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51-464: The Census Information Center program is part of the U.S. Census Bureau 's data dissemination network. The Census Information Center (CIC) Program was started in 1988 to improve access to census data by minority groups and economically disadvantaged segments of the population, who have been traditionally undercounted in censuses and surveys. The original five participating organizations were: The National Urban League , The National Council of La Raza ,

102-821: A "Black revolutionary plot." The trial took place in the New York State Supreme Court , with Justice Paul Balsam presiding. In 1968, Young was invited to address the American Institute of Architects National Convention in Portland, Oregon through the keynote speech. At the time, Young was the executive director of the National Urban League and had spoken before on the concerns of the AIA regarding social and racial inequality in housing and cities. In his speech, he addressed

153-441: A country have blazed unimagined trails technologically and industrially. We have not yet begun to pioneer in those things that are human and social… I think that social work is uniquely equipped to play a major role in this social and human renaissance of our society, which will, if successful, lead to its survival, and if it is unsuccessful, will lead to its justifiable death. Young spent his tenure as President of NASW ensuring that

204-470: A long time: inherent in the responsibility for leadership in social welfare is responsibility for professional action. They are not disparate aspects of social work but merely two faces of the same coin to be spent on more and better services for the people who need our help. It is out of our belief in this broad definition of responsibility for social welfare that NASW is taking leadership in the efforts to reorder our nation's priorities and future direction, and

255-492: A medical doctor at Kentucky State. During his time at Kentucky State, Young was also a forward on the university's basketball team, and was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity, where he served as the vice president. He became the president of his senior class, and graduated in 1941. During World War II , Young was trained in electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He

306-648: Is a designated National Historic Landmark , with a museum dedicated to Young's life and achievements. Young was honored in 1981 by the United States Postal Service on a postage stamp issued as part of its ongoing Black Heritage series. The Whitney Young School of Honors and Liberal Studies at Kentucky State University was named after him. Also, Clark Atlanta University named its School of Social Work, where Whitney Young served as Dean, in Young's honor. The Whitney M. Young School of Social Work

357-460: Is calling on social workers everywhere to do the same. The NASW News , May 1971, tribute to Young noted that "As usual Whitney Young was preparing to do battle on the major issues and programs facing the association and the nation. And he was doing it with his usual aplomb-dapper, self-assured, ready to deal with the "power" people to bring about change for the powerless." Young was also the Dean of

408-522: Is the author of I CAN Finish College: The Overcome Any Obstacle and Get Your Degree Guide. His daughter Lauren Young Casteel became the first black woman to head a foundation in Colorado. There are also several grandchildren and great-grandchildren, including businessman Mark Boles who served on the Urban League board and artist Jordan Casteel . In his eulogy, Nixon stated that Young's legacy

459-605: Is well known for founding the "Afro-Centric" perspective of social work. The Boy Scouts of America created the Whitney M. Young Jr. Service Award to recognize outstanding services by an adult individual or an organization for demonstrated involvement in the development and implementation of Scouting opportunities for youth from rural or low-income urban backgrounds. In 1973, The African American MBA Association at The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania held its first Annual Whitney M. Young Jr. Memorial Conference. After 38 years,

510-663: The National League for the Protection of Colored Women (founded in 1905), and was renamed the National League on Urban Conditions Among Negroes. Haynes served as the organization's first Executive Director. In 1918, Eugene K. Jones took the leadership of the organization. Under his direction, the League significantly expanded its multifaceted campaign to crack the barriers to black employment, spurred first by

561-800: The William C. Velasquez Institute , the Asian and Pacific Islander American Health Forum and the Americans for Indian Opportunity (replaced by the Native America Public Telecommunications). For more than a decade, from 1988 to April 2000, the CIC program did not grow beyond the original 5 organizations and languished due to a lack of funding and support. In April 2000, the Census Bureau renewed its commitment to close

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612-683: The " Black Cabinet ". In 1941, Lester Granger was appointed Executive Secretary and led the NUL's effort to support the March on Washington proposed by A. Philip Randolph , Bayard Rustin and A. J. Muste to protest racial discrimination in defense work and the military. A week before the March was scheduled to take place, President Roosevelt issued an executive order creating the Fair Employment Practices Committee . In

663-640: The Census Bureau admitted an additional 13 organizations. National Urban League The Committee on Urban Conditions Among Negroes was founded in New York City on September 29, 1910, by Ruth Standish Baldwin and Dr. George Edmund Haynes , among others. It merged with the Committee for the Improvement of Industrial Conditions Among Negroes in New York (founded in New York in 1906) and

