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106-591: Sculptor and theme park artist Claude Bell began construction of the dinosaurs in 1964 with the goal of attracting more customers to his nearby restaurant, the Wheel Inn (open from 1958 to 2013). Dinny and Mr. Rex were completed in 1975 and 1986, respectively. Bell died in 1988 at age 91 and his family sold the property in the mid-1990s. The new ownership turned the attraction into a roadside creationist museum in 2005, but creationist material has since been removed. Claude K. Bell (1896–1988) began his artistic career as

212-433: A common primordial origin into the diverse forms observed in the fossil record and present today. Evolutionary theory remains the only explanation that fully accounts for all the observations, measurements, data, and evidence discovered in the fields of biology , ecology , anatomy , physiology , zoology , paleontology , molecular biology , genetics , anthropology , and others. As such, young Earth creationism

318-1509: A young Earth creationist view that the Earth and life on Earth were created some 6,000 to 10,000 years ago in six days. These facilities generally promote pseudoscientific biblical literalist creationism and contest evolutionary science. Their claims are dismissed by the scientific community. Australia [ edit ] Jurassic Ark, located in Bells Bridge , Gympie , Queensland . Canada [ edit ] Big Valley Creation Science Museum , located in Big Valley , Alberta . Creation Truth Ministries Travelling Museum, located in Red Deer , Alberta . China [ edit ] Noah's Ark , located in Hong Kong . Mexico [ edit ] Waldemar Julsrud Museum , located in Acámbaro . United Kingdom [ edit ] Creation Research Centre, located in Oswestry, Shropshire . Genesis Expo , located in Portsmouth, Hampshire . Noah's Ark Zoo Farm , located in Wraxall, Somerset , whilst not strictly speaking

424-518: A " hyperbaric biosphere " intended to reproduce the atmospheric conditions before the Flood which could grow dinosaurs. The proprietor Carl Baugh says that these conditions made creatures grow larger and live longer, so that humans of that time were giants. As the term "dinosaur" was coined by Richard Owen in 1842, the Bible does not use the word "dinosaur". Some creationist organizations propose that

530-417: A 24-hour day or a long or unspecified time; but argue that, whenever the latter interpretation is used, it includes a preposition defining the long or unspecified period. In the specific context of Genesis 1 , since the days are both numbered and are referred to as "evening and morning", this can mean only normal-length days. Further, they argue that the 24-hour day is the only interpretation that makes sense of

636-589: A Creationist Museum" . Vice . Retrieved April 24, 2017 . ^ Clock, Michele. "Literal interpretation of Bible is illustrated" Archived 2017-04-24 at the Wayback Machine , San Diego Union-Tribune , February 3, 2007. Accessed September 2, 2008. ^ "A Key Encounter" . A Key Encounter Nature Theater and Planetarium . Archived from the original on May 16, 2017 . Retrieved April 24, 2017 . ^ "Creation Adventures Museum" . Creation Adventures Museum . Archived from

742-463: A cedar"; the behemoth is described as ranking "first among the works of God" and as impossible to capture (vs. 24). Biblical scholars have alternatively identified the behemoth as either an elephant, a hippopotamus , or a bull, but some creationists have identified the behemoth with sauropod dinosaurs, often specifically the Brachiosaurus according to their interpretation of the verse "He

848-529: A cost of $ 27 million, includes exhibits of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden accompanied by dinosaurs . Fossils are said to have been created in the biblical flood during the days of Noah . Plans for the museum date back to 1996. Ark Encounter is a Christian theme park that opened in Grant County, Kentucky on July 7, 2016. The centerpiece of the park is a full-scale model of Noah's Ark from

954-424: A cost of $ 300,000 (equivalent to $ 527,008 in 2022) Bell had plans to construct a second dinosaur, a Tyrannosaurus rex , as early as 1970. "It's taken so long for this first one," he said, "because Ralph and I had to make our own special machinery – steel benders, an elevator out of an old truck, stuff like that--to get started. From here on it will be smooth sailing. We'll have our second dinosaur up and finished

1060-402: A day-age theory of indefinite 'days'. He subscribed to the latter theory (indefinite days) and found support from the side of Yale professor James Dwight Dana , one of the fathers of mineralogy , who wrote a paper consisting of four articles named 'Science and the Bible' on the topic. As many biblical scholars reinterpreted Genesis 1 in the light of Lyell's geological results with the support of

1166-408: A flash flood rendered them unusable for official state construction. Bell was allowed to remove the materials in exchange for clearing them from state property. The biomorphic building was first erected as steel framework over which an expanded metal grid was formed in the shape of a dinosaur. Bell worked with engineer Ralph Titus to weld steel girders into the "ribs" of the dinosaur and then to wrap

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1272-451: A lot of damage' Archived 2009-11-02 at the Wayback Machine , This Is Bristol , September 23, 2008. ^ "Adam, Eve and T. Rex" , by Ashley Powers, Los Angeles Times , August 27, 2005. Retrieved August 14, 2008. ^ "California Cabazon Dinosaurs Est 1975" . Cabazon Dinosaurs . Retrieved April 24, 2017 . ^ Taete, Jamie Lee Curtis (September 4, 2013). "Pee-Wee Herman's Dinosaurs Are Actually

1378-477: A metaphorical interpretation of the Genesis creation account. Since the mid-20th century, young Earth creationists—starting with Henry Morris (1918–2006)—have developed and promoted a pseudoscientific explanation called creation science as a basis for a religious belief in a supernatural, geologically recent creation, in response to the scientific acceptance of Charles Darwin 's Theory of Evolution , which

