ISO 9001:2015
116-644: Cebu Technological University ( Cebuano : Kinatumhaang Teknolohiko sa Sugbo ), abbreviated as CTU and also known as Cebu Tech , is a public, non-sectarian, coeducational, state-funded higher education institution located in Cebu , Philippines . CTU was originally a part of the Philippine public high school system and traces its roots to the Manual Arts department of the Cebu Normal School (now
232-659: A Cebuano-English dictionary in 1955, and an English-Cebuano dictionary in 1983. During the Spanish Colonial Period , the Spaniards broadly referred to the speakers of Hiligaynon, Cebuano, Waray, Kinaray-a , and Aklanon as Visaya and made no distinctions among these languages. As of the 2020 (but released in 2023) statistics released by the Philippine Statistics Authority , the current number of households that speak Cebuano
348-513: A Spanish priest, compiled a grammar book on the language, but his work was published sometime only by the early 19th century CE. The priest recorded the letters of the Latin alphabet used for the language, and in a separate report, his name was listed as the recorder of the non-Latin characters used by the natives. Cebuano written literature is generally agreed to have started with Vicente Yap Sotto , who wrote " Maming" in 1901, but earlier he wrote
464-466: A fort was established and while the construction was ongoing, the natives frequently launched attacks but were always repulsed until eventually they give in as soon as they realized the superior armament of the Europeans. Legazpi dealt only with Tupas, after a brief "trial" on grounds of apostasy and Magellan's murder, the Europeans pardoned the natives' chief and included the natives. After the exchange,
580-523: A large wooden cross on the shores of Cebu. Afterward, Humabon was baptized along with about 400 islanders. Magellan soon heard of Datu Lapu-Lapu, a native chief in nearby Mactan Island , a rival of a chief in Cebu. It was thought that Humabon and Lapu–Lapu had been fighting for control of the flourishing trade in the area. On April 27 the Battle of Mactan occurred, where the Spaniards were defeated and Magellan
696-608: A more patriotic piece of literature that was published a year later after Maming because of American censorship during the US occupation of the Philippines . However, there existed a piece that was more of a conduct book rather than a fully defined story itself, written in 1852 by Fray Antonio Ubeda de la Santísima Trinidad. Below is the vowel system of Cebuano with their corresponding letter representation in angular brackets: Sometimes, ⟨a⟩ may also be pronounced as
812-548: A period of Spanish exploration and colonization. Losing the favor of King Manuel I of Portugal for his plan of reaching the Spice Islands by sailing west from Europe, Magellan offered his services to King Charles I of Spain (Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor). On September 20, 1519, Magellan led five ships with a total complement of 250 people from the Spanish fort of Sanlúcar de Barrameda en route to southeast Asia via
928-473: A savage island in the East Indies . Consequently, several Spanish expeditions were sent to the islands but all ended in failure. On April 27, 1565 Miguel López de Legazpi arrived on the island (some sources say on 1564 CE), though he also intended to make peace, he was also prepared for a war since these were the same people that killed Magellan 44 years prior. According to the report, a messenger went to
1044-736: A speaker's aforementioned statements. For instance, a Davaoeño might say "Tuá man atà sa baláy si Manuel" instead of "Tuá man tingáli sa baláy si Manuel" . The word atà does exist in Cebuano, though it means 'squid ink' in contrast to Tagalog (e.g. atà sa nukos ). Other examples include: Nibabâ ko sa jeep sa kanto , tapos niulî ko sa among baláy ("I got off the jeepney at the street corner, and then I went home") instead of Ninaog ko sa jeep sa eskina , dayon niulî ko sa among baláy . The words babâ and naog mean "to disembark" or "to go down", kanto and eskina mean "street corner", while tapos and dayon mean "then"; in these cases,
1160-627: A spirit of brotherhood. And below is the official translation of the Lord's Prayer . Amahán namò nga anaa sa mga langit, pagdaygon ang imong ngalan, umabót kanamò ang imong gingharian, matuman ang imong pagbuót, dinhí sa yutà maingón sa langit. Ang kalan-on namò sa matag adlaw, ihatag kanamò karóng adlawa. Ug pasayloa kamí sa among mga salâ, ingón nga nagapasaylo kamí sa mga nakasalâ kanamò. Ug dilì mo kamí itugyan sa panuláy, hinunua luwasá kamí sa daután. Amen. Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name, your kingdom come, your will be done, on earth as it
1276-537: A wagon road built in 1877, from Cotcot to Dapdap. The climate of Cebu is tropical. There are 2 seasons in Cebu − the dry and wet season. It is dry and sunny most of the year with some occasional rains during the months of June to December. The province of Cebu normally gets typhoons once a year or none. Northern Cebu gets more rainfall and typhoons than southern Cebu because it has a different climate. Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) hit Northern Cebu in 2013 killing 73 people and injuring 348 others. Though most typhoons hit only
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#17327830892231392-409: Is approximately 1.72 million and around 6.5% of the country's population speak it inside their home. However, in a journal published in 2020, the number of speakers is estimated to be 15.9 million which in turn based it on a 2019 study. Cebuano is spoken in the provinces of Cebu , Bohol , Siquijor , Negros Oriental , northeastern Negros Occidental (as well as the municipality of Hinoba-an and
1508-630: Is a pushback on these objections. Some language enthusiasts insist on referring to the language as Cebuano because, as they claim, using the terms Bisayâ and Binisayâ to refer to ethnicity and language, respectively, is exclusivist and disenfranchises the speakers of the Hiligaynon language and the Waray language who also refer to their languages as Binisayâ to distinguish them from Cebuano Bisayâ . Existing linguistic studies on Visayan languages, most notably that of R. David Paul Zorc, has described
1624-622: Is affiliated with Cebu City Medical Center , which is owned by the Cebu City local government, admission is only open for residents or children of registered voters of Cebu City . In addition, applicants must have had not obtained any failing grade in the academic year prior to admission. In school year 2020–21, CTU admitted a total of 18,145 freshmen students throughout all of its campuses, of which 4,880 were admitted in its main campus in Cebu City. Cebu Technological University provides free tuition fee through Republic Act No. 10931, also known as
