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69-588: The Cagayan River , also known as the Río Grande de Cagayán , is the longest river and the largest river by discharge volume of water in the Philippines . It has a total length of approximately 505 kilometres (314 mi) and a drainage basin covering 27,753 square kilometres (10,715 sq mi). It is located in the Cagayan Valley region in northeastern part of Luzon Island and traverses

138-645: A tropical monsoon climate ( Am ), with only a slight difference between summer and winter temperatures, and high year-round humidity. The average maximum temperature during May is 96 °F (36 °C), one of the highest in the country. On May 11, 1969, the highest temperature in the Philippines was recorded in Tuguegarao at 42.2 °C (108.0 °F), beating the previous record of 39.5 °C (103.1 °F) also measured in Tuguegarao in May 1912. Thus,

207-521: A groundwater reserve of 47,895 million cubic meters. The Cagayan River and its tributaries are subject to extensive flooding during the monsoon season in Southeast Asia from May to October. The average annual rainfall in 1,000 millimetres (39 in) in the northern part and 3,000 millimetres (120 in) in the southern mountains where the river's headwaters lie. Water from the mountains flow down very slowly because of surface retention over

276-506: A sham election. He disappeared without a trace in August 1980 after unknown men tried to capture him in front of his students the day before. He was later honored by having his name inscribed on the wall of remembrance of the Philippines' Bantayog ng mga Bayani in recognition of his martyrdom while resisting authoritarianism. In 1975, Tuguegarao was declared as the capital and seat of the regional government of Cagayan Valley (Region II) being

345-482: A significant growth of auto-hub companies with the presence of car showrooms in the city. The City Government of Tuguegarao, through the city's Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Council hosted a meeting with IT-BPO companies Sitel Philippines Inc. and Lee Chiu Property Consultants, Inc. in September 2018 to discuss the possibilities of locating their companies in the city. Initial steps have been made for

414-529: A slow recession . Because the peak flow also corresponds to the maximum water level reached during the event, it is of interest in flood studies. Analysis of the relationship between precipitation intensity and duration and the response of the stream discharge are aided by the concept of the unit hydrograph , which represents the response of stream discharge over time to the application of a hypothetical "unit" amount and duration of rainfall (e.g., half an inch over one hour). The amount of precipitation correlates to

483-698: Is DoubleDragon Properties' CityMall Tuguegarao which opened on March 1, 2021, its first mall in the region. Other notable shopping centers include the Tuguegarao City Commercial Center, formerly known as the Mall of the Valley; FCI Citimall, the first shopping mall in Northern Luzon; Brickstone Mall; Primark Town Center Tuguegarao, former site of Paseo Reale Mall; Unitop Mall Tuguegarao; Mart One Department Store and more. Following

552-748: Is a convergence area for the provinces of Cagayan, Kalinga , Apayao and northern Isabela and one of the fast-emerging cities in the Philippines. Dubbed as the "Gateway to the Ilocandia and the Cordilleras ," the city is located on the southern border of the province where the Pinacanauan River empties into the Cagayan River . It is surrounded by the Sierra Madre Mountains to the east, Cordillera Mountains to

621-399: Is a measure of the quantity of any fluid flow over unit time. The quantity may be either volume or mass. Thus the water discharge of a tap (faucet) can be measured with a measuring jug and a stopwatch. Here the discharge might be 1 litre per 15 seconds, equivalent to 67 ml/second or 4 litres/minute. This is an average measure. For measuring the discharge of a river we need a different method and

690-469: Is almost encapsulated by the Cagayan River in the western and southern side, which explains for its northward expansion, and the Pinacanauan River , a tributary of Cagayan River , in the eastern part. Small bodies of waters are found in the city, such as the Balzain Creek which spans the barangays of Caritan Sur and Balzain. Currently, the creek is continuously drying up due to eutrophication and

759-416: Is the sum of processes within the hydrologic cycle that increase the water levels of bodies of water. Most precipitation occurs directly over bodies of water such as the oceans, or on land as surface runoff . A portion of runoff enters streams and rivers, and another portion soaks into the ground as groundwater seepage . The rest soaks into the ground as infiltration, some of which infiltrates deep into

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828-404: Is typically expressed in units of cubic meters per second (m³/s) or cubic feet per second (cfs). The catchment of a river above a certain location is determined by the surface area of all land which drains toward the river from above that point. The river's discharge at that location depends on the rainfall on the catchment or drainage area and the inflow or outflow of groundwater to or from

