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47-740: The General Office's establishment date is uncertain, though it existed by 1942 as Li Fuchun was its chief at that time; previously, its functions were exercised by the Organization Department or technical secretariats. The General Office is responsible for handling the day-to-day operations of the Central Committee, Secretariat, Politburo, and the Politburo Standing Committee . It is in charge of assisting in drafting, revising and editing and circulating party directives and internal memos, as well as

94-904: A "general report conference of the Centre's political work" in October 1966, Mao Zedong said of him: "Li Fuchun has been asked to rest for a year. Even I do not know who is in charge of the Planning Commission. Fuchun respects the Party discipline. He told some things to the Secretariat which were not reported to me." Later, in February 1967 he openly attacked the Cultural Revolution during a meeting along with other top leaders like Chen Yi , Li Xiannian and Nie Rongzhen ; as

141-419: A cattle breeding plan was implemented in 2002, the province has become one of China's main dairy production areas. Ningxia is the principal region of China where wolfberries are grown. Other specialties of Ningxia are licorice , products made from Helan stone, fiddlehead and products made from sheepskin . Ningxia wines are a promising area of development. The Chinese authorities have given approval to

188-928: A grape plantation near the Helan Mountains. The household appliance company Midea has also begun participating in Ningxia's wine industry. Vineyards have been set up in the region. Ningxia was a major recipient of China's investment in industrial capacity during the Third Front campaign. Yinchuan Economic and Technological Development Zone was established in 1992. Spanning 32 km (12 sq mi), it has an annual economic output Rmb23.7 billion (25.1% up) (US$ 3.5 billion). Major investors are mainly local enterprises such as Kocel Steel Foundry, FAG Railway Bearing (Ningxia), Ningxia Little Giant Machine Tools, etc. Major industries include machinery and equipment manufacturing, new materials, fine chemicals and

235-530: A result, they were labeled as the February Countercurrent and thoroughly criticized as revisionists. Despite being part of the "February Countercurrent", Li Fuchun was elected to the 9th CCP Central Committee in 1969. After the fall of Lin Biao in 1971, Mao Zedong declared that the "February Countercurrent" was a closed chapter, and so Li Fuchun was completely rehabilitated. He was elected to

282-619: A special clay stone. The politics of Ningxia is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China . The Chairman of the Autonomous Region is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Ningxia. In its dual-party government system, the chairman has less power than the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Ningxia Committee Secretary, colloquially termed

329-488: A total length of approximately 1397 kilometers) has been built from Qin dynasty . Extensive land reclamation and irrigation projects have made increased cultivation possible. The arid region of Xihaigu , which covers large parts of the province, suffers from severe water shortage , which the canals were intended to alleviate. Ningxia was the core area of the Western Xia in the 11th–13th centuries, established by

376-517: Is responsible for administrative staff and political secretaries, collecting briefing information, organizing inspection tours, managing the finances of the CCP, and handling logistics and liaisons with other top-level CCP organizations. Although its business is often not overtly political, its Directors have historically had close connections with the CCP's top leaders, and usually join the Politburo or