1740-652: Is also a subspecies of Idea leuconoe that is only endemic to Cebu. I. l. jumaloni is endemic to the area of Kawasan Falls in Badian , hence its common name, the Kawasan Paper Kite Butterfly . The subspecies is also named after Julian Jumalon, a Cebuano Lepidopterist and butterfly artist. The butterfly can also be observed in the Nug-as rainforest. Cebu has little remaining forest cover. The remaining forest patches in Cebu are composed primarily of
1856-429: Is also often replaced with d͡ʒ ⟨j/dy⟩ when it is in the beginning of a syllable (e.g. kalayo , "fire", becomes kalajo ). It can also happen even if the ⟨y⟩ is at the final position of the syllable and the word, but only if it is moved to the initial position by the addition of the affix -a . For example, baboy ("pig") can not become baboj , but baboya can become baboja. All of
1972-619: Is also present in the alphabet since it is part of the phonology of most Philippine languages representing the sound of the velar nasal /ŋ/ (e.g. ngipon , "teeth" and ngano , "why"). Cebuano shares many cognates with other Austronesian languages and its descendants. Early trade contact resulted in the adoption of loanwords from Malay (despite belonging in the same language family) like " sulát" ("to write") , "pilak" ("silver"), and " balísa" ("anxious"); it also adopted words from Sanskrit like " bahandì" ("wealth, goods, riches") from "भाण्ड, bhānda" ("goods"), and bása ("to read")
2088-400: Is distinctive in retaining /l/ sounds and longer word forms as well. It is the primary dialectal language of the entire province of Negros Oriental and northeastern parts of Negros Occidental (while the majority of the latter province and its bordered areas speaks Hiligaynon/Ilonggo), as well as some parts of Siquijor . Examples of Negrense Cebuano's distinction from other Cebuano dialects
2204-639: Is from Spanish, being more culturally influenced by Spanish priests from the late 16th century and invigorated by the opening of the Suez canal in the 1860s that encouraged European migrations to Asia, most notably its numeral system. English words are also used extensively in the language and mostly among the educated ones, even sometimes using the English word rather than the direct Cebuano. For example, instead of saying "magpalít" (" to buy ", in future tense), speakers would often say "mag- buy " . Currently,
2320-536: Is higher than the median age of 20.8 years that was recorded in 2000. The Cebuano language is spoken in Cebu, which is also spoken in the rest of Central Visayas and most parts of Eastern Visayas , as well as most provinces of Mindanao . In the Camotes Islands , especially in Poro , people there speak their own Visayan language called Porohanon , which has Masbateño and Waray-Waray influences. Some of
2436-407: Is in heaven. Give us today our daily bread. And forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from the evil one. Amen. Source: There is no standardized orthography for Cebuano, but spelling in print usually follow the pronunciation of Standard Cebuano, regardless of how it is actually spoken by the speaker. For example, baláy ("house")
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#17327830892232552-425: Is long and narrow, stretching 196 kilometers (122 mi) from north to south and 32 kilometers (20 mi) across at its widest point. It has narrow coastlines, limestone plateaus, and coastal plains. It also has rolling hills and rugged mountain ranges traversing the northern and southern lengths of the island. Cebu's highest mountains are over 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) high. Flat tracts of land can be found in
2668-439: Is phonemic, which means that words with different accent placements, such as dapít (near) and dápit (place), are considered separate. The stress is predictably on the penult when the second-to-last syllable is closed (CVC or VC). On the other hand, when the syllable is open (CV or V), the stress can be on either the penultimate or the final syllable (although there are certain grammatical conditions or categories under which
2784-564: Is pronounced /baˈl̪aɪ/ in Standard Cebuano and is thus spelled "baláy", even in Urban Cebuano where it is actually pronounced /ˈbaɪ/ . Cebuano is spoken natively over a large area of the Philippines and thus has numerous regional dialects. It can vary significantly in terms of lexicon and phonology depending on where it is spoken. Increasing usage of spoken English (being the primary language of commerce and education in
2900-675: Is selected and appointed by the Board of Regents/Trustees, upon the recommendation of a search committee. The current president is Rosein A. Ancheta Jr. The Board of Regents (BOR) is the governing board of the university as mandated by law. The administration of Cebu Technological University and the exercise of its corporate powers are vested in the Board of Regents and the President of the university. Cebu Technological University offers undergraduate degree programs, graduate programs, special programs, and online programs. These programs are offered in
3016-480: Is similar to that of other varieties; however, current speakers exhibit uniquely strong Tagalog influence in their speech by substituting most Cebuano words with Tagalog ones. This is because the older generations speak Tagalog to their children in home settings, and Cebuano is spoken in other everyday settings, making Tagalog the secondary lingua franca. One characteristic of this dialect is the practice of saying atà , derived from Tagalog yatà , to denote uncertainty in
3132-414: Is spoken as a ten and a unit . For example, 11 is spoken as " napulò ug usá" , shortened to " napulò'g usá" (lit. "ten and one"), 111 is spoken as "usa ka gatós, napulò ug usá", and 1111 is spoken as "usá ka libo, usá ka gatós, napulò ug usá". The ordinal counting uses the prefix ika - , and then the unit, except for "first" which is "una" . For example, ika- duhá means "second". Below
3248-522: Is spoken by the Visayan ethnolinguistic groups native to the islands of Cebu , Bohol , Siquijor , the eastern half of Negros , the western half of Leyte , and the northern coastal areas of Northern Mindanao and the eastern part of Zamboanga del Norte due to Spanish settlements during the 18th century. In modern times, it has also spread to the Davao Region , Cotabato , Camiguin , parts of
