 2001). Today, the terminal serves as a hub for Porter Airlines and WestJet , a focus city for Air Transat , and an operating base for Flair Airlines and Sunwing Airlines — all of which are unaffiliated with any airline alliance. It

1674-456: Is also used by all foreign SkyTeam (except ITA Airways ) and Oneworld airlines that serve Pearson Airport, along with Biman Bangladesh Airlines , Etihad Airways , Pakistan International Airlines , Philippine Airlines and all other airlines that are unaffiliated with an airline alliance (except Air North and Emirates ). Terminal 3 has 46 gates. A five-level parking garage with 3,800 public parking spaces (including 600 rental car spaces)

1767-617: Is available. However, many railway administrations have their own list of codes for their stations, such as the list of Amtrak station codes . Airport codes arose out of the convenience that the practice brought pilots for location identification in the 1930s. Initially, pilots in the United States used the two-letter code from the National Weather Service (NWS) for identifying cities. This system became unmanageable for cities and towns without an NWS identifier, and

1860-523: Is different from the name in English, yet the airport code represents only the English name. Examples include: Due to scarcity of codes, some airports are given codes with letters not found in their names: The use of 'X' as a filler letter is a practice to create three-letter identifiers when more straightforward options were unavailable: Some airports in the United States retained their NWS ( National Weather Service ) codes and simply appended an X at

1953-513: Is in conjunction to rules aimed to avoid confusion that seem to apply in the United States, which state that "the first and second letters or second and third letters of an identifier may not be duplicated with less than 200 nautical miles separation." Thus, Washington, D.C. area's three airports all have radically different codes: IAD for Washington–Dulles , DCA for Washington–Reagan (District of Columbia Airport), and BWI for Baltimore (Baltimore–Washington International, formerly BAL). Since HOU

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2046-675: Is located and hence the IATA code for Pearson Airport is YYZ. The telegraph station in Toronto itself was coded TZ, which is why Toronto's smaller Billy Bishop Airport is coded YTZ. Toronto Pearson International Airport has two active public terminals, Terminal 1 and Terminal 3. Both terminals are designed to handle all three sectors of travel (domestic, transborder, and international), which results in terminal operations at Toronto Pearson being grouped for airlines and airline alliances , rather than for domestic and international routes. Terminal 1 has

2139-571: Is located directly across from the terminal along with Sheraton Hotel, both of which are connected to Terminal 3 by an elevated pedestrian walkway. Since June 2018, the GTAA has used the Infield Terminal to act as an extension of Terminal 3 to provide additional bridged gates . Passengers on flights arriving or departing from gates at the Infield Terminal are transported by bus to/from Terminal 3. American Airlines has an Admirals Club in

2232-543: Is not followed outside the United States: In addition, since three letter codes starting with Q are widely used in radio communication, cities whose name begins with "Q" also had to find alternate codes, as in the case of: IATA codes should not be confused with the FAA identifiers of U.S. airports. Most FAA identifiers agree with the corresponding IATA codes, but some do not, such as Saipan , whose FAA identifier

2325-558: Is responsible for enforcing several Canadian legislation, including the Aeronautics Act , Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act, 1992 , Motor Vehicle Safety Act , Canada Transportation Act , Railway Safety Act , Canada Shipping Act, 2001 , Marine Transportation Security Act amongst others. Each inspector with delegated power from the Minister of Transport receives official credentials to exercise their power, as shown on

2418-579: Is the department within the Government of Canada responsible for developing regulations , policies and services of road, rail, marine and air transportation in Canada . It is part of the Transportation, Infrastructure and Communities (TIC) portfolio. The current Minister of Transport is Anita Anand . Transport Canada is headquartered in Ottawa , Ontario . The Department of Transport

2511-478: Is the Canadian hub for FedEx Express . The site occupies an area on the north side of the airport near runway 05/23 and is home to two buildings operated exclusively by FedEx with 32,100 square metres (346,000 sq ft) of warehouse space and a dedicated cargo apron. The Peel Regional Police is the primary law enforcement agency at Pearson Airport. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) also maintain

2604-458: Is the largest airport terminal in Canada and the 12th largest in the world by floor space. Air Canada and all other Star Alliance airlines that serve Pearson Airport are based at Terminal 1 under the "Move under One Roof" policy. SkyTeam carrier ITA Airways and non-alliance carriers Air North , and Emirates also use Terminal 1. Sunwing Airlines previously had its base at Terminal 1 until it moved to Terminal 3 on May 1, 2016. Terminal 1

