The Science History Institute is an institution that preserves and promotes understanding of the history of science . Located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , it includes a library , museum , archive , research center and conference center .
104-841: It was founded in 1982 as a joint venture of the American Chemical Society and the University of Pennsylvania , as the Center for the History of Chemistry ( CHOC ). The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) became a co-founder in 1984. It was renamed the Chemical Heritage Foundation ( CHF ) in 1992, and moved two years later to the institution's current location, 315 Chestnut Street in Old City . On December 1, 2015, CHF merged with
208-564: A c. 1980 's Automated Peptide Synthesizer created by Bruce Merrifield . The foundation expanded its instrument collections slowly, mostly through donations of single instruments or small groups of instruments. In 2000, the CIMG was transformed into the Heritage Council Instruments and Artifacts Committee (HCIAC), which included staff and supporters and began meeting under founding chair W. Richard Howe. In 2002,
312-652: A German court refused to award monetary compensation to the ACS and Elsevier ; against Sci-Hub , which resulted in a non-enforceable judgement. The ACS was also found guilty in several lawsuits brought against the Society by its employees. The Chemists%27 Club The Chemists' Club is a private club in New York whose membership is open to research and industrial chemists from all areas. The Chemists' Club filed for incorporation on December 9, 1898. The Club's goal
416-528: A chemical museum" in the United States can be found in the Proceedings of the first meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS) in 1876. The idea of a Science History Institute dates to 1976, when the nation's bicentennial and the ACS' centennial stimulated interest in history and chemistry. As part of the ACS centennial activities, John H. Wotiz of its history-of-chemistry division organized
520-637: A debate between some research funders (including the federal government), which argued that research they funded should be presented freely to the public, and some publishers (including the ACS), which argued that the costs of peer-review and publishing justified their subscription prices. In 2006, Congress debated legislation that would have instructed the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to require all investigators it funded to submit copies of final, peer-reviewed journal articles to PubMed Central ,
624-611: A free-access digital repository it operates, within 12 months of publication. At the time the American Association of Publishers (of which ACS is a member) hired a public relations firm to counter the open access movement . In spite of publishers' opposition, the PubMed Central legislation was passed in December 2007 and became effective in 2008. As the open access issue has continued to evolve, so too has
728-625: A group of American chemists gathered at the Joseph Priestley House to mark the 100th anniversary of Priestley's discovery of oxygen . Although there was an American scientific society at that time (the American Association for the Advancement of Science , founded in 1848), the growth of chemistry in the U.S. prompted those assembled to consider founding a new society that would focus more directly on theoretical and applied chemistry. Two years later, on April 6, 1876, during
832-479: A large auditorium with a balcony. The second floor included a dining room, a billiard room, and other social areas. The third floor housed the library and museum. The fourth and fifth floors were living spaces for members. Above that, five floors were allocated to laboratory space fitted out with scientific apparatus for the use of members. Members could rent living and working space for days, weeks or months, according to their needs. If they wished, they could live at
936-675: A large concentration of staff in Columbus, Ohio . The ACS is a leading source of scientific information through its peer-reviewed scientific journals, national conferences, and the Chemical Abstracts Service . Its publications division produces over 80 scholarly journals including the prestigious Journal of the American Chemical Society , as well as the weekly trade magazine Chemical & Engineering News . The ACS holds national meetings twice
1040-685: A meeting of chemists at the University of the City of New York (now New York University ) the American Chemical Society was founded. The society received its charter of incorporation from the State of New York in 1877. Charles F. Chandler , a professor of chemistry at Columbia University who was instrumental in organizing the society said that such a body would "prove a powerful and healthy stimulus to original research, ... would awaken and develop much talent now wasting in isolation, ... [bring] members of
1144-529: A member of a wealthy New York banking family. He was determined to create a permanent space for the Chemists' Club, and actively campaigned to raise money for the project. When a suitable property was found, Loeb purchased it for $ 175,000, under his own name. The Chemists Building Company was subsequently formed, and sold shares of stock to help finance the project. These shares were later reclaimed through donation and purchase. Loeb personally donated $ 75,000 of
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#17327933323031248-449: A new constitution aimed at nationalizing the organization in 1890. In 1905, the American Chemical Society moved from New York City to Washington, D.C. ACS was reincorporated under a congressional charter in 1937. It was granted by the U.S. Congress and signed by president Franklin D. Roosevelt . ACS's headquarters moved to its current location in downtown Washington in 1941. ACS first established technical divisions in 1908 to foster
