105-521: The Airbus A321neo is a single-aisle airliner created by Airbus . The A321neo ( neo being an acronym for "new engine option") is developed from the Airbus A321 and Airbus A320neo family . It is the longest stretched fuselage of Airbus's A320 series , and the newest version of the A321, with the original A321ceo entering service in 1994 with Lufthansa . It typically seats 180 to 220 passengers in
210-949: A "niche aircraft" less comfortable than widebodies, and a large lessor is hesitant as it expects a 400–500 aircraft market. Airbus argues that the minimal changes mean it can be used as a regular A321neo and ALC forecast potential for 50 operators in the next five years. The market could prefer shorter turnaround times to more range. On 29 October 2019, IndiGo placed a firm order for 300 A320neo Family aircraft, including 69 A321XLR. On 3 December 2019, United Airlines announced an order to purchase 50 new Airbus A321XLR aircraft, with deliveries beginning in 2024, to replace their Boeing 757–200 fleet. Valued at $ 7.1 billion before discounts ($ 142M each), United plans to use these aircraft for additional destinations in Europe from its East Coast hubs in Washington and Newark, New Jersey. In April 2020, 450 orders for
315-534: A "terminal enhancement fee" to cover the higher fees, pending approval of the Civil Aeronautics Board . Additionally, passenger service charges are expected to increase in September 2025 — the first increase since 2000. Ninoy Aquino International Airport has four passenger terminals, with plans to build another terminal. Covering 73,000 square meters (790,000 sq ft), Terminal 1 of
420-511: A 164-seat, 97 t (214,000 lb) MTOW variant with three auxiliary fuel tanks called the A321neoLR (Long Range) with 100 nmi (190 km; 120 mi) more operational range than a Boeing 757 -200 configured with 169 seats, 27% lower trip costs and 24% lower per seat costs; it was scheduled for introduction in the second half of 2018, two years after the A321neo. Airbus launched
525-611: A 20% increase in fuel efficiency per passenger, with 500 nautical miles (930 km; 580 mi) more range, or 2 tonnes (4,400 lb) more of payload. Boeing introduced a new generation of their competing narrowbody family 737 MAX one year after the introduction of the A321neo. The A321neo began production in 2016, with final assembly taking place in Hamburg, Germany . It entered service with Virgin America on 31 May 2017, taking its first commercial flight. As of October 2024,
630-652: A clean-sheet designed aircraft. The maiden flight of the Airbus A321neo took place in Hamburg, with the aircraft registering in German identification. The prototype was equipped with CFM International LEAP 1A engines, the aircraft, registered D-AVXB, was flown by test pilots Martin Scheuermann and Bernardo Saez Benito Hernandez. The flight lasted 29 minutes, and performed various tests during that time. AerCap
735-423: A composite wing or a stretch. By April 2020, Airbus had cut the first metal for the centre wingbox, while Safran had begun undercarriage forging production. Premium Aerotec will manufacture the specific aft centre fuel tank primary structure, Spirit AeroSystems will build the inboard single-slotted flap, FACC AG will produce a modified belly fairing , while Collins Aerospace and Parker Aerospace are developing
840-584: A consortium led by San Miguel Corporation (SMC) and Incheon International Airport Corporation —the operator of Incheon International Airport in South Korea, with RMM Asian Logistics Inc. and RLW Aviation Development Inc. The Asian Airports Consortium was disqualified in the bidding after it was deemed non-compliant. On February 16, 2024, the DOTr awarded the contract to SMC SAP & Co. Consortium, later renamed as New NAIA Infrastructure Corporation (NNIC).