2697-422: Is the largest in the world, servicing over 10,500 aircraft each winter. The six de-icing bays, covering a total area of 24 hectares (60 acres), can handle 12 aircraft simultaneously and take between 2 and 19 minutes to de-ice each aircraft dependent on factors such as active weather and aircraft specifications. The Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA) Fire and Emergency Service maintains three stations at

2790-579: Is the most detailed. Until 1996, Transport Canada was responsible for both regulation of aviation and the operation of air traffic services, as well as the operation of most major airports. On November 1, 1996, these responsibilities were split: Transport Canada remains responsible for regulation (through the Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) and Standards ), and a new regulated non-profit company, NAV CANADA , took over responsibility for all civilian air traffic services. This change

2883-416: Is used for William P. Hobby Airport , the new Houston–Intercontinental became IAH. The code BKK was originally assigned to Bangkok–Don Mueang and was later transferred to Suvarnabhumi Airport , while the former adopted DMK. The code ISK was originally assigned to Gandhinagar Airport (Nashik's old airport) and later on transferred to Ozar Airport (Nashik's current airport). Shanghai–Hongqiao retained

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2976-579: The Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS), and Transport Canada . In addition, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) from the United States also conduct operations at the airport to facilitate United States border preclearance . Pearson Airport has seven aircraft maintenance hangars , operated by Air Canada, Air Transat, WestJet, and

3069-515: The Canadian transcontinental railroads were built, each station was assigned its own two-letter Morse code : When the Canadian government established airports, it used the existing railway codes for them as well. If the airport had a weather station, authorities added a "Y" to the front of the code, meaning "Yes" to indicate it had a weather station or some other letter to indicate it did not. When international codes were created in cooperation with

3162-502: The GTAA retained plans to reactivate the IFC for regular operations whenever necessary to accommodate seasonal or overflow demand. The terminal was substantially renovated in late 2015 to serve as a dedicated terminal for incoming government-sponsored refugees of the Syrian civil war . Further renovations were completed at the Infield Concourse in early 2018 and on June 5, 2018, the terminal

3255-507: The National Airports System ) to outside operators; currently, there are 26 airports in the system, of which 22 are operated by 21 Airport Authorities, an example of which is the Greater Toronto Airports Authority . In 2003, Transport Canada launched its Electronic Collection of Air Transportation Statistics program to collect passenger and cargo data in real-time from air carriers flying in Canada. ECATS will expand into

3348-604: The Nobel Peace Prize in 1957 for his humanitarian work in peacekeeping. Toronto Pearson is located 22.5 kilometres (14.0 mi) northwest of Downtown Toronto with the majority of the airport situated in Mississauga and a small portion of the airfield, along Silver Dart Drive north of Renforth Drive, extending into Toronto's western district of Etobicoke . It has five runways and two passenger terminals along with numerous cargo and maintenance facilities on

3441-917: The Saint Lawrence Seaway , airports and seaports, as well as Via Rail and CN Rail . Significant cuts to Transport Canada at that time resulted in CN Rail being privatized, the coast guard being transferred to Fisheries and Oceans , and the seaway and various ports and airports being transferred to local operating authorities. Transport Canada emerged from this process as a department focused on policy and regulation rather than transportation operations. In 2004, Transport Canada introduced non-passenger screening to enhance both airport and civil aviation security. Transport Canada's headquarters are located in Ottawa at Place de Ville , Tower C. Transport Canada also has regional headquarters in: Transport Canada

3534-438: The self-service border clearance kiosks programme, under which Canadian travellers are subject to facial recognition technology upon re-entry to the country. It was expected that as a cost-cutting measure the programme was to reduce the number of civilian interactions with civil servants. Transport Canada's Civil Aviation (TCCA) Directorate is Canada's civil aviation authority . It has existed since 1936, when civil aviation

3627-470: The 1990s, Transport Canada also began privatizing the operation of large airports, and divesting itself of small airports altogether (typically handing them over to municipalities). Following the 1994 National Airports Policy , Transport Canada retains ownership of most airports with 200,000 or more annual passenger movements, as well as the primary airports serving the federal, provincial, and territorial capitals, but leases most of these airports (which make up