1352-436: A number of private collections including those of Charles F. Chandler, J. Meritt Matthews, John Mallet , Herman Frasch , Morris Loeb and Hugo Schweitzer. By 1913 the library was considered the largest chemical library in the country, and was opened to the public as well as to members. In 1914, it reportedly contained over 36,000 volumes and carried 400 journals. By 1928, it reportedly included 50,000 volumes. With
1456-621: A permanent building finally made it possible for the institution to develop "a public museum and display area". One possible focus was the history of instrumentation. As early as 1989, the Beckman Center had requested the loan or gift of Beckman Instruments such as the Beckman pH meter and the DU spectrophotometer for display at the center. Some of those instruments were included in an instrumentation exhibition organized by W. Richard Howe of
1560-474: A possible joint project with the Smithsonian . However, the center did not yet have exhibition or collections space to allow for the acquisition of any but the most limited quantities of documents. The center did curate a number of traveling exhibitions by collaborating with other organizations, including "Joseph Priestley: Enlightened Chemist", "Polymers and People", "Scaling Up", and "Chemical Education in
1664-471: A rental basis. An article in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry describes the need for such space: "A chemist with his laboratory is not welcome as a tenant in modern, high class, centrally located and well equipped buildings, and, as a result, in most of the cities, and particularly in New York, the chemist and his laboratory are crowded into the less desirable sections of the city, and then only in
1768-504: A restriction on the number of records that can be exported. None of the competing products, such as Web of Science (owned by Clarivate ), Scopus (owned by Elsevier ) and The Lens (owned by Cambia ) has similar restrictions. The ACS has been involved in numerous lawsuits regarding access to its databases, trademark rights, and copyrighted material. In many of these cases, the ACS lost or ended up with an unenforceable judgement. These include: Dialog v. American Chemical Society ,
1872-578: A session on the history of chemistry; he was a strong proponent of a national center for historical chemistry. In 1979, the ACS formed a task force chaired by Ned D. Heindel to look at creating a national center for the history of chemistry. Arnold Thackray , a professor in the Department of History and Sociology of Science at the University of Pennsylvania, and curator of the Edgar Fahs Smith Memorial Collection on
1976-438: A suit claiming antitrust violations in access to ACS databases, settled out of court in 1993; American Chemical Society v. Google , a suit claiming trademark violation, settled out of court in 2006; American Chemical Society v. Leadscope , a suit alleging stolen trade secrets, concluded in 2012 with ACS losing its trade secrets claim and Leadscope losing its counterclaim of defamation; against ResearchGate , where
2080-487: A year covering the complete field of chemistry and also holds smaller conferences concentrating on specific chemical fields or geographic regions. The primary source of income of the ACS is the Chemical Abstracts Service , a provider of chemical databases worldwide. The ACS has student chapters in virtually every major university in the United States and outside the United States as well. These student chapters mainly focus on volunteering opportunities, career development, and
2184-578: Is an open access chemical database developed by the NIH's National Center for Biotechnology Information . The ACS raised concerns that the publicly supported PubChem database would duplicate and unfairly compete with their existing fee-based Chemical Abstracts Service and argued that the database should only present data created by the Molecular Libraries Screening Center initiative of the NIH. The ACS lobbied members of
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#17327933323032288-410: Is organized around thematic arcs illustrative of the history of science, particularly chemistry. Displays include the influence of alchemy in early chemistry, the development of the first plastics, the development of brilliantly colored synthetic dyes, scientific advocacy for public health in the 19th and 20th centuries, and the teaching of chemistry through books and chemistry sets. On December 1, 2015,
2392-419: Is particularly interested in the origins of early science and chemistry. Its varied holdings have considerable depth both in alchemical books and fine-art depictions of early modern alchemists. The institution's collection of alchemy-related artwork, one of the largest in the world, builds upon two significant collections. Chester Garfield Fisher, founder of Fisher Scientific , started collecting alchemical art in
2496-457: Is the largest division of the Society. It marked its 100th anniversary in 2008. The first Chair of the Division was Edward Curtis Franklin . The Organic Division played a part in establishing Organic Syntheses , Inc. and Organic Reactions , Inc. and it maintains close ties to both organizations. The Division's best known activities include organizing symposia (talks and poster sessions) at
2600-671: The American Electrochemical Society and the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE). From 1910 to the 1980s, the Club was located at 52 East 41st Street, New York City. Built by the architects York and Sawyer , the 41st Street building contained areas for talks, meetings, and dinners, living and laboratory spaces that could be rented by members, and a world-class chemical research library. The New York Times called it “absolutely unique in
2704-523: The American Electrochemical Society (founded in 1902) and the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE, founded in 1908) were also welcomed. In addition to a wide variety of regular meetings, dinners, and other local events, the Club acted as a base for international events. In 1904, the Club hosted the first annual meeting of the London-based Society of Chemical Industry to be held outside Great Britain. On September 2, 1912,
