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Cape Breton Regional Municipality

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Cape Breton Regional Municipality (often referred to as simply " CBRM ") is the Canadian province of Nova Scotia 's second largest municipality and the economic heart of Cape Breton Island . As of 2021 the municipality has a population of 93,694. The municipality was created in 1995 through the amalgamation of eight municipalities located in Cape Breton County .

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73-515: The region is home to a significant concentration of government services, social enterprise, and private sector companies, including the Canadian Coast Guard College , Cape Breton University , NSCC Marconi campus , and New Dawn Enterprises. The rural areas of the municipality continue to host resource industries such as agriculture, fishing, mining, and forestry. CBRM is host to many cultural landmarks and institutions such as

146-629: A 4-year Officer Cadet program that prepares navigation and engineering officers for service on Canadian Coast Guard ships. These cadets receive a Bachelor of Technology (Nautical Science) that is granted in collaboration with Cape Breton University . Other training programs include a 6-month program for Marine Communications and Traffic Services Officers that specializes in radiotelephony procedures for marine safety and vessel traffic services to co-ordinate and monitor vessel movements in Canada's territorial waters. Canadian Coast Guard officers that work in

219-649: A controlling interest in DOSCO in a bid to diversify its operations beyond the aircraft manufacturing and defence industries. In 1958, DOSCO subsidiary Cumberland Railway and Coal Company closed its mines in Springhill ; the mines being closed following the Springhill Mining Disaster . The associated railway service limped on until permission to abandon was granted in 1961, and the last train ran in 1962. The Cumberland Railway continued to exist as

292-616: A corporation, however, as the S&;L was made its subsidiary in 1961, doing business as the Sydney & Louisburg Division of the Cumberland Railway. This was done primarily to make the provincially chartered S&L eligible for federal railway subsidies. In 1962 A.V. Roe Canada was dissolved and its assets merged into the newly formed conglomerate Hawker Siddeley Canada , which sought to rid itself of money-losing operations. By

365-840: A federal government economic development initiative, in an attempt to diversify the CBRM economy. On June 19, 2014, the operations of ECBC were transferred to both the Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency and the Public Works and Government Services Canada. In 1992, the Task Force on Local Government Report (often called the Hayward report) stated that 67 municipalities in Nova Scotia were too many to provide services efficiently and cost-effectively in

438-596: A member of the DOMCO board in December 1909; he remained a member of the DISCO board until 1909. The year 1901 also saw further changes in the coal and steel industry on Cape Breton Island when the rival GMA, operator of coal mines on the "north side" of Sydney Harbour, as well as a newly inaugurated steel mill at that location, sold its properties to Nova Scotia Steel Company Ltd. (SCOTIA) of New Glasgow . In 1903, Ross and

511-519: A mixed variety of railway lines linking the various mines. These were consolidated and operated as a department of the company, and in 1895 were extended south to Louisbourg. The railroad lines were incorporated in 1910 as the Sydney and Louisburg Railway . By 1912, DOMCO operated 16 collieries, comprising 40% of Canada's coal production. The company effected numerous efficiencies and improvements. There were, however, costly mistakes, prominent among them

584-531: A province with a population of slightly more than 900,000. The report was commissioned for the Progressive Conservative government of Donald Cameron but was taken up and implemented by the incoming Liberal government of John Savage . The provincial government subsequently forced the amalgamation of both Halifax and Cape Breton Counties and supported the voluntary amalgamation of Queens County . The Cape Breton Regional Municipality Act

657-457: A small fleet of training vessels ranging from sail boats and rigid hull inflatable boats (RHIB) and one 47-foot (14 m) motor life boat- all housed in a custom-built boathouse on the college's waterfront along a small cove. From the 1980s to the 2000s (decade), the college expanded its training programs to include customized marine training for students from Commonwealth Caribbean nations, as well as other federal government agencies such as

730-735: A strong tourism cluster is emerging and will be reinforced with the recent announcement of a second cruise ship dock in Sydney. Currently, the former Sydney Steel Corporation 's site in Sydney has been transformed into the Harbourside Commercial Park focused on office and light industrial use, connected in 2010 by the Sydney Port Access Road to Highway 125 . As the province's second largest municipality, recent federal policy of increased infrastructure spending will provide added economic stimulus. The boundary of CBRM includes all of Cape Breton County except for