423-6934: The 10th CCP Central Committee in 1973 and also to the 4th National People's Congress in 1974, but he could not attend it as he died on January 9, 1975, just 4 days before its first session. He is still regarded as one of the main founders of China's socialist economy . 0 1 Internal Affairs Xie Juezai 0 2 Ministry of Foreign Affairs Zhou Enlai 0 3 Ministry of National Defense Peng Dehuai 0 4 Ministry of Public Security Luo Ruiqing 0 5 Ministry of Justice Shi Liang ♀ 0 6 Ministry of Supervision Qian Ying ♀ 0 7 State Planning Commission Li Fuchun 0 8 State Infrastructure Commission Bo Yibo → Wang Heshou 0 9 Ministry of Finance Li Xiannian 0 10 Ministry of Food Zhang Naiqi 0 11 Ministry of Commerce Zeng Shan 0 12 Ministry of Foreign Trade Ye Jizhuang 0 13 Ministry of Heavy Industry/ Ministry of Metallurgical Industry Wang Heshou 0 14 Ministry of Chemical Industry Peng Tao 0 15 Ministry of Building Materials Industry Lai Jifa 0 16 First Ministry of Machine Building Huang Jing 0 17 Second Ministry of Machine Building Zhao Erlu 0 18 Ministry Of Fuel Industries Chen Yu 0 19 Ministry of Geology Li Siguang 0 20 Ministry of Building Construction Liu Xiufeng 0 21 Ministry of Textile Industry Jiang Guangnai 0 22 Ministry of Light Industry Jia Tuofu → Sha Qianli 0 23 Ministry of Local Industry Sha Qianli 0 24 Ministry of Railways Teng Daiyuan 0 25 Ministry of Transport Zhang Bojun 0 26 Ministry of Posts & Telecommunications Zhu Xuefan 0 27 Ministry of Agriculture Liao Luyan 0 28 Ministry of Forestry Liang Xi 0 29 Ministry of Water Resources Fu Zuoyi 0 30 Ministry of Labor Ma Wenrui 0 31 Ministry of Culture Shen Yanbing 0 32 Ministry of Higher Education Yang Xiufeng 0 33 Ministry of Education Zhang Xiruo 0 34 Ministry of Health Li Dequan ♀ 0 35 Commission for Physical Culture and Sports He Long 0 36 Ethnic Affairs Commission Ulanhu 0 37 Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission He Xiangning ♀ 0 38 Third Ministry of Machine Building Zhang Linzhi 0 39 National Economic Commission Bo Yibo 0 40 National Technical Commission Huang Jing 0 41 Ministry of Urban Development Wan Li 0 42 Ministry of Food Industry Li Zhuchen 0 43 Ministry of Aquatic Products Xu Deheng 0 44 Ministry of State Farms and Land Reclamation Wang Zhen 0 45 Ministry of Timber Industry Luo Longji 0 1 Internal Affairs Qian Ying → Zeng Shan 0 2 Foreign Affairs Chen Yi 0 3 National Defense Peng Dehuai → Lin Biao 0 4 Public Security Luo Ruiqing → Xie Fuzhi 0 5 National Basic Construction Commission Chen Yun 0 6 State Planning Commission Li Fuchun 0 7 National Economic Commission Bo Yibo 0 8 National Science and Technology Commission Nie Rongzhen 0 9 Finance Li Xiannian 0 10 Food Sha Qianli 0 11 Commerce Cheng Zihua → Yao Yilin 0 12 Foreign Trade Ye Jizhuang 0 13 Aquatic Products Xu Deheng 0 14 Metallurgical Industry Wang Heshou 0 15 Chemical Industry Peng Tao 0 16 First Ministry of Machine Building Zhao Erlu → Duan Junyi 0 17 Second Ministry of Machine Building Song Renqiong → Liu Jie 0 18 Coal Industry Zhang Linzhi 0 19 Petroleum Industry Yu Qiuli 0 20 Geology Li Siguang 0 21 Building Construction Liu Xiufeng 0 22 Textile Industry Jiang Guangnai 0 23 Light Industry Li Zhuchen 0 24 Railways Teng Daiyuan 0 25 Transport Wang Shoudao 0 26 Posts & Telecommunications Zhu Xuefan 0 27 Ministry of Agriculture Liao Luyan 0 28 State Farms and Land Reclamation Wang Zhen 0 29 Forestry Liu Wenhui 0 30 Water Resources and Electric Power Fu Zuoyi 0 31 Labor Ma Wenrui 0 32 Culture Mao Dun 0 33 Education Yang Xiufeng 0 34 Ministry of Health Li Dequan ♀ 0 35 Commission for Physical Culture and Sports He Long 0 36 Ethnic Affairs Commission Ulanhu 0 37 Foreign Cultural Liaison Commission Zhang Xiruo 0 38 Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission Liao Chengzhi 0 39 Agricultural Machinery Chen Zhengren 0 40 Machinery Industry Zhang Liankui → Sun Zhiyuan 0 1 Foreign Affairs Chen Yi 0 2 National Defense Lin Biao 0 3 State Planning Commission Li Fuchun 0 4 National Economic Commission Bo Yibo 0 5 Science and Technology Commission Nie Rongzhen 0 6 Public Security Xie Fuzhi 0 7 Internal Affairs Zeng Shan 0 8 Ethnic Affairs Commission Ulanhu 0 9 Ministry of Agriculture Liao Luyan 0 10 State Farms and Land Reclamation Wang Zhen 0 11 Forestry Liu Wenhui 0 12 Aquatic Products Xu Deheng 0 13 Metallurgical Industry Lü Dong 0 14 Chemical Industry Gao Yang 0 15 First Ministry of Machine Building Duan Junyi 0 16 Second Ministry of Machine Building Liu Jie 0 17 Third Ministry of Machine Building Sun Zhiyuan 0 18 Fourth Ministry of Machine Building Wang Zheng  [ zh ] 0 19 Fifth Ministry of Machine Building Qiu Chuangcheng 0 20 Sixth Ministry of Machine Building Fang Qiang  [ zh ] 0 21 Seventh Ministry of Machine Building Wang Bingzhang 0 22 Eighth Ministry of Machine Building Chen Zhengren 0 23 Coal Industry Zhang Linzhi 0 24 Petroleum and Chemical Industries Yu Qiuli 0 25 Water Resources and Electric Power Fu Zuoyi 0 26 Geology Li Siguang 0 27 Building Construction Li Renjun  [ zh ] → Liu Yumin  [ zh ] 0 28 Building Materials Industry Lai Jifa 0 29 Textile Industry Jiang Guangnai 0 30 Light Industry Li Zhuchen 0 31 Railways Lü Zhengcao 0 32 Transport Sun Daguang 0 33 Posts & Telecommunications Zhu Xuefan 0 33 Material Management Yuan Baohua 0 34 Labor Ma Wenrui 0 35 Finance Li Xiannian 0 36 Food Sha Qianli 0 37 Ministry of Commerce Yao Yilin 0 38 Foreign Trade Ye Jizhuang 0 39 Culture Lu Dingyi 0 40 Education He Wei  [ zh ] 0 41 Higher Education Jiang Nanxiang 0 42 Ministry of Health Qian Xinzhong 0 43 Commission for Physical Culture and Sports He Long 0 44 Foreign Cultural Liaison Committee Zhang Xiruo 0 45 Foreign Economic Liaison Committee Fang Yi 0 46 Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission Liao Chengzhi 0 47 Second Ministry of Light Industry Xu Yunbei 0 48 National Basic Construction Commission Gu Mu Ningxia Ningxia , officially