897-596: The Cordillera Mountains in the west, Sierra Madre in the east and the Caraballo Mountains in the south. The river has a drainage area of about 27,300 square kilometres (10,500 sq mi). in the provinces of Apayao , Aurora , Cagayan, Ifugao , Isabela, Kalinga , Mountain Province , Nueva Vizcaya, and Quirino. The estimated annual discharge is 53,943 million cubic meters with

966-535: The Rhine river in Europe is 2,200 cubic metres per second (78,000 cu ft/s) or 190,000,000 cubic metres (150,000 acre⋅ft) per day. Because of the difficulties of measurement, a stream gauge is often used at a fixed location on the stream or river. A hydrograph is a graph showing the rate of flow (discharge) versus time past a specific point in a river, channel, or conduit carrying flow. The rate of flow

1035-537: The province of Cagayan , Philippines . According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 166,334 people, making it the most populous city in Cagayan Province, Cagayan Valley and Northeastern Luzon. A major urban center and primary growth center in the Northeastern Luzon, it is the regional center of Cagayan Valley and also its regional institutional and administrative center. The city

1104-585: The provinces of Nueva Vizcaya , Quirino , Isabela and Cagayan . The river's headwaters are at the Caraballo Mountains of the Central Luzon at an elevation of approximately 1,524 metres (5,000 ft). The river flows north for some 505 kilometres (314 mi) to its mouth at the Babuyan Channel near the town of Aparri , Cagayan . The river drops rapidly to 91 metres (299 ft) above sea level some 227 kilometres (141 mi) from

1173-556: The river mouth . Both Magat and Chico Rivers have extensive drainage areas which comprise about 1/3 of the whole basin. The Ilagan River originates from the western slopes of the Sierra Madre and drains the eastern central portion of the Cagayan River basin with an estimated yearly discharge of 9,455 million cubic meters. It flows westward and joins the Cagayan River at Ilagan, Isabela , 200 kilometres (120 mi) from

1242-477: The "unutilized potentials" seen as key in the development of the area. New developments are aimed to spread within the metro area with the construction of a new bridge linking Solana and Tuguegarao. When opened, this bridge will help decongest traffic in Buntun Bridge . As a component city and capital of the Province of Cagayan, government officials in the provincial level are voted by the electorates of

1311-527: The IT and Business Process Association of the Philippines (IBPAP) and Leechiu Property Consultants (LPC), named Tuguegarao as one of the 25 "digital cities" poised to be prospect growth areas of the information technology and business process management (IT-BPM) sector in the country by 2025. Currently, Tuguegarao has two major public markets, namely, the Don Domingo Public Market — located in

1380-560: The Philippines (EDCOP) and the Key Engineer Corporation to prepare a master plan for spurring economic growth in the Metro Tuguegarao zone. The metropolitan area, known as PIEST , includes the four municipalities of Peñablanca , Iguig , Enrile , Solana and the city of Tuguegarao. A situation analysis made by the consultative bodies found out that agriculture, water resource and tourism sectors were some of

1449-539: The Philippines under Martial Law in September 1972 and thus retained the position for fourteen more years. This period in Philippine history is remembered for the Marcos administration's record of human rights abuses , particularly targeting political opponents, student activists, journalists, religious workers, farmers, and others who fought against the Marcos dictatorship. In Tuguegarao, Camp Marcelo Adduru became

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1518-534: The Philippines. They are seen as highly developed urban centers where a lot of economic activities take place, and is important to urbanization and development. Tuguegarao is eyed as a center of exponential growth for commerce, industry and service, strengthening its stature as the capital of the Cagayan Valley Region . SM Prime , the largest retail operator in the country, opened SM Center Tuguegarao Downtown on October 12, 2017, as its first mall in

1587-532: The Regional Government Center. Launched on February 4, 2020, by real estate developer DataLand, it will feature a mixed-use superblock of retail shops, transport terminal, hotel and residential condominiums and a business park for BPO companies, financial institutions and major corporations. Nuciti by Vista Estates will become one of the future central business district of Tuguegarao spanning at 100-hectares of prime land currently it will house

1656-654: The Roman Catholic Archdiocese is at St. Peter Metropolitan Cathedral , one of the largest churches in the region. There are also Protestants , Baptist , Church of Christ , Adventists , Born Again groups, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , Jehovah's Witnesses , and Philippine-based groups like the Iglesia Filipina Independiente , Iglesia ni Cristo and Members Church of God International that accounts to