2808-587: The Life Sciences Foundation , creating an organization that covers "the history of the life sciences and biotechnology together with the history of the chemical sciences and engineering." As of February 1, 2018, the organization was renamed the Science History Institute, to reflect its wider range of historical interests, from chemical sciences and engineering to the life sciences and biotechnology. The institute focuses on
2912-835: The Othmer Gold Medal , the Richard J. Bolte Sr. Award for Supporting Industries and, in conjunction with The Chemists' Club of New York, the Winthrop-Sears Medal . The annual Affiliate Partnership Awards, presented in conjunction with affiliate organizations, recognize achievement with the Biotechnology Heritage Award , the Franklin-Lavoisier Prize, the Petrochemical Heritage Award and
3016-593: The Pittcon Heritage Award . The Roy G. Neville Prize in Bibliography or Biography recognizes a biographical work in the field of chemical or molecular science. Established in 2006, the prize is awarded biennially. American Chemical Society The American Chemical Society ( ACS ) is a scientific society based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of chemistry . Founded in 1876 at New York University ,
3120-615: The United States Congress to rein in PubChem and hired outside lobbying firms to try to persuade congressional members, the NIH, and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) against establishing a publicly funded database. The ACS was unsuccessful, and as of 2012 PubChem is the world's largest free chemical database. The ACS is also the only provider of a major scientific publication database ( SciFinder ) that imposes
3224-495: The chemical sciences , co-owned, and collaboratively managed by the American Chemical Society (ACS), German Chemical Society (GDCh) , Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) , the chemistry community, other societies, funders, and non-profits; open for submissions and available for all readers at ChemRxiv. In debates about free access to scientific information, the ACS has been described as "in an interesting dilemma, with some of its representatives pushing for open access and others hating
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3328-421: The history of chemistry , the history of science , the history of technology , trends in research and development , the impact of science on society , and relationships between science and art. It supports a community of research scholars and an oral history program. As of 2012, it was the largest U.S. grantor of research fellowships for the history of science. The idea of creating "a library of reference and
3432-491: The phase rule . The Georgia Local Section of ACS has awarded the Herty Medal since 1933 recognizing outstanding chemists who have significantly contributed to their chosen fields. All chemists in academic, government, or industrial laboratories who have been residing in the southeastern United States for at least 10 years are eligible. The New York Section of ACS also gives Leadership Awards. The Leadership Awards are
3536-432: The $ 25 yearly dues. Any university may start its own ACS Student Chapter and receive benefits of undergraduate participation in regional conferences and discounts on ACS publications. The American Chemical Society administers 64 national awards, medals and prizes based on scientific contributions at various career levels that promote achievement across the chemical sciences. The ACS national awards program began in 1922 with
3640-502: The 1920s. In 2000, his collection of alchemical paintings was donated by Fisher Scientific International to the Chemical Heritage Foundation. In 2002, the institution received another gift from Roy Eddleman, founder of Spectrum Laboratories, whose collection contained paintings from the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. Together, the two collections contain more than 90 paintings and 200 works on paper illustrating
3744-451: The 41st Street building opened, membership of the society was over 1000. More than half of the members were non-residents of New York. By April 1, 1929, the club had filled the quota of 750 resident members established in its bylaws, and created a waiting list for resident members. The quota for non-resident members was initially 1000, but in later years both quotas were increased, and additional categories of members added. Special provision
3848-534: The ACS currently has more than 155,000 members at all degree levels and in all fields of chemistry, chemical engineering , and related fields. It is one of the world's largest scientific societies by membership. The ACS is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization and holds a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code . Its headquarters are located in Washington, D.C., and it has
3952-424: The ACS launched a series of 9 open access journals under the name ACS Au (chemical symbol for gold) which include ACS Bio & Med Chem Au , ACS Engineering Au , ACS Environmental Au , ACS Materials Au , ACS Measurement Science Au , ACS Nanoscience Au , ACS Organic & Inorganic Au , ACS Physical Chem Au and ACS Polymers Au . In 2005, the ACS was criticized for opposing the creation of PubChem , which
4056-606: The ACS's position. In response to a 2013 White House Office of Science and Technology Policy directive that instructed federal agencies to provide greater access to federally funded research, the ACS joined other scholarly publishers in establishing the Clearinghouse for the Open Research of the United States (Chorus) to allow free access to published articles. The ACS has also introduced several open access publishing options for its journals, including providing authors
