139-575: The 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference , more commonly referred to as COP26 , was the 26th United Nations Climate Change conference , held at the SEC Centre in Glasgow , Scotland , United Kingdom , from 31 October to 13 November 2021. The president of the conference was UK cabinet minister Alok Sharma . Delayed for a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic , it was the 26th Conference of
278-572: A COP must be agreed by consensus. The first UN Climate Change Conference was held in 1995 in Berlin. The first UNFCCC Conference of the Parties took place from 28 March to 7 April 1995 in Berlin , Germany. Delegates from 117 Parties and 53 Observer States attended the conference. One of the central issues of COP 1 was the adequacy of individual country commitments, resulting in a mandate to begin
417-608: A big difference to future emissions. Climate finance for adaptation and mitigation was one of the principal topics of negotiation. Poor countries want more money for adaptation, whereas donors prefer to finance mitigation as that has a chance of making a profit. Appointed to the role of Climate Finance Adviser was Mark Carney , former Governor of the Bank of England . The Paris agreement included US$ 100 billion annually in finance by 2020 for developing countries. However, wealthy countries failed to live up to that promise, with members of
556-914: A call to: "accelerating efforts towards... phase-out of inefficient fossil fuel subsidies". 34 countries with several banks and financial agencies pledged to stop international funding for "unabated fossil fuel energy sector by the end of 2022, except in limited and clearly defined circumstances that are consistent with a 1.5°C warming limit and the goals of the Paris Agreement" and increase financing of more sustainable projects, including Canada —the main provider of such finances, France , Germany , Italy and Spain —the biggest financers in European Union . More than 40 countries pledged to move away from coal. The United States and China reached an agreement about cooperation on measures to stop climate change, including lowering methane emissions, phasing out
695-473: A chance to finalize a Protocol that could secure ratification. Specifically, COP-6 was intended to complete work on the two-year Buenos Aires Plan of Action (BAPA), agreed upon at COP-4. However, these groups saw the United States as a roadblock to finalize such a Protocol. The discussions evolved rapidly into a high-level negotiation over the major political issues. These included major controversy over
834-472: A cultural, recreational, sporting and religious nature, even if held in closed places. This measure was described as the largest lockdown in the history of Europe, as well as the most aggressive response taken in any region beyond China, and paralysed the wealthiest parts of the country as Italy attempted to constrain the rapid spread of the disease. Riots broke out in many penitentiaries throughout Italy after restrictions on conjugal visits were imposed by
973-670: A decision on voting rules was deferred to COP 2. COP 2 took place from 8–19 July 1996 in Geneva , Switzerland. Its ministerial declaration was noted (but not adopted) on 18 July 1996, and reflected a United States position statement presented by Timothy Wirth , former Under Secretary for Global Affairs for the United States Department of State at that meeting, which: COP 3 took place on 1–11 December 1997 in Kyoto , Japan. After intensive negotiations, it adopted
1112-473: A driver, or major cause of climate change, making the Glasgow Climate Pact the first ever climate deal to explicitly plan to reduce unabated coal power. The wording in the agreement refers to an intention to "phase down" use of unabated coal power, rather than to phase it out. From this wording it implicitly follows that utilizing coal power with "abation" (net-zero emission), e.g. by neutralizing
1251-499: A group of major car manufacturers such as GM, Ford, Volvo, BYD Auto, Jaguar Land Rover, and Mercedes-Benz have committed to "work towards all sales of new cars and vans being zero emission globally by 2040, and by no later than 2035 in leading markets". Major car manufacturing nations like China, the US, Japan, Germany, and South Korea, as well as Toyota, Volkswagen, Nissan-Renault-Mitsubishi, Stellantis, Honda, and Hyundai had not signed up to
1390-531: A less specific "politically binding" agreement that would punt the most difficult issues into the future". Ministers and officials from 192 countries took part in the Copenhagen meeting and in addition there were participants from a large number of civil society organizations. As many Annex 1 industrialized countries are now reluctant to fulfill commitments under the Kyoto Protocol, a large part of
1529-656: A low emissions global economy. COP 23 was held on 6–17 November 2017. On Friday, 18 November 2016, the end of COP 22, the Chairperson of COP 23 from Fiji announced that it would be held in Bonn, Germany . (COP 23/CMP 13). Fijian Prime Minister and incoming President of COP 23, Frank Bainimarama , on 13 April launched the logo for this year's United Nations Climate Change Conference, to be held at UN Campus, Bonn in November. This conference saw
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#17327648515451668-534: A march against inadequate action at the conference, as well as for other climate change-related issues, became the largest protest in Glasgow since anti-Iraq War marches in 2003 . Additional rallies took place in 100 other countries. The United Kingdom holds the presidency of COP26 until the start of COP27 . Initially, the Minister of State for Energy and Clean Growth , Claire Perry , was appointed as president of
1807-599: A nighttime light projection onto the Tolbooth Steeple was installed, under the Climate Clock initiative. The projected Deadline and Lifeline statistics count the time window before 1.5 °C warming would become inevitable, and the percentage of global energy delivered through renewables , respectively. The Scottish Events Campus (SEC), known as the Blue Zone, temporarily became United Nations territory:
1946-424: A pre-sessional period from 26 November to 1 December 2019 with up to 25 000 delegates scheduled to attend. However, following the 2019 Chilean protests , Chilean President Sebastián Piñera announced Chile's withdrawal from hosting the summit in late October 2019. UN Climate Change Executive Secretary Patricia Espinosa stated that organizers were "exploring alternative hosting options". Then Spain offered, and
2085-673: A process toward individual country action for the period beyond 2000. This included strengthening the commitments of Annex I Parties in Article 4.2(a) and (b). Delegates also established: a pilot phase for Joint Implementation projects; an agreement that the Permanent Secretariat should be located in Bonn, Germany; and the Subsidiary Bodies . Conference delegates did not reach consensus on the Rules of Procedures, and
2224-405: A similar commitment. However, this was the first time that a date for carbon neutrality had been given as part of India's climate policy . Green hydrogen has emerged as one of the major areas where companies can collaborate to help decarbonize hard to abate industries. United Nations Climate Change conference The United Nations Climate Change Conferences are yearly conferences held in
2363-554: A thermal scanner and continued all teaching activities as per normal. The University of Bari suspended all medical- and health-related internships for medical and healthcare students. Politecnico di Milano conducted thesis mentoring for more than one thousand students graduating the following week using Skype . The Italian Winter Sports Federation decided to proceed with the Women's World Cup alpine skiing races at La Thuile, Aosta Valley on 29 February. The MIDO Milan Eyewear Show