1725-561: The Rosevale Towers, restaurants, cafes and in future developments it will feature commercial blocks, office buildings, meeting spaces, condotels, hotels, condominiums and commercial hubs. In May 2019, the National Economic and Development Authority Regional Development Council - Region 2 worked with consulting firms Pacific Rim Innovation and Management Exponents, Inc. (PRIMEX), Engineering and Development Corporation of

1794-399: The area, stream modifications such as dams and irrigation diversions, as well as evaporation and evapotranspiration from the area's land and plant surfaces. In storm hydrology, an important consideration is the stream's discharge hydrograph, a record of how the discharge varies over time after a precipitation event. The stream rises to a peak flow after each precipitation event, then falls in

1863-534: The city and in Cagayan. Its second mall, SM City Tuguegarao , opened on November 18, 2022, marketed as the largest mall in the Cagayan Valley Region. On July 26, 2018, rival Robinsons Land Corporation opened the mixed-use complex shopping mall Robinsons Place Tuguegarao as the first full-service mall in Cagayan, including a Go Hotels branch, the first in the region. A few kilometers away

1932-588: The city and its airfield was bombed at the opening of the Pacific War on 8 December 1941. The city fell to the Japanese Imperial Army on 12 December 1941, as part of the Japanese invasion of Aparri . The General Headquarters of the 11th Infantry Regiment, Philippine Commonwealth Army , USAFIP-NL was activated in 1942 and stationed in Tuguegarao. Following an escalation of fighting during

2001-453: The city was tagged as the "Hottest City in the Philippines". Unusually, in months—usually lasts from December to February—where the cool northeast monsoon or locally as amihan surges, temperatures in the city drop to as low as 15 °C (59 °F)—in 2017 —especially in early mornings. Locals parallel the chills felt with that in Baguio . In the 2020 census, the population of Tuguegarao

2070-460: The city's population. These religious organizations have their own temples and churches sparsely located in the city. Some are Islam where their mosque is found in Centro 10 (Riverside). Poverty incidence of Tuguegarao Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Within the past three decades, its economy gradually shifted from agriculture to trading, commerce and services. The shift

2139-694: The city. Some are of Chinese and Indian descent. Due to a history of Spanish and other foreign missions, Christianity, in the form of Roman Catholicism, is the predominant religion in Tuguegarao. The present Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tuguegarao was chiseled from the Archdiocese of Nueva Segovia formerly located in Lal-lo (Nueva Segovia) . It was initially created as a diocese on April 10, 1910, and elevated as an Archdiocese by Pope Paul VI on September 21, 1974. It has jurisdiction over suffragan bishops of Bayombong , Ilagan and Batanes . The seat of

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2208-462: The closing months of the war, the Japanese fled to the barrio of Capatan. Tuguegarao was liberated by Allied forces on 25 June 1945. Sitio Capatan was elevated into a barrio (or barangay) of Tuguegarao on April 3, 1959, by Republic Act No. 2107. Loan-funded government spending to promote Ferdinand Marcos’ 1969 reelection campaign caused the Philippine economy took a sudden downwards turn in

2277-485: The corresponding discharge from the rating curve. If a continuous level-recording device is located at a rated cross-section, the stream's discharge may be continuously determined. Larger flows (higher discharges) can transport more sediment and larger particles downstream than smaller flows due to their greater force. Larger flows can also erode stream banks and damage public infrastructure. G. H. Dury and M. J. Bradshaw are two geographers who devised models showing

2346-418: The discharge of a river is based on a simplified form of the continuity equation . The equation implies that for any incompressible fluid, such as liquid water, the discharge (Q) is equal to the product of the stream's cross-sectional area (A) and its mean velocity ( u ¯ {\displaystyle {\bar {u}}} ), and is written as: where For example, the average discharge of

2415-538: The effect of pushing moderate student protesters towards the radical left, and causing many of them to go home to their home provinces like Cagayan. Marcos' actions thus lead the Marxist–Leninist–Maoist Communist Party of the Philippines to gain a significant presence in many Cagayan municipalities, although not as much in Tuguegarao itself. With only a year left in his last constitutionally allowed term as president Ferdinand Marcos placed