4160-502: The American Chemical Society in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. International Chemical Sciences Chapters allow ACS members outside of the U.S. to organize locally for professional and scientific exchange. There are currently 24 International Chemical Sciences Chapters. ACS states that it offers teacher training to support the professional development of science teachers so they can better present chemistry in
4264-403: The American Chemical Society. They elect their own officers and select representatives to the national ACS organization. Local sections also provide professional development opportunities for members, organize community outreach events, offer awards, and conduct other business. The Rhode Island Section was the first local section of ACS, organized in 1891. There are currently 186 local sections of
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4368-423: The Chemical Heritage Foundation merged with the Life Sciences Foundation , also founded by Arnold Thackray. Recognizing that the joint organization's interests extended beyond the field of chemistry, the organization began a two-year renaming process, whose outcome required the agreement of its founding partners, the American Chemical Society and the American Institute of Chemical Engineers . On February 1, 2018,
4472-458: The Chemists' Club are accepted at the Penn Club as members of an affiliate organization. Residents of New York and area could become members of the Chemists' Club for $ 25 a year. Non-residents who had less opportunity to use the club's resources could join for $ 5. In 1909, the club listed around 400 members, more than half of them residents of New York. By the end of 1911, the year that
4576-576: The Clifford C. Hach Gallery for rotating exhibitions opened in 2008. The Arnold O. Beckman permanent exhibition, Making Modernity , was designed by Ralph Appelbaum Associates . It has been described as an "art gallery for science", and showcases objects from the institution's widely varying collections. "The instruments are only a fraction of the objects on display. The exhibition also includes books, documents, and artwork from CHF's collection, as well as an array of consumer products." The exhibition
4680-651: The E. Ann Nalley Regional Award for Volunteer Service to the American Chemical Society, Regional Awards for Excellence in High School Teaching, and the Stanley C. Israel Regional Award for Advancing Diversity in the Chemical Sciences. ACS Publications is the publishing division of the ACS. It is a nonprofit academic publisher of scientific journals covering various fields of chemistry and related sciences. As of 2021, ACS Publications published
4784-676: The United States". During the 1980s, the center came to the attention of Arnold Orville Beckman . The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation provided a $ 2 million challenge grant in 1986 to stimulate expansion of the center as a research institute, the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center for the History of Chemistry (BCHOC). Beckman challenged the center to define its mission more broadly, reaching out to academic, professional and trade organizations, and including biochemistry, materials science, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and instrumentation within its mandate. The National Foundation for History of Chemistry
4888-552: The University Building was demolished in 1894, the library went into storage. There was a strong desire to find it a new home. Although the American Chemical Society’s library became a core collection of the Chemists' Club in 1912, the Chemists' Club's library also received donations from across the United States. Various funds supported the purchase of new materials. The library eventually absorbed
4992-525: The University of Pennsylvania campus, as of March 9, 1988. In 1989, the center received a further challenge grant, this time from Donald F. Othmer and his wife, Mildred Topp Othmer. Donald Othmer was a quiet chemical engineering professor from Polytechnic University in Brooklyn. The Othmers donated $ 5 million towards the creation of the Othmer Library of Chemical History. Again, efforts to match
5096-453: The University of Pennsylvania, which was to provide an equivalent in goods and services. An agreement to create the Center for the History of Chemistry was signed by officers of the American Chemical Society and the University of Pennsylvania on January 22 and 26, 1982. A policy council was appointed by the sponsoring institutions to oversee routine operations of the center, and Arnold Thackray
5200-542: The University of Pittsburgh for the Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy (PITTCON) in 1994, and expanded in 1999. In the early 1990s, inspired by John Ferraro, a committee was formed within the Society for Applied Spectroscopy (SAS), to pursue the creation of an instrumentation museum. Edward Brame and other members of that committee connected with Arnold Thackray and formed
5304-532: The World" was identified as a basis for further expansion. In 2008, the institution released a list of its ten most wanted instruments. As early as 1996, the Chemical Heritage Foundation had envisioned a broadly-based museum of chemical progress in which instruments would have "a major, but not exclusive role". That vision was followed when Peter Saylor of Dagit•Saylor Architects created the public museum and conference space. The Arnold O. Beckman Permanent Exhibit and
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#17327933323035408-584: The acquisition of the Universal Oil Products laboratory by a consortium of oil companies in 1931. The companies established a trust fund, The Petroleum Research Fund, in 1944 to prevent antitrust litigation tied to their UOP assets. The ACS was named the beneficiary of the trust. The first grants from the PRF were awarded in 1954. In 2000, the trust was transferred to the ACS. The ACS established The American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund and