945-553: A demonstration flight at the Farnborough Airshow . The XLR needs 10–15% more work than an ACF, itself requiring 30% more work than a standard A321neo. Engines used for now generate 33,000 lbf (150 kN) of thrust and could be sufficient, and no more than the 35,000 lbf (160 kN) already certified are needed for the XLR. The XLR is a low-risk, high-commonality variant but more substantial upgrades could include
1050-571: A government handover, the government offered to buy out Fraport AG for US$ 400 million, to which Fraport agreed. However, before the terminal could be completed, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo called the contract "onerous" and formed a committee to evaluate the buyout agreement. The contracts were declared null and void by the Supreme Court in May 2003, the Philippine government took over
1155-574: A motion for reconsideration. The MIAA denied the motion for reconsideration. In August 2022, the Department of Transportation (DOTr) announced plans to rebid the public–private partnership project within the year. Following a major airspace closure on January 1, 2023 , plans to privatize the airport were pitched again. Secretary of Finance Benjamin Diokno supported such plans, but maintained that it should be "thoroughly studied". On April 27,
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#17327723606031260-454: A new engine and extended fuselage fuel tanks. Improvements from the A320neo included increased wing loading and structural strengthening, most notably of all a stretched fuselage. By permanently replacing the second door pair in front of the wing (R2/L2) with a new second pair of overwing exits , the capacity of the A321neo is increased from 220 seats to 240 seats and fuel efficiency per seat
1365-431: A nose section was serving as an integration test bed for a new instrument panel assembly, before being used to analyse structural reinforcements needed for the XLR. By then, Airbus had completed the first centre wing box 16 months after the first metal cuts, with 200 modifications from the standard design, delivered from Nantes to Hamburg for structural assembly. The fuselage sections, wings, landing gear and tailplanes of
1470-776: A solicited bidding instead. The solicited concession agreement is set for fifteen years, with a ten-year extension if needed in case the opening of New Manila International Airport in Bulacan and Sangley Point Airport in Cavite would be delayed. The bidding opened on August 23, 2023. Four consortia submitted bids on the December 27 deadline: MIAC, Asian Airports Consortium (consisting of Lucio Co's Cosco Capital, Inc.; Asian Infrastructure and Management Corp., Philippine Skylanders International, Inc., and PT Angkasa Pura II ), GMR Airports Consortium , and SMC SAP & Co. Consortium,
1575-497: A total of 6,787 A321neo aircraft had been ordered by 85 disclosed customers, of which 1,511 aircraft had been delivered. The A321neo's development was announced by Airbus in 2010, 16 years after the introduction of the original A321ceo . The A321neo is the second generation of Airbus's A321 family, with the first generation being the previously mentioned A321ceo. The timeline from development to first flight took 6 years, relatively short due to its nature as an improvement, as opposed to
1680-535: A transatlantic flight on 13 February. Test flights included a LEAP-powered, long range 4,100 nmi (7,600 km; 4,700 mi) flight by great circle distance , flown in near 11 h and the equivalent of 162 passengers over 4,700 nmi (8,700 km; 5,400 mi) including headwinds, with five crew and 11 technicians. Airbus announced its joint FAA/EASA certification on 2 October 2018, including ETOPS up to 180 min, allowing any transatlantic route. As original launch operator Primera Air ceased operations,
1785-495: A two-class configuration, with up to 244 passengers in a high-density arrangement. The A321neo was announced by Airbus in December 2010, as an improvement and replacement to the A321ceo. Fitted with new engines and sharklets as standard, the A321neo has the longest fuselage of any Airbus narrow-body airliner of commercial use. Fitted with CFM International LEAP-1A or Pratt & Whitney PW1100G-JM engines, Airbus advertises
1890-429: A two-year hiatus, Terminal 4 reopened on March 28, 2022. Under NNIC's management, Terminal 4 temporarily closed on November 6, 2024, to give way for major renovations until February 2025. As such, AirSWIFT, Cebgo, and Sunlight Air relocated to Terminal 2. NAIA's primary runway is 3,737 meters (12,260 ft) long and 60 meters (200 ft) wide, running at 061°/241° (designated as Runway 06/24). Its secondary runway