2502-602: A timeline and structured negotiation on the post-2012 framework (the end of the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol) was achieved with the adoption of the Bali Action Plan (Decision 1/CP.13). The Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention (AWG-LCA) was established as a new subsidiary body to conduct the negotiations aimed at urgently enhancing the implementation of
2641-643: A total of 150,178,254 vaccine doses have been administered. On 31 December 2019, the Health Commission of Wuhan , Hubei, China, informed the WHO about a cluster of acute pneumonia cases with unknown origin in its province. On 9 January 2020, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) reported the identification of a novel coronavirus (later identified as the SARS-CoV-2 ) as
2780-883: A travel ban covering the areas of Italy affected by the outbreak for US service members and their families. Driver's licence exams were suspended in Lombardy and Veneto. The number of checkpoints in the Red Zones was increased from 15 to 35, and army personnel were sent to help staff the checkpoints. The Italian Basketball Federation suspended all of its championship games, including Lega Basket Serie A . Istituto Tecnico Economico Enrico Tosi in Varese , Istituto Comprensivo di Pianoro in Bologna and Liceo Attilio Bertolucci in Parma conducted lessons for students online while waiting for
2919-522: A video address. With greenhouse gas emissions by China being the world's largest, Reuters said this made it less likely the conference would result in a significant climate deal. However, a Chinese delegation led by climate change envoy Xie Zhenhua did attend. The 2021 global energy crisis intensified pressures on China ahead of the summit. The prime ministers or heads of state of South Africa , Russia , Saudi Arabia , Iran , Mexico , Brazil , Turkey , Malaysia and Vatican City also did not attend
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#17327648515453058-577: A week. Court proceedings were postponed until further notice. The FTSE MIB Index fell by 6% and other stock market indices across Europe were also affected. Over 300,000 calls per day were logged on Lombardy's toll-free line as well as the emergency number 112. Some of the residents inside the Red Zone managed to leave the quarantined areas daily, bypassing the checkpoints by going through back roads. On 25 February, Aviano Air Base closed all schools until 28 February. General Tod D. Walters issued
3197-513: Is due to report in November 2010. The negotiations on extending the Kyoto Protocol had unresolved issues as did the negotiations on a framework for long-term cooperative action. The working groups on these tracks to the negotiations are now due to report to COP 16 and CMP 6 in Mexico. COP 16 was held in Cancún , Mexico, from 28 November to 10 December 2010. The outcome of the summit
3336-425: Is the last piece of the rulebook remaining to be finalized. Although the parties have agreed in principle to avoid double counting of emission reduction across more than one country's greenhouse gas inventory , exactly how much double counting will actually occur remains unclear. Carrying forward pre-2020 Kyoto carbon credits will be discussed, but is highly unlikely to be agreed. Therefore, Article 6 rules could make
3475-500: Is to invest $ 100 million in the transformation of fossil-fired plants into ones based on ammonia and hydrogen fuel . The US and many other countries agreed to limit methane emissions . More than 80 countries signed up to a global methane pledge, agreeing to cut emissions by 30% by the end of the decade. The US and European leaders say tackling the potent greenhouse gas is crucial to keeping warming limited to 1.5 °C (2.7 °F). Australia, China, Russia, India and Iran did not sign
3614-651: The 112 emergency number, instead of going directly to hospitals, in an effort to limit the disease's spread. The Ministry of Health provided a website and a direct line (1500) from which people could obtain the latest updates and information, as well as report suspected cases. Educational trips to destinations in Italy and abroad were suspended. Universities in Lombardy, Veneto, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol , Piedmont and Emilia-Romagna suspended all activities from 23 February until 1 March. On 22 February 2020, Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte suspended all sporting events in
3753-666: The COVID-19 pandemic , in April 2020 the conference was postponed to 31 October – 12 November 2021. Both host countries, Italy and the UK , were heavily affected by the pandemic, and the venue of the conference, the SEC Centre in Glasgow, was converted in May 2020 into a temporary hospital for COVID-19 patients in Scotland . Convention Secretary Patricia Espinosa tweeted that "in light of
3892-770: The Cabinet Office , in order to focus on the presidency full-time. Nigel Topping , the former CEO of climate change action organization We Mean Business, was appointed the UK Government's High Level Climate Action Champion for COP26. Italy partnered with the UK in leading COP26. For the most part, their role was in preparatory work such as the hosting of a pre-COP session and an event for young people called Youth4Climate 2020: Driving Ambition. These events took place between 28 September and 2 October 2020 in Milan . Because of
4031-897: The Kyoto Protocol , which outlined the greenhouse gas emissions reduction obligation for Annex I countries , along with what came to be known as Kyoto mechanisms such as emissions trading, clean development mechanism and joint implementation. In a separate decision of the Conference of Parties, countries agreed to a range of national security exemptions which stated that bunker fuels and emissions from multilateral military operations would not be part of national emissions totals and would be reported outside of those totals. Most industrialized countries and some central European economies in transition (all defined as Annex B countries) agreed to legally binding reductions in greenhouse gas emissions of an average of 6 to 8% below 1990 levels between
4170-471: The OECD behind in their commitments and unlikely to reach the agreed amount before 2023. A group of large finance companies committed to net zero portfolios and loan books by 2050. Scotland became the first country to contribute to a loss and damage fund. South Africa is set to receive $ 8.5 billion to end its reliance on coal , details are sparse regarding capping mines, exports and local community support for
4309-610: The United Arab Emirates , from 30 November to 12 December 2023. In advance to the conference, Pope Francis issued an apostolic exhortation called Laudate Deum in which he calls for brisk action against the climate crisis and condemns climate change denial . At the beginning of November 2023, the Pope announced he would attend the conference and would stay there for 3 days, but unfortunately he had to cancel his trip due to health issues. Charles III , King of
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4448-449: The 2010 level and to net zero around midcentury, as well as deep reductions in other greenhouse gases." However, achieving the target is not ensured, as with existing pledges the emissions in the year 2030 will be 14% higher than in 2010. The final agreement explicitly mentions coal, which is the single biggest contributor to climate change. Previous COP agreements have not mentioned coal, oil or gas , or even fossil fuels in general, as
4587-421: The 2014–2020 period deforestation increased. Indonesia 's environment minister Siti Nurbaya Bakar stated that "forcing Indonesia to zero deforestation in 2030 is clearly inappropriate and unfair". Article 6 of the Paris Agreement , which describes rules for an international carbon market (such as for trees in the deforestation agreement) and other forms of international cooperation, is being discussed as it
4726-555: The BBC, negotiators who may be key to the dealmaking include Xie Zhenhua , Ayman Shasly, Sheikh Hasina and Teresa Ribera . China said it aims to peak CO 2 emissions before 2030 and to become carbon neutral by 2060. It was asked to set a clear earlier date as this would have a very large "positive impact" on the Paris Agreement targets. Officials later said the 2030 target was something to "strive to" and not something to be ensured. Leaders of more than 100 countries with around 85% of