3364-460: Is taken from "वाचा, vācā" ("sacred text") and Arabic like the word "alam" ("to know") is said to be borrowed from Arabic "عَالَم, ʕālam " ("things, creation, existing before") , and " salamat" ("expression of gratitude, thanks, thank you") from "سَلَامَات, salāmāt " ("plural form of salāma, meaning "good health"), both of which were indirectly transmitted to Cebuano through Malays. The biggest component of loanwords that Cebuano uses
3480-550: Is the official translation of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights taken from the official United Nations website: Ang tanáng katawhan gipakatawo nga adunay kagawasan ug managsama sa kabililhon. Silá gigasahan sa pangisip ug tanlag ug kinahanglang mag-ilhanáy sa usá'g-usá dihâ sa diwà sa panág-higsuonáy. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in
3596-469: Is the usage of the word maot instead of batî ("ugly"), alálay , kalálag instead of kalag-kalag (Halloween), kabaló/kahibaló and kaágo/kaantígo instead of kabawó/kahíbawó ("know"). Cebu Cebu ( / s ɛ ˈ b uː / seb- OO ; Cebuano : Sugbo ), officially the Province of Cebu (Cebuano: Lalawigan sa Sugbo ; Filipino : Lalawigan ng Cebu ), is a province of
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3712-674: Is the variety of Cebuano spoken throughout most of Mindanao , and it is the standard dialect of Cebuano in Northern Mindanao . A branch of Mindanaoan Cebuano in Davao is also known as Davaoeño (not to be confused with the Davao variant of Chavacano which is called "Castellano Abakay"). Like the Cebuano of Luzon, it contains some Tagalog vocabulary, which speakers may use even more frequently than in Luzon Cebuano. Its grammar
3828-419: The 2020 Philippine census , was 3,325,385 with a density of 670 inhabitants per square kilometre or 1,700 inhabitants per square mile . When the independent cities – Cebu City (964,169 ), Lapu-Lapu (497,604 ), and Mandaue (364,116 ) – are included for geographical purposes, the total population is 5,151,274 people, with a population density of 964 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,498/sq mi). The population of
3944-422: The Camotes Islands . But the highly urbanized cities of Cebu , Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue are independent cities not under provincial supervision, yet are often grouped with the province for geographical and statistical purposes. The province's land area is 4,944 square kilometers (1,909 sq mi), or when the three independent cities (Cebu City, Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue) are included for geographical purposes,
4060-601: The Cebu Normal University ), and was founded independently in 1911 as the Cebu Trade School. In 1928, the institution opened its own campus near the Port of Cebu , where its main campus still stands today. The university, since its founding in 1911, was also previously known as Cebu Trade School , Cebu School of Arts and Trades , and Cebu State College of Science and Technology , until, in 2009, by
4176-484: The Central Visayas is predominantly young with about 37 percent of its population below 10 years old. This is very evident in the very broad base of the population pyramid in the region which has prevailed since 1970 but at a declining rate. A decline of 2.29 percentage points in the proportion of household population below 15 years old was noted from 1980 to 1995. Conversely, an increase of 3.06 percentage points
4292-465: The Dinagat Islands , and the lowland regions of Caraga , often displacing native languages in those areas (most of which are closely related to the language). While Tagalog has the largest number of native speakers among the languages of the Philippines today, Cebuano had the largest native-language-speaking population in the Philippines from the 1950s until about the 1980s. It is by far
4408-690: The ISO 639-2 three-letter code ceb , but not an ISO 639-1 two-letter code. The Commission on the Filipino Language , the Philippine government body charged with developing and promoting the national and regional languages of the country, spells the name of the language in Filipino as Sebwano . The term Cebuano derives from " Cebu "+" ano ", a Latinate calque reflecting the Philippines' Spanish colonial heritage. Speakers of Cebuano in Cebu and even those from outside of Cebu commonly refer to
4524-746: The Iglesia ni Cristo in the province has 3 subdivided district (Bogo City, Carcar City and Cebu City) chapels, dominating each cities and towns, while barrio chapels have 2-3% presence in the entire province. Cebu is the capital of the Catholic faith by virtue of being the first Christian city, the first capital of the Spanish East Indies , and the birthplace of Christianity and the Philippine Church. Pope John Paul II , in his Homily for Families in Cebu (February 19, 1981), called
4640-719: The Philippines located in the Central Visayas (Region VII) region , and consists of a main island and 167 surrounding islands and islets . The coastal zone of Cebu is identified as a site of highest marine biodiversity importance in the Coral Triangle . Its capital and largest city is Cebu City , nicknamed "the Queen (Catholic) City of the South" having the Second Cardinal, the oldest city and first capital of
4756-801: The Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act signed in 2017. The university also provides assistance to qualified students through internal and externally funded scholarships. CTU has established international connections with universities in six continents: Europe , Asia , Australia , New Zealand , Africa , North America , and South America . Teaching staff of the university have worked in collaboration with foreign educational institutions, such as giving lectures at Dongseo University in South Korea, and marine biology talks at National Sun Yat-sen University in Taiwan. Students have
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4872-497: The open-mid back unrounded vowel /ʌ/ (as in English "g u t"); ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ as the near-close near-front unrounded vowel /ɪ/ (as in English "b i t"); and ⟨o⟩ or ⟨u⟩ as the open-mid back rounded vowel /ɔ/ (as in English "th ou ght") or the near-close near-back rounded vowel /ʊ/ (as in English "h oo k"). During the precolonial and Spanish period, Cebuano had only three vowel phonemes: /a/ , /i/ and /u/ . This
4988-538: The Americas and the Pacific Ocean. They reached the Philippines on March 16, 1521. Rajah Kolambu the king of Mazaua told them to sail for Cebu, where they could trade and obtain provisions. Arriving in Cebu City, Magellan, with Enrique of Malacca as a translator, befriended Rajah Humabon a chief of a village in Cebu, and persuaded the natives to ally themselves with the Spanish. On April 14 Magellan erected