470-593: The Chinese government merged Ningxia with Gansu, but in 1958 Ningxia formally became an autonomous region of China . In 1969, Ningxia received a part of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, but this area was returned in 1979. A number of Chinese artifacts dating from the Tang dynasty and Song dynasty , some of which had been owned by Emperor Zhenzong , were excavated and then came into

517-815: The General Office . In 1945 he was elected member of the CCP Central Committee . During the 1945–1949 Liberation War (the final showdown between Communists and Nationalists), he had an important role in ruling Northern China, serving simultaneously as secretary of the CCP Manchuria Sub-Bureau, standing committee member and deputy secretary of the CCP Northeast Bureau, vice-chairman of the Northeast People's Government and deputy political commissar of

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564-535: The Hui ethnic group, relied largely on animal grazing , subsistence agriculture and the cultivation of wolfberries used in traditional Chinese medicine . Since then, winemaking has become the premier specialty of Ningxia, and the province devotes almost 40,000 hectares to vineyards and producing 120 million bottles of wine in 2017 – a quarter of the entire nation's production. The earliest human activity in Ningxia can be traced back to 30,000 years ago, with remains of

611-919: The Long March , during which he was vice-director of the General Political Department of the Red Army and political commissar. He later served as secretary of the CCP Committee for Shaanxi – Gansu – Ningxia . During the Second Sino-Japanese War , he held a number of jobs, including deputy head of the CCP Central Organization Department , head of the CCP Central Economic and Financial Department, and director of

658-573: The Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region , is an autonomous region in Northwestern China . Formerly a province , Ningxia was incorporated into Gansu in 1954 but was later separated from Gansu in 1958 and reconstituted as an autonomous region for the Hui people , one of the 56 officially recognised nationalities of China . Twenty percent of China's Hui population lives in Ningxia. Ningxia is bounded by Shaanxi to