4865-529: The Buenos Aires Plan of Action was adopted. The parties also began discussing the post-Kyoto mechanism, on how to allocate emission reduction obligation following 2012, when the first commitment period ends. COP 11/CMP 1 took place between 28 November and 9 December 2005, in Montreal , Quebec, Canada. It was the first C onference of the Parties serving as the M eeting of the Parties to
5004-627: The Convention up to and beyond 2012. Decision 9/CP.13 is an Amended to the New Delhi work programme. These negotiations took place during 2008 (leading to COP 14/CMP 4 in Poznan, Poland) and 2009 (leading to COP 15/CMP 5 in Copenhagen). COP 14 /CMP 4 took place on 1–12 December 2008 in Poznań , Poland. Delegates agreed on principles for the financing of a fund to help
5143-470: The Convention. The COP 8 was marked by Russia's hesitation, stating that it needed more time to think it over. The Kyoto Protocol could enter into force once it was ratified by 55 countries, including countries responsible for 55 per cent of the developed world's 1990 carbon dioxide emissions. With the United States (36.1 per cent share of developed-world carbon dioxide) and Australia refusing ratification, Russia's agreement (17% of global emissions in 1990)
5282-595: The IPCC. All parties "Recognizing that climate change represents an urgent and potentially irreversible threat to human societies and the planet, and thus requires to be urgently addressed by all Parties". It recognizes the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report goal of a maximum 2 °C global warming and all parties should take urgent action to meet this goal. It also agreed upon greenhouse gas emissions should peak as soon as possible, but recognizing that
5421-558: The Italian National Institute of Health Franco Locatelli announced that swabbing would only be performed on symptomatic patients, as 95% of the swabs previously tested were negative. The Italian Minister of University and Research , Gaetano Manfredi , announced that online lessons would be delivered to students in areas affected by the outbreak starting on 2 March. Palermo and Naples closed all schools until 29 February. The University of Basilicata installed
5560-516: The Italian government suspended all flights to and from China and declared a state of emergency. In February, eleven municipalities in northern Italy were identified as the centres of the two main Italian clusters and placed under quarantine. The majority of positive cases in other regions traced back to these two clusters. On 8 March 2020, Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte expanded the quarantine to all of Lombardy and 14 other northern provinces, and on
5699-457: The Italian health care system and civil protection (€3.2 billion); measures to preserve jobs and support income of laid-off workers and self-employed (€10.3 billion); other measures to support businesses, including tax deferrals and postponement of utility bill payments in most affected municipalities (€6.4 billion); as well as measures to support credit supply (€5.1 billion)." On 19 March, the Army
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5838-533: The Kyoto P rotocol (CMP 1) since their initial meeting in Kyoto in 1997. It was one of the largest intergovernmental conferences on climate change ever. The event marked the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol. Hosting more than 10 000 delegates, it was one of Canada's largest international events ever and the largest gathering in Montreal since Expo 67 . The Montreal Action Plan was an agreement to "extend
5977-824: The Luigi Sacco Hospital in Milan suggested that the majority of newly recorded cases were pre-existing cases that were finally detected during the extensive tests performed on people (and their relatives) who had come in contact with confirmed patients. The rapid increase of positive cases was the result of the blanket testing approach that was deployed following the first confirmed case in Codogno. The Ministry of Health announced new guidelines for reporting cases. It would no longer report asymptomatic cases (positive swabs taken from patients who were not showing symptoms), which had counted as 40 to 50% of all reported cases at
6116-426: The Paris Agreement in mitigation, adaptation and finance flows and means of implementation and support will be measured by global stocktakes , the first of which is due to be completed in 2023. On 13 November 2021, the participating 197 countries agreed to a new deal, known as the Glasgow Climate Pact, aimed at staving off dangerous climate change . The pact "Reaffirms the Paris Agreement temperature goal of holding
6255-488: The Paris Agreement requires parties to carry out a process colloquially known as the ' ratchet mechanism ' every five years to provide improved national pledges . The result of COP26 was the Glasgow Climate Pact , negotiated through consensus of the representatives of the 197 attending parties. Owing to late interventions from India and China that weakened a move to end coal power and fossil fuel subsidies ,
6394-509: The Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the third meeting of the parties to the 2015 Paris Agreement (designated CMA1 , CMA2 , CMA3 ), and the 16th meeting of the parties to the Kyoto Protocol ( CMP16 ). The conference was the first since the Paris Agreement of COP21 that expected parties to make enhanced commitments towards mitigating climate change ;
6533-783: The UNFCCC's charter). The conference was held in Warsaw , Poland from 11 to 23 November 2013. The most prominent result was the adoption of the Warsaw Framework for REDD-plus. The Conference also established the Warsaw International Mechanism (WIM) for Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change Impacts (Loss and Damage Mechanism), to address loss and damage associated with impacts of climate change. This included extreme events and slow onset events, in developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to
6672-665: The United Kingdom , gave the opening address at the summit, his first speech on the climate crisis since becoming monarch. United States president Joe Biden did not attend, with the 2023 Israel–Hamas war and internal US government spending difficulties being cited as possible causes. COVID-19 pandemic in Italy The COVID-19 pandemic in Italy is part of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID-19 ) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ( SARS-CoV-2 ). The virus
6811-539: The United States' proposal to allow credit for carbon "sinks" in forests and agricultural lands that would satisfy a major proportion of the U.S. emissions reductions in this way; disagreements over consequences for non-compliance by countries that did not meet their emission reduction targets; and difficulties in resolving how developing countries could obtain financial assistance to deal with adverse effects of climate change and meet their obligations to plan for measuring and possibly reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In
6950-551: The adverse effects of climate change. On 1–12 December 2014, Lima , Peru, hosted the 20th yearly session of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 10th session of the Meeting of the Parties (CMP) to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol (the protocol having been developed under the UNFCCC's charter). The pre-COP conference was held in Venezuela. The COP 21
7089-590: The aim of strengthening the distribution of intensive care equipment. On 16 March 2020, the Italian government introduced the Cura Italia emergency package, valued at €25 billion and accounting for 1.1% of the GDP. The package was the earliest financial response to the COVID-19 outbreak and aimed at supporting the Italian health care system, as well as its citizens and businesses. It included "funds to strengthen