714-432: The League, Young pushed major corporations to hire more blacks. In doing so, he fostered close relationships with CEOs such as Henry Ford II , leading some blacks to charge that Young had sold out to the white establishment. Young denied these charges and stressed the importance of working within the system to effect change. Still, Young was not afraid to take a bold stand in favor of civil rights. For instance, in 1963, Young

765-510: The League, he initiated programs such as "Street Academy", an alternative education system to prepare high school dropouts for college; and "New Thrust", an effort to help local black leaders identify and solve community problems. Young also pushed for federal aid to cities. Clarence M. Pendleton, Jr. , was, from 1975 to 1981, the head of the Urban League in San Diego, California . In 1981, U.S. President Ronald W. Reagan tapped Pendleton as

816-549: The National Urban League launched a weekly podcast, For the Movement , which discusses persistent policy, social and civil rights issues affecting communities of color. The State of Black America is an annual report published by the league. The presidents (or executive directors) of the National Urban League have been: Whitney Young Whitney Moore Young Jr. (July 31, 1921 – March 11, 1971)

867-760: The United States federal government's War on Poverty in the 1960s. Young was born in Shelby County, Kentucky , on July 31, 1921. His father, Whitney M. Young Sr. , was the president of the Lincoln Institute , and served twice as the president of the Kentucky Negro Educational Association. Whitney's mother, Laura (Ray) Young, was a teacher who served as the first female postmistress in Kentucky (second in

918-547: The United States), being appointed to that position by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1940. Young enrolled in the Lincoln Institute at the age of 13, graduating as his class valedictorian, with his sister Margaret becoming salutatorian, in 1937. Young earned his Bachelor of Science in social work from Kentucky State University , a historically black institution. Young had aspirations of becoming

969-522: The Urban League until his death in 1971. The Urban League had traditionally been a cautious and moderate organization with many white members. During Young's ten-year tenure at the League, he brought the organization to the forefront of the American Civil Rights Movement . He both greatly expanded its mission and kept the support of influential white business and political leaders. In a 1964 interview with Robert Penn Warren for

1020-539: The Urban League. Young had a particularly close relationship with President Johnson, and in 1969, Johnson honored Young with the highest civilian award, the Presidential Medal of Freedom . Young, in turn, was impressed by Johnson's commitment to civil rights. Despite their close personal relationship, Young was frustrated by Johnson's attempts to use him to balance Martin Luther King's opposition to

1071-1158: The Whitney M. Young Jr. Memorial Conference is the longest student-run conference held at The Wharton School. The America center in Lagos, Nigeria located within the U.S. Consulate which was formerly the Information resource center in Lagos has also been named after him. Schools named after Young include Whitney M. Young Magnet High School in Chicago, Whitney M. Young Gifted & Talented Leadership Academy in Cleveland , Ohio , Whitney Young Early Childhood Center in Fort Wayne, Indiana, Whitney Young School in Louisville, KY, and Whitney M. Young Elementary in Dallas , Texas . The Whitney M. Young Health Center in Albany, New York

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1122-506: The architecture profession , which has been and continues to be predominantly white. Young also pushed for federal aid to cities, proposing a domestic " Marshall Plan ". This plan, which called for $ 145 billion in spending over 10 years, was partially incorporated into President Lyndon B. Johnson's War on Poverty . Young described his proposals for integration, social programs, and affirmative action in his two books, To Be Equal (1964) and Beyond Racism (1969). As executive director of

1173-543: The areas of education, health care, housing, jobs, and justice—providing services to more than 3 million people nationwide. The organization also has a Washington Bureau that serves as its research, policy and advocacy arm on issues relating to Congress and the Administration. The National Urban League is an organizational member of the Coalition to Stop Gun Violence , which advocates gun control . In 1989, it

1224-539: The book Who Speaks for the Negro? and archived at the Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History , Young expressed the mission of the Urban League not as ground-level activism in itself but as the supplement and complement of the activities of all other organizations; he states, "we are the social engineers, we are the strategists, we are the planners, we are the people who work at the level of policy-making, policy implementation,

1275-495: The boom years of the 1920s, and then by the desperate years of the Great Depression . In 1920, the organization took its present name, the National Urban League. The mission of the Urban League movement, as stated by the National Urban League, is "to enable African Americans to secure economic self-reliance, parity, power and civil rights." When the organization expanded its facilities to conduct more research in 1920,

1326-475: The chairman of the United States Commission on Civil Rights , a position which he held until his sudden death in 1988. Pendleton sought to steer the commission in the conservative direction in line with Reagan's views on social and civil rights policies. In 1994, Hugh Price was appointed as president of the Urban League. In 2003, Marc Morial , former mayor of New Orleans, Louisiana ,