2484-768: The establishment of an IT park and a township where BPO companies could locate. Tuguegarao, as the seat of the regional capital of Cagayan Valley , houses the regional headquarters of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas located at the Regional Government Center in Carig Sur. As of 2019, a total of 53 banks are operating in the city such as BPI , BDO , Chinabank , RCBC , EastWest , UnionBank , Robinsons Bank , PNB , Bank of Commerce , Landbank , UCPB , Philippine Postal Savings Bank and others. Major real estate developers Ayala Land — Avida Settings Tuguegarao — and Vista Land — Camella Tuguegarao, Lessandra Cagayan and

2553-630: The expansion of Camella Cagayan (soon Camella Cagayan Trails) — are constructing their housing developments in Cagayan Valley. New condominiums developments are in the city these are Bayani Hall Lecaros, Bayani Hall Twin Towers developed by Vester Corporation and Rosevale Towers developed by Vista Estates. The North Gateway Business Park is an 18-hectare (44-acre) mixed-use township development project located in Barangay Carig Sur, near

2622-400: The extensive flood plain , the gorges in the gently-sloping mountains and the meandering course of the river. Inundations of the Cagayan River and its tributaries have caused great loss of life and property and substantial losses to the local and national economies. The Philippine government has established several flood warning stations along the river. Experts are specifically monitoring

2691-655: The first mayor of the new city. On July 2, 2007, Ting's father, businessman and former municipal mayor Delfin Telan Ting, was elected as the city's second mayor. After the 25-year political dominance of the Tings, however, retired police general Jefferson Soriano won over re-electionist Delfin Ting in the 2013 local elections . However, Soriano's term was marked by multiple charges of corruption that saw him being reinstated several times over his nine years in office. Eventually, he

2760-656: The fish travel down the river to release their eggs at the river mouth near Aparri. In February, ludong fry by the millions are again caught in fine nets as these travel upstream. Due to the dwindling number of ludong caught yearly, local governments have imposed a ban on catching the fish and its fry, but the ban has failed. The river traverses four provinces: Nueva Vizcaya , Quirino , Isabela and Cagayan . These provinces have an approximate population of two million people, mostly farmers and indigenous tribesmen. The Ibanag people derive their tribe's name from Cagayan River's ancient name, Bannag . The Gaddang tribe lived in

2829-654: The floods along the river when its floodgates opened due to a potential overflow. The Cagayan River passes through one of the few remaining primary forests in the Philippines. It supports the lives of numerous endemic and endangered species, like the Luzon bleeding-heart pigeon ( Gallicolumba luzonica ), Philippine eagle ( Pithecophaga jefferyi ) and a rare riverine fish, locally called ludong ( Cestreaus plicatilis ). The ludong spawns in Cagayan River's upper reaches in Jones, Isabela . In late October until mid-November,

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2898-462: The ground to replenish aquifers. Tuguegarao Tuguegarao ( / t ʊ ˈ ɡ ɛ ɡ ʌ r aʊ / or / t ʊ ɡ ɛ ɡ ə ˈ r aʊ / ), officially the City of Tuguegarao ( Ibanag : Siyudad nat Tugegaraw ; Itawit : Siyudad yo Tugegaraw ; Ilocano : Siudad ti Tuguegarao ; Filipino : Lungsod ng Tuguegarao [tʊgɛ̝gäˈɾaʊ] ), is a 1st class component city and capital of

2967-400: The hotel. During this melee, Aguinaldo fled with about 90 fighters for mountains in the north and went into hiding for several months until he surrendered, only to be cleared of all legal charges by winning reelection in 1992. Tuguegarao became a component city by virtue of Republic Act 8755 dated November 4, 1999, followed by a plebiscite held on December 18, 1999. Randolph Ting was

3036-571: The last months of the 1960s. Known as the 1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis , this led to social unrest throughout the country beginning with the First Quarter Storm protests of 1970, and incidents of violence like the Plaza Miranda bombing . Marcos responded by vilifying his critics as "communists" and suspending the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus through Proclamation No. 889 in August 1971, but this had

3105-424: The level of the stream is described by a rating curve . Average velocities and the cross-sectional area of the stream are measured for a given stream level. The velocity and the area give the discharge for that level. After measurements are made for several different levels, a rating table or rating curve may be developed. Once rated, the discharge in the stream may be determined by measuring the level, and determining

3174-400: The lower reaches from Tuguegarao to Aparri and the alluvial plain from Ilagan to Tumauini, Isabela . In November 2020, after the onslaught of Typhoon Vamco (Ulysses), the river reached its peak level and caused floods along its vicinity due to the rainfall accumulated from the typhoon. This flooding was one of the worst floods in the river's history. The Magat Dam also contributed to