3720-718: The Domestic, International and Transborder zones, with the Signature Suite being in the International Zone. In addition to the eight lounges, Air Canada operates the Air Canada Cafe, in which premium passengers have the ability to enter the café to get premium coffee, tea and grab-and-go snacks. In the domestic section of the arrivals level, there are some retailers both before and after security checkpoints, such as 7-Eleven (convenience goods), which

3813-454: The GTAA, which are used for line maintenance and routine aircraft inspections . At the north end of the airfield are numerous independently operated hangars for charter aircraft and personal private aircraft based at Pearson Airport, along with passenger and maintenance facilities to service them. The Greater Toronto Airports Authority maintains administrative offices on Convair Drive, near

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3906-605: The Malton Airport to the Government of Canada, which subsequently renamed the facility to Toronto International Airport, under the management of Transport Canada . The airport was officially renamed Lester B. Pearson International Airport on January 2, 1984, in honour of Toronto-born Lester B. Pearson , the 14th prime minister of Canada and recipient of the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize . The Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA) assumed management, operation, and control of

3999-570: The Malton Airport was a Trans-Canada Air Lines DC-3 that landed on August 29, 1939. During World War II , the Royal Canadian Air Force established a base at the airport as a component of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan . RCAF Station Malton was home to several training schools and was in operation between 1940 and 1946. In 1958, the municipal government of Toronto sold

4092-624: The Navigable Waters Protection Program were transferred back to Transport Canada. As was certain regulatory aspects of Emergency Response (Oil pollution) Transport Canada Marine Safety (TCMS) is the division under Transport Canada that maintains and enhances marine safety and work to protect life, health, property and the marine environment. This includes providing services that are mandated by acts and regulations such as certification for Canadian seafarers and related professionals. Transport Canada's role in aviation

4185-482: The U.S. For example, several airports in Alaska have scheduled commercial service, such as Stebbins and Nanwalek , which use FAA codes instead of ICAO codes. Thus, neither system completely includes all airports with scheduled service. Some airports are identified in colloquial speech by their IATA code. Examples include LAX and JFK . Transport Canada Transport Canada ( French : Transports Canada )

4278-485: The US preclearance departures area. The Infield Concourse (IFC) was originally built to handle traffic displaced during the development and construction of the current Terminal 1. Its 11 gates were opened gradually throughout 2002 and 2003, and a business lounge was opened in 2005. In 2009, the Infield Concourse was closed for regular operations in conjunction with the official opening of the newly constructed Terminal 1. However,

4371-481: The United States, because "Y" was seldom used in the United States, Canada simply used the weather station codes for its airports, changing the "Y" to a "Z" if it conflicted with an airport code already in use. The result is that most major Canadian airport codes start with "Y" followed by two letters in the city's name (for example, YOW for O tta w a , YWG for W innipe g , YYC for C algar y , or YVR for V ancouve r ), whereas other Canadian airports append

4464-552: The agency responsible for regulating the sale of alcohol in Ontario. An eight-level parking garage with 8,400 public parking spaces (including 700 rental car spaces) across from Terminal 1 is connected to the terminal by several elevated and enclosed pedestrian walkways. Terminal 1 is home to the ThyssenKrupp Express Walkway, the world's fastest moving walkway . Terminal 3 opened in 1991. The building

4557-735: The airfield connected with multiple large jet parking bays and logistics handling facilities for servicing the Greater Toronto Area. Bombardier Aviation 's Bombardier Global Express business jet final assembly are completed at the factory located on the north side of Toronto Pearson since 2023. The Union Pearson Express (UP Express) is an airport rail link running between Pearson Airport and Union Station in Downtown Toronto , with intermediate stops at Weston and Bloor GO Train stations. Trains depart every 15 minutes from Toronto Pearson Terminal 1 station and provide

4650-557: The airport in 1996, and has used the name Toronto Pearson International Airport for the facility since the transition. Since Toronto has more than one airport, YTO is used for the area designation, while Pearson is coded YYZ, Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport is YTZ and Toronto/ Buttonville Municipal Airport in Markham , until its closure on November 24, 2023, was YKZ. YZ was the code for the station in Malton, Ontario, where Pearson Airport