803-508: A tourism destination for many years. Visitors can experience the art and history that Sydney and area has to offer, or experience Sydney's surging culinary scene. A growing cruise ship business has been making use of the port of Sydney to give cruise passengers access to the area. The Port of Sydney hosts more than 70 cruise ships per season, most notably the Queen Mary 2 , Queen Elizabeth 2 , and MS Maasdam . A recent study found that

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876-650: A variety of Eastern European countries. The region is home to several festivals of art and music such as the Celtic Colours International Festival , Lumiere Art at Night, the Cape Breton International Drum Festival , Makin' Waves, and Gobblefest Music Festival. The area is also known for its vibrant music scene, which includes celtic, singer-songwriter, and country artists, as well as underground alternative rock, metal, and punk bands who have played

949-601: Is Robert Walsh. Policing in Cape Breton County prior to amalgamation was delivered by individual police forces in the urban areas and RCMP in the rural county. In the late 1990s, after a divisive debate, the municipality expanded CBRPS coverage to also cover the rural area of CBRM. Fire & emergency services for the CBRM are provided by the Cape Breton Regional Fire Service which consists of 36 fire stations dispersed throughout

1022-521: Is administered throughout the province by the Conseil Scolaire Acadien Provincial . While Cape Breton Island is known for its Scottish Gaelic or Celtic culture and heritage, the industrial strength of Sydney and industrial Cape Breton attracted a diverse community from around the world. CBRM's cultural scene continues to be influenced by a mixture of these other cultures including African Canadian , Jewish , Irish , and

1095-749: Is also home to the Cape Breton Miners' Museum, the Marconi National Historic Site and the Glace Bay Heritage Museum . Louisbourg is home to Fortress of Louisbourg , the largest historical reconstruction in North America. CBRM is home to several media outlets. CBC Radio broadcasts local morning and afternoon broadcasts across Cape Breton Island. Caper Radio , a campus and community radio station, broadcasts local music and college radio from

1168-560: Is classified as an airport of entry, staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency . The region is served by Maritime Bus , a coach bus service connecting North Sydney and Sydney to the mainland via Whycocomagh and Wagmatcook . The Cape Breton and Central Nova Scotia Railway provided rail service connecting Cape Breton to the mainland and CN Rail in Truro. Service ended December 30, 2014 though negotiations between

1241-483: Is delivered by Transit Cape Breton , which offers thirteen bus routes within the municipality, serving the region's larger communities: Sydney, Sydney River, Glace Bay, New Waterford, Dominion, Reserve Mines, North Sydney and Sydney Mines. Handi-Trans paratransit is available for passengers whose disabilities restrict them from using Transit Cape Breton's regular bus service. Fares range from $ 1.25 to $ 5, depending on how many zones are travelled. The regional municipality

1314-426: Is governed by Cape Breton Regional Council , which is composed of a mayor elected at-large and 12 councillors each elected to represent a separate district. Regional Council is responsible for all facets of the municipal government , including police, fire, library, transit, and water. The municipality oversaw an operating budget of $ 146 million and a combined capital and water capital budget of $ 32.375 million in

1387-466: Is home to several institutions of higher learning: English language public schools in CBRM are operated by the Cape Breton – Victoria Regional Centre for Education on behalf of the provincial government's Department of Education. This regional education office provides instruction for grades primary to 12 in CBRM as well as in neighbouring Victoria County . French language public school education

1460-664: Is home to several performance centres, including the Centre 200 sports arena in Sydney, home to the Cape Breton Screaming Eagles (a Quebec Major Junior Hockey League team), the Highland Arts Theatre performing arts centre, also in Sydney, and the historic Savoy Theatre , in Glace Bay. The Holy Angels Arts & Cultural centre is currently undergoing a $ 12 million renovation. Glace Bay

1533-419: Is located in a wooded area immediately south of Point Edward and adjacent to Petersfield Provincial Park. It consists of a variety of interlinked residential, training, administration, and health/fitness facilities. CCGC also has simulators for depicting the navigation of vessels in a variety of scenarios, dry-land mock-ups of vessel engine rooms, and a simulator for a rescue coordination centre (RCC). CCGC has