5104-524: The CTU Entrance Exam. Admission to selected programs is based on test scores, availability of slots, and the student's grade point average in senior high school . Applicants must also have not obtained any failing grade in the academic year prior to admission, with the exception of degree programs aimed towards persons with disabilities . The Admissions Office of Cebu Technological University caters to student-applicants interested in enrolling in
5220-820: The Cebu Normal School phased out its Secondary Normal Curriculum, the institution became affiliated with the Cebu Provincial High School across the street (now the Abellana National School ). It was part of many trade schools that were introduced in the Philippines during the American colonial period , designed to develop technical skills for domestic- as well as commercially viable arts and crafts. In 1911, Cebu Trade School set up shop as an independent school and employed two American and three Filipino teachers who taught in
5336-482: The Cebuano language as sugbú, meaning "to dive into water" and also exists in other Philippine languages such as Tagalog and Hiligaynon . In fact, there is also another municipality in Batangas, Philippines called Nasugbu , which may also share the same etymological root with the said province. The modern name is most likely how the first Europeans heard of the name of the place in the 16th-17th centuries, as it
5452-452: The English numeral system instead, especially for numbers more than 100. The language uses a base 10 numeral system, thence the sets of ten are ultimately derived from the unit except the first ten which is "napulò" , this is done by adding a prefix ka- , then followed by a unit, and then the suffix -an . For example, 20 is spoken as ka-duhá-an (lit. "the second set of ten"). The numbers are named from 1-10, for values after 10, it
5568-782: The Los Martires campus resumed on January 1, 1947, just after the American troops had left. In 1950, CSAT opened its doors to female students and saw the opening of secondary courses; the two-year Teacher Arts and Trades course for girls, and the two-year Trade Technical Education curriculum. Four years later, in 1954, CSAT offered its first four-year course offering, the Bachelor of Science in Industrial Education. By virtue of Batas Pambansa Bilang 412 on June 10, 1983, CSAT, along with nine other local public schools around
5684-618: The Marcos Martial Law Desaparecidos from Cebu was Redemptorist Priest Fr. Rudy Romano , a prominent Marcos critic and Executive Secretary of Cebu's Coalition against People's Persecution, who was accosted by armed men in Tisa, Labangon, Cebu City on June 11, 1985, and never seen again. Levi Ybañez , Romano's colleague in the Coalition against People's Persecution, was abducted on the same day as Fr. Romano, and
5800-482: The Philippines , which is politically independent from the provincial government along with Mandaue and Lapu-Lapu City . The Cebu Metropolitan Area or Metro Cebu is the third largest metropolitan area in the Philippines (after Metro Manila and Metro Davao ) with Cebu City as the main center of commerce, trade, education and industry in the Visayas as well as the regional center of Central Visayas . Being one of
5916-474: The Philippines) has also led to the introduction of new pronunciations and spellings of old Cebuano words. Code-switching forms of English and Bisaya ( Bislish ) are also common among the educated younger generations. There are four main dialectal groups within Cebuano aside from Standard Cebuano and Urban Cebuano. They are as follows: The Boholano dialect of Bohol shares many similarities with
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#17327830892236032-427: The Spanish ship and informed them that Tupas and "along with 10 other chiefs" would be out to either make negotiations or as a warning to prepare for an upcoming battle. Despite trying to assure the natives that the Spanish were there with good intentions, the natives already armed themselves, both parties were reported to have taunted each other offshore. Legazpi aimed the artillery on the proas which briefly confused
6148-423: The above substitutions are considered allophonic and do not change the meaning of the word. In rarer instances, the consonant ⟨d⟩ might also be replaced with ⟨r⟩ when it is in between two vowels (e.g. Boholano idô for standard Cebuano irô , "dog"), but ⟨d⟩ and ⟨r⟩ are not considered allophones, though they may have been in the past. Stress accent
6264-483: The beginning of a word (e.g. ngano , "why"). The glottal stop / ʔ / is most commonly encountered in between two vowels, but can also appear in all positions. Like in Tagalog , glottal stops are usually not indicated in writing. When indicated, it is commonly written as a hyphen or an apostrophe if the glottal stop occurs in the middle of the word (e.g. tu-o or tu'o , "right"). More formally, when it occurs at
6380-424: The cities of Kabankalan and Sipalay to a great extent, alongside Ilonggo ), southern Masbate , western portions of Leyte and Biliran (to a great extent, alongside Waray ), and a large portion of Mindanao , notably the urban areas of Zamboanga Peninsula , Northern Mindanao , Davao Region , Caraga and some parts of Soccsksargen (alongside Ilonggo, Maguindanaon , indigenous Mindanaoan languages and to
6496-484: The city of Bogo and in the towns of San Remigio , Medellin and Daanbantayan at the northern region of the province. The island's area is 4,468 square kilometres (1,725 sq mi), making it the 9th largest island in the Philippines. It supports over 5.2 million people, of which an estimated 2.9 million live in Metro Cebu . Beaches, coral atolls, islands, and rich fishing grounds surround Cebu. Coal
6612-476: The consonant /w/ ). Loanwords , however, are usually more conservative in their orthography and pronunciation (e.g. dyip , " jeepney " from English "jeep", will never be written or spoken as dyep ). There are only four diphthongs since ⟨o⟩ and ⟨u⟩ are allophones. These include /aj/ , /uj/ , /aw/ , and /iw/ . For Cebuano consonants, all the stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal /ŋ/ occurs in all positions, including at
6728-543: The end of the word, it is indicated by a circumflex accent if both a stress and a glottal stop occurs at the final vowel (e.g. basâ , "wet"); or a grave accent if the glottal stop occurs at the final vowel, but the stress occurs at the penultimate syllable (e.g. batà , "child"). Below is a chart of Cebuano consonants with their corresponding letter representation in parentheses: In certain dialects, /l/ ⟨l⟩ may be interchanged with /w/ ⟨w⟩ in between vowels and vice versa depending on