1484-560: A more complete discussion. As a position that developed out of the explicitly anti-intellectual side of the Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy in the early parts of the twentieth century, there is no single unified nor consistent consensus on how creationism as a belief system ought to reconcile its adherents' acceptance of biblical inerrancy with empirical facts of the Universe. Although young Earth creationism

1590-480: A museum, represents creationism as scientific fact. United States [ edit ] California [ edit ] Cabazon Dinosaurs , located in Cabazon, California , are best known for their appearance in the film Pee Wee's Big Adventure . When the attraction's original owner died in 2005, the roadside dinosaurs were sold and turned into a museum promoting creationism. Unlike other creationist museums,

1696-470: A number of renowned (Christian) scientific scholars, Developmentalism, a form of theistic evolution based on Darwin's Natural selection, grew in acceptance. This 19th century trend was contested. The scriptural geologists and later the founders of the Victoria Institute opposed the decline of support for a biblically literal young Earth. The rise of fundamentalist Christianity early in

1802-1204: A one-eyed kitten and a supposed chupacabra from Texas. North Carolina [ edit ] Creation Museum, Taxidermy Hall of Fame of North Carolina, and Antique Tool Museum, located in Southern Pines, North Carolina . Ohio [ edit ] Akron Fossils & Science Center , located in Akron / Copley , Ohio . Oklahoma [ edit ] Museum of Creation Truth, located in Bokchito, Oklahoma . South Dakota [ edit ] Grand River Museum , located in Lemmon, South Dakota . Tennessee [ edit ] Wyatt Museum, located in Cornersville, Tennessee . Texas [ edit ] Creation Evidence Museum , located in Glen Rose, Texas . ICR Discovery Center for Science & Earth History , located in Dallas, Texas , operated by

1908-407: A prehistoric garden were drafted but never completed due to Bell's death in 1988. Following Bell's death, his wife Anna Marie sought to fulfill his goal of developing an amusement park. In 1992, plans were announced for a 60-acre attraction called Dinosaur Village, featuring 12 animated dinosaurs in addition to the existing sculptures. Other amenities were to include an arcade, children's rides, and

2014-439: A similar question in 2019, 40 percent of US adults held the view that "God created [human beings] in their present form within roughly the past 10,000 years." Among the biggest young Earth creationist organizations are Answers in Genesis , Institute for Creation Research and Creation Ministries International . Young Earth creationists have claimed that their view has its earliest roots in ancient Judaism, citing, for example,

2120-508: A sound scientific basis... then the entire evolutionary cosmology, at least in its present neo-Darwinian form, will collapse. This in turn would mean that every anti-Christian system and movement (communism, racism, humanism , libertarianism , behaviorism , and all the rest) would be deprived of their pseudo-intellectual foundation", "It [evolution] has served effectively as the pseudo-scientific basis of atheism , agnosticism, socialism, fascism, and numerous faulty and dangerous philosophies over

2226-537: A strong stand on the age of the Earth, special creation, or even the identity of the designer. Young Earth creationists disagree with the methodological naturalism that is part of the scientific method . Instead, they assert the actions of God as described in the Bible occurred as written and therefore only scientific evidence that points to the Bible being correct can be accepted. See Creation–evolution controversy for

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2332-441: A teenager sculpting teddy bears in the sand on the beach at Atlantic City, New Jersey in front of a wooden building that was shaped like an elephant. Tips from passersby encouraged him, and before long he was making a living with his sand sculptures at state and county fairs across the country. In 1947, Walter Knott hired him to create concrete sculptures of figures sitting on the benches at Knott's Berry Farm . Bell also operated

2438-575: A theater for simulator ride programming. However, these plans failed to materialize, and by 1995 the property had been purchased by Gary Kanter of Minkoff and Kanter Associates. MKA Partnership obtained approval for an expansion of the Cabazon dinosaur site in 1996 with the land-use approvals, including restaurants, a museum and gift shop, and a 60-room motel at the Main Street exit in Cabazon. Orange County developer and MKA partner Gary Kanter said

2544-1123: A worldwide flood left behind beds of fossils that can be found all around the world, including on high plateaus and mountain ranges. The museum displays portraits of people the museum identifies as evolutionists , such as Andrew Carnegie  – who is described as "cruel and heartless in his own day to competitors and laborers alike" – along with Karl Marx and Adolf Hitler . Florida [ edit ] A Key Encounter Theater, located in Key West, Florida . Creation Adventures Museum , located in Arcadia, Florida . Creation Discovery Museum , located in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida . Idaho [ edit ] Northwest Science Museum , founded 2014 in Boise, Idaho Kentucky [ edit ] Creation Museum , located in Petersburg, Kentucky , opened in 2007 and constructed at

2650-437: A year after the first one's completed." Scaffolding for the second sculpture could be seen to the north of Dinny by November 1980. A year later, the structure and wire frame were complete and ready for cement. The Tyrannosaurus sculpture was designed with a channel in the tail, so as to incorporate a slide . However, by 1986 Bell was concerned the incline would be too steep to use safely. A third woolly mammoth sculpture and

2756-688: A year to its 4,500-seat arena. Among the high-quality replica casts of dinosaurs are exhibits showing dinosaurs coexisting in the Garden of Eden with Adam and Eve. The museum asserts that most dinosaurs became extinct during the Great Flood , and that while a pair of young dinosaurs accompanied elephants and lions on Noah's Ark , these became extinct later. Washington [ edit ] Mount St. Helens Creation Information Center , located in Castle Rock, Washington near Mount St. Helens , uses