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1606-538: Is one vessel assigned to the College: In 2011 CCGS CG 117 and CCGS CG 118 were retired as training vessels. 46°8′48.8″N 60°13′24.9″W  /  46.146889°N 60.223583°W  / 46.146889; -60.223583 Dominion Steel and Coal Corporation#Dominion Coal Company The Dominion Steel and Coal Corporation (also DOSCO ) was a Canadian coal mining and steel manufacturing company. Incorporated in 1928 and operational by 1930, DOSCO

1679-1255: The 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , the Cape Breton Regional Municipality had a population of 93,694 living in 42,316 of its 46,471 total private dwellings, a change of -0.6% from its 2016 population of 94,285 . With a land area of 2,419.7 km (934.3 sq mi), it had a population density of 38.7/km (100.3/sq mi) in 2021. Within the regional municipality there are multiple census population centres (previously known as urban areas). These include Cape Breton-Sydney (population: 30,960), Glace Bay (population: 16,915), Sydney Mines (population: 12,353), New Waterford (population: 6,723), and Howie Centre (population: 1,106). + North American Indigenous , n.o.s. Mother tongue language (2021) The most reported mother tongues aside from English or French were Punjabi (0.7%), Chinese Languages (0.5%), and Malayalam (0.4%). 75.6% of Cape Breton residents identify as Christian in 2021, down from 90.5% in 2011. About 21.9% affiliate with no religion, up from 8.5% in 2011. The remaining 2.6% affiliate with another religion, up from 0.9% in 2011. The largest non-Christian religion

1752-565: The Eskasoni and Membertou First Nations. The climate of the CBRM is cool and wet although it is warmer than most other places in Canada. The average annual temperature is close to 6 °C (43 °F). The average summer maximum temperature is 25 °C (77 °F). Temperatures rarely rise above 30 °C (86 °F). The average winter low is −10 °C (14 °F) and temperatures rarely drop below −20 °C (−4 °F) although strong winter winds can make it seem much colder. In

1825-602: The Gaspé Peninsula . The French were the first Europeans to claim the region, which was named Acadia . Control passed back and forth between the English and French throughout the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Under the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713, France retained control of "Île Royale". In 1719, France began construction on a fortified town located along the sheltered southwestern shore of Havre Louisbourg, naming

1898-527: The Mi'kmaq . The Palaeoindians inhabiting the area before European arrival lived a semi- nomad lifestyle, following the cycle of the seasons in search of food and resources, which required frequent moving from place to place. The area known as Cape Breton Island has been a part of the territory of the Mi'kmaq nation of Mi'kma'ki . Mi'kma'ki included what is now the Maritimes, parts of Maine , Newfoundland and

1971-782: The Royal Canadian Mounted Police , Department of Fisheries and Oceans , and the Department of Transport . In the 1995, the 4 year Officer Training Program was granted degree accreditation through an agreement with the University College of Cape Breton, since renamed Cape Breton University . Following completion of the Officer Training program, graduates now receive a Bachelor of Technology (Nautical Science or nautical engineering) from CBU. Following training programs are offered: There

2044-656: The Senate Division of Cape Breton. After a long struggle to recover from the disappearance of coal and steel industries and while continuing to suffer from high annual population loss the economy of Cape Breton is projected to achieve sustainable growth from 2017 to 2021. Cape Breton Island, of which CBRM is home to over three quarters of the population, has continued economic strength in its fishing and forestry primary sectors and in services (trade, transportation and warehousing, business and other support services), education, health care, and accommodation & food. While

2117-712: The Sydney Steel Corporation (SYSCO), while DEVCO would continue to operate the adjacent coke ovens . By 1992 the Lingan Colliery was closed followed by the Phalen Colliery in 1999 and the Prince Colliery in 2001. At the same time, the provincial government decided to dismantle and sell SYSCO. DEVCO ceased to exist on December 31, 2009, with its remaining assets and staff turned over to Enterprise Cape Breton Corporation (ECBC),

2190-484: The Trans-Canada Highway , runs along the north shore of Bras d'Or Lake and accesses the northern part of CBRM, whereas Trunk 4 extends along the southern part of Bras d'Or Lake and accesses the western and eastern part of the municipality. Within the municipality communities are served by Highway 125, a regional 4-lane arterial limited access highway that circles Sydney Harbour. Public transit service