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#17327648515457228-452: The announced targets are fully achieved. The Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero ( GFANZ ) announced that financial institutions controlling $ 130 trillion were now signed up to 'net zero' emissions pledges by 2050. The world leaders' summit was on 1 and 2 November, with each leader giving a national statement. An important goal of the conference organizers is to keep a 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) temperature rise within reach. According to
7367-556: The areas of support for developing countries and clean development mechanism. The parties adopted a five-year plan of work to support climate change adaptation by developing countries, and agreed on the procedures and modalities for the Adaptation Fund. They also agreed to improve the projects for clean development mechanism. COP 13/CMP 3 took place on 3–15 December 2007, at Nusa Dua , in Bali , Indonesia . Agreement on
7506-560: The cause. In late January 2020, following the developments of COVID-19 outbreak in mainland China , on 3 February, Italy set up enhanced screening measures, including thermal cameras and medical staff at airports. Timeline On 31 January 2020, the Italian Council of Ministers appointed Angelo Borrelli , head of the Civil Protection , as Special Commissioner for the COVID-19 emergency. On 22 February,
7645-420: The closure of museums, cultural centres and ski resorts in the lockdown areas and the closure of cinemas, theatres, pubs, dance schools, game rooms, betting rooms and bingo halls, discos and similar places in the entire country. Civil and religious ceremonies, including funeral ceremonies, were suspended. All organised events were also suspended, as well as events in public or private places, including those of
7784-418: The conference by video message. Bill Gates called for a "green industrial revolution" to beat the climate crisis. The fossil fuel industry was the largest delegation at the conference, with 503 people accredited. In October 2021, China's leader Xi Jinping announced he would not be attending the conference in person and instead delivered a written address as the organizers did not provide an opportunity for
7923-422: The conference ended with the adoption of a less stringent resolution than some anticipated. Nevertheless, the pact was the first climate deal to explicitly commit to reducing the use of coal . It included wording that encouraged more urgent greenhouse gas emissions cuts and promised more climate finance for developing countries to adapt to climate impacts . In the midst of the conference, on 6 November 2021,
8062-414: The conference, Biden apologized for Trump's withdrawal from the agreement. Previous summits have been sponsored by fossil fuel companies . To reduce this influence, the UK government decided that sponsors "have to have real commitments in place to help them reach net zero in the near future". The first principal partners included three British energy companies and a banking and insurance company. Before
8201-453: The conference, but she was removed on 31 January 2020, several months after she had stepped down as an MP . Former Prime Minister David Cameron and former Foreign Secretary William Hague declined to take the role. On 13 February 2020, Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Secretary Alok Sharma was appointed. On 8 January 2021, Sharma was succeeded by Kwasi Kwarteng as Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Secretary and moved to
8340-601: The conference. India, the third-largest emitter of carbon dioxide by jurisdiction , set the latest target date planning to be net-zero by 2070. Japan is to offer up to $ 10 billion in additional funding to support decarbonization in Asia. Earlier in October, China—the largest emitter of carbon dioxide by jurisdiction—had committed to net-zero carbon emissions by 2060, and it was believed by the British government that India would issue
8479-624: The conferences have also served as the "Conference of the Parties Serving as the Meeting of Parties to the Kyoto Protocol" (CMP); also parties to the convention that are not parties to the protocol can participate in protocol-related meetings as observers. From 2011 to 2015, the meetings were used to negotiate the Paris Agreement as part of the Durban platform , which created a general path towards climate action . Any final text of
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#17327648515458618-448: The deal, but it is hoped more countries will join later. Russia demanded sanction relief on green investment projects for energy companies such as Gazprom . Russia's climate envoy Ruslan Edelgeriyev accused Western countries of hypocrisy for urging Russia "to reduce methane leakages and yet we have Gazprom under sanctions". Many attendees committed to net-zero carbon emissions , with India and Japan making specific commitments at
8757-423: The differences that had produced an impasse in The Hague. However, this meeting took place after George W. Bush had become the President of the United States and had rejected the Kyoto Protocol in March 2001; as a result the United States delegation to this meeting declined to participate in the negotiations related to the Protocol and chose to take the role of observer at the meeting. As the other parties negotiated
8896-416: The diplomatic work that lays the foundation for a post-Kyoto agreement was undertaken up to the COP 15. The conference did not achieve a binding agreement for long-term action. A 13-paragraph 'political accord' was negotiated by approximately 25 parties including US and China, but it was only 'noted' by the COP as it is considered an external document, not negotiated within the UNFCCC process. The accord
9035-405: The emergency phone numbers 112 and 118, new dedicated numbers were added for the different regions – Lombardy 800894545, Campania 800909699, Veneto 800462340, Piedmont 800333444 and Emilia-Romagna 800033033. The Ocean Viking , a rescue ship operated by MSF and SOS Mediteranee that was carrying almost 300 migrants, was quarantined for 14 days in Pozzallo , Sicily. Trenitalia and Italo ,
9174-466: The emergency. Venturi was the regional minister of health until February 2020. In the night between 7 and 8 March, the government approved a decree to lock down Lombardy and 14 other provinces in Veneto, Emilia-Romagna, Piedmont and Marche, involving more than 16 million people. The decree "absolutely avoided any movement into and out of the areas" and, like the previous one, it provided sanctions of up to three months in prison for those who violated
9313-463: The end of the session, as they had a right to under the session's rules. In closing the conference, the President said that he would note these objections in his final report. COP 19 was the 19th yearly session of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 9th session of the Meeting of the Parties (CMP) to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol (the protocol having been developed under
9452-420: The event a special initiative on water was presided by Charafat Afailal, Morocco's Minister in Charge of Water and Aziz Mekouar, COP 22 Ambassador for Multilateral Negotiations. Another focal issue was the need to reduce greenhouse emissions and utilize low-carbon energy sources. Peter Thomson , President of the UN General Assembly, called for the transformation of the global economy in all sectors to achieve
9591-414: The final hours of COP 6, despite some compromises agreed between the United States and some EU countries, notably the United Kingdom, the EU countries as a whole, led by Denmark and Germany, rejected the compromise positions, and the talks in The Hague collapsed. Jan Pronk , the President of COP 6, suspended COP 6 without agreement, with the expectation that negotiations would later resume. It