4743-440: The airport itself instead of the city it serves, while another code is reserved which refers to the city itself which can be used to search for flights to any of its airports. For instance: Or using a code for the city in one of the major airports and then assigning another code to another airport: When different cities with the same name each have an airport, they need to be assigned different codes. Examples include: Sometimes,

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4836-461: The airport terminals are situated outside of the Toronto city limits, TTC bus services at Pearson Airport do not require a supplementary fare . TTC buses serve both Terminal 1 and Terminal 3. Two public transit operators based in Peel Region also operate routes to the airport: Brampton Transit and MiWay . Brampton Transit operates all-day public transit bus service from Pearson Airport to

4929-482: The airport to more than 180 destinations across five continents . The airport is supported by around 50,000 employees (1800 with GTAA) excluding airline staff and policing. In 1937, the Government of Canada agreed to support the building of two airports in the Toronto area. One site selected was on the Toronto Islands , which is the present-day Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport . The other site selected

5022-418: The airport's former name, such as Orlando International Airport 's MCO (for Mc C o y Air Force Base), or Chicago's O'Hare International Airport , which is coded ORD for its original name: Or char d Field. In rare cases, the code comes from the airport's unofficial name, such as Kahului Airport 's OGG (for local aviation pioneer Jimmy H ogg ). In large metropolitan areas, airport codes are often named after

5115-500: The airport, with more than 80 firefighters providing fire and rescue operations at Toronto Pearson. They are equipped with six crash tenders as well as several pumpers , aerial ladders , and heavy rescue units. The GTAA Fire and Emergency Service operates in conjunction with the Fire and Emergency Services Training Institute (FESTI), located at the northwest end of the airport grounds. Toronto Pearson handles approximately half of all

5208-561: The city of Brampton , with express service operating to Bramalea Terminal . Brampton Transit buses arrive and depart from Terminal 1. MiWay operates all-day public transit bus service from Pearson Airport to the city of Mississauga , with express service to City Centre Transit Terminal , Humber College , and Winston Churchill Transitway Station , and local routes to Westwood Square Terminal , Renforth station , and Meadowvale Town Centre Terminal . MiWay buses arrive and depart from Terminal 1, Terminal 3, Toronto Pearson Viscount station , and

5301-502: The code SHA, while the newer Shanghai–Pudong adopted PVG. The opposite was true for Berlin : the airport Berlin–Tegel used the code TXL, while its smaller counterpart Berlin–Schönefeld used SXF; the Berlin Brandenburg Airport has the airport code BER, which is also part of its branding. The airports of Hamburg (HAM) and Hannover (HAJ) are less than 100 nautical miles (190 km) apart and therefore share

5394-497: The east–west direction, and two in the north–south direction. A large network of taxiways , collectively measuring over 40 km (25 mi) in length, provides access between the runways and the passenger terminals, air cargo areas, and airline hangar areas. Toronto Pearson is home to the Toronto Area Control Centre , one of seven area control centres in Canada operated by Nav Canada . The airport uses

5487-886: The end. Examples include: A lot of minor airfields without scheduled passenger traffic have ICAO codes but not IATA codes, since the four letter codes allow more number of codes, and IATA codes are mainly used for passenger services such as tickets, and ICAO codes by pilots. In the US, such airfields use FAA codes instead of ICAO. There are airports with scheduled service for which there are ICAO codes but not IATA codes, such as Nkhotakota Airport/Tangole Airport in Malawi or Chōfu Airport in Tokyo, Japan. There are also several minor airports in Russia (e.g., Omsukchan Airport ) which lack IATA codes and instead use internal Russian codes for booking. Flights to these airports cannot be booked through

5580-486: The expansion of new Terminal 1. Terminal 3 retains its numbering to prevent confusion and it would have cost millions of dollars in replacement signage had it been renumbered. The Terminal 2 designation is reserved for a future terminal separate from Terminal 3. The current Terminal 1 opened in 2004, replacing Aeroquay One (also referred to by its retronym: the original Terminal 1 ) and Terminal 2 . Measuring over 346,000 square metres (3,724,000 sq ft), Terminal 1

5673-527: The field of general aviation during 2008. Transport Canada also collects data on all accidents and incidents, no matter how minor, using the Civil Aviation Daily Occurrence Reporting System (CADORS). Transport Canada continues to be responsible for licensing pilots and other aviation specialists (such as dispatchers and mechanics) as well as registering and inspecting aircraft. It is also responsible for