2263-804: The 1890s, the Whitney syndicate sought to create a use for "slack coal" resulting from mixing and screening processes at DOMCO's coal wash plants. Whitney expanded operations at Sydney with the organization in March 1899 of the Dominion Iron & Steel Company Ltd. (DISCO), which had funding in both Canada and the United States. Whitney was joined in the new enterprise by his long-time business friends F.S. Pearson, B.F. Pearson, W.C. Whitney, C.T. Barney, H.F. Dimock, A.H. Paget and J.S. McLennan. The promise of federal bounties, together with concessions from

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2336-414: The 1920s as North America's industrial and consumer practices changed. BESCO management tried to desperately save the company, however bitter strikes by workers, culminating in widespread social and civil unrest in 1925, saw BESCO slip further into debt. BESCO subsidiary DISCO (the steel mill) fell into receivership in the spring of 1926 after short-term financing was refused; this would eventually lead to

2409-499: The 2016/17 fiscal year. The current mayor is Amanda McDougall . Council and its committees meet at least once a month. Municipal governments in Nova Scotia are elected every four years and the most recent round of elections took place on October 17, 2020. The provincial legislation that creates and empowers the municipality is the Nova Scotia Municipal Government Act. Under former Mayor John Morgan,

2482-592: The Canadian investors in DISCO sold control to James H. Plummer of Toronto, Ontario . By 1910, Plummer gained control of DOMCO from Ross and made both DOMCO and DISCO subsidiary companies of a new entity called Dominion Steel Corporation , which also counted mainland Nova Scotia's Cumberland Railway and Coal Company as a subsidiary. Presidents General managers Further consolidation of industrial activity on Cape Breton Island saw SCOTIA taken over in 1917 by American investors as its steel mill had closed in 1914, and

2555-610: The Colony of Cape Breton Island was amalgamated back into Nova Scotia . Several independent collieries opened on the south side and by the 1870s, Canada's federal government had implemented its National Policy of economic protectionist measures. It was during this decade that the leading operators on the "south side" foresaw the benefits of amalgamating and modernizing to replace lost American coal markets in eastern Canada with Cape Breton coal. In 1889, Henry Melville Whitney and Frederick Stark Pearson of Boston, Massachusetts , formed

2628-462: The First Nation community of Eskasoni which is policed by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). The CBRPS operates out of three geographic divisions, Central (Sydney), East (Glace Bay) and North (North Sydney). The CBRPS works towards providing efficient law enforcement and working within the community and has recently cracked down on drug related crime in CBRM. The current Chief of Police

2701-633: The General Mining Association monopoly, followed in later years by independent American-owned mines south of Sydney Harbour. Large-scale mining commenced in 1893 under the auspices of the Dominion Coal Company (DOMCO) which merged these independent mines. Coal production under Dominion Steel and Coal Corporation (DOSCO) peaked in the early 1940s and in 1957 the company became a subsidiary of Hawker Siddeley Group . The company announced in 1965 that it would be exiting

2774-904: The Liberal provincial administration of Premier George Henry Murray , enabled DISCO to begin work in June 1899 on the largest integrated steel mill in the British Empire . Located on the south side of Sydney Harbour, which Whitney said offered more advantages to steel making than anywhere else in the world, the mill was completed in 1901. DISCO operated coke ovens which cooked this slack coal to create coke to fuel its oxygen blast furnaces that were used to smelt iron ore mined by DISCO at its mine on Bell Island in Newfoundland and shipped to Sydney. Competitors in Britain, France, Germany and

2847-554: The Maritimes approximately 13,500 years ago, with final deglaciation , post-glacial rebound , and sea level fluctuation ending and leaving the New England-Maritimes region virtually ice free 11,000 years ago. The earliest evidence of Paleo-Indian settlement in the region follows rapidly after deglaciation. Evidence of settlement found in the Debert Palaeo-Indian Site dates to 10,600 before

2920-568: The Novaporte, the deep-water marine container facility able to accommodate ultra-class container ships at the port. Novaporte is proposed to operate as an officially designated Canadian Foreign Trade Zone. The Port of Sydney was projected to welcome a record 135,000 cruise ship visitors in 2017, a 67% increase on 2016. J.A. Douglas McCurdy Sydney Airport serves CBRM and Cape Breton Island, providing domestic flight connections via Air Canada and WestJet as well as charter flight service. The airport