6844-424: The fifth, sixth and seventh grades. It eventually produced the first batch of intermediate trade graduates in 1912. Through Proclamation No. 180, on August 20, 1928, the Cebu Trade School became a separate entity and acquired its present site, along Los Martires Street (now the M.J. Cuenco Avenue), Cebu City , close to the Port of Cebu . The Cebu Trade School Building was built to house the fledgling institution and
6960-547: The first university in Cebu to be awarded an overall rating of three stars by global higher education analyst Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) Stars team, following CHED's announcement of being one of the grantees of the “Fostering World Class Philippines Universities Project” in July 2019. The following year, in 2022, CTU was ranked in the 651+ bracket of the Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) Asian University Rankings. In 2022, CTU
7076-679: The following colleges of the university: In addition to these colleges, CTU, in consortium with the Cebu City Medical Center , also has an affiliated nursing school, the Cebu Technological University–Cebu City Medical Center (CTU–CCMC) College of Nursing located along D. Jakosalem Street, Cebu City, located not far from the CTU main campus. Admission to CTU is selective. All aspiring students, except for BS Nursing applicants, must take and pass
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#17327830892237192-524: The following conditions: A final ⟨l⟩ can also be replaced with ⟨w⟩ in certain areas in Bohol (e.g. tambal , "medicine", becomes tambaw ). In very rare cases in Cebu, ⟨l⟩ may also be replaced with ⟨y⟩ in between the vowels ⟨a⟩ and ⟨e⟩ / ⟨i⟩ (e.g. tingali , "maybe", becomes tingayi ). In some parts of Bohol and Southern Leyte, /j/ ⟨y⟩
7308-415: The following tree species. The province of Cebu has 3 highly urbanized cities (the capital city of Cebu , Lapu-Lapu , and Mandaue ) which are geographically grouped but governed independent from the province, 6 component cities ( Bogo , Carcar , Danao , Naga , Talisay , and Toledo ), and 44 municipalities for a total of 53 units as listed below: The population of Cebu province, according to
7424-399: The former word is Tagalog, and the latter is Cebuano. Davaoeño speakers may also sometimes add Bagobo or Mansakan vocabulary to their speech, as in " Madayawng adlaw , amigo, kumusta ka?" (" Good day , friend, how are you?", literally "Good morning/afternoon") rather than " Maayong adlaw , amigo, kumusta ka?" The words madayaw and maayo both mean 'good', though the former is Bagobo and
7540-837: The grantees of the Philippine Philippine Commission on Higher Education (CHED) program of “Fostering World Class Philippines Universities Project” in July 2019. The following year, in 2021, CTU was ranked in the 651+ bracket of the Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) Asian University Rankings for 2022., and was also given reporter status in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings . The Cebu Technological University system has 23 campuses spread throughout Cebu . It consists of one (1) main campus in Cebu City, nine (9) satellite campuses, and thirteen (13) extension campuses. The President of Cebu Technological University
7656-416: The introduction of the Latin script, its use was so rare that there is hardly any surviving accounts of Cebuano being written in what was called badlit . Modern Cebuano uses 20 letters from the Latin alphabet and it consists of 5 vowels and 15 consonants. The letters c, f, j, q, v, x and z are also used but in foreign loanwords, while the " ñ " is used for Spanish names (e.g. Santo Niño ). The " Ng " digraph
7772-827: The island achieved independence from colonial rule in 1946. Cebu became a key center of resistance against the Marcos dictatorship , first becoming apparent when the hastily put-together lineup of Pusyon Bisaya defeated the entire slate of Marcos' Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL) in Region VII. Among the Cebuanos immediately arrested by the Marcos dictatorship when Martial law was announced on September 23, 1972, were columnist and future National Artist Resil Mojares and human rights lawyer and Carcar Vice Mayor Democrito Barcenas , who were both detained at Camp Sergio Osmeña. One of
7888-480: The island as the birthplace of Christianity in the Philippines. At over 3,000,000 adherents, the province of Cebu has the highest number of Roman Catholics out of any province in the Philippines. The image of Santo Niño de Cebú (Holy Child of Cebu), the oldest Christian image in the Philippines, is enshrined and venerated at the Basilica Minore del Santo Niño. According to Philippine historical documents,
8004-489: The island during the liberation of the Philippines . Cebuano guerrilla groups led by an American, James M. Cushing , is credited for the establishment of the "Koga Papers", which is said to have changed the American plans to retake the Philippines from Japanese occupation in 1944, by helping the combined United States and the Philippine Commonwealth Army forces enter Cebu in 1945. The following year
8120-534: The language as Bisayâ . The name Cebuano , however, has not been accepted by all who speak it. Cebuano speakers in certain portions of Leyte , Northern Mindanao , Davao Region , Caraga , and Zamboanga Peninsula objected to the name of the language and claimed that their ancestry traces back to Bisayâ speakers native to their place and not from immigrants or settlers from Cebu. Furthermore, they refer to their ethnicity as Bisayâ instead of Cebuano and their language as Binisayâ instead of Cebuano. However, there
8236-490: The language simply as Binisayâ or Bisayà . The Cebuano language is a descendant of the hypothesized reconstructed Proto-Philippine language , which in turn descended from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian , making it distantly related to many languages in Maritime Southeast Asia , including Indonesian and Malay . The earlier forms of the language is hard to trace as a result of lack of documents written using
8352-516: The language spoken in Cebu, Negros Occidental, Bohol (as Boholano dialect), Leyte, and most parts of Mindanao as "Cebuano". Zorc's studies on Visayan language serves as the bible of linguistics in the study of Visayan languages. The Jesuit linguist and a native of Cabadbaran , Rodolfo Cabonce, S.J., published two dictionaries during his stays in Cagayan de Oro City and Manolo Fortich in Bukidnon :