2862-471: A young Earth creationist viewpoint. Langdon Gilkey writes: ... no distinction is made between scientific theories on the one hand and philosophical or religious theories on the other, between scientific questions and the sorts of questions religious beliefs seek to answer... It is, therefore, no surprise that in their theological works, as opposed to their creation science writings, creationists regard evolution and all other theories associated with it, as

2968-540: Is a form of creationism which holds as a central tenet that the Earth and its lifeforms were created by supernatural acts of the Abrahamic God between about 6,000 and 10,000 years ago. In its most widespread version, YEC is based on the religious belief in the inerrancy of certain literal interpretations of the Book of Genesis . Its primary adherents are Christians and Jews who believe that God created

3074-560: Is dismissed by the academic and the scientific communities. One 1987 estimate found that "700 scientists ... (out of a total of 480,000 U.S. earth and life scientists) ... give credence to creation-science". An expert in the evolution-creationism controversy, professor and author Brian Alters , states that "99.9% of scientists accept evolution". A 1991 Gallup poll found that about 5 per cent of American scientists (including those with training outside biology) identified themselves as creationists. For their part, young Earth creationists say that

3180-615: Is higher in the U.S. than in most of the rest of the Western world . A 2012 Gallup survey reported that 46 per cent of Americans believed in the creationist view that God created humans in their present form at one time within the last 10,000 years, a statistic which has remained essentially the same since 1982; for those with a postgraduate education, only 25 per cent believed in the creationist viewpoint. About one third of Americans believed that humans evolved with God's guidance and 15 per cent said humans evolved , but that God had no part in

3286-462: Is known as Megalania ( Varanus priscus ). However, Megalania was a gigantic species of monitor lizard , and not a dinosaur, as its discoverer, Richard Owen , realized that the skeletal remains were that of a lizard , and not an archosaur . Some creationists believe that Mokele-mbembe , a cryptid said to dwell deep in the Congo rainforest, may be a living sauropod, though the scientific consensus

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3392-595: Is one of the most stridently literalist positions taken among professed creationists, there are also examples of biblical literalist adherents to both geocentrism and a flat Earth . Conflicts between different kinds of creationists are rather common, but three in particular are of particular relevance to YEC: Old Earth Creationism , Gap creationism , and the Omphalos hypothesis . Young Earth creationists reject old Earth creationism and day-age creationism on textual and theological grounds. In addition, they claim that

3498-562: Is possible given the geological evidence for much longer timescales. The Science Education Resource Center at Carleton College has identified two major types of YEC belief systems: Young Earth creationists regard the Bible as a historically accurate, factually inerrant record of natural history. As Henry Morris, a leading young Earth creationist, explained it, "Christians who flirt with less-than-literal readings of biblical texts are also flirting with theological disaster." According to Morris, Christians must "either ... believe God's Word all

3604-439: Is that this is extremely unlikely. In a 2019 issue of Skeptical Inquirer science author Philip J. Senter details many 16th and 17th century hoaxes who constructed composite dragons which Senter calls the "Piltdown Men of Creationism" stating that many young Earth creationists believe these hoaxes even though "the fakes don't even resemble the very animals the creationist authors claim they are". Other more recent hoaxes such as

3710-536: Is the chief of the ways of God" implying that the behemoth is the largest animal God created. The leviathan is another creature referred to in the Bible's Old Testament that some creationists argue is actually a dinosaur. Alternatively, more mainstream scholars have identified the Leviathan ( Job 41 ) with the Nile crocodile or, because Ugarit texts describe it as having seven heads, a purely mythical beast similar to

3816-644: The Cardiff Giant , the Silverbell artifacts , the Burdick tracks and the Acámbaro figures are still being cited as proof of a young earth even though some of the hoaxers confessed. Young Earth creationists according to Senter are quick to point out the embarrassing forgeries that some scientists believed for years, such as the Piltdown Man . Senter continues "But it is also somewhat hypocritical, for

3922-650: The Early Modern Period (1500–1800) referenced an Earth that was few thousands of years old. For example William Shakespeare : ...The poor world is almost 6,000 years old. Beginning in the 18th century, support for a young Earth declined among scientists and philosophers as new knowledge including discoveries of the Scientific Revolution and philosophies of the Age of Enlightenment . In particular, discoveries in geology required an Earth that

4028-963: The Genesis flood narrative in the Bible which is 510 feet (160 m) long, 85 feet (26 m) wide, and 81 feet (25 m) high. The park also includes a petting zoo . Ark Encounter is operated by Answers in Genesis (AiG). Missouri [ edit ] Creation Experience Museum, located in Branson, Missouri . Montana [ edit ] Glendive Dinosaur and Fossil Museum located in Glendive, Montana . Nebraska [ edit ] Boneyard Creation Museum, located in Broken Bow, Nebraska . New York [ edit ] Lost World Museum , located in Phoenix, New York , features odd creatures in its creationist exhibits, including

4134-594: The Great Flood on the shape of the Earth. Although not an accredited geologist, Price's writings, which were based on reading geological texts and documents rather than field or laboratory work, provide an explicitly fundamentalist perspective on geology. The book attracted a small following, with its advocates almost all being Lutheran pastors and Seventh-day Adventists in North America. Price became popular with fundamentalists for his opposition to evolution, though they continued to believe in an ancient Earth. In

4240-535: The Hebrew word tanniyn (תנין, pronounced [tanˈnin] ), mentioned nearly thirty times in the Old Testament , should be considered a synonym. In English translations, tanniyn has been translated as "sea monster" or "serpent", but most often it is translated as "dragon". Additionally, in the Book of Job , a " behemoth " ( Job 40:15–24 ) is described as a creature that "moves his tail like