705-587: The Office of the General Secretary , whose director may also, but not necessarily, conterminously hold the position of Director of the General Office. This Chinese politics –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Li Fuchun Li Fuchun ( Chinese : 李富春 ; pinyin : Lǐ Fùchūn ; Wade–Giles : Li Fu-ch'un ; May 22, 1900 – January 9, 1975)

752-579: The Secretariat after their period leading the General Office. The Director of the General office has been informally referred to as the " Danei Zongguan " ( 大内总管 ), roughly translated as "the gatekeeper". While the Director of the General Office is sometimes referred to as an analogue to the party General Secretary's " Chief of Staff ", the General Secretary also maintains a personal staff as part of

799-693: The Shuidonggou Culture found in Lingwu . As a frontier zone between nomadic pastoralists and sedentary farmers, Ningxia was a frequent seat of war and incursions by non-Chinese tribes. Ningxia and its surrounding areas were incorporated into the Qin as the Beidi Commandery as early as the 3rd century BC. To pacify the region, the imperial government established military colonies to reclaim land. In addition, horse pasturages were founded under

846-833: The Soviet Union , but he returned in China to take part at the Northern Expedition , serving as head of the political division of the National Revolutionary Army 's 2nd Army and acting CCP secretary of Jiangxi Province . It was in this period that he met Mao Zedong , working with him at the Peasant Movement Training Institute. Li Fuchun took part at all the Communist Party's major campaigns, including

893-650: The Yellow River . The Ningxia ecosystem is one of the least studied regions in the world. Significant irrigation supports the growing of wolfberries , a commonly consumed fruit throughout the region. Ningxia's deserts include the Tengger desert in Shapotou . The northern section, through which the Yellow River flows, supports the best agricultural land. A railroad, linking Lanzhou with Baotou , crosses

940-444: The "Ningxia CCP Party Chief ". Ningxia has a friendship agreement with Sogn og Fjordane county of Norway. Ningxia is divided into five prefecture-level divisions : all prefecture-level cities : The five prefecture-level cities of Ningxia are subdivided into 22 county-level divisions (9 districts , 2 county-level cities , and 11 counties ). Rural Ningxia was for long an officially designated poverty area, and remains on

987-810: The Autonomous Region's People's Government. The region is 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) from the sea and has an arid continental climate on the north to humid continental climate to the south, with average summer temperatures rising to 17 to 24 °C (63 to 75 °F) in July and average winter temperatures dropping to between −7 and −15 °C (19 and 5 °F) in January. Seasonal extreme temperatures can reach 39 °C (102 °F) in summer and −30 °C (−22 °F) in winter. The diurnal temperature variation can reach above 17 °C (31 °F), especially in spring. Annual rainfall averages from 190 to 700 millimetres (7.5 to 27.6 in), with more rain falling in

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1034-692: The Imperial Stud to safeguard the supply of army horses, as early as the Western Han dynasty (206 BC – AD 9). Throughout the Han dynasty and the Tang dynasty there were several large cities established in the region. The Liang Province rebellion at the end of the Han Dynasty affected Ningxia. By the 11th century the Tangut people had established the Western Xia dynasty on the outskirts of

1081-661: The Northeast Military Region. With the establishment of the People's Republic of China , both Li Fuchun and Cai Chang were transferred to Beijing . While she served as chairwoman of the All-China Women's Federation (a post she held until 1978), Li Fuchun was appointed deputy head of the Central Economic and Financial Commission under Chen Yun and Minister of Heavy Industry . In 1954 he

1128-456: The Planning Commission and in this role he set design rules stating that Third Front projects should not attempt to be "big and complete" or incorporate major administrative, social service, or other buildings not involved in production. Instead, project leaders were directed to make do with what was available, including building rammed earth housing so that more resources could be directed to production. This policy came to be expressed through

1175-549: The Tangut people; its name, "Peaceful Xia", derived from the Mongol conquest of the state . The Tanguts made significant achievements in literature, art, music, and architecture, particularly invented Tangut script . Long one of the country's poorest areas, a small winemaking industry has become economically important since the 1980s. Before the arrival of viticulture , Ningxia's 6.8 million people, 36 per cent of whom are Muslims from