3243-537: The mineral-rich Cordillera Mountains near the headwaters of the two tributary rivers. The provincial governments along the river have also developed tourism programs that offer activities on the river, particularly whitewater rafting . From mouth to source: The Pan-Philippine Highway generally follows the course of the river from Echague until the Magapit Suspension Bridge where it continues west. Discharge (hydrology) A discharge

3312-577: The most common is the 'area-velocity' method. The area is the cross sectional area across a river and the average velocity across that section needs to be measured for a unit time, commonly a minute. Measurement of cross sectional area and average velocity, although simple in concept, are frequently non-trivial to determine. The units that are typically used to express discharge in streams or rivers include m /s (cubic meters per second), ft /s (cubic feet per second or cfs) and/or acre-feet per day. A commonly applied methodology for measuring, and estimating,

3381-530: The mouth. The Siffu-Mallig system lies on the slope of the Central Cordillera ranges flowing almost parallel to the Magat River. Marshes and swamps are found in some parts of its lower reaches. Cagayan River and its tributaries have deposited sediments of Tertiary and Quaternary origin, mostly limestone sands and clays, throughout the relatively flat Cagayan Valley which is surrounded by

3450-612: The opening of 7 Eleven stores in Nueva Vizcaya , and Isabela provinces, the Philippine Seven Corporation expanded its reach to the Cagayan with its two branches in the city at College Avenue, near University of Cagayan Valley and at the new Valley Hotel Tower Mall in Balzain. There are currently more than eight branches of 7 Eleven stores as business expansion continues in the city. The city has seen

3519-413: The other 6 southern municipalities. The city is located 481 kilometres (299 mi) north of Manila , which is an hour by plane and ten hours of land travel. Tuguegarao is politically subdivided and comprises into 49 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios . There are 31 barangays in the city that are considered urban (highlighted in bold ). Tuguegarao experiences

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3588-422: The province's main detention center for "political detainees," who were often never formally charged with a crime, and thus technically not counted by Marcos as "prisoners." Others disappeared without the trace for daring to speak against Marcos, such as Romeo G. Crismo, a teacher at Cagayan Teacher’s College and St. Louis College in Tuguegarao, who criticized the 1973 Philippine constitutional plebiscite as

3657-656: The region's geographic center with adequate facilities and amenities needed by such. Multistory buildings were constructed in the poblacion greatly changing Tuguegarao's skyline in the 1980s and 1990s. On March 4, 1990, former colonel and suspended Cagayan governor Rodolfo Aguinaldo seized the Hotel Delfino using his private army of about 300 men. Aguinaldo stood accused of supporting the Dec. 1–9, 1989 coup attempt against President Corazon Aquino . Brigadier General Oscar Florendo, armed forces chief of Civil Military Relations,

3726-583: The relationship between discharge and other variables in a river. The Bradshaw model described how pebble size and other variables change from source to mouth; while Dury considered the relationships between discharge and variables such as stream slope and friction. These follow from the ideas presented by Leopold, Wolman and Miller in Fluvial Processes in Geomorphology . and on land use affecting river discharge and bedload supply. Inflow

3795-501: The river mouth. Its principal tributaries are the Pinacanauan , Chico , Siffu , Mallig , Magat and Ilagan Rivers . Magat River , is the largest tributary with an estimated annual discharge of 9,808 million cubic meters. It lies in the southwestern portion of the basin , stretching approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) from Nueva Vizcaya down to its confluence with Cagayan River about 55 kilometres (34 mi) from

3864-507: The river's fish stocks. With worsening weather patterns and regular severe storms, even traditional agricultural means are insufficient to feed families although they were bountiful in the past century, leading to the more aggressive use of destructive techniques. This has been part of a vicious cycle of environmental degradation . Families still go to the banks of the river and its tributaries to wash clothes or have picnics. Until recently, boatmen would provide ferry service. For example,

3933-589: The towns of Lasam and Gattaran are directly across the river from each other. A crossing by boat was the most convenient, but emergencies could be dangerous, such as having to fetch the doctor in Gattaran during a storm at night. Now the best way is by vehicle over the Magapit bridge . There are dams in two of the river's tributaries, the Magat and Chico Rivers , and there are also several mining concessions in