2993-597: The Student's Union Building in Cape Breton University . There are also five commercial radio stations. Cape Breton's daily newspaper the Cape Breton Post is a broadsheet focusing on Cape Breton Island. Its editorial style is populist conservative, and it is owned by The Chronicle Herald . The Cape Breton Regional Police Service provides policing for all areas of CBRM with the exception of

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3066-411: The United States were initially concerned. However, continuing problems of management and cost control led to Whitney's early withdrawal from the project. Later in 1901, Whitney and his associates sold majority control of DOMCO to engineer turned businessman James Ross of Montreal, and their minority share of DISCO to Ross and other Canadian interests. Whitney resigned as president of DISCO in 1902 and as

3139-600: The Whitney coal syndicate with Benjamin Franklin Pearson of the People's Heat and Light Company of Halifax, Nova Scotia . The group purchased one mine and obtained options on others south of Sydney on eastern Cape Breton Island . Premier William Stevens Fielding and the Liberal provincial administration favored Whitney's entry into the coal business because his steamships and street-railway electric generators consumed large quantities of coal. The Whitney syndicate

3212-532: The aim being to slowly wean the area economy from its dependence on the coal industry. On July 7, 1967, the Cape Breton Development Corporation (DEVCO), was established to operate the mines in the interim, while phasing them out throughout the 1970s and, at the same time, develop new economic opportunities for the surrounding communities. At the same time, the provincial government expropriated DOSCO's steel mill in Sydney, creating

3285-530: The break-up of the conglomerate. DISCO was liquidated in 1927 but the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia refused to dissolve BESCO. Wolvin resigned as president and sold his holdings after his reorganization plan was rejected by other shareholders and he was succeeded by C.B. McNaught. In 1928 a new holding company called Dominion Steel and Coal Corporation (also DOSCO ) was formed as a holding company by McNaught and various BESCO investors. In May 1930 BESCO

3358-470: The coal mining business within months. In response to a public outcry, the minority government of Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson announced J.R. Donald would head a Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Cape Breton coal industry, with hearings held in 1965 and 1966. The Donald Commission recommended that a federal Crown corporation be established to acquire and manage DOSCO's coal operations, with

3431-590: The company focused on coal mining in Sydney Mines and manufactured steel products at its extensive facilities in Trenton , Pictou County . The fall-out from World War I saw a syndicate of British investors led by Montreal, Quebec industrialist Roy M. Wolvin negotiate a takeover of Dominion Steel Corporation from Plummer in 1919. BESCO proposed a $ 500 million merger of DOMCO and DISCO, along with various British steel and shipbuilding interests. In 1921, SCOTIA

3504-507: The council authorized several studies regarding fairness and equity, fighting for a larger share of the federal equalization funding from the province, including an ultimately unsuccessful legal challenge in 2004. Nova Scotians for Equalization Fairness is a citizens group that continues to argue for a greater share of equalization payments paid to CBRM, arguing that CBRM receives $ 15 million in equalization and should receive $ 239 million, based on per capita distribution of federal equalization to

3577-555: The county, including external routes that start or finish at the county limits: Canadian Coast Guard College The Canadian Coast Guard College ( CCGC ) is a maritime training college and Canadian Coast Guard facility located in Westmount , Nova Scotia —a suburb of the former city of Sydney in the Cape Breton Regional Municipality . The CCGC core training program revolves around

3650-482: The creation of a crown corporation , the Cape Breton Development Corporation , or DEVCO, which took over operations. Industrial Cape Breton consisted of two distinctive geographic regions for industrial activity: the "north side" of Sydney Harbour, and the "south side". The north side was dominated in the 1800s by the General Mining Association (GMA), which had been formed in the 1820s after

3723-547: The early 1960s DOSCO was in a continuous slide and sought to halt its decline by shutting various poorly performing mines in the Pictou and Sydney coal fields; from 9 in 1960 to 5 in 1965. Despite shedding other money-losing subsidiaries it was still losing money and under pressure from Hawker Siddeley Canada to reduce red ink. In 1965, DOSCO announced that its remaining mines had only 15 years of production left and it would not undertake any further capital expenditures and would exit

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3796-620: The former navy base HMCS  Protector located at Point Edward along the western shore of Sydney Harbour, CCGC's first mandate was to train young men in 4-year diplomas of Marine Engineering or Marine Navigation for the Coast Guard's Officer Training Program. The Officer Training Program expanded in 1973 to include women. In 1981, CCGC moved from its location on the former Point Edward naval base to an adjacent custom-built 120 acre (486,000 m²) campus in neighbouring Westmount . The campus, designed by Nova Scotia Architect Keith L. Graham