4346-736: The Institute for Creation Research Mt. Blanco Fossil Museum , located in Crosbyton, Texas . Museum of Earth History , located in Dallas, Texas, was described by The Guardian as "first dinosaur museum to take a creationist perspective" and was constructed as a joint venture of the Creation Truth Foundation and the Great Passion Play outdoor Biblical theme park, which attracts over seven million visitors

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4452-906: The Lernaean Hydra . A subset of adherents of the pseudoscience of cryptozoology promote young Earth creationism, particularly in the context of so-called "living dinosaurs". Science writer Sharon A. Hill observes that the young Earth creationist segment of cryptozoology is "well-funded and able to conduct expeditions with a goal of finding a living dinosaur that they think would invalidate evolution." Anthropologist Jeb J. Card says that "Creationists have embraced cryptozoology and some cryptozoological expeditions are funded by and conducted by creationists hoping to disprove evolution." Young Earth creationists occasionally claim that dinosaurs survived in Australia, and that Aboriginal legends of reptilian monsters are evidence of this, referring to what

4558-650: The Museum of Creation and Earth History , which falsely equates Darwinism with communism , Nazism , and racism . By 2005, the gift store inside Dinny had begun selling toy dinosaurs labeled "Don't swallow it! The fossil record does not support evolution," and T-shirts reading "By Design and Not By Chance." Visiting the site in 2008, creationism critic Troy Britain reported the installation of new dinosaur sculptures, as well as signage promoting creationist talking points. Bell's frescoes depicting human evolution were left intact, despite inscriptions that are incompatible with

4664-606: The Sabbath command in Exodus 20:8–11. YECs argue that it is a glaring exegetical fallacy to take a meaning from one context (yom referring to a long period of time in Genesis 1) and apply it to a completely different one ( yom referring to normal-length days in Exodus 20). Hebrew scholars reject the rule that yôm with a number or an "evening and morning" construct can only refer to 24-hour days. Hugh Ross has pointed out that

4770-431: The Wayback Machine , About.com . Accessed November 13, 2009. ^ "Waldemar Julsrud Museum – Acámbaro, Mexico" . Atlas Obscura . Retrieved June 8, 2023 . ^ "Creation Research Centre" . Creation Research Centre . Retrieved June 8, 2023 . ^ "Creation Science Movement - 403" . Archived from the original on 2019-02-11 . Retrieved 2009-10-23 . ^ 'Darwin has done

4876-1231: The volcano's 1980 eruption to show that geologic change can happen on a rapid scale, and that changes believed by mainstream scientists to take millions of years can occur in as short a period of time as hours or days. See also [ edit ] History of Earth Timeline of human evolution References [ edit ] ^ Harris, Paul (May 27, 2007). "Where dinosaurs meet Methuselah: A new museum in Kentucky merges evolutionary theory and creationism" . The Guardian . Retrieved May 17, 2013 . ^ Harris, Paul (May 22, 2005). "Would you Adam 'n' Eve it ... dinosaurs in Eden" . The Guardian . Retrieved September 2, 2008 . ^ "Jurassic Ark – The Aussie Outdoor Creation Museum" . Jurassic Ark . Retrieved June 8, 2023 . ^ "Creationism museum to open in Alberta" , CBC News , May 29, 2007. Accessed May 17, 2013. ^ Creation Truth Ministries' Travelling Museum ^ Rory Boland, Noah's Ark Hong Kong Creation Museum Archived 2015-04-06 at

4982-554: The 1950s, Price's work came under severe criticism, particularly by Bernard Ramm in his book The Christian View of Science and Scripture . Together with J. Laurence Kulp , a geologist and in fellowship with the Plymouth Brethren , and other scientists, Ramm influenced Christian organizations such as the American Scientific Affiliation (ASA) in not supporting flood geology . Price's work

5088-555: The 19th century suggesting 20,000 BC. The Protestant reformation hermeneutic inclined some of the Reformers, including John Calvin and Martin Luther , and later Protestants toward a literal reading of the Bible as translated. This means they believed that the "days" referred to in Genesis correspond to ordinary days, in contrast to reading the "days" as standing in for a longer period of time. Famous poets and playwrights of

5194-405: The 20th century brought rejection of evolution among fundamentalists who explained an ancient Earth through belief in the gap or in the day-age interpretation of Genesis . In 1923, George McCready Price , a Seventh-day Adventist , wrote The New Geology , a book partly inspired by the book Patriarchs and Prophets in which Seventh-day Adventist prophet Ellen G. White described the impact of

5300-462: The Bible is the actual word of God and should be interpreted literally, a statistic which had fallen slightly from the late 1970s. Some 54 per cent of those who attended church weekly and 46 per cent of those with a high school education or less took the Bible literally. The common belief of young Earth creationists is that the Earth and life were created in six 24-hour periods, 6,000–10,000 years ago. However, there are different approaches to how this

5406-706: The Controversy ) alongside or in replacement of the theory of evolution. Young Earth creationism has not had as large an impact in the less literalist circles of Christianity. Some churches, such as the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox churches , accede to the possibility of theistic evolution ; though some individual church members support young Earth creationism and do so without those churches' explicit condemnation. Adherence to young Earth creationism and rejection of evolution

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5512-468: The Controversy" Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creationist_museum&oldid=1243734606 " Categories : Creationism Creationist museums Pseudoarchaeology Young Earth creationism Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Young Earth creationism Young Earth creationism ( YEC )

5618-516: The Controversy" Religious views Non-creation Creator in Buddhism Jainism and non-creationism Evolution Theistic evolution Buddhist Catholic Hindu Islamic Jewish Mormon v t e A creationist museum is a facility that hosts exhibits which use the established natural history museum format to present