9730-448: The following day to all of Italy, placing more than 60 million people in lockdown . On 11 March 2020, Conte prohibited nearly all commercial activity except for supermarkets and pharmacies. On 21 March, the Italian government closed all non-essential businesses and industries, and restricted movement of people. In May, many restrictions were gradually eased, and on 3 June, freedom of movement across regions and other European countries
9869-429: The framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). They serve as the formal meeting of the UNFCCC parties – the Conference of the Parties (COP) – to assess progress in dealing with climate change , and beginning in the mid-1990s, to negotiate the Kyoto Protocol to establish legally binding obligations for developed countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions . Starting in 2005
10008-509: The framework of the Paris Agreement, each country is expected to submit enhanced nationally determined contributions every five years, to ratchet up the ambition to mitigate climate change. When the Paris Agreement was signed at COP21 , the conference of 2020 was set to be the first ratcheting up. Even though the 2020 conference was postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, dozens of countries still had not updated their pledges by early October 2021. Collective progress towards implementation of
10147-560: The government announced a new decree imposing the quarantine of more than 50,000 people from 11 municipalities in Northern Italy . The quarantine zones are called the Red Zones and the areas in Lombardy and Veneto outside of them are called the Yellow Zones. Penalties for violations range from a €206 fine to three months of imprisonment. The Italian military and law enforcement agencies were instructed to secure and implement
10286-697: The government in the 8 March decree. Nine prisoners died in Modena and three in Rieti , while 76 detainees escaped from Foggia 's penitentiary. Two prison agents were assaulted and kidnapped in Pavia . On 9 March in Bologna , detainees took control of the Dozza penitentiary, forcing personnel to exit the building. On 11 March, two prisoners were found dead in Bologna's penitentiary. In total, fourteen prisoners died in
10425-472: The greenhouse gas emissions reduction obligation, the first two non-Annex countries to do so. COP 5 took place between 25 October and 5 November 1999, in Bonn , Germany. It was primarily a technical meeting, and did not reach major conclusions. 165 Parties were represented at the conference. Conference delegates continued their work toward fulfilling the Buenos Aires Plan of Action (BAPA) adopted at COP 4. In
10564-410: The increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels" and "Recognizes that limiting global warming to 1.5 °C requires rapid, deep and sustained reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions, including reducing global carbon dioxide emissions by 45 per cent by 2030 relative to
10703-608: The key issues, agreement was reached on most of the major political issues, to the surprise of most observers, given the low expectations that preceded the meeting. The agreements included: A number of operational details attendant upon these decisions remained to be negotiated and agreed upon, and these were the major issues considered by the COP ;7 meeting that followed. At the COP 7 meeting in Marrakech , Morocco, from 29 October to 10 November 2001, negotiators wrapped up
10842-511: The last three days of the Carnival of Ivrea . La Scala , Milan Cathedral and Piccolo Teatro in Milan, as well as St Mark's Basilica in Venice, were closed until further notice. A Giorgio Armani fashion show, which was scheduled on Sunday, the last day of Milan Fashion Week 2020, went ahead without any media or buyers present; it was instead streamed live online. In addition to
10981-531: The last two days of the Conference, COP 5 adopted 32 draft decisions and conclusions related to the review of the implementation of commitments. Despite reaching no major conclusions, COP-5 served as an important "intermediate step" laying out the difficult path to finalizing the Kyoto Protocol at COP-6. COP 6 took place on 13–25 November 2000, in The Hague , Netherlands. Many in the international community and domestic environmental groups saw this meeting as
11120-597: The launch of the Powering Past Coal Alliance . COP 24 was held on 3–14 December 2018 in Katowice , Poland. The Polish government's vision for presidency states that the organisation of COP 24 will provide an opportunity for convincing other countries that Poland does not hamper the process of tackling dangerous climate change and that Poland is one of the leaders of this process. The Climate Change Conference of UNFCCC Subsidiary Bodies
11259-516: The life of the Kyoto Protocol beyond its 2012 expiration date and negotiate deeper cuts in greenhouse-gas emissions". Canada's environment minister at the time, Stéphane Dion , said the agreement provides a "map for the future". COP 12/CMP 2 took place on 6–17 November 2006 in Nairobi , Kenya. At the meeting, BBC reporter Richard Black coined the phrase "climate tourists" to describe some delegates who attended "to see Africa, take snaps of
11398-599: The lockdown. Schools were closed in ten municipalities in Lombardy, one in Veneto and one in Emilia Romagna. All public events were cancelled and commercial activities open to the public were halted or were allowed to resume only until 6 pm. All religious services were cancelled. Regional train services to the most affected areas were suspended, with trains skipping stops at Codogno, Maleo and Casalpusterlengo stations. People with symptoms were advised to call
11537-437: The lockdown. It was possible to move into and out of the areas only for emergencies or "proven working needs", which must be authorised by the prefect . The decree also established the closure of all gyms, swimming pools, spas and wellness centres. Shopping centres had to be closed on weekends, while other commercial activities could remain open if a distance of one metre between customers could be guaranteed. The decree imposed
11676-478: The main one", including holiday homes, during weekends and holidays. On 21 March, Conte announced further restrictions within the nationwide lockdown, by halting all non-essential production, industries and businesses in Italy, following the rise in the number of new cases and deaths in the previous days. This measure had also been strongly asked for by multiple institutions, including trade unions, mayors, and regional presidents, as well as medical professionals, but
11815-500: The major providers for Italy's high-speed trains, ordered the installation of hand-sanitiser dispensers on all trains as well as the distribution of masks, disposable gloves and disinfectants to all onboard staff members. Supermarkets in Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna were emptied by customers as residents stockpiled food and supplies. Streets, parks and train stations in multiple cities in Lombardy were left deserted. On 24 February 500 additional police officers were assigned to patrol
11954-619: The meeting. Russian president Vladimir Putin said his non-attendance was due to concerns relating to the COVID-19 pandemic. Iranian president Ebrahim Raisi did not attend; a formal request had been made by Struan Stevenson and Iranian exiles of the National Council of Resistance of Iran to the Scotland police, to arrest Raisi for crimes against humanity if he attended based on the legal concept of universal jurisdiction . Saudi crown prince Mohammed bin Salman also did not attend
12093-697: The months before the conference, the British government had restrictions on travel from certain countries in place, and COVID passports were required in certain venues. Critics suggested unequal deployment of COVID-19 vaccines worldwide could exclude the participation of representatives of poorer countries most affected by climate change. The UK subsequently relaxed travel rules for delegations. Only four Pacific Islands nations sent delegations due to COVID-19 travel restrictions, with most island nations compelled to send smaller teams than they otherwise would have. Organizers have in place numerous COVID-19 rules for attendees, dependent on vaccination status. On 4 June 2021,