3869-547: The historic Savoy Theatre , the Celtic Colours International Festival , the Cape Breton Centre for Craft, the Highland Arts Theatre , and Holy Angels Arts & Cultural centre, currently undergoing a $ 12-million renovation. The area hosts one of Nova Scotia's premier tourism destinations, the Fortress of Louisbourg national park site, operated by Parks Canada as a living history museum . The site stands as

3942-593: The industry within months. The vast public outcry to DOSCO's announcement in Industrial Cape Breton saw the minority government of Prime Minister Lester Pearson come under incredible political pressure to resolve the crisis. Pearson announced the formation of the Donald Commission of inquiry into the industry, which would eventually lead to the formation of the federal Crown corporation Cape Breton Development Corporation (or DEVCO) and

4015-485: The largest reconstruction project in North America. The Port of Sydney was projected to welcome a record 135,000 cruise ship visitors in 2017, a 67 percent increase on 2016. The Trans-Canada Highway terminates in North Sydney where Marine Atlantic ferries connect to both Channel-Port aux Basques , Newfoundland and Labrador , where the highway starts again, and Argentia . The glaciers began their retreat from

4088-436: The local circuit since the mid to late 1990s. Among the musicians from CBRM was Canadian country singer Rita MacNeil from the CBRM community of Big Pond , and known for her songs including "Flying On Your Own" and "Working Man." Other notable artists include Tom Fun Orchestra , Slowcoaster , Pretty Archie , Matt Minglewood , Jordan Musycsyn , Carmen Townsend , Morgan Toney , Alicia Penney , and Fire Valley Fire . CBRM

4161-731: The municipality; two Sydney stations are staffed by career firefighters whereas the remaining 34 stations are staffed by volunteers. CBRFE has divisions for administration, fire departments , training, fire prevention, volunteer coordination, hazardous materials , building services and bylaws. In addition, paramedic ambulance service in Nova Scotia is provided by the provincial government's Emergency Health Services . The provincial Emergency Measures Act requires each municipality to develop an emergency measures organization. The municipality has an Emergency Measures Coordinator supported by an EMO Advisory Committee and an Emergency Preparedness Planning Committee. Highways and numbered routes that run through

4234-458: The nation's Joint Rescue Coordination Centres (JRCCs) also undertake advanced training at CCGC where a mock-up of a JRCC exists for simulation and training purposes. Additionally, various courses and training programs exist for specialized positions in CCG, including administrative courses, search and rescue, and environmental response. Established in 1965 as a residential college on the site of

4307-463: The present. However, settlement seems likely to have occurred earlier, following large game animals such as the caribou as they expanded into the land revealed by the retreating glaciers. The record of continuous habitation through the paleo and archaic period over ten thousand years culminated in the development of the culture, traditions, and language of the First Nations people now known as

4380-552: The province and the owner to revive the railway are ongoing. Sydney Coal Railway is a short line railway connecting the coaling piers on Sydney Harbour in Sydney to the Lingan Generating Station near New Waterford. The municipality is the western terminus of the Marine Atlantic ferry services to Newfoundland. It is also the eastern terminus of two east–west highways in the province: Highway 105 ,

4453-697: The province. However, the mergers that resulted in the formation of BESCO also amalgamated an inordinate amount of debt. During its 8-year history, BESCO was in a constant financial crisis and by 1925 required an annual operating profit of $ 8 million ($ 100 million when adjusted for inflation in 2010) to meet these financial commitments. As a result, BESCO's investors pressured management to force many difficult working conditions in order to achieve higher production from its workforce. This resulted in unprecedented labour unrest and militancy which would forever transform Industrial Cape Breton (see Davis Day ). Profits fell and coal and steel markets were declining throughout

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4526-637: The province. In addition to municipal government there are two First Nations in CBRM operating under band government , the Eskasoni First Nation and the Membertou First Nation . CBRM is represented by seven ridings in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly . The municipality shares representation by two ridings in Canada's House of Commons , as well as by Senator Michael L. MacDonald , who identifies as representing