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5766-557: The first three letters of the city in which it is located, for instance: The code may also be a combination of the letters in its name, such as: Sometimes the airport code reflects pronunciation, rather than spelling, namely: For many reasons, some airport codes do not fit the normal scheme described above. Some airports, for example, cross several municipalities or regions, and therefore, use codes derived from some of their letters, resulting in: Other airports—particularly those serving cities with multiple airports—have codes derived from

5859-526: The following aircraft in its database and operate as ICAO airline designator TGO, and telephony TRANSPORT. Transport Canada has been the centre of a number of controversies in recent years. In September 2009, the CBC 's Fifth Estate produced a report "Riding on Risk", which detailed alleged mismanagement and cover-ups in Transport Canada. The story was sparked by a lost memory stick which

5952-425: The following format: Most large airports in Canada have codes that begin with the letter "Y", although not all "Y" codes are Canadian (for example, YUM for Yuma, Arizona , and YNT for Yantai , China), and not all Canadian airports start with the letter "Y" (for example, ZBF for Bathurst, New Brunswick ). Many Canadian airports have a code that starts with W, X or Z, but none of these are major airports. When

6045-597: The form of " YYZ ", a song by the rock band Rush , which utilizes the Morse code signal as a musical motif. Some airports have started using their IATA codes as brand names , such as Calgary International Airport (YYC) and Vancouver International Airport (YVR). Numerous New Zealand airports use codes that contain the letter Z, to distinguish them from similar airport names in other countries. Examples include HLZ for Hamilton , ZQN for Queenstown , and WSZ for Westport . Predominantly, airport codes are named after

6138-528: The guilty party was not revealed, because of a concern for his or her privacy. The Canadian Association of Journalists nominated Transport Canada for its Secrecy Award for a second time in 2008, indicating that a bill to amend the Aeronautics Act will cause "a veil of secrecy [to] fall over all information reported by airlines about performance, safety violations, aviation safety problems and their resolution." In September 2009, Transport Canada

6231-775: The infield operations area of the airport. IATA airport code The assignment of these codes is governed by IATA Resolution 763, and it is administered by the IATA's headquarters in Montreal , Canada. The codes are published semi-annually in the IATA Airline Coding Directory. IATA provides codes for airport handling entities, and for certain railway stations. Alphabetical lists of airports sorted by IATA code are available. A list of railway station codes , shared in agreements between airlines and rail lines such as Amtrak , SNCF , and Deutsche Bahn ,

6324-481: The international air cargo in Canada. The airport has three main cargo facilities, known as Cargo West (Infield), Cargo East (VISTA), and Cargo North ( FedEx ). The Cargo West facility (also known as the Infield Cargo Area) is located between runways 15L/33R and 15R/33L. It is a multi-tenant facility including three large buildings with 52,600 square metres (566,000 sq ft) of warehouse space,

6417-487: The international air booking systems or have international luggage transferred there, and thus, they are booked instead through the airline or a domestic booking system. Several heliports in Greenland have 3-letter codes used internally which might be IATA codes for airports in faraway countries. There are several airports with scheduled service that have not been assigned ICAO codes that do have IATA codes, especially in

6510-649: The main express bus service to the airport from Kipling station on Line 2 Bloor–Danforth of the Toronto subway , and route 52 Lawrence West / 352 Lawrence West Night / 952 Lawrence West Express operate service along Lawrence Avenue to Lawrence and Lawrence West stations on the subway's Line 1 Yonge–University . Additionally, route 900 Airport Express buses have a unique airport-themed livery and luggage racks. The TTC Blue Night Network operates local night bus routes to Warden Avenue in Toronto's east end via Bloor Street and Danforth Avenue , Eglinton station via Eglinton Avenue and Sunnybrook Hospital . Although

6603-612: The name of the airport itself, for instance: This is also true with some cities with a single airport (even if there is more than one airport in the metropolitan area of said city), such as BDL for Hartford, Connecticut 's B ra dl ey International Airport or Baltimore's BWI, for B altimore/ W ashington I nternational Airport ; however, the latter also serves Washington, D.C. , alongside Dulles International Airport (IAD, for I nternational A irport D ulles) and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA, for D istrict of C olumbia A irport). The code also sometimes comes from