5724-574: The Dallas museum where faith meets science" . WFAA . Retrieved January 21, 2021 . ^ "Arkansas Times (12 May 2005): State promotes new creationism museum " . Archived from the original on 26 April 2006 . Retrieved 23 October 2009 . ^ Time (2 May 2005): Dinosaurs for creationists ^ Anderson, Lisa. "Museum exhibits a creationist viewpoint." , Chicago Tribune , August 10, 2005. Accessed September 2, 2008. ^ Museum of Earth History website ^ Johnson, Alex (May 2, 2005). "The stirring on

5830-486: The Earth in six literal days. This is in contrast with old Earth creationism (OEC), which holds literal interpretations of Genesis that are compatible with the scientifically determined ages of the Earth and universe, and theistic evolution , which posits that the scientific principles of evolution , the Big Bang , abiogenesis , solar nebular theory , age of the universe , and age of Earth are compatible with

5936-429: The Earth was deteriorating from a primal state, he maintained that the Earth was infinitely old. Hutton stated that: the past history of our globe must be explained by what can be seen to be happening now … No powers are to be employed that are not natural to the globe, no action to be admitted except those of which we know the principle. Hutton's main line of argument was that the tremendous displacements and changes he

6042-551: The Reverends William Buckland , Adam Sedgwick and other early geologists had abandoned their earlier ideas of catastrophism related to a biblical flood and confined their explanations to local floods. By the 1830s, the scientific consensus had abandoned a young Earth as a serious hypothesis. John H. Mears was one of several scholars proposing Biblical interpretations ranging from a series of long or indefinite periods interspersed with moments of creation to

6148-552: The United States held the view that "God created humans in their present form at some time within the last 10,000 years or so" when asked for their views on the origin and development of human beings, which Gallup noted was the lowest level in 35 years. It was suggested that the level of support could be lower when poll results are adjusted after comparison with other polls with questions that more specifically account for uncertainty and ambivalence. Gallup found that, when asking

6254-454: The United States inclined to the view that "God created humans in their present form at one time within the last 10,000 years" when asked for their views on the origin and development of human beings, which Gallup noted was the lowest level in 35 years. Reasons for the higher rejection of evolution in the U.S. include the abundance of fundamentalist Christians compared to Europe. A 2011 Gallup survey reported that 30 per cent of Americans said

6360-581: The YEC literature is replete with cases in which its own authors have fallen for taxidermic 'dragon' hoaxes". Young Earth creationism is most famous for an opposition to the theory of evolution , but believers also are on record opposing many measurements, facts, and principles in the fields of physics and chemistry , dating methods including radiometric dating , geology , astronomy , cosmology , and paleontology . Young Earth creationists do not accept any explanation for natural phenomena which deviates from

6466-507: The age and some of whom reject it. Several early Jewish scholars, including Philo , followed an allegorical interpretation of Genesis. The most accepted and popular date of creation among young Earth creationists is 4004 BC because this specific date appears in the Ussher chronology . This chronology was included in many Bibles from 1701 onwards, including the authorized King James Version . The youngest ever recorded date of creation within

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6572-485: The age of the Earth into the millions of years – still much younger than commonly accepted by modern scientists, but much older than the young Earth of less than 10,000 years in which Biblical literalists believed. Hutton's ideas, called uniformitarianism or gradualism , were popularized by Sir Charles Lyell in the early 19th century. The energetic advocacy and rhetoric of Lyell led to the public and scientific communities largely accepting an ancient Earth. By this time,

6678-433: The commentary on Genesis by Ibn Ezra (c. 1089–1164). That said, Shai Cherry of Vanderbilt University notes that modern Jewish theologians have generally rejected such literal interpretations of the written text, and that even Jewish commentators who oppose some aspects of science generally accept scientific evidence that the Earth is much older. Some controversy has arisen among Ultra-Orthodox Jews, some of whom accept

6784-520: The dinosaurs with him in the ark, and that they only began to disappear as a result of a different post-flood environment. The Creation Museum in Kentucky portrays humans and dinosaurs coexisting before the Flood while the California roadside attraction Cabazon Dinosaurs describes dinosaurs as being created the same day as Adam and Eve. The Creation Evidence Museum in Glen Rose, Texas , has

6890-447: The earliest reference to this rule dates back to young Earth creationist literature in the 1970s and that no reference to it exists independent of the young Earth movement. The "gap theory" acknowledges a vast age for the universe, including the Earth and solar system, while asserting that life was created recently in six 24-hour days by divine fiat. Genesis 1 is thus interpreted literally, with an indefinite "gap" of time inserted between

6996-422: The first two verses. (Some gap theorists insert a "primordial creation" and Lucifer 's rebellion into the gap.) Young Earth creationist organizations argue that the gap theory is unscriptural, unscientific, and not necessary, in its various forms. Many young Earth creationists distinguish their own hypotheses from the "Omphalos hypothesis", today more commonly referred to as the apparent age concept, put forth by

7102-406: The flood described in Genesis 6–9 did occur, was global in extent, and submerged all dry land on Earth. Some young Earth creationists go further and advocate a kind of flood geology which relies on the appropriation of late eighteenth and early nineteenth century arguments in favor of catastrophism made by such scientists as Georges Cuvier and Richard Kirwan . This approach which was replaced by

7208-403: The genealogy. Differences of opinion exist regarding whether the genealogies should be taken as complete or abbreviated, hence the 6,000 to 10,000 year range usually quoted for the Earth's age. In contrast, Old Earth Creationists tend to interpret the genealogies as incomplete, and usually interpret the days of Genesis 1 figuratively as long periods of time. Young Earth creationists believe that