1377-665: The chapter tripled its number of paying members. While he was president of the Omaha Urban League, Young taught at the University of Nebraska from 1950 to 1954, and Creighton University from 1951 to 1952. In 1954, he took up his next position, as the first dean of social work at Atlanta University . There, Young supported alumni in their boycott of the Georgia Conference of Social Welfare in response to low rates of African-American employment within

1428-566: The congregation were active in the civil rights movement, and the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. , then assistant to his father at nearby Ebenezer Baptist Church, was a pulpit guest. In 1957, he co-authored Some Pioneers in Social Work: brief sketches; student work book with Florence V. Adams . In 1960, Young was awarded a Rockefeller Foundation grant for a postgraduate year at Harvard University . In

1479-399: The current social issues. To address the lack of diversity in the profession, the AIA revised their Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct to ban discrimination based on sex, race or religion and was expanded in subsequent years to include place of origin, disabled status and sexual orientation or gender identity. The institute also created a Whitney M. Young Jr. Award for those that embodies

1530-547: The design process. Young served as president of the National Association of Social Workers (NASW), from 1969 to 1971. He took office at a time of fiscal instability in the association and uncertainty about President Nixon's continuing commitment to the "War on Poverty" and to ending the war in Vietnam. At the 1969 NASW Delegate Assembly Young stated, First of all, I think the country is in deep trouble. We, as

1581-573: The expansion of activism in the civil rights movement, which provoked a change for the League. Young substantially expanded the League's fund-raising ability and made the League a full partner in the civil rights movement. In 1963, the League hosted the planning meetings of A. Philip Randolph , Martin Luther King Jr. and other civil rights leaders for the August March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom . During Young's ten-year tenure at

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1632-528: The highest echelons of the corporate community, the highest echelons of the governmental community – both at the federal, state and local level – the highest echelons of the labor movement." As part of the League's new mission, Young initiated programs like "Street Academy", an alternative education system to prepare high school dropouts for college, and "New Thrust", an effort to help local black leaders identify and solve community problems. He also pushed for initiatives like scholarships to recruit black people into

1683-460: The increasingly unpopular Vietnam War . Young publicly supported Johnson's war policy, but came to oppose the war after the end of Johnson's presidency. In 1968, as part of an FBI organized COINTELPRO operation against the Black liberation movement, Herman B. Ferguson and Arthur Harris were convicted of conspiring to murder Young. The police infiltrators who concocted this frame-up portrayed it as

1734-732: The institute's silent stance on the turmoil in the country and urged them to stand up and endorse the efforts of John F. Kennedy & Martin Luther King Jr. in their actions. In response to Young's words, the Institute created two separate resolutions to advance the organizations initiative for diversity and social equality: one created a scholarship program, the AIA/Architects Foundation Diversity Advancement Scholarship, specifically for minorities who wanted to study architecture and another called architects to be actively engaged in

1785-543: The minority and economic gap in data access by expanding the CIC Program to include 54 additional organizations representing under-served communities, bringing the number of Program participants to 59 organizations. Funding was made available for training, data products, postage and staff to ensure the success of the Program. Between 2000 and 2005 15 organizations left the program for various reasons. In September 2006,

1836-535: The new Department of Research came under the charge of Lillian Anderson Turner Alexander , a rising civil rights activist recruited by Jones. Jones played a significant role in President Franklin D. Roosevelt 's administration, taking leave from the League to head the Department of Commerce unit for the study of "Negro problems", and serving as part of a group of African-American advisors known as

1887-631: The organization. In December, 1954, Young and his wife Margaret were the first blacks to join the United Liberal Church (since 1965, named the Unitarian Universalist Congregation of Atlanta), and Whitney would eventually join its board of trustees. Due in part to the Youngs' influence, the church stopped having its annual picnics at segregated parks and became "integrated not just desegregated." Many in

1938-650: The profession kept pace with the troubling social and human challenges it was facing. NASW News articles document his call to action for social workers to address social welfare through poverty reduction, race reconciliation, and putting an end to the War in Vietnam. In the NASW News , July 1970, he challenged his professional social work organization to take leadership in the national struggle for social welfare: The crisis in health and welfare services in our nation today highlights for NASW what many of us have been stressing for