6696-587: The need to recheck bags, pass through security screening, and relieves congestion in the primary customs hall. International-to-domestic passengers use the same corridor and a bus for one-stop security procedures, which avoids having to re-clear security if coming from another country with a mutual agreement. The terminal has a total of eight lounges, with five of the lounges being Air Canada–operated lounges (three Maple Leaf Lounges, one Maple Leaf Express Lounge and one Signature Suite) and three being Plaza Premium operated. Both Air Canada and Plaza Premium have lounges in

6789-948: The next calendar day. The Terminal Link (formerly the Link Train) is an automated people mover that facilitates inter-terminal transportation at Pearson Airport. It runs between Terminal 1, Terminal 3, and Toronto Pearson Viscount station located at the Viscount Value Park Lot, connecting directly to the airport terminals at Toronto Pearson Terminal 1 station and Toronto Pearson Terminal 3 station . The Terminal Link train operates daily, 24-hour service with trains departing all stations every 4 to 8 minutes. Several public transit bus services operate bus routes to Toronto Pearson International Airport. Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) operates daily, 24-hour public transit bus service from Pearson Airport to various subway stations in Toronto, with route 900 Airport Express being

6882-416: The one they are located in: Other airport codes are of obscure origin, and each has its own peculiarities: In Asia, codes that do not correspond with their city's names include Niigata 's KIJ , Nanchang 's KHN and Pyongyang 's FNJ . EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg , which serves three countries, has three airport codes: BSL, MLH, EAP. Some cities have a name in their respective language which

6975-476: The portfolio to rationalize the governance and provision of all forms of transportation (air, water and land). He created a National Harbours Board and Trans-Canada Air Lines . The Department of Transport Act came into force November 2, 1936. Prior to a 1994 federal government reorganization, Transport Canada had a wide range of operational responsibilities including the Canadian Coast Guard ,

7068-498: The right. These inspectors are public officers identified within the Criminal Code of Canada. The Motor Vehicle Safety Act was established in 1971 in order to create safety standards for cars in Canada. The department also acts as the federal government's funding partner with provincial (and territorial) transport ministries on jointly-funded provincial transportation infrastructure projects for new highways. TC also manage

7161-509: The safety certification and continuous safety oversight of most forms of commercial operations. These responsibilities are carried out by 6 regions, Atlantic, Quebec, Ontario, Prairie & Northern, Pacific and the sixth region based in Ottawa ( National Capital Region ) is responsible for air operators operating international flights and certain types of large aeroplanes. The Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) are also under Transport Canada control. The Canadian Air Transport Security Authority

7254-506: The same first and middle letters, indicating that this rule might be followed only in Germany. Many cities retain historical names in their airport codes, even after having undergone an official name/spelling/transliteration change: Some airport codes are based on previous names associated with a present airport, often with a military heritage. These include: Some airports are named for an administrative division or nearby city, rather than

7347-399: The southeast corner of the airfield. Gate Gourmet and CLS Catering Services both operate dedicated flight kitchen facilities at Pearson Airport for airline catering services. Aviation fuel is supplied by Esso Avitat (Jet A-1) and Shell Aerocentre (Jet A and A-1), both located in the infield operations area of the airport. FedEx has a large distribution centre on the north side of

7440-500: The station code of Malton, Mississauga , where it is located). YUL is used for Montréal–Trudeau (UL was the ID code for the beacon in the city of Kirkland , now the location of Montréal–Trudeau). While these codes make it difficult for the public to associate them with a particular Canadian city, some codes have become popular in usage despite their cryptic nature, particularly at the largest airports. Toronto's code has entered pop culture in

7533-628: The two largest railroad companies in the country, Canadian Pacific Railway and Canadian National Railway. On June 26, 2013, the Fair Rail Freight Service Act became law which was a response to the Rail Freight Service Review's Final Report. Transport Canada is responsible for the waterways inside and surrounding Canada. These responsibilities include: As of 2003 the Office of Boating Safety and

7626-515: The two-letter code of the radio beacons that were the closest to the actual airport, such as YQX in Gander or YXS in Prince George . Four of the ten provincial capital airports in Canada have ended up with codes beginning with YY, including: Canada's largest airport is YYZ for Toronto Pearson (as YTZ was already allocated to Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport , the airport was given