4599-428: The region boasts a diverse industrial economy when compared to other regions in Nova Scotia, the region continues to struggle with an unemployment rate of 13.7% in December 2017, significantly higher than the Nova Scotia and national averages. CBRM is home to a significant tourism industry . Nearby attractions such as the Cape Breton Highlands , Bras d'Or Lake and Fortress of Louisbourg have made Cape Breton Island

4672-413: The settlement Louisbourg. The fortress was captured by British colonial forces, then returned by the British to France. It was captured again during the Seven Years' War which saw the inhabitants expelled and the fortress completely destroyed by British Army engineers in 1760. By proclamation of October 17, 1763, after termination of the Seven Years' War , Île Royale was renamed Cape Breton Island and

4745-426: The tendency to become locked into low-price contracts (such as to Whitney's companies), thus missing a large market at higher prices. By 1901 some 90 percent of its output was committed to such low-price contracts. The company made a large public offering of stock, which tumbled in price when Whitney failed to get the American import duty on coal removed or at least reduced. Flushed with the success of creating DOMCO in

4818-498: Was Hinduism with 0.7% of the population. In 2011 there were zero recorded Sikh residents, however by 2021 they accounted for 0.6% of the population making Sikhs the second largest non-Christian group. The Port of Sydney Development Corporation was established in 2015. Owned by the municipality, the port corporation manages and operates the port, including the emerging cruise ship business, the Joan Harriss Cruise Pavilion and Marina. International investors have announced construction of

4891-582: Was dissolved and the new company took over its industrial properties. DOSCO implemented management processes that put a halt to the financial troubles through the 1930s. The company's fortunes were boosted by World War II with its control of manufacturing and their inputs and at one point DOSCO was the largest private employer in the nation. Following the war, DOSCO's industrial prominence continued to slide as alternative fuels and sources for steel took force, combining with declines in government subsidization of both industries. In 1957, A.V. Roe Canada acquired

4964-430: Was formally annexed to Nova Scotia. For a time thereafter Cape Breton Island was part of Halifax County . On December 10, 1765, Cape Breton Island was set apart as a separate county. In 1784, the island was made a separate colony with its capital at Sydney however by 1820 the colony was remerged into Nova Scotia. Coal mining began during the 18th century to supply Fortress Louisbourg. Industrial mining began in 1826 under

5037-461: Was implemented and the CBRM was created on August 1, 1995, whereas the amalgamation in Halifax County took place only on April 1, 1996, with that of Queens County several years later. The municipalities from which the CBRM was created included the Municipality of the County of Cape Breton , the City of Sydney , the Towns of Glace Bay , Sydney Mines , New Waterford , North Sydney , Dominion and Louisbourg . The Cape Breton Regional Municipality

5110-415: Was incorporated with Whitney as president, B.F. Whitney as secretary and F.S. Pearson as chief engineer. Early investors in the enterprise included Whitney's younger brother, William Collins Whitney ; his brothers-in-law, Henry F. Dimock and Charles T. Barney ; and Almeric H. Paget , who later married William's daughter Pauline . The new company included the following properties: DOMCO also inherited

5183-600: Was merged with the conglomerate to form the British Empire Steel Corporation (BESCO). The scope and scale of BESCO was truly mind-boggling. In addition to its coal mines and steel mills operating as a complete monopoly across the entire Sydney Coal Field, BESCO also operated coal mines, steel mills and foundries in the Pictou Coal Field in Trenton, New Glasgow, Stellarton and Westville, as well as North America's deepest coal mines in Springhill, Nova Scotia , and iron mines in Bell Island, Newfoundland. It also operated several industrial railways and various shipping ports throughout

5256-425: Was offered an unprecedented 99-year lease on a fixed royalty; the group exercised its options, acquiring most of the existing bituminous coal mines in eastern Cape Breton and co-opting such local figures as John Stewart McLennan and David MacKeen . This process took some months, and Whitney was not ready to consolidate operations at Sydney until early 1893. On February 1, 1893, Dominion Coal Company Ltd. (DOMCO)

5329-569: Was predated by the British Empire Steel Corporation (BESCO), which was a merger of the Dominion Coal Company , the Dominion Iron and Steel Company and the Nova Scotia Steel Company . DOSCO was one of the largest private employers in Canada during the 1930s–1950s. In 1957, DOSCO was purchased as a subsidiary of A.V. Roe Canada Ltd. In 1966 it terminated coal operations. This led in 1967 to

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