12232-506: The new executive decree. On 11 March, the government allocated 25 billion euros for the emergency. In the evening, Conte announced a tightening of the lockdown, with all commercial and retail businesses except those providing essential services, like grocery shops and pharmacies, closed down. He also appointed Domenico Arcuri as Delegated Commissioner for the Emergency. Arcuri will cooperate with Commissioner Angelo Borrelli with
12371-517: The official count. In May 2020, the Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istat) estimated 11,000 more deaths for COVID-19 in Italy than the confirmed ones. This estimation was later confirmed in October 2020 by a second Istat report. In March 2021, Istat published a new report in which it detected an excess mortality of 100,526 deaths in 2020, compared to the average of the previous five years. Moreover, 2020 became
12510-537: The ongoing, worldwide effects of COVID-19, holding an ambitious, inclusive, COP26 in November 2020 is not possible." She also indicated that economies restarting would be an opportunity to "shape the 21st-century economy in ways that are clean, green, healthy, just, safe and more resilient." The rearranged date was announced in May 2020. Earlier in 2021, the UK and Italy hosted summits of the G7 and G20 , respectively. Independent observers noted that though not directly related,
12649-638: The other main venue is the Green Zone at Glasgow Science Centre . The summit was described as receiving "the cleanest electricity in the UK", as 70% was supplied from low-carbon nuclear power from plants in Torness and Hunterston B , while the rest mostly came from wind power . The provision of medical services for the event was provided by BASICS Scotland , Amvale Medical and the Scottish Ambulance Service. The medical centre
12788-524: The outbreak. The Ministry of Health announced that it had engaged 31 laboratories in Italy to carry out the analysis of swabs from suspected COVID-19 cases. Minister Roberto Speranza appointed Walter Ricciardi, a member of World Health Organization 's executive committee and former president of Italian National Institute of Health , as a special adviser for relations between Italy and international health organisations. Filming of Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One starring Tom Cruise in Venice
12927-408: The parties also agreed to review the first national reports submitted by 110 non-Annex I countries. COP 10 took place on 6–17 December 2004. COP 10 discussed the progress made since the first Conference of the Parties 10 years ago and its future challenges, with special emphasis on climate change mitigation and adaptation. To promote developing countries better adapt to climate change,
13066-400: The period post 2020. There was also progress regarding the creation of a Green Climate Fund (GCF) for which a management framework was adopted. The fund is to distribute US$ 100 billion per year to help poor countries adapt to climate impacts. While the president of the conference, Maite Nkoana-Mashabane , declared it a success, scientists and environmental groups warned that the deal
13205-454: The pledge. New pledges for financial help for climate change mitigation and adaptation were announced. Climate Action Tracker on 9 November 2021, described the results as follows: the global temperature will rise by 2.7 °C by the end of the century with current policies. The temperature will rise by 2.4 °C if only the pledges for 2030 are implemented, by 2.1 °C if the long-term targets are also achieved and by 1.8 °C if all
13344-481: The police forces in enforcing the lockdown. On 20 March, the Ministry of Health ordered tighter regulations on free movement. The new measures banned open-air sports and running, except individually and in close proximity of one's residence. Parks, playgrounds, and public green were closed down. Furthermore, movement across the country was further restricted, by banning "any movement towards a residence different from
13483-582: The poorest nations cope with the effects of climate change and they approved a mechanism to incorporate forest protection into the efforts of the international community to combat climate change. Negotiations on a successor to the Kyoto Protocol were the primary focus of the conference. COP 15 took place in Copenhagen , Denmark , on 7–18 December 2009. The overall goal for the COP 15/CMP 5 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Denmark
13622-552: The postponement gave the international community time to respond to the outcome of the United States presidential election , held in November 2020. President Donald Trump had withdrawn the United States from the Paris Agreement, although this could not take effect until the day after the election; while his Democratic challengers pledged to immediately rejoin and increase ambition to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions . Joe Biden did so upon being elected as president. At
13761-533: The process at some point and worked to achieve ratification of the Kyoto Protocol by the requisite number of countries to bring it into force (55 countries needed to ratify it, including those accounting for 55% of developed-country emissions of carbon dioxide in 1990). The date of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (August–September 2002) was put forward as a target to bring the Kyoto Protocol into force. The World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD)
13900-544: The quarantined areas in Lodi and Veneto. Additional toll-free numbers were added for other regions — Aosta Valley 800122121, Trentino Alto Adige 800751751, Friuli-Venezia Giulia 800500300, Toscana 800556060, Umbria 800636363, Marche 800936677 and Lazio 800118800. The governor of Basilicata , Vito Bardi , instituted a mandatory 14-day quarantine for people arriving from areas in Northern Italy affected by
14039-633: The regions of Lombardy and Veneto, which included three Serie A football matches in those regions, as well as one in Piedmont , that were to be played the following day. The following week, six Serie A matches were initially to be played behind closed doors, but all were later suspended, as were two Coppa Italia matches. Authorities in Veneto cancelled the last two days of the Carnival of Venice on 23 February. Authorities in Piedmont cancelled
14178-443: The remaining issues unresolved in Kyoto would be finalized at this meeting. However, the complexity and difficulty of finding agreement on these issues proved insurmountable, and instead the parties adopted a two-year "Buenos Aires Plan of Action" (BAPA) to advance efforts and to devise mechanisms for implementing the Kyoto Protocol, to be completed by 2000. During COP 4, Argentina and Kazakhstan expressed their commitment to take on
14317-464: The resulting carbon dioxide via the CO 2 -to-stone process, need not be reduced. However, this carbon capture and storage is too expensive for most coal fired power stations . Over 140 countries pledged to reach net-zero emissions. This includes 90% of global GDP. More than 100 countries, including Brazil, pledged to reverse deforestation by 2030. The final text of the Glasgow Climate Pact include
14456-408: The schools to reopen. The University of Palermo suspended all activities until 9 March. Morgan Stanley , Barclays , Mediobanca and UniCredit encouraged remote work by Milan staff. Multiple fairs and exhibitions were rescheduled. Salone del Mobile was postponed to 16 to 21 June. Bologna Children's Book Fair was rescheduled to 4 to 7 May. Cosmoprof Worldwide Bologna, a cosmetic fair,
14595-450: The shutdown of all schools and universities nationwide for two weeks as the country reached 100 deaths from the outbreak. The same day, the government ruled that all sporting events in Italy would be played behind closed doors until 3 April. On 5 March, when the newly appointed Emilia-Romagna regional minister of health, Raffale Donini, tested positive for COVID-19, Governor Stefano Bonaccini appointed Sergio Venturi as commissioner for