7719-514: The unit expands into a dedicated 24-hour snow removal team of more than 200 workers tasked with ensuring normal operations at the airport, as Toronto Pearson regularly experiences 110 to 130 centimetres (43 to 51 in) of total snow accumulation in a typical winter season. The airport employs over 94 pieces of snow removal equipment , including 11 Vammas PSB series, four Oshkosh Corporation Snow Products HT-Series snowplow units, and 14 snowmelters . Pearson Airport's Central De-icing Facility

7812-529: The use of two letters allowed only a few hundred combinations; a three-letter system of airport codes was implemented. This system allowed for 17,576 permutations, assuming all letters can be used in conjunction with each other. Since the U.S. Navy reserved "N" codes, and to prevent confusion with Federal Communications Commission broadcast call signs , which begin with "W" or "K", the airports of certain U.S. cities whose name begins with one of these letters had to adopt "irregular" airport codes: This practice

7905-459: Was (and remains) controversial within the private aviation sector because NAV CANADA began charging for services that were previously funded through a specific tax on aviation gasoline. The specific tax remains but separate charges are levied by NAV CANADA. In 2005, the United States was discussing a similar delegation of the FAA's air traffic services to an "arm's-length" government corporation. During

7998-523: Was alleged to have fraudulently charged expenses to the non-existent Mackenzie Valley Pipeline project. This story came to light after repeated efforts by access to information expert Ken Rubin, and repeated denials by the department that the incriminating documents existed or that any impropriety had occurred. Transport Canada was criticized in 2008 for its refusal to approve electric cars manufactured in Canada. In 2017, Transport Canada proposed regulations for drones that were widely criticized. As

8091-448: Was an area northwest of Toronto near the town of Malton in what was then Toronto Township (which would later become Mississauga to avoid confusion with the nearby city of Toronto), which was originally intended to serve as an alternate to the downtown airport but instead would become its successor due to having a much larger space without being constrained by Lake Ontario and Toronto Inner Harbour. The first scheduled passenger flight at

8184-647: Was created in 1935 by the government of William Lyon Mackenzie King in recognition of the changing transportation environment in Canada at the time. It merged three departments: the former Department of Railways and Canals , the Department of Marine, and the Civil Aviation Branch of the Department of National Defence (c. 1927 when it replaced the Air Board ) under C. D. Howe , who would use

8277-812: Was designed by a joint venture known as Airports Architects Canada made up of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill , Adamson Associates Architects and Moshe Safdie and Associates . It contains 58 gates, with two of them being able to accommodate the Airbus A380 . Along with the standard customs and immigration facilities, Terminal 1 also contains special customs "B" checkpoints along the international arrivals walkway. Passengers connecting from an international or trans-border arrival to another international (non-U.S.) departure in Terminal 1 go to one of these checkpoints for passport control and immigration checks, then are immediately directed to Pier E for departure. This alleviates

8370-489: Was found by a journalism student. The memory stick contained many documents showing efforts by security inspectors to enforce aviation security regulations, and the perceived failure of management to do so. The CBC report also detailed the alleged reprisals — and fear of reprisals — against whistleblowers and other employees. Transport Canada's move to Safety Management Systems (SMS) in its regulation of civil aviation has been criticised. Whistleblower Hugh Danford,

8463-415: Was reactivated for summer operations by the GTAA to act as an extension of Terminal 3 with the purpose of providing required additional bridged gates . Passengers are transported by bus between Terminal 3 and the IFC. Effective December 2019, Sunwing Airlines moved their operations from Terminal 3 to the IFC. Due to its intermittent usage for passenger traffic, the Infield Concourse is frequently used as

8556-505: Was renovated and expanded in late 2022 and remains the only "dry" 7-Eleven location in Ontario as Pearson Airport does not allow the bulk sale of alcoholic beverages outside of duty-free areas amid the expansion of the sale of alcoholic beverages to all other 7-Eleven locations and most other convenience stores in Ontario on September 5, 2024, as Pearson Airport is outside the jurisdiction of the Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario (AGCO),

8649-471: Was transferred from the Civil Aviation Branch of the Department of National Defence . Based in Ottawa, the Directorate has regional offices across Canada in geographical regions: Prior to 1990, Transport Canada was responsible for aircraft incident investigation through: After 1990, the role was transferred over to Transportation Safety Board of Canada . As of February 2023, Transport Canada lists

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