7314-461: The historic Jewish or Christian traditions is 3616 BC, by Yom-Tov Lipmann-Muhlhausen . Some proponents of young Earth creationism have proposed dates that are several thousands of years earlier by theorizing significant gaps in the genealogies in chapters 5 and 11 of the Book of Genesis, such as 6984 BC by Alfonso X of Castile , Harold Camping with 11,013 BC, and Christian Charles Josias Bunsen in

7420-404: The intellectual source for and intellectual justification of everything that is to them evil and destructive in modern society. For them all that is spiritually healthy and creative has been for a century or more under attack by "that most complex of godless movements spawned by the pervasive and powerful system of evolutionary uniformitarianism", "If the system of flood geology can be established on

7526-481: The judge could not conceive how "a loose knit group of independent thinkers in all the varied fields of science could, or would, so effectively censor new scientific thought". A 1985 study also found that only 18 out of 135,000 submissions to scientific journals advocated creationism. Morris' ideas had a considerable impact on creationism and fundamentalist Christianity. Armed with the backing of conservative organizations and individuals, his brand of "creation science"

7632-407: The lack of support for their beliefs by the scientific community is due to discrimination and censorship by professional science journals and professional science organizations. This viewpoint was explicitly rejected in the rulings from the 1981 United States District Court case McLean v. Arkansas Board of Education as no witness was able to produce any articles that had been refused publication and

7738-603: The land in 1952, and opened the Wheel Inn there in 1958. Bell began construction of his first dinosaur, Dinny the Brontosaurus , in 1964. He took inspiration from a childhood visit to the Atlantic City Boardwalk , where he saw Lucy the Elephant : "From then on I decided someday I would build something big like that elephant house." Steel and cement for the project were salvaged from the freeway, after

7844-502: The materials at this museum argue that dinosaurs still exist today. Museum of Creation and Earth History , located in Santee, California , was originally part of the Institute for Creation Research . The museum, established shortly after its parent in 1970, moved to its current site in the mid-1980s. The museum presents the view that all humans are descendants of the first humans created by God some six to ten thousand years ago and that

7950-400: The mid-nineteenth century almost entirely by uniformitarianism was adopted most famously by George McCready Price and this legacy is reflected in the most prominent YEC organizations today. YEC ideas to accommodate the massive amount of water necessary for a flood that was global in scale included inventing such constructs as an orbiting vapor canopy which would have collapsed and generated

8056-2742: The mount: St. Helens used in drive to prove biblical creation with science" . NBC News . Archived from the original on January 8, 2014 . Retrieved September 2, 2008 . ^ "Volcano "Creation Center" museum moves to downtown Castle Rock" . Longview, Washington: The Daily News. May 11, 2017. Portals : [REDACTED] Evolutionary biology [REDACTED] Science v t e Creationist museums United States Midwest Akron Fossils & Science Center Northeast Lost World Museum South Ark Encounter Creation Adventures Museum Creation Evidence Museum Creation Museum ICR Discovery Center for Science & Earth History Mt. Blanco Fossil Museum Museum of Earth History West Cabazon Dinosaurs Glendive Dinosaur and Fossil Museum Mt. St. Helens Creation Information Center Museum of Creation and Earth History Northwest Science Museum Rest of world Genesis Expo (UK) Noah's Ark (Hong Kong, PRC) Noah's Ark Zoo Farm (UK) Big Valley Creation Science Museum (Alberta, Canada) v t e Creation science People Thomas G. Barnes John Baumgardner Walt Brown Harold W. Clark Raymond Vahan Damadian Robert V. Gentry Duane Gish Ken Ham John Hartnett Kent Hovind Dean H. Kenyon Frank Lewis Marsh Henry M. Morris John D. Morris Paul Nelson George McCready Price Georgia Purdom Marcus R. Ross John C. Sanford Jonathan Sarfati Andrew A. Snelling Walter Veith John C. Whitcomb Carl Wieland William A. Williams Kurt Wise Organizations Answers in Genesis (AIG) Anti-Evolution League of America Biblical Creation Society (BCS) Caleb Foundation Creation Ministries International (CMI) Creation Research Society (CRS) Creation Science Movement (CSM) Geoscience Research Institute (GRI) Institute for Creation Research (ICR) Facilities Creationist museums Lawsuits Hendren v. Campbell (1977) McLean v. Arkansas (1982) Edwards v. Aguillard (1987) Webster v. New Lenox School District (1990) Legal and philosophical Creation and evolution in public education Creation–evolution controversy Creationism Creationist cosmologies Cryptozoology Intelligent design movement Objections to evolution Omphalos hypothesis Pseudoscience "Teach

8162-434: The naturalist and science writer Philip Henry Gosse . Omphalos was an unsuccessful mid-19th century attempt to reconcile creationism with geology. Gosse proposed that just as Adam had a navel ( omphalos is Greek for navel), evidence of a gestation he never experienced, so also the Earth was created ex nihilo complete with evidence of a prehistoric past that never actually occurred. The Omphalos hypothesis allows for

8268-480: The necessary extreme rainfall or a rapid movement of tectonic plates causing underground aquifers or tsunamis from underwater volcanic steam to inundate the planet. The young Earth creationist belief that the age of the Earth is 6,000 to 10,000 years old conflicts with the age of 4.54 billion years measured using independently cross-validated geochronological methods including radiometric dating . Creationists dispute these and all other methods which demonstrate