5512-420: The association into closer union, and ensure a better appreciation of our science and its students on the part of the general public." Although Chandler was a likely choice to become the society's first president because of his role in organizing the society, New York University chemistry professor John William Draper was elected as the first president of the society because of his national reputation. Draper
5616-702: The biannual ACS National Meetings, for the purpose of recognizing promising Assistant Professors, talented young researchers, outstanding technical contributions from junior-level chemists, in the field of organic chemistry . The symposia also honor national award winners, including the Arthur C. Cope Award , Cope Scholar Award, James Flack Norris Award in Physical Organic Chemistry, Herbert C. Brown Award for Creative Research in Synthetic Methods. The Division helps to organize symposia at
5720-403: The business man, the executive and sales manager who wants a Club to which he is glad to bring his friends and business acquaintances." To go with the new building, Loeb and others designed an emblem for the club. It included a hexagonal benzene ring for organic chemistry , crossed retorts for distillation , and a salamander surrounded by fire, in red and gold. In 1988 the building
5824-607: The campaigns have been celebrated with a yearly theme, such as "Chemistry Colors Our World" (2015) and "Energy: Now and Forever!" (2013). The Green Chemistry Institute (GCI) supports the "implementation of green chemistry and engineering throughout the global chemistry enterprise." The GCI organizes an annual conference, the Green Chemistry and Engineering Conference, provides research grants, administers awards, and provides information and support for green chemistry practices to educators, researchers, and industry. The GCI
5928-591: The classroom, foster the scientific curiosity of our nation's youth and encourage future generations to pursue scientific careers. As of 2009, Clifford and Kathryn Hach donated $ 33 million to ACS, to continue the work of the Hach Scientific Foundation in supporting high school chemistry teaching. The Society sponsors the United States National Chemistry Olympiad (USNCO), a contest used to select
6032-522: The club hosted attendees of the 8th International Congress of Applied Chemistry. Eighteen rooms were available for rental in the main building at 41st street in 1911. When demand exceeded availability, those seeking accommodation were sent to the Murray Hill Hotel. A restaurant served the needs of residents and visitors at the Club. Later remodelling increased the number of available rooms. The Club offered furnished laboratory space on
6136-519: The club was not entirely unsympathetic to women chemists. In 1921, the Club's Bureau of Employment expressed concern, in its yearly report, that women chemists were being laid off in the wake of World War I . "Another phase repeatedly brought to our notice is the decrease in willingness to consider the employment of woman chemists. This is unfortunate. Those who have employed them report that they are uniformly satisfactory and in some ways more desirable than men, especially for routine work." In 1971,
6240-423: The club while carrying out their research. The organization was determined to make spaces available for those who would otherwise not have access to the resources they needed: "for the young man whose income is still small, for the technical man who wants library facilities, for the teacher who is primarily interested in the scientific side of his work, and at the same time in retaining the interest and support of
6344-438: The days of alchemy” with “vaulted roof, flag-stoned floor, iron-bound chest, high writing desk—even the fireplace with strange black pots and alembics upon it, and, overhead, just outside the door, a winding stone stairway just like those by which the wizards of the black arts used to steal away from prying eyes to juggle with fire and crucibles, transmute base metals to gold, conjure up devils, and otherwise qualify for execution at
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#17327933323036448-575: The discussion of student and faculty research. The organization also publishes textbooks, administers several national chemistry awards, provides grants for scientific research, and supports various educational and outreach activities. The ACS has been criticized for predatory pricing of its products ( SciFinder , journals and other publications), for opposing open access publishing, as well as for initiating numerous copyright enforcement litigations despite its non-profit status and its chartered commitment to dissemination of chemical information. In 1874,
6552-545: The establishment of the Priestley Medal , the highest award offered by the ACS, which is given for distinguished services to chemistry. The 2019 recipient of the Priestley Medal is K. Barry Sharpless . Additional awards are offered by divisions, local sections and other bodies of ACS. The William H. Nichols Medal Award was the first ACS award to honor outstanding researchers in the field of chemistry. It
6656-492: The eventual $ 500,000 building fund. Sadly, Loeb died not long after the club building was completed. His death of typhoid fever and pneumonia , on October 8, 1912, was felt to be a great loss. The Chemists' building at 52 East 41st Street, New York City , New York , United States was built by the architects York and Sawyer , replacing previous numbers 50-54. York and Sawyer filed the plans in January 1910 and completed
6760-498: The exam. The ACS also approves certified undergraduate programs in chemistry. A student who completes the required laboratory and course work—sometimes in excess of what a particular college may require for its Bachelor's degree —is considered by the Society to be well trained for professional work. The ACS coordinates two annual public awareness campaigns, National Chemistry Week and Chemists Celebrate Earth Week, as part of its educational outreach. Since 1978 and 2003 respectively,