4002-480: The uncontrollable growth of water lilies. Historically, the town was inhabited by Irayas and Itawes who lived and mainly relied on fishing, farming, hunting and livestock raising. In addition, ancient natives have ventured on weaving cloth and making of household and farm implements. Cagayan is divided into three congressional districts , wherein the city is included in the Third District together with

4071-500: The upper part of Poblacion serving as the convergence of agricultural and aquatic products from neighboring towns and provinces — and the Tuguegarao City Commercial Center — formerly known as Mall of the Valley and is located at the Central Business District, receiving the highest daily foot traffic. Large retail operators have shown significant interest to the growth and increase of land value in cities throughout

4140-412: The upper reaches of the Cagayan River and its tributaries. The river drains a fertile valley that produces a variety of crops, including rice, corn, bananas, coconut, mangoes, citrus and tobacco. Fish were a plentiful source of nutrition for centuries, but in recent decades issues such as fertilizer runoff , destructive fishing methods and a burgeoning human population have led to a great decline in

4209-420: The volume of water (depending on the area of the catchment) that subsequently flows out of the river. Using the unit hydrograph method, actual historical rainfalls can be modeled mathematically to confirm characteristics of historical floods, and hypothetical "design storms" can be created for comparison to observed stream responses. The relationship between the discharge in the stream at a given cross-section and

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4278-584: The west, and the Caraballo Mountains to the south. The highest temperature ever recorded in the Philippines—42.2 °C (108.0 °F)—hit Tuguegarao on May 11, 1969. Taraw is a palm tree in the area and garao is a reference to the "swift river current". The popular version based on legend is the Ibanags' reply to the Spaniards when asked for the name of the place: Tuggi gari yaw ("this

4347-426: Was 166,334 people with a density of 1,100 inhabitants per square kilometre or 2,800 inhabitants per square mile. It is the most populous and densest city in the Cagayan Valley region. Most of the inhabitants are Ilocanos , Ibanags and Itawes . City's other residents include Kapampangans , Pangasinans , Tagalogs , Cebuanos , Hiligaynons , Maranaos , Maguindanaons and Tausugs —all of whom are not native in

4416-453: Was cleared by fire"). The origin of the city's name is unknown, but historical evidence suggests it was originally a pre-colonial settlement called Tubigarao . In 1591, the place was listed as a Spanish encomienda . [REDACTED]   Kingdom of Spain 1604–1899 [REDACTED]   United States of America 1899–1941 [REDACTED]   Empire of Japan 1941–1945 [REDACTED]   Philippines 1946–present Tuguegarao

4485-447: Was defeated by Maila Ting-Que, daughter of Delfin Ting, in his 4th reelection bid in the 2022 local elections . This made Ting-Que the first woman to be elected mayor of the city. Tuguegarao's location is in the southern portion of the province. The city is bordered by Iguig to the north; to the west by the Cagayan River and Solana ; Peñablanca to the east; and to the south by Enrile and San Pablo, Isabela . The river delta city

4554-542: Was founded on May 9, 1604, as a "mission-pueblo" with the new vicar Fray Tomas Villa, O.P. initiating the construction of a temporary church housing Sts. Peter and Paul as patron saints. In the 1720s, Father Antonio Lobato, O.P. developed a layout of street network together with the construction of the cathedral. In 1839, the provincial capital was transferred to Tuguegarao from Lal-lo as the Cagayan-Manila road opened which spurred socio-economic progress. The town

4623-538: Was occupied by American troops on December 12, 1899. Drastic improvements in Tuguegarao were discerned over the course of provincial administrations—the first Provincial Capitol was completed in 1909, a town hall and public market were built, the provincial high school— Cagayan High School —was founded in a former private residence, and the Cagayan Valley College of Arts & Trades was founded by American educator Claude Andrews. During World War II ,

4692-442: Was sent to Tuguegarao by Aquino to serve Aguinaldo with an arrest warrant. After Aguinaldo's men seized control of Hotel Delfino where the general was staying, Florendo was taken hostage along with more than 50 other hotel guests. Florendo was eventually shot inside the hotel and died of his wounds. Following hours of standoff between the two sides, nearly 1,000 government troops launched an attack to dislodge Aguinaldo's forces from

4761-506: Was ushered by Tuguegarao's role as the Regional Government Center and Center of Commerce in Northern Luzon. In early 2016, Tuguegarao City was named as one of the ten emerging cities in the 2015 Next Wave Cities report, conducted by Department of Science and Technology - Information and Communications Technology Office (DOST-ICTO) . On June 30, 2020, the Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT) , in partnership with

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