8374-462: The occasionally out-of-order sequence of fossils that are shown to be due to thrust faults made it impossible to prove any one fossil was older than any other. His "law" that fossils could be found in any order implied that strata could not be dated sequentially. He instead proposed that essentially all fossils were buried during the flood and thus inaugurated flood geology . In numerous books and articles he promoted this concept, focusing his attack on

8480-1070: The original on 2009-02-09. ^ Healy, Donna (October 18, 2009). "Dinosaur museum presents biblical view of origins" . Billings Gazette. ^ "Boneyard Creation Museum" . Boneyard Creation Museum . Retrieved June 8, 2023 . ^ Roadside America: New creationist museum buys cyclops kitty; wants more freaks ^ Associated Press, "Museum makes deformed kitty its main attraction" , USA Today , April 6, 2006. ^ Benjamin Radford, "Latest Texas 'chupacabra' exhibited in creationist museum," Skeptical Inquirer , January/February 2010, p.7. ^ "Museum of Creation Truth" . Oklahoma Tourism and Recreation Department . Retrieved June 8, 2023 . ^ South Dakota Historical Society, The Grand River Museum ^ "Wyatt Museum" . Wyatt Archaeological Research . Retrieved April 24, 2017 . ^ Roadside America: Creation evidence museum ^ Panicker, Jobin (April 18, 2019). "Inside

8586-672: The original on April 24, 2017 . Retrieved April 24, 2017 . ^ "CSI's Creation Discovery Museum" . Creation Studies Institute . Archived from the original on January 6, 2015 . Retrieved April 24, 2017 . ^ Mead, Andy (March 10, 1996). "Jurassic Ark: Planned Museum Debunks Evolution, Religious Group says dinosaurs on Board with Noah" . Lexington Herald-Leader . Retrieved May 17, 2013 . ^ "Ark Park teaches Crationism" . ^ "Creation Experience Museum" . Creation Experience Museum . Retrieved June 8, 2023 . ^ "Glendive Dinosaur & Fossil Museum" . Archived from

8692-549: The original vision has been for MKA to transform the area into a children's science and museum exhibit. In December 2004, Kanter's wife Denise posted to the website Revolution Against Evolution, announcing plans to build a museum at the site to promote young Earth creationism . Plans for the museum called for a replica of Noah's Ark , a maze, a giant sand pit, and an exhibit presenting arguments for and against evolution . The Kanters and pastor Robert Darwin Chiles hoped to emulate

8798-417: The past century. A 2006 joint statement of InterAcademy Panel on International Issues (IAP) by 68 national and international science academies enumerated the many scientific facts that young Earth creationism contradicts, in particular that the universe, the Earth, and life are billions of years old, that each has undergone continual change over those billions of years, and that life on Earth has evolved from

8904-429: The portrait studio at Knott's from 1951 to 1986. He, his wife, and his daughter Wendy all worked there creating portraits of guests. The site of the dinosaurs was purchased by Claude Bell in 1946 for $ 5,000 (equivalent to $ 75,034 in 2022). The land was leveled for him free of charge, as part of an agreement to let the state remove the gravel for development of an overpass on the freeway. Bell began living part-time on

9010-494: The process. A 2009 poll by Harris Interactive found that 39 per cent of Americans agreed with the statement that "God created the universe, the earth, the sun, moon, stars, plants, animals, and the first two people within the past 10,000 years", yet only 18 per cent of the Americans polled agreed with the statement "The earth is less than 10,000 years old". A 2017 Gallup creationism survey found that 38 per cent of adults in

9116-484: The record of the rocks becomes a tremendous witness... to the holiness and justice and power of the living God of Creation!" This became the foundation of a new generation of young Earth creationist believers, who organized themselves around Morris' Institute for Creation Research . Sister organizations such as the Creation Research Society have sought to re-interpret geological formations within

9222-447: The results of physical anthropology and human evolution and instead insist that Adam and Eve were the universal ancestors of every human to have ever lived. Noah's flood as reported in the book of Genesis is said to have killed all humans on Earth with the exception of Noah and his sons and their wives, so young Earth creationists also argue that all humans alive today are descended from this single family. The literal belief that

9328-649: The rock strata which contain fossils of once-living creatures as subsequent to Adam's fall", attributing most to the flood. He added that humans and dinosaurs had lived together, quoting Clifford L. Burdick for the report that dinosaur tracks had supposedly been found overlapping a human track in the Paluxy River bed Glen Rose Formation . He was subsequently advised that he might have been misled, and Burdick wrote to Morris in September 1962 that "you kind of stuck your neck out in publishing those Glen Rose tracks." In

9434-471: The scientific data in geology and astronomy point to a young Earth, against the consensus of the general scientific community. Young Earth creationists generally hold that, when Genesis describes the creation of the Earth occurring over a period of days, this indicates normal-length 24-hour days, and cannot reasonably be interpreted otherwise. They agree that the Hebrew word for "day" ( yôm ) can refer to either

9540-492: The sequence of the geologic time scale as "the devil's counterfeit of the six days of Creation as recorded in the first chapter of Genesis." Today, many young Earth creationists still contend that the fossil record can be explained by the global flood. In The Genesis Flood (1961) Henry M. Morris reiterated Price's arguments, and wrote that because there had been no death before the Fall of Man, he felt "compelled to date all

9646-960: The site have reported that the creationist material has been removed from the attraction. Despite these changes, the Kanters continued to own and operate the site as of 2021. Creationist museum Facility that hosts exhibits to present a young Earth creationist view Part of a series on Creationism [REDACTED] History Types Young Earth Old Earth day-age gap progressive Neo-creationism Biblical cosmology Book of Genesis creation narrative as an allegory Omphalos hypothesis Creation science Created kind Flood geology Creationist cosmologies Intelligent design Rejection of evolution by religious groups History Public education "Teach