6864-560: The exchange of information among scientists who work in particular fields of chemistry or professional interests. Divisional activities include organizing technical sessions at ACS meetings, publishing books and resources, administering awards and lectureships, and conducting other events. The original five divisions were 1) organic chemistry, 2) industrial chemists and chemical engineers, 3) agricultural and food chemistry, 4) fertilizer chemistry, and 5) physical and inorganic chemistry. As of 2016, there are 32 technical divisions of ACS. This
6968-422: The following peer-reviewed journals: In addition to academic journals, ACS Publications also publishes Chemical & Engineering News , a weekly trade magazine covering news in the chemical profession, inChemistry , a magazine for undergraduate students, and ChemMatters , a magazine for high school students and teachers. ACS also created ChemRxiv , which is an open access preprint repository for
7072-509: The four-member team that represents the United States at the International Chemistry Olympiad (IChO). The ACS Division of Chemical Education provides standardized tests for various subfields of chemistry. The two most commonly used tests are the undergraduate-level tests for general and organic chemistry. Each of these tests consists of 70 multiple-choice questions, and gives students 110 minutes to complete
7176-493: The grant were supported by the National Foundation for History of Chemistry and the American Chemical Society's Campaign for Chemistry. The new library was further supported by the donation of 8,500 monographs, textbooks and reference works from The Chemists' Club of New York. On July 1, 1992, the National Foundation for History of Chemistry changed its name to the Chemical Heritage Foundation, in recognition of
7280-418: The hands of the public hangman.” Another feature of the room was the stuffed alligator hanging from the ceiling, in homage to the alchemists' iconographic salamander , which could live in fire without burning. Beginning November 15, 1909, a monthly newsletter, The Percolator , informed members of activities and events. The club was the initiator of a variety of services. A Chemists employment bureau
7384-602: The highest honors given by the Chemical Marketing and Economic Group of ACS NY since December 6, 2012. They are presented to leaders of industry, investments, and other sectors, for their contributions to science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) initiatives. Honorees include Andrew N. Liveris (Dow Chemical), P. Roy Vagelos (Regeneron, Merck), Thomas M. Connelly (DuPont) and Juan Pablo del Valle (Mexichem). The ACS also administers regional awards presented annually at regional meetings. This includes
7488-562: The history of chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania, argued for the formation of such a center in Philadelphia. Thackray obtained promises of private support from chemist John C. Haas and institutional support from the Dow Chemical Company and DuPont . In December 1981, the ACS approved the establishment of the Center for the History of Chemistry, with support of $ 50,000 per year for five years, in cooperation with
7592-710: The history of science for a popular readership. Distillations first appeared in spring 2015, as a publication of the Chemical Heritage Foundation. It was predated by the Chemical Heritage Magazine , published as a quarterly by the Chemical Heritage Foundation. The Science History Institute offers many fellowships-in-residence, of varying lengths. The Science History Institute presents a number of annual awards to recognize outstanding contributions to science and technology by researchers, business leaders and entrepreneurs. The annual Heritage Day Awards honor achievements in science and technology and comprise
7696-491: The history of science museum opened to the public in its present location, and the fellowship program expanded. Following a global search, Carsten Reinhardt , a professor of the history of science from Bielefeld University , Germany, was chosen in August 2013 as president and CEO of the organization. In 2016, Reinhardt returned to Germany, and his place was taken by interim president Robert G. W. Anderson . On January 11, 2017, it
7800-619: The institution began to establish relationships with affiliated organizations such as The Chemists' Club , the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists , the Electrochemical Society and the American Society for Mass Spectrometry . As early as 1983, the Center for the History of Chemistry expressed an interest in "The Conservation of Historic American Chemical Instruments", in discussions of
7904-399: The institution was given hundreds of instruments by Stephen P. DeFalco, president of PerkinElmer , after the company closed a plant in Überlingen, Germany. An interim exhibition of Revolutionary Tools was curated at the Chemical Heritage Foundation by David Brock, showing fifteen 20th-century instruments, including Arnold Beckman's pH meter. In 2004, a list of "50 Instruments That Changed
8008-663: The international meeting called Pacifichem and it organizes the biennial National Organic Chemistry Symposium (NOS) which highlights recent advances in organic chemistry and hosts the Roger Adams Award address. The Division also organizes corporate sponsorships to provide fellowships for PhD students and undergraduates. It also organizes the Graduate Research Symposium and manages award and travel grant programs for undergraduates. Local sections were authorized in 1890 and are autonomous units of
8112-520: The international nature of chemical history. By 1994, the organization was searching for a permanent home for the Beckman Center and Othmer Library. One candidate was the First National Bank building at 315 Chestnut Street, an 1866 masonry-and-brick structure with a two-story Palazzo facade. The institution bought the bank building and nearby property in 1995, in part with a matching grant from Donald Othmer. Soon afterward, its endowment