1995-529: A ₱150 billion, or US$ 3 billion, proposal to decongest and redevelop the airport. GMR-Megawide did not propose a new runway, claiming that it would not significantly boost capacity. On July 7, 2020, the NAIA consortium's proposal was rejected by the government, allowing GMR-Megawide to take over the project. On December 15, however, the MIAA revoked the original proponent status (OPS) of GMR-Megawide, who then filed
2100-462: Is 2,258 meters (7,408 ft) long and 45 meters (148 ft) wide, running at 136°/316° (designated as Runway 13/31). The primary runway was oriented at 06/24 to harness the southeast and southwest winds . Of the 550 daily flights, 100 take the secondary runway. It mainly caters to private planes and narrowbody aircraft such as the ATR 72-500 , Airbus A320, and Airbus A321, and acts as the main runway of
2205-420: Is a rate-command to hit the 3°/sec rotation rate to capture the right pitch attitude and there is an "electronic tail bumper" preventing a tailstrike if the stick is less than three-quarters of the way aft; additional thrust, slower rotation and lift-off speeds require more rudder authority and its maximum deflection went from 25° to 30°. By January 2018, the A321neo had received 1,920 orders, exceeding orders for
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#17327723606032310-399: Is also set to be one of the launch customers. American Airlines converted 30 A321neo orders to XLRs and ordered an additional 20 XLRs. Indigo Partners also placed an order for 50 XLRs for its airline divisions and Frontier Airlines ordered 18, bringing the total number of commitments announced at the show to 243. Some are cautious about the potential market: Lufthansa sees the variant as
2415-541: Is increased by 6%, exceeding 20% together with the new engines and the sharklets. The modifications should weigh 100 kg more. Initial A321neos have the A321ceo exit door configuration with four exit door pairs until the Airbus Cabin-Flex (ACF) layout can be selected. The third door pair (R3/L3), aft of the wings, is moved aft four frames back and could be plugged for 200 seats or less, and one overwing exit can be plugged for 165 seats or less. In October 2017,
2520-521: Is reportedly moving back to Terminal 4 on March 1, 2025, as part of long-term terminal reassignments conducted by the NNIC. Since then, T4 has been specifically assigned for turboprop aircraft, functioning exclusively with ground-loaded gates . This terminal, which accommodates up to three million passengers annually, primarily hosts domestic flights by regional airlines such as AirSWIFT , SkyJet Airlines , Cebgo , and Sunlight Air . In response to
2625-594: Is the main international airport serving Metro Manila in the Philippines . Located between the cities of Pasay and Parañaque , about 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) south of Manila proper and southwest of Makati , it is the main gateway for travelers to the Philippines and serves as a hub for PAL Express and Philippine Airlines . It is also the main operating base for AirSWIFT , Cebgo , Cebu Pacific , and Philippines AirAsia . Manila International Airport
2730-640: The AirAsia Group for its international flights since September 15, 2014. The expanded Overseas Filipino Worker airport lounge is located near Gate 7. Constructed in 1948, Terminal 4, also known as the Manila Domestic Passenger Terminal or the Old Domestic Terminal , is the first and original structure of the airport, as well as its oldest and smallest terminal. Positioned on the old Airport Road,
2835-728: The Allhallowtide season. It then announced in September the planned reassignments: Terminal 1 would exclusively serve Philippine Airlines flights, while Terminal 2 would maintain its current status as an all-domestic terminal, and Terminal 3 would be fully dedicated to international flights of Cebu Pacific, the AirAsia Group, and all foreign airlines. This would require the remaining airlines operating at Terminal 1 to transfer to Terminal 3, and Philippines AirAsia to temporarily move its domestic flights back to Terminal 4 from Terminal 2 to accommodate Cebu Pacific's domestic flights until
2940-575: The COVID-19 pandemic , the airport authority closed Terminal 4 to minimize operating costs, while the remaining three terminals resumed operations in June 2020 upon the lifting of the enhanced community quarantine in Luzon . During its temporary closure, the terminal was utilized as a vaccination site for airport employees. As such, AirAsia temporarily transferred its domestic operations to Terminal 3. After