14734-557: The summit councils in and around Glasgow pledged to plant 18 million trees during the following decade: the Clyde Climate Forest (CCF) is projected to increase tree coverage in the urban areas of the Greater Glasgow region to 20%. In September 2021, the conference was urged by Climate Action Network to ensure attendees would be able to attend in spite of travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic . In
14873-536: The summit. Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro , who faced international condemnation over rising deforestation of the Amazon rainforest , also decided not to attend the summit personally. The non-attendance of both Putin and Xi received criticism from U.S. president Joe Biden and former American president Barack Obama. Myanmar and Afghanistan were entirely absent; both countries had their UN-recognized governments ousted militarily in 2021. The Myanmar military junta
15012-573: The threshold for adoption was reached with over 55 countries representing at least 55% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions ratifying the Agreement. COP 22 was held in Marrakech , in the North African country of Morocco, on 7–18 November 2016. A focal issue of COP 22 is that of water scarcity , water cleanliness, and water-related sustainability , a major problem in the developing world , including many African states. Prior to
15151-432: The time frame for peaking will be longer in developing countries, since social and economic development and poverty eradication are the first and overriding priorities of developing countries . The 2011 COP 17 was held in Durban, South Africa , from 28 November to 9 December 2011. The conference agreed to a start negotiations on a legally binding deal comprising all countries, to be adopted in 2015, governing
15290-465: The time. These people would undergo isolation at home and would be followed up with new tests until they were negative. Universities in Lombardy extended their closure until 7 March. On 1 March, the Council of Ministers approved a decree to organise the containment of the outbreak. In the decree, the Italian national territory was divided into three areas: On 4 March, the Italian government imposed
15429-490: The use of coal-fired power stations . COP 27 was originally expected to take place in November 2021, but was moved to 2022 due to the rescheduling of COP 26 from 2020 to 2021. It took place in Sharm El Sheikh , Egypt. It led to an agreement on loss and damage , under which rich countries could compensate poor countries for damage caused by climate change. COP 28 took place at Expo City Dubai, in
15568-636: The use of coal, and forest conservation. 39 countries and institutions signed the Glasgow Statement , an international agreement to shift international public finance away from fossil fuels towards clean energy. If implemented properly, the Glasgow Statement will shift $ 28 billion per year from fossil fuels to clean energy. India promised to draw half of its energy requirement from renewable sources by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2070. Governments of 24 developed countries and
15707-500: The whole country. On 9 March, the government announced that all sporting events in Italy would be cancelled until at least 3 April, but the ban did not include Italian clubs or national teams participating in international competitions. In the evening, Conte announced in a press conference that all measures previously applied only in the so-called "red zones" had been extended to the whole country, putting approximately 60 million people in lockdown. Conte later proceeded to officially sign
15846-414: The wildlife, the poor, dying African children and women". Black also noted that due to delegates concerns over economic costs and possible losses of competitiveness, the majority of the discussions avoided any mention of reducing emissions. Black concluded that was a disconnect between the political process and the scientific imperative. Despite such criticism, certain strides were made at COP12, including in
15985-555: The work on the Buenos Aires Plan of Action, finalizing most of the operational details and setting the stage for nations to ratify the Kyoto Protocol. The completed package of decisions is known as the Marrakech Accords . The United States delegation maintained its observer role, declining to participate actively in the negotiations. Other parties continued to express hope that the United States would re-engage in
16124-419: The workers in the industry. Countries including Chile , Poland , Ukraine , South Korea , Indonesia and Vietnam also agreed to phase out coal in the 2030s for major economies, and the 2040s for poorer nations. These nations include some of the world's most intensive users of coal. However, they do not include the world's largest users of the fuel, China , India , and the United States of America . Japan
16263-609: The world's forests, including Canada , Russia , the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the United States , agreed to end deforestation by 2030, improving on a similar 2014 agreement by now including Brazil , Indonesia , businesses and more financial resources. Signatories of the 2014 agreement, the New York Declaration on Forests , pledged to half deforestation by 2020 and end it by 2030; however, in
16402-549: The year with the highest number of deaths since 1945, when Italy was fighting in World War II on its soil. During the peak of the pandemic, Italy's number of active cases was one of the highest in the world. As of 17 March 2023 , Italy has 141,988 active cases. Overall, there have been 26,826,486 confirmed cases and 197,542 deaths (a rate of 3,313.401 deaths per million population), while there have been 25,320,467 recoveries or dismissals. As of 4 February 2023,
16541-464: The years 2008–2012, defined as the first emissions budget period. The United States would be required to reduce its total emissions an average of 7% below 1990 levels; however Congress did not ratify the treaty after Clinton signed it. The Bush administration explicitly rejected the protocol in 2001. COP 4 took place on 2–14 November 1998 in Buenos Aires , Argentina. It had been expected that
16680-544: Was an agreement adopted by the states' parties that called for the US$ 100 billion per annum " Green Climate Fund ", and a "Climate Technology Centre" and network. However the funding of the Green Climate Fund was not agreed upon. Nor was a commitment to a second period of the Kyoto Protocol agreed upon, but it was concluded that the base year shall be 1990 and the global warming potentials shall be those provided by
16819-491: Was appointed, as the new host. COP 26 was originally scheduled to take place from 9 to 19 November 2020, in Glasgow , United Kingdom, but was postponed to 31 October to 12 November 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic . Among other things, this conference led to the development of the Accelerating to Zero coalition to accelerate the phase-out of fossil fuel vehicles , and the Glasgow Climate Pact to "phase down"
16958-435: Was blocked from entry to the summit. Six exiled Afghan climate experts had their applications rejected by the UNFCCC. Additionally, the island nation of Kiribati did not send participants, while fellow island nations Vanuatu and Samoa registered but did not send a delegation. Under the Paris Agreement, countries submitted pledges called nationally determined contributions , to limit their greenhouse gas emissions. Under
17097-623: Was convened in Bonn, Germany, from 17 to 27 June 2019. The 25th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 25) to the UNFCCC was planned to take place from 11 to 22 November 2019 in Brazil. Upon election as President of Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro withdrew Brazil from hosting the event. COP 25 was then planned to take place in Parque Bicentenario Cerrillos in Santiago de Chile, Chile from 2 to 13 December with