8216-410: The less desirable buildings." Chemists were warned that there was a waiting list for those hoping to rent laboratory space at the Club. A major impetus for forming the Club was the desire to house the library of the American Chemical Society and make the collection available to working chemists. For a time, the library had been located at the University Building, Washington Square, New York. When
8320-440: The nucleus of the institution's Chemical Instrumentation Museum Group (CIMG) in 1994. In 1997, on the recommendation of the CIMG, the Chemical Heritage Foundation's board approved a collections policy for the acquisition of "historically significant chemical instruments and apparatus". Instrumentation, however, was only one of several areas of interest as the institution began to expand its collections. The Science History Institute
8424-471: The option to pay an upfront fee to enable free online access to their articles. In 2015, the ACS launched the first fully open access journal in the society's history, ACS Central Science . The ACS states that the journal offers the same peer-review standards as its subscription journals, but without publishing charges to either authors or readers. A second open access title, ACS Omega , an interdisciplinary mega journal , launched in 2016. In December 2020,
8528-429: The organization was renamed the Science History Institute, to reflect its wider range of historical interests, extending from the chemical sciences and engineering to the life sciences and biotechnology. Arnold Thackray , the institution's first president, was awarded the 1983 Dexter Award for his contributions to the history of chemistry. Thackray was succeeded by Thomas R. Tritton , under whose leadership (2008–2013)
8632-711: The previous trust was dissolved. The PRF trust was valued at $ 144.7 million in December 2014. The ACS International Activities is the birthplace of the ACS International Center, an online resource for scientists and engineers looking to study abroad or explore an international career or internship. The site houses information on hundreds of scholarships and grants related to all levels of experience to promote scientific mobility of researchers and practitioners in STEM fields. The Society grants membership to undergraduates as student members provided they can pay
8736-591: The sale of the Chemists' Club building, the library was sold off. Portions of the library were donated to the Othmer library of the Chemical Heritage Foundation (now the Science History Institute ) in Philadelphia in 1988 and 1997. The New York Times wrote of the club: “One of the special features of the building is the board room, which has been fashioned to represent a laboratory in
8840-449: The very thought." The ACS has generally opposed legislation that would mandate free access to scientific journal articles and chemical information. However it has recently launched new open access journals and provided authors with open access publishing options. Nevertheless, the actual percentage of open-access publications in ACS journals is the lowest among the 8 major scientific journal publishers (see figure below): The mid-2000s saw
8944-509: The work in March 1911. The building opened on March 17, 1911. Several days of events were held to celebrate the opening. A number of scientific papers were presented, ranging from "The characteristics of living matter from the physico-chemical point of view" by Jacques Loeb to "The chemistry of phosphorescence" by Wilder Dwight Bancroft and "The contributions of chemistry to sanitation" by William P. Mason . The resulting ten-story building
9048-465: The work of alchemists and their influence on the development of chemistry as a science. The Chemical Heritage Foundation's collections include such pioneering and landmark instruments as a 1934 Beckman Model G pH Meter, a DuPont 900 Differential Thermal Analyzer, an early custom Electro-spray Ionization Mass Spectrometer used by John B. Fenn , a 1947 Mettler B5 Single-Pan Balance, a 1963 Perkin-Elmer Model 125 Infrared Grating Spectrophotometer, and
9152-567: The world”. The board room was a recreation of an alchemist's laboratory. Sold in the 1980s, and now the Dylan Hotel, the building has been proposed as an individual landmark by the New York Landmarks Conservancy . Before the club was founded in 1898, members of the American Chemical Society and the Society of Chemical Industry held events and meetings in homes, classrooms, and lecture halls, using whatever space
9256-492: Was "to promote the interests of chemists and those interested in the science and applications of chemistry", by providing academics and industrial chemists with space to meet, work, and study. It provided a place for members of various chemical societies to meet and mingle, including the American Chemical Society , the Society of Chemical Industry , the Verein Deutscher Chemiker [ de ] ,
9360-447: Was a photochemist and pioneering photographer who had produced one of the first photographic portraits in 1840. Chandler would later serve as president in 1881 and 1889. In the ACS logo, originally designed in the early 20th century by Tiffany's Jewelers and used since 1909, a stylized symbol of a kaliapparat is used. The Journal of the American Chemical Society was founded in 1879 to publish original chemical research. It
9464-447: Was also formed from a wide-ranging group of people in academia and industry. In 1982, its members included John C. Haas, historians Margaret W. Rossiter and Alfred D. Chandler, Jr. and at least three Nobel Prize winners, Christian B. Anfinsen , Herbert C. Brown , and Glenn T. Seaborg . The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) became a co-founder of the center, signing an agreement on August 27 and 28, 1984. In addition,