9752-411: The structure with wire to form the shape of the skin. According to Bell, "Everything is shaped in wire – wrinkles in the neck, muscles in the legs." The wire was then sprayed with coats of shotcrete . Bell was quoted in 1970 as saying the 45-foot-high (14 m), 150-foot-long (46 m) Dinny was "the first dinosaur in history, so far as I know, to be used as a building." His original vision for Dinny

9858-444: The third printing of the book this section was removed. Following in this vein, many young Earth creationists, especially those associated with the more visible organizations, do not deny the existence of dinosaurs and other extinct animals present in the fossil record . Usually, they claim that the fossils represent the remains of animals that perished in the flood. A number of creationist organizations further propose that Noah took

9964-503: The timescale of geologic history in spite of the lack of scientific evidence that there are any inconsistencies or errors in the measurement of the Earth's age. Between 1997 and 2005, a team of scientists at the Institute for Creation Research conducted an eight-year research project entitled RATE (Radioisotopes and the Age of The Earth) to assess the validity and accuracy of radiometric dating techniques. While they concluded that there

10070-506: The veracity of a plain reading of the Bible, whether it be the origins of biological diversity , the origins of life , the geological, atmospheric, and oceanic history of Earth , the origins of the Solar System and Earth , formation of the earliest chemical elements or the origins of the universe itself . This has led some young Earth creationists to criticize other creationist proposals such as intelligent design , for not taking

10176-435: The way, or not at all." Young Earth creationists consider the account of creation given in Genesis to be a factual record of the origin of the Earth and life, and that Bible-believing Christians must therefore regard Genesis 1–11 as historically accurate. Young Earth creationists interpret the text of Genesis as strictly literal. Young Earth creationists reject allegorical readings of Genesis and further argue that if there

10282-471: The world's linguistic variety originated with the tower of Babel is pseudoscientific , sometimes called pseudolinguistics, and it is contrary to what is known about the origin and history of languages . Young Earth creationists reject the geologic evidence that the stratigraphic sequence of fossils proves the Earth is billions of years old. In his Illogical Geology , expanded in 1913 as The Fundamentals of Geology , George McCready Price argued that

10388-456: The young Earth time scale (e.g., " Peking Man 200,000 [years ago]"). However, posters were put up stating creationist claims that dispute the validity of archaic human fossils. The Cabazon Dinosaurs attraction also features an open-air museum with fiberglass and robotic dinosaurs. Other activities at the site include a sand pit where visitors can experience a "dino dig" as well as a gemstone and fossil-panning sluice . Since 2017, visitors to

10494-467: Was developed over the previous century. Contemporary YEC movements arose in protest to the scientific consensus , established by numerous scientific disciplines, which demonstrates that the age of the universe is around 13.8 billion years, the formation of the Earth and Solar System happened around 4.6 billion years ago, and the origin of life occurred roughly 4 billion years ago. A 2017 Gallup creationism survey found that 38 percent of adults in

10600-453: Was for the dinosaur's eyes to glow and mouth to spit fire at night, predicting, "It'll scare the dickens out of a lot of people driving up over the pass." These two features, however, were not added. Dinny was completed in 1975. At the time, the total cost of the project was estimated to be over $ 100,000 (equivalent to $ 543,847 in 2022). In 1986 Bell gave an estimated cost of $ 250,000 (equivalent to $ 667,426 in 2022). A 1999 article cited

10706-402: Was much older than thousands of years, and proposals such as Abraham Gottlob Werner 's Neptunism attempted to incorporate what was understood from geological investigations into a coherent description of the Earth's natural history. James Hutton , now regarded as the father of modern geology, went further and opened up the concept of deep time for scientific inquiry. Rather than assuming that

10812-408: Was not a literal Fall of Man , Noah's Ark , or Tower of Babel this would undermine core Christian doctrines like the birth and resurrection of Jesus Christ . The genealogies of Genesis record the line of descent from Adam through Noah to Abraham. Young Earth creationists interpret these genealogies literally, including the old ages of the men. For example, Methuselah lived 969 years according to

10918-529: Was overwhelming evidence for over 500 million years' worth of radioactive decay, they claimed to have found other scientific evidence to prove a young Earth. They therefore proposed that nuclear decay rates were accelerated by a factor of one billion during the Creation week and at the time of the Flood. However, when subjected to independent scrutiny by non-affiliated experts, their analyses were shown to be flawed. Young Earth creationists reject almost all of

11024-435: Was seeing did not happen in a short period of time by means of catastrophe, but that the incremental processes of uplift and erosion happening on the Earth in the present day had caused them. As these processes were very gradual, the Earth needed to be ancient, in order to allow time for the changes to occur. While his ideas of Plutonism were hotly contested, scientific inquiries on competing ideas of catastrophism pushed back

11130-501: Was subsequently adapted and updated by Henry M. Morris and John C. Whitcomb Jr. in their book The Genesis Flood in 1961. Morris and Whitcomb argued that the Earth was geologically recent and that the Great Flood had laid down most of the geological strata in the space of a single year, reviving pre-uniformitarian arguments. Given this history, they argued, "the last refuge of the case for evolution immediately vanishes away, and

11236-425: Was widely promoted throughout the United States and overseas, with his books being translated into at least ten different languages. The inauguration of so-called "young Earth creationism" as a religious position has, on occasion, impacted science education in the United States , where periodic controversies have raged over the appropriateness of teaching YEC doctrine and creation science in public schools (see Teach

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