1222-569: The animation industry. Desheng Industrial Park (in Helan County ) is a base for about 400 enterprises. The industrial park has industrial chains from Muslim food and commodities to trade and logistics, new materials and bio-pharmaceuticals that has 80 billion yuan in fixed assets. Desheng is looking to be the most promising industrial park in the city. It achieved a total output value of 4.85 billion in 2008, up 40 percent year-on-year. The local government plans to cut taxes and other fees to reduce

1269-490: The burden on local enterprises. The industrial output value reached 2.68 billion yuan in 2008, an increase of 48 percent from a year earlier. Religion in Ningxia (around 2010) Islam is the single biggest religious tradition in Ningxia, adhered to by 34% of the population according to a 2010 survey. Many of the Han Chinese practise Chinese folk religions , Taoism , Confucianism and Chinese Buddhism . Christianity

1316-465: The classification of party information. The General Office also transmits and ensures the implementation of the instructions from the top-level, formulates CCP regulations, and supervises legislation. The General Office is also in charge of arranging logistics for major events and meetings of the Central Committee and its Politburo, and for preparing agendas, recording and filing meeting minutes, and distribution of communications to meeting stakeholders. It

1363-509: The development of the eastern base of the Helan Mountains as an area suitable for wine production. Several large Chinese wine companies including Changyu and Dynasty Wine have begun development in the western region of the province. Together they now own 20,000 acres of land for wine plantations and Dynasty has ploughed 100 million yuan into Ningxia. In addition, the major oil company China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation has founded

1410-548: The east, Gansu to the south and west and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to the north and has an area of around 66,400 square kilometres (25,600 sq mi). This sparsely settled, mostly desert region lies partially on the Loess Plateau and in the vast plain of the Yellow River and features the Great Wall of China along its northeastern boundary. Over about 2000 years, an extensive system of canals (with

1457-569: The extent to which this degradation occurs over space and time. Historical research has also found limited evidence of expanding grassland degradation and desertification in Ningxia. A major component of land management in Ningxia is a ban on open grazing, which has been in place since 2003. The ecological and socio-economic effects of this Grazing Ban in relation to the grasslands and pastoralists' livelihood are contested. The ban stipulates that animal husbandry be limited to enclosed pens and no open grazing be permitted in certain time periods set by

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1504-538: The hands of Ma Hongkui, who refused to publicize the findings. Among the artifacts were a white marble tablet from the Tang dynasty, gold nails, and bands made out of metal. It was not until after Ma Hongkui died that his wife went to Taiwan in 1971 from America to bring the artifacts to Chiang Kai-shek , who turned them over to the Taipei National Palace Museum . Present-day Ningxia is one of

1551-409: The lower rungs of the developmental ladder. Its nominal GDP in 2023 was 531.50 billion yuan (US$ 75.43 billion) and its per capita GDP 72,957 yuan (US$ 10,353). It comprises 0.42% of the national economy . Similar to other areas, Ningxia has seen a gradual decline of its peasant population due to rural–urban migration. Despite this, the great majority (62.8 percent) was still agricultural at the time of

1598-514: The nation's smallest provincial-level units and borders the provinces of Shaanxi and Gansu and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region . At 3556 meters above sea level, Aobaogeda ( 敖包疙瘩 ) in the Helan Mountains is the highest point in Ningxia. Ningxia is a relatively dry, desert-like region and features a diverse geography of forested mountains and hills, table lands, deserts, flood plains and basins cut through by

1645-501: The province. The Muslim conflict in Gansu , which lasted from 1927 to 1930, spilt over into Ningxia. In 1934, warlord and National Revolutionary Army general Sun Dianying attempted to conquer the province, but was defeated by an alliance led by the Ma clique . From 1950 to 1958, a Kuomintang Islamic insurgency resulted in fighting throughout Northwest China, including Ningxia. In 1954,

1692-464: The rarely found, top-grade gypsum accounts for half of the total deposits. The Hejiakouzi deposit in Tongxin County features a reserve of 20 million tons of gypsum with a total thickness of 100 meters. There is a considerable deposit of quartz sandstone, of which 17 million tons have been ascertained. In addition, there are phosphorus, flint, copper, iron, barite, other minerals and Helan stone –