9568-550: Was announced that Anderson would take the job permanently. As of May 20, 2020, David Allen Cole, previously executive director of the Hagley Museum and Library , became president and CEO. The Science History Institute holds many collections relevant to the history of chemistry. The Science History Institute's magazine, Distillations , appeared in print three times a year until 2019, when content became digital-only. As an online resource, it continues to present stories about
9672-467: Was appointed part-time director of the center on April 29, 1982. The center was inaugurated on March 11, 1983, in several vacant basement rooms on the University of Pennsylvania campus. Its "immediate aims" included gathering oral histories of important chemists and inventorying papers and manuscripts in repositories throughout the country to map "the largely unexplored territory of the history of chemistry and chemical technology." A National Advisory Board
9776-472: Was at 108 West 55th Street, previously the home of the Mendelssohn Glee Club . The space included a large assembly hall, reading rooms, and a small library. The club could not, however, secure a long-term lease on the property. The last meeting at the 55th Street location occurred on March 4, 1911. Morris Loeb , the club president in 1909, was a professor at New York University and
9880-709: Was available. In 1898 Charles F. McKenna, William McMurtrie , Marston T. Bogert and others formed an organizational committee, and raised money to rent an available property at 108 West 55th Street. Committee chairperson Charles F. Chandler , a professor at Columbia University , donated $ 1000 to the fledgling organization and became its first president. As of November 29, 1898, the club had 154 charter members, including Leo Baekeland , Edward G. Love , William H. Nichols and Maximilian Toch . The Chemists' Club filed for incorporation on December 9, 1898. The papers were signed on December 24, 1898 and recorded on December 30, 1898. The club's first physical location
9984-762: Was established in 1903 by the ACS New York Section and is named for William H. Nichols , an American chemist and businessman and one of the original founders of ACS. Of the over 100 Nichols Medalists, 16 have subsequently been awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry . The Willard Gibbs Award , granted by the ACS Chicago Section, was established in 1910 in honor of Josiah Willard Gibbs , the Yale University professor who formulated
10088-552: Was established in 1904, and incorporated in 1913. It remained active until 1944. In response to the Depression , a Committee for the Relief of Unemployed Chemists and Chemical Engineers opened an office at the club in 1932. For much of its history, in practice and at times by definition, membership in the Chemists' Club was open only to "male persons". Women were allowed to enter the premises as guests of members. However,
10192-422: Was established in 1987 as a supporting Pennsylvania nonprofit. The renamed Beckman Center began a major capital campaign, listing as its needs "offices, an exhibit gallery, a reading room, library stacks, and archives and storage areas." It celebrated its inauguration on November 5, 1987. With support from the American Chemical Society's "Campaign for Chemistry", the center was able to move to 3401 Walnut Street, on
10296-486: Was expanded by a bequest from Othmer's estate. The Chemical Heritage Foundation moved to 315 Chestnut Street on February 1, 1996. The buildings were renovated by Richard Conway Meyer over the next few years. Phase 1, providing temporary office space and book storage, was completed in 1998. Phase 2, a move to more permanent facilities, was completed in 2000. Phase 3, construction of the adjoining Ullyot conference space for meetings and events, began soon after. Acquisition of
10400-761: Was founded in 1997 as an independent non-profit organization, by chemists Joe Breen and Dennis Hjeresen in cooperation with the Environmental Protection Agency . In 2001, the GCI became a part of the American Chemical Society. [1] The Petroleum Research Fund (PRF) is an endowment fund administered by the ACS that supports advanced education and fundamental research in the petroleum and fossil fuel fields at non-profit institutions. Several categories of grants are offered for various career levels and institutions. The fund awarded more than $ 25 million in grants in 2007. The PRF traces its origins to
10504-414: Was made for lower fees for students and recent graduates. The club provided meeting space for the local branches of a variety of chemical organizations. The two founding organizations were the American Chemical Society (founded in 1876) and the New York section of the Society of Chemical Industry (founded in 1894). Members of the New York section of the Verein Deutscher Chemiker (founded in 1900),
10608-522: Was sold and eventually repurposed as the Dylan Hotel. The redesign has preserved many original features of the building, including the boardroom, which has been restored as the Alchemy Suite. The building has been proposed as an individual landmark by the New York Landmarks Conservancy . The Chemists' Club continues to meet as an "inner club" of the Penn Club of New York City . Members of
10712-528: Was the first journal published by ACS and is still the society's flagship peer-reviewed publication. In 1907, Chemical Abstracts was established as a separate journal (it previously appeared within JACS), which later became the Chemical Abstracts Service , a division of ACS that provides chemical information to researchers and others worldwide. Chemical & Engineering News is a weekly trade magazine that has been published by ACS since 1923. The society adopted
10816-583: Was the home of the club from 1810 to the 1980s. The building was "an artistic structure of white marble, in the style of the French Renaissance of the Louis XVI period, finished with Ionic pilasters and balconies at the second story and similar decorative balconies at the top story.” The New York Times called the building “absolutely unique in the world”. The first three floors of the club were meeting and social spaces. The main floor included
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