8468-407: The language through different time periods and also because the natives used to write on easily perishable material rather than on processed paper or parchment. The earliest record of the Cebuano language was first documented in a list of words compiled by Antonio Pigafetta , an Italian explorer who was part of Ferdinand Magellan 's 1521 expedition. While there is evidence of a writing system for
8584-451: The language, its use appears to have been sporadic. Spaniards recorded the Visayan script , which was called kudlit-kabadlit by the natives. Although Spanish chroniclers Francisco Alcina and Antonio de Morga wrote that almost every native was literate in the 17th century CE, it appears to have been exaggerated as accounted for lack of physical evidence and contradicting reports of different accounts. A report from 1567 CE describes how
8700-482: The latter Cebuano. One of the famous characteristics of this dialect is disregarding the agreement between the verb "To go (Adto, Anha, Anhi, Ari)" and locative demonstratives (Didto, Dinha, Dinhi, Diri) or the distance of the object/place. In Cebu Cebuano dialect, when the verb "to go" is distal (far from both the speaker and the listener), the locative demonstrative must be distal as well (e.g. Adto didto . Not " Adto diri " or " Anha didto "). In Davaoeño Cebuano on
8816-830: The lesser extent, Ilocano ). It is also spoken in some remote barangays of San Francisco and San Andres in Quezon Province in Luzon , due to its geographical contact with Cebuano-speaking parts of Burias Island in Masbate . Some dialects of Cebuano have different names for the language. Cebuano speakers from Cebu are mainly called "Cebuano" while those from Bohol are "Boholano" or "Bol-anon". Cebuano speakers in Leyte identify their dialect as Kanâ meaning that (Leyte Cebuano or Leyteño). Speakers in Mindanao and Luzon refer to
8932-445: The most developed provinces in the Philippines, in a decade it has transformed into a global hub for business processing services, tourism, shipping, furniture-making, and heavy industry . Mactan–Cebu International Airport , located on Mactan Island , is the second busiest airport in the Philippines. Cebu has the most combined cities and municipalities of any province in the Philippines, with 53 in total. With 9 cities in total, it has
9048-572: The most widely spoken of the Bisayan languages . Cebuano is the lingua franca of Central Visayas, the western parts of Eastern Visayas, some western parts of Palawan and most parts of Mindanao . The name Cebuano is derived from the island of Cebu , which is the source of Standard Cebuano. Cebuano is also the primary language in Western Leyte—noticeably in Ormoc . Cebuano is assigned
9164-489: The native system is mostly used as cardinal numbers and more often as ordinal numbers, and the Spanish-derived system is used in monetary and chronological terminology and is also commonly used in counting from 11 and above, though both systems can be used interchangeably regardless. The table below shows the comparison of native numerals and Spanish-derived numerals, but observably Cebuano speakers would often just use
9280-588: The natives wrote the language , and stated that the natives learned it from the Malays, but a century later another report claimed that the Visayan natives learned it from the Tagalogs. Despite the confirmation of the usage of baybayin in the region, the documents of the language being written in it other than Latin between the 17th century CE and 18th century CE are now rare. In the 18th century CE, Francisco Encina,
9396-579: The northern boundaries. Both North and South Kana are subgroups of Leyteño dialect . Both of these dialects are spoken in western and central Leyte and in the southern province, but Boholano is more concentrated in Maasin City . Northern Kanâ (found in the northern part of Leyte ), is closest to the variety of the language spoken in northern part of Leyte, and shows significant influence from Waray-Waray, quite notably in its pace which speakers from Cebu find very fast, and its more mellow tone (compared to
9512-417: The northern part of Cebu, the urban areas in central Cebu are sometimes hit, such as when Typhoon Mike (Ruping), one of the worst to hit Cebu lashed the central Cebu area in 1990. 31 years later, Typhoon Rai struck the central and southern portions of the province. Cebu's temperatures can reach a high of 36 °C (97 °F) from March to May, and as low as 18 °C (64 °F) in the mountains during
9628-464: The operation of Commonwealth Act No. 313. That same year, it offered the two-year technical course for male students. World War II caused extensive damages to the buildings within the Los Martires campus, and the buildings left intact were occupied by the American troops. On August 1, 1945, after the war, CSAT reopened its doors in makeshift classrooms on bodegas along General Maxilom Street (formerly Mango Avenue) and General Echavez Street. Classes in
9744-848: The opportunity to participate in overseas programs. Some of these include Agriculture programs in Europe and Asia, Oceania as well as Hospitality and Management programs in the United States. Cebuano language Cebuano ( / s ɛ ˈ b w ɑː n oʊ / se- BWAH -noh ) is an Austronesian language spoken in the southern Philippines . It is natively, though informally, called by its generic term Bisayâ ( [bisəˈjaʔ] ) or Binisayâ ( [bɪniːsəˈjaʔ] ) (both terms are translated into English as Visayan , though this should not be confused with other Bisayan languages ) and sometimes referred to in English sources as Cebuan ( / s ɛ ˈ b uː ən / seb- OO -ən ). It
9860-616: The opposing natives causing them to run into the woods thus making the shore clear for the Spanish to land. Salvaging any valuable item that could be found, Juan de Camuz came across an image of the Child Jesus, which was probably the one Magellan presented to the consort of the chief in 1521. From then on, a church was built on the site which would later become the Minor Basilica of the Holy Child . Twelve days later, on May 8,
9976-796: The opposition forces relaunched the Civil Disobedience Campaign against the Marcos regime and its cronies on February 22, 1986. After that, the Carmelite Monastery in Barangay Mabolo, Cebu City, served as a refuge for opposition candidates Corazon Aquino and Salvador Laurel during the first day of the People Power revolution, because it was not yet safe to go back to Manila. In 2007, the municipalities of Bogo , Carcar , and Naga became component cities. Their respective cityhood laws were ratified in
10092-555: The other hand does not necessarily follow that grammar. Speakers tend to say Adto diri instead of Ari diri probably due to grammar borrowing from Hiligaynon because kadto/mokadto is the Hiligaynon word for "come" or "go" in general regardless the distance. The Cebuano dialect in Negros is somewhat similar to Standard Cebuano (spoken by the majority of the provincial areas of Cebu), with distinct Hiligaynon influences. It