1739-500: The region's total surface consisted of grassland . This figure is down from approximately 40 percent in the 1990s. The grasslands are spread over the dry desert-steppe area in the northeast (which forms a part of the Inner Mongolian steppe region), and the hilly pastures located on the semi-arid Loess Plateau in the south. It is ascertained that the grasslands of Ningxia have been degraded to various degrees. Scientists debate

1786-522: The region. A highway has been built across the Yellow River at Yinchuan. On 16 December 1920, the Haiyuan earthquake , 8.6 magnitude, at 36°36′N 105°19′E  /  36.6°N 105.32°E  / 36.6; 105.32 , initiated a series of landslides that killed an estimated 200,000 people. Over 600 large loess landslides created more than 40 new lakes. It was reported that approximately 34 percent (33.85 million mu ; 22,600 km ) of

1833-528: The slogan, "First build the factory and afterward housing." At the start of the Cultural Revolution , during a reshuffle of the Party's central authority at the 11th Plenary Session of the 8th CCP Central Committee in August 1966, Li Fuchun was elected to the top Politburo Standing Committee . However, he started to manifest his intolerance towards the course of the Cultural Revolution. During

1880-474: The south of the region. Ningxia is rich in mineral resources with proven deposits of 34 kinds of minerals, much of which located in grassland areas. In 2011 it was estimated that the potential value per capita of these resources accounted for 163.5 percent of the nation's average. Ningxia boasts verified coal reserves of over 30 billion tons, with an estimated reserve of more than 202 billion tons, ranking sixth nationwide. Coal deposits are spread over one-third of

1927-429: The survey. Animal husbandry is important for the regional economy. In the main pastoral county, Yanchi, it is even the leading industry when specified for the primary sector. The dominant grazing animals are sheep and goat. In the (semi-)pastoral regions, herders engage in a mixed sedentary farming operation of dryland agriculture and extensive animal husbandry, while full nomadic pastoralism is no longer practiced. Since

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1974-589: The then- Song dynasty . Jews also lived in Ningxia, as evidenced by the fact that in 1489, after a major flood destroyed Torah scrolls in Kaifeng , a replacement set was sent to the Kaifeng Jews by the Ningbo and Ningxia Jewish communities . It then came under Mongol domination after Genghis Khan conquered Yinchuan in the early 13th century. Muslims from Central Asia also began moving into Ningxia from

2021-514: The total surface of Ningxia, and mined in four major fields in the Helan and Xiangshan mountains, Ningdong and Yuanzhou (or Guyuan). The region's reserves of oil and natural gas can be found in Yanchi and Lingwu County, and are ideal for large-scale development of oil, natural gas and chemical industries. Ningxia leads China in gypsum deposits, with a proven reserve of more than 4.5 billion tons, of which

2068-458: The west. By the late 17th century, Ningxia had become a weaving centre, producing many early Chinese carpets. The Muslim Dungan Revolt of the 19th century affected Ningxia. In 1914, Ningxia was merged with the province of Gansu . In 1928, it became a separate province. Between 1914 and 1928, the Ma clique ruled the provinces of Qinghai , Ningxia and Gansu; General Ma Hongkui was the military governor of Ningxia and had absolute authority in

2115-645: Was a Chinese Communist revolutionary and politician. He served as a Vice Premier of China . Li Fuchun was born in Changsha , Hunan Province . After completing middle school in his home province, in 1919 he traveled to France to attend a work-study program and here he started his political activity. Fascinated by Marxism , in 1921 he joined the Socialist Youth of China and, in 1922, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The following year he married Cai Chang , Cai Hesen 's sister. In 1925 he went to study in

2162-731: Was promoted to vice premier and chairman of the State Planning Commission , with the task of overseeing socialist economy planning in China. In 1956 he was also appointed member of the CCP Politburo , and co-opted in the CCP Secretariat in 1958. In 1964, Li and Bo Yibo traveled to southwest China to convey Mao's selection of Panzhihua as the future basis for steel industry development during China's Third Front construction. Li Fuchun became director of

2209-514: Was the religion of 1.17% of the province's population according to the Chinese General Social Survey of 2004. In 2008, there were 3,760 mosques in Ningxia, which is about one per 1730 residents. One of Ningxia's main tourist spots is the internationally renowned Xixia Tombs site located 30 km (19 mi) west of Yinchuan . The remnants of nine Western Xia emperors' tombs and two hundred other tombs lie within

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