17236-471: Was deployed to the city of Bergamo , the worst hit Italian city by COVID-19, as the local authorities can no longer process the number of dead residents. The city's mayor Giorgio Gori said the true number of dead could be much higher than reported. Army trucks transported bodies to crematoriums in several other cities, as cemeteries in the city were full. On the following day, the Army was called in to assist
17375-604: Was first confirmed to have spread to Italy on 31 January 2020, when two Chinese tourists in Rome tested positive for the virus. One week later an Italian man repatriated to Italy from the city of Wuhan , China, was hospitalized and confirmed as the third case in Italy. Clusters of cases were later detected in Lombardy and Veneto on 21 February, with the first deaths on 22 February. By the beginning of March, there had been confirmed cases in all regions of Italy. On 31 January,
17514-555: Was halted. Major companies such as IBM , Enel , Luxottica , PricewaterhouseCoopers and Vodafone continued to allow remote work by employees. Generali Tower in Milan and Palazzo Madama in Rome installed thermal scanners to measure temperatures of visitors and employees. FAO Headquarters in Rome conducted temperature checks on visitors entering the building. Multiple regions in Italy such as Liguria , Trentino Alto Adige, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Abruzzo and Marche decided to close all schools and universities for two days to
17653-504: Was held in Paris from 30 November to 12 December 2015. Negotiations resulted in the adoption of the Paris Agreement on 12 December, governing climate change reduction measures from 2020. The adoption of this agreement ended the work of the Durban platform, established during COP 17. The agreement entered into force (and thus become fully effective) on 4 November 2016. On 4 October 2016
17792-434: Was initially opposed by the industrialists. On 24 March, in a live-streamed press conference, Conte announced a new decree approved by the Council of Ministers. The decree imposed higher fines for the violation of the restrictive measures, and regulation of the relationship between government and Parliament during the emergency. It included also the possibility of reducing or suspending public and private transport, and gave
17931-472: Was later announced that the COP 6 meetings (termed "COP 6 bis") would be resumed in Bonn , Germany, in the second half of July. The next regularly scheduled meeting of the parties to the UNFCCC, COP 7, had been set for Marrakech, Morocco , in October–November 2001. COP 6 negotiations resumed on 16–27 July 2001, in Bonn , Germany, with little progress having been made in resolving
18070-606: Was named COP26 People's Advocate, spoke at the summit. Australian prime minister Scott Morrison spoke. Czech prime minister Andrej Babiš denounced the proposed European Union Fit for 55 laws, part of the European Green Deal , saying that the bloc "can achieve nothing without the participation of the largest polluters such as China or the USA". Prince Charles addressed the opening ceremony in person. Queen Elizabeth , having been advised to rest by doctors, addressed
18209-580: Was not sufficient to avoid global warming beyond 2 °C as more urgent action is needed. Qatar hosted COP 18 which took place in Doha , Qatar, from 26 November to 7 December 2012. The Conference produced a package of documents collectively titled The Doha Climate Gateway . The documents collectively contained: The conference made little progress towards the funding of the Green Climate Fund . Russia, Belarus and Ukraine objected at
18348-497: Was notable in that it referred to a collective commitment by developed countries for new and additional resources, including forestry and investments through international institutions, that will approach US$ 30 billion for the period 2010–2012. Longer-term options on climate financing mentioned in the accord are being discussed within the UN Secretary General's High Level Advisory Group on Climate Financing , which
18487-412: Was required to meet the ratification criteria and therefore Russia could delay the process. COP 9 took place on 1–12 December 2003 in Milan , Italy . The parties agreed to use the Adaptation Fund established at COP 7 in 2001 primarily in supporting developing countries better adapt to climate change. The fund would also be used for capacity-building through technology transfer. At COP 9,
18626-567: Was rescheduled to 11 to 15 June. Expocasa, a furniture fair in Turin, was rescheduled initially to 28 March to 5 April but later to a future date to be announced later. Roma Motodays was postponed to 17 to 19 April. Italy opened a probe into skyrocketing online prices for masks and sanitising gels. Police issued warnings that criminals were using false identities and posing as health inspectors to gain access to people's homes to steal money, jewellery and other valuables. On 26 February, Director of
18765-718: Was rescheduled to 5 to 7 July. On 27 February, Taranto , Apulia closed all schools until 29 February. Multiple schools were closed in Roseto degli Abruzzi. D'Annunzio University suspended all activities until 29 February. Cartoocomics Fair in Milan was rescheduled to 2 to 4 October. The Winter Rescue Race in Piedmont was cancelled. University of Bologna planned to set up a remote teaching project in which exams and lessons would be delivered to students online, to be partially completed on 2 March. Messina closed all schools from 29 February to 3 March. On 28 February, during an interview with Rai News24 , Professor Massimo Galli from
18904-414: Was restored. In October, Italy was hit by the second wave of the pandemic, which brought the government to introduce further restrictions on movement and social life, which were gradually eased in mid-2021. By 18 January, Italy had tested about 48 million people. Due to the limited number of tests performed, the real number of infected people in Italy, as in other countries, is estimated to be higher than
19043-652: Was to be held in Johannesburg , South Africa. The main decisions at COP 7 included: Taking place from 23 October to 1 November 2002, in New Delhi COP ;8 adopted the Delhi Ministerial Declaration that, amongst others, called for efforts by developed countries to transfer technology and minimize the impact of climate change on developing countries. It is also approved the New Delhi work programme on Article 6 of
19182-479: Was to establish an ambitious global climate agreement for the period from 2012 when the first commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol expires. However, on 14 November 2009, the New York Times announced that "President Obama and other world leaders have decided to put off the difficult task of reaching a climate change agreement... agreeing instead to make it the mission of the Copenhagen conference to reach
19321-1149: Was visited by both Scottish National Clinical Director Jason Leitch and Scottish Health Secretary Humza Yousaf during the conference. Twenty-five thousand delegates from nearly 200 countries were expected to attend, and around 120 heads of state came. Among the attendees were UN secretary-general António Guterres , United States president Joe Biden , Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau , Dutch prime minister Mark Rutte , Egyptian president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi , European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen , French president Emmanuel Macron , German chancellor Angela Merkel , Spanish prime minister Pedro Sánchez , Indian prime minister Narendra Modi , Indonesian president Joko Widodo , Israeli prime minister Naftali Bennett , Japanese prime minister Fumio Kishida , Nigerian president Muhammadu Buhari , Polish prime minister Mateusz Morawiecki , Swedish prime minister Stefan Löfven , and Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky Former United States president Barack Obama and English broadcaster and natural historian David Attenborough , who
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