10208-548: The province of Cebu , were integrated into a new state college system, to be called the Cebu State College of Science and Technology (CSCST). It was mandated that the new state college "shall expand its curricular programs focusing on higher technological education". The integrated local colleges include: On December 16, 2003, to fully standardize and to highly institutionalize the entire management of its educational system, Cebu State College of Science and Technology
10324-412: The province was devastated by Typhoon Haiyan a month later. In December 2021, Typhoon Rai wreaked havoc across the province, leading to a declaration of "calamity" by the government. Cebu is located to the east of Negros , to the west of Leyte and Bohol islands. The province consists of Cebu Island, as well as 167 smaller islands, which include Mactan , Bantayan , Malapascua , Olango and
10440-631: The residents in Bantayan islands also speak Bantayanon , a Visayan language related to Waray-Waray . Chinese Filipinos also speak Philippine Hokkien privately amongst fellow speakers in Cebu , while Mandarin ( Standard Chinese ) is also taught in Chinese class of Chinese Filipino schools . The majority of its population are Roman Catholic followed by roughly 95% of Cebuanos. There are also followers of Iglesia Filipina Independiente , Islam , Buddhism and Hinduism . The increasing members of
10556-478: The same year. However, their cityhood status were lost twice in the years 2008 and 2010 after the LCP questioned the validity of the cityhood laws. Their cityhood status were reaffirmed after the court finalized its ruling on February 15, 2011, declared their respective cityhood laws constitutional. In February 2012 Cebu island experienced the effects of magnitude 6.7 earthquake on the neighboring island of Negros and
10672-429: The second most number of cities after its neighboring province of Negros Occidental . It is unclear whether the island was named sugbó or the settlement where Ferdinand Magellan 's crew arrived in 1521. The capital city of the province is also named Cebu City . The name is possibly derived from a hypothetical Proto-Philippine word *sug(e)bu meaning "to bathe" or "to wade into the water". The word has evolved in
10788-493: The southern form of Standard Cebuano. It is also spoken in some parts of Siquijor and parts of Northern Mindanao. Boholano, especially as spoken in central Bohol, can be distinguished from other Cebuano variants by a few phonetic changes : Southern Kanâ is a dialect of both southern Leyte and Southern Leyte provinces; it is closest to the Mindanao Cebuano dialect at the southern area and northern Cebu dialect at
10904-633: The statue of the Santo Niño (Holy Child) was given to Queen Humamay (also referred to as Hara Amihan and Queen Juana), the wife of Rajah Humabon (also referred to as Rajah Carlos), the Rajah of Cebu by the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan. The Cebuanos' acceptance of Christianity is depicted in Cebu's cultural event, the Sinulog where street parades and loud drum beats preceded by a Christian Mass
11020-469: The stress is predictable, such as with numbers and pronouns). The Cebuano language is written using the Latin script and the de facto writing convention is based on the Filipino orthography . There is no updated spelling rule of the language as the letter "Ee" is often interchangeable with "Ii" and "Oo" with "Uu" . Though it was recorded that the language used a different writing system prior to
11136-407: The total area is 5,342 square kilometers (2,063 sq mi). Cebu's central location, proximity to an unusually exotic tourist destination, ready access to a diversity of plant, animal and geological wonders within the island, and remoteness from earthquake and typhoon activity are some of the special attributes of Cebu. Cebu Island is the 126th largest island in the world . Cebu Island itself
11252-557: The two parties then discussed the terms and conditions including confirmation of titles, who receives tax exemptions, land grants, authority and recognition of officials. The crew then left Cebu on June 1, 1565. In the 1700s, Cebu housed 625 Spanish Filipino families and 28,112 native families In 1898, the island was ceded to the United States after the Spanish–American War and Philippine–American War . In 1901, Cebu
11368-580: The university QMS earned its certification of the ISO 9001:2015 standards by the TUV Rheinland. By virtue of Republic Act No. 9744, CSCST eventually became a state university on November 10, 2009, and adopting its current name Cebu Technological University (CTU). In 2020, CTU became the first university in Cebu to be awarded an overall rating of three stars by global higher education analyst Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) Stars team, following CTU being one of
11484-538: The university upon submission of their course and grade requirements and after passing the admission test and interview. Admission tests are administered before the start of the academic year. The university also adopts laws, rules, regulations, and policies of Republic Act No. 9165, also known as the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 . BS Nursing is offered through CTU–CCMC College of Nursing, an affiliated school of CTU. As CTU–CCMC
11600-519: The urban Cebu City dialect, which Kana speakers find "rough"). A distinguishing feature of this dialect is the reduction of /A/ prominent, but an often unnoticed feature of this dialect is the labialisation of /n/ and /ŋ/ into /m/ , when these phonemes come before /p/ , /b/ and /m/ , velarisation of /m/ and /n/ into /ŋ/ before /k/ , /ɡ/ and /ŋ/ , and the dentalisation of /ŋ/ and /m/ into /n/ before /t/ , /d/ and /n/ and sometimes, before vowels and other consonants as well. This
11716-483: The virtue of Republic Act 9744, it was converted into a state university, and assuming the name Cebu Technological University . The CTU system counts a total of 23 campuses, which consists of one main campus in Cebu City , nine satellite campuses, and 13 extension campuses. As of school year 2019–20, there are 41,395 students enrolled on the 23 CTU campuses located throughout the province of Cebu. In 2020, CTU became
11832-561: The war, where Japanese soldiers routinely gang-raped, humiliated, and murdered kidnapped girls and teenagers who they forced into sexual slavery under the brutal " comfort women " system. The 3rd , 8th , 82nd and 85th Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army was re-established from January 3, 1942, to June 30, 1946, and the 8th Constabulary Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary
11948-495: The wet season. The average temperature is around 24 to 34 °C (75 to 93 °F), and does not fluctuate much except during the month of May, which is the hottest month. Cebu averages 70–80% humidity. Endemic species in Cebu include the Cebu Flowerpecker ( Dicaeum quadricolor ), Cebu Slender Skink ( Brachymeles cebuensis ), Uling Goby ( Sicyopus cebuensis ), and Black Shama ( Copsychus cebuensis ). There
12064-429: Was also never heard from again. Ribomapil Holganza , a prominent leader of Cebu's opposition was also arrested together with his son on Christmas Day, December 25, 1983, on political charges. He was subsequently released and cleared of all charges. Later, Cebu would play a key role in the days leading up to the 1986 People Power revolution and the ouster of Marcos. It was from Fuente Osmeña circle in Cebu City that
12180-457: Was constructed near the waterfront, and can be described as a neoclassical structure with each column on its façade topped by a distinct statue representing human symbols of the arts and trades. The building still stands as of the present day, but is in a deep state of neglect, hidden by a concrete perimeter fence and newer buildings in the main campus. In 1940, the Cebu Trade School was renamed as Cebu School of Arts and Trades (CSAT) by virtue of
12296-634: Was first discovered in Cebu about 1837. There were 15 localities over the whole island, on both coasts; some desultory mining had been carried out Naga near Mount Uling, but most serious operations were at Licos and Camansi west of Compostela and Danao. Active work ceased about 1895 with insurrections, and no production worked for more than ten years. A topographic and geologic survey of Compostela, Danao, and Carmen took place in 1906. The Compostela-Danao coalfield contained about six million workable tons. The tramroads, one from Danao to Camansi, one from Compostela to Mount Licos, were undertaken in 1895, together with
12412-566: Was first recorded as Zubu or Çubu, and then eventually it became Cebu. The reason of the spelling change is because Visayans were mostly illiterate in the 16th and 17th centuries . The Rajahnate of Cebu was a native kingdom that existed in Cebu prior to the arrival of the Spaniards. It was founded by Sri Lumay otherwise known as Rajamuda Lumaya , a half-Malay, half-Tamil prince of the Chola dynasty who invaded Sumatra in Indonesia . He
12528-422: Was given reporter status in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings , marking its inclusion to the prestigious list for the first time. Spain -based Cybermetrics Lab also ranks CTU in its Webometrics Ranking of World Universities , placing it 11th in the Philippines in the said ranking. The university traces its roots way back in 1901, to the Manual Arts department of the Cebu Normal School . When
12644-564: Was governed by the United States for a brief period, however, it became a chartered city on February 24, 1937, and was governed independently by Filipino politicians. Cebu, being one of the most densely populated islands in the Philippines, served as a Japanese base during their occupation in World War II which began with the landing of Japanese soldiers in April 1942. A Japanese businessman established Cebu's first "comfort station" during
12760-552: Was granted Certificate of Registration by Anglo-Japanese American (AJA) Registrars Incorporated in accordance with ISO 9001:2000 Quality Management System Standards, with Certification No. AJA 03/6952 giving it international recognition. On October 8, 2009, the CSCST's QMS was recertified compliant to the new version, ISO 9001:2008 standards by the Anglo-Japanese American (AJA) Registrars Inc., and on November 26, 2018,
12876-565: Was killed by the natives of Mactan in Mactan Island. According to Italian historian and chronicler Antonio Pigafetta , Magellan's body was never recovered despite efforts to trade for it with spice and jewels. Magellan's second-in-command, Juan Sebastián Elcano , took his place as captain of the expedition and sailed the fleet back to Spain, circumnavigating the world. Survivors of the Magellan expedition returned to Spain with tales of
12992-563: Was later expanded to five vowels with the introduction of Spanish. As a consequence, the vowels ⟨o⟩ or ⟨u⟩ , as well as ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ , are still mostly allophones . They can be freely switched with each other without losing their meaning ( free variation ); though it may sound strange to a native listener, depending on their dialect. The vowel ⟨a⟩ has no variations, though it can be pronounced subtly differently, as either /a/ or /ʌ/ (and very rarely as /ɔ/ immediately after
13108-406: Was observed in the 15–64 age group during the same period. The population of the region is evenly distributed between males and females. However, the male population in the region has been increasing at a faster rate compared to the female population. In 2010, the median age of the population of the province was 23.0 years, which means that half of the population was younger than 23.0 years. This
13224-630: Was reestablished again from October 28, 1944, to June 30, 1946, at the military general headquarters and the military camps and garrisoned in Cebu city and Cebu province. They started the Anti-Japanese military operations in Cebu from April 1942 to September 1945 and helped Cebuano guerrillas and fought against the Japanese Imperial forces . Almost three years later in March 1945, combined Filipino and American forces landed and reoccupied
13340-565: Was sent by the Maharajah to establish a base for expeditionary forces to subdue the local kingdoms, but he rebelled and established his own independent Rajahnate instead. The capital of the nation was Singhapala (சிங்கப்பூர்) which is Tamil-Sanskrit for "Lion City", the same root words as with the modern city-state of Singapore . The later Spanish chronicler Antonio Pigafetta mispronounced Singhapala as Cingopola instead. The arrival of Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan in 1521 began
13456-454: Was the largest quake in the area for 90 years. The tremor shook buildings but there were no reports of major building damage or loss of life on Cebu Island itself. This tremor was caused by a previously unrecorded fault . In October 2013, Cebu and Bohol were hit by record-setting 7.2 magnitude earthquake which left 222 dead and collapsed some buildings, including 5 historical churches. There were over 700 aftershocks. The northern part of
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