1989-590: The same year, he joined the NAACP and rose to become state president, where he was also a close friend of Roy Wilkins , its executive director . In 1961, at age 40, Young became executive director of the National Urban League. He was unanimously selected by the National Urban League's Board of Directors, succeeding Lester Granger on October 1, 1961. Within four years he expanded the organization from 38 employees to 1,600 employees; and from an annual budget of $ 325,000 to one of $ 6,100,000. Young served as President of

2040-453: The school of Social Work at Clark Atlanta University , which now bears his name. In his last column as President for NASW, Young wrote, "whatever we do we should tell the public what we are doing and why. They have to hear from social workers as much as they hear from reporters and government officials." On March 11, 1971, Young drowned while swimming with friends in Lagos , Nigeria , where he

2091-614: The social principles of equity and justice that Young fought for. "Community design" emerged as an initiative for architects to engage with people in urban projects, instead of working exclusively alone. Young's speech served as a driver for those that were previously frustrated with architecture and urban design. The AIA then started the Regional/Urban Design Assistance Team Program and Center for Communities by Design as programs that work for community development and include community members in

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2142-567: The wake of World War II , Black veterans who fought racial hatred overseas returned to the United States determined to fight it at home, giving new energy to the Civil Rights Movement . As hundreds of thousands of new jobs opened up, shifting the economy from industrial manufacturing to a white-collar, service-oriented economy, the National Urban League turned its attention to placing HBCU graduates in professional positions. In 1961, Whitney Young became executive director amidst

2193-540: The war, Young joined his wife, Margaret , at the University of Minnesota , where he earned a master's degree in social work in 1947 and volunteered for the St. Paul branch of the National Urban League. He was then appointed as the industrial relations secretary in that branch in 1949. In 1950, Young became president of the National Urban League's Omaha, Nebraska chapter. In that position, he helped get black workers into jobs previously reserved for whites. Under his leadership,

2244-472: Was also named after him. The American Institute of Architects honors annually a recipient of the Whitney Young Jr award. In 2019 this award was received by Karen Braitmayer for her contributions to universal design The documentary, The Powerbroker: Whitney Young's Fight for Civil Rights , directed by Christine Khalafian and Taylor Hamilton, chronicles Young's rise from segregated Kentucky to

2295-403: Was an American civil rights leader. Trained as a social worker , he spent most of his career working to end employment discrimination in the United States and turning the National Urban League from a relatively passive civil rights organization into one that aggressively worked for equitable access to socioeconomic opportunity for the historically disenfranchised. Young was influential in

2346-461: Was appointed the league's eighth President and Chief Executive Officer. He worked to reenergize the movement's diverse constituencies by building on the legacy of the organization and increasing the profile of the organization. Today, the National Urban League has 92 affiliates serving 300 communities, in 36 states and the District of Columbia. The National Urban League provides direct services in

2397-564: Was attending a conference sponsored by the African-American Institute. President Nixon sent a plane to Nigeria to collect Young's body and traveled to Kentucky to deliver the eulogy at Young's funeral. In 1944, he married Margaret Buckner Young . They had two daughters and moved to New Rochelle in 1961. Marcia Young Cantarella, PhD has been a dean or senior administrator at several colleges including NYU, Princeton and Hunter Colleges, serves on several boards and

2448-411: Was one of the organizers of the March on Washington despite the opposition of many white business leaders. Despite his reluctance to enter politics himself, Young was an important advisor to Presidents Kennedy , Johnson , and Nixon . In 1968, representatives of President-elect Richard Nixon tried to interest Young in a Cabinet post, but Young refused, believing that he could accomplish more through

2499-806: Was that "he knew how to accomplish what other people were merely for". Young's work was considered instrumental in breaking down the barriers of segregation and inequality that held back African Americans. Many sites across the country are named after Young or have memorials dedicated to him. For instance, in 1973, the East Capitol Street Bridge in Washington, D.C. , was renamed the Whitney Young Memorial Bridge in his honor. Young's birthplace ( Whitney Young Birthplace and Museum ) in Shelby County, Kentucky

2550-625: Was the beneficiary of all proceeds from the Stop the Violence Movement and their hip hop single, "Self Destruction". In May 2017, the National Urban League produced the State of Black America TV Town Hall, which aired on TV One in 2017 and 2018. The TV Town Hall elevated social issues related to African Americans through an interview style format with celebrity guests. The show was executive produced by Rhonda Spears Bell. In February 2018,

2601-418: Was then assigned to a road construction crew of black soldiers supervised by Southern white officers. After just three weeks, he was promoted from private to first sergeant, creating hostility on both sides. Despite the tension, Young was able to mediate effectively between his white officers and black soldiers angry at their poor treatment. This situation propelled Young into a career in race relations. After

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