3045-720: The Manila International Airport Authority turned over the operations and maintenance of the airport to NNIC. While SMC is constructing New Manila International Airport (NMIA) in Bulacan, it decided to instead prioritize the rehabilitation of NAIA over the construction of the NMIA. The turnover was followed by a series of airport fee hikes. On October 1, NNIC increased parking fees. The overnight parking fees, which quadrupled from 300 to 1,200 pesos , drew criticism from motorists; however, both NNIC and
3150-411: The greater metropolitan area . Clark caters mainly to low-cost carriers because its landing fees have been lower ever since former president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo called for Clark to replace NAIA as the Philippines' primary airport. NAIA is operating beyond its designed capacity of 35 million passengers, clogging air traffic and delaying flights. As a result, it has consistently been ranked as one of
3255-537: The 45-hectare (4,800,000 sq ft) land in Makati , also then in Rizal, was inaugurated and served as the gateway to Manila; its runways now form Ayala Avenue and Paseo de Roxas . Following World War II and Philippine independence , Grace Park Airfield closed, while Nielson Airport continued to operate until it was decommissioned in 1948. Airport operations were moved to the current site, Nichols Field , due to
Airbus A321neo - Misplaced Pages Continue
3360-481: The A321LR on 13 January 2015 with Air Lease Corporation as the launch customer, hoping to sell 1,000 examples of the variant. The initial layout of 164 seats (20 in business, 30 in premium economy and 114 in economy) was replaced by a two-class 206-seat configuration (16 in business and 190 in economy). Range is 4,000 nmi (7,400 km; 4,600 mi), 500 nmi (930 km; 580 mi) greater than
3465-522: The A321ceo. By this time, the A321neo accounted for 32% of all A320neo family orders, whereas the original A321 represented just 22% of A320ceo family orders. By July 2022, the A321neo represented over 53% of all A320neo family orders. A stretch would probably involve fore and aft plugs to keep its centre of gravity , but tailstrike clearance could constrain field speed and performance, and a larger aircraft could require more powerful engines, while further cabin crew would be needed over 250 seats. In 2018,
3570-512: The A321neo list price was US$ 129.5 million. Competing with the Boeing NMA concept airliner would require stretching the A321neo by one or two rows: its take-off weight could be increased to 100 t (220,000 lb) by tweaking its wing and strengthening its landing gear, requiring more engine thrust; or it could receive a lighter and larger new wing, more costly to develop but with the same thrust. In October 2014, Airbus started marketing
3675-530: The CFM LEAP-powered variant on 1 March 2017. The first A321neo, leased by GECAS , was delivered in Hamburg to Virgin America, configured with 184 seats and LEAP engines, and entered service on 31 May 2017. As Pratt & Whitney encountered early reliability issues with the PW1100G, retrofitting fixes affected the deliveries. Cebu Pacific was due to add its first three A321neos to its 40 A320ceos by
3780-440: The DOTr defended the move, as it is designed to deter the misuse of parking slots. According to NNIC, previous parking rates were used by non-passengers, which contributed to congestion. Nevertheless, NNIC is developing a 4-hectare (9.9-acre) area near Terminal 3 for a 2,500-slot parking space. On the same day, it increased takeoff and landing fees , causing Philippine Airlines , Cebu Pacific , and Philippines AirAsia to propose
3885-535: The Domestic Terminal is located near the north end of Runway 13/31. Philippines AirAsia was a primary user of Terminal 4 from 2013 to 2023. In December 2022, to decongest the terminal, it transferred its two busiest flights—to Cebu and Boracay ( Caticlan )—to Terminal 3, while all other domestic flights remained at T4. It continued to operate under this scheme until all flights were transferred to Terminal 2 on July 1, 2023. However, Philippines AirAsia
3990-709: The French company Aéroports de Paris to conduct a feasibility study to expand capacity, which recommended to build two new terminals. Construction of Terminal 2, originally designed as a domestic terminal, began in 1995 and opened in 1999. It served as the hub of Philippine Airlines until 2023. Meanwhile, the larger Terminal 3, which was beset by construction delays and legal issues, opened in 2008 and became fully operational in 2014, serving Cebu Pacific and most international airlines. In October 2015, reports of an extortion scam concerning bullets planted by airport security officials in airline passengers' luggage (dubbed by
4095-570: The Manila International Airport Consortium (MIAC), composed of six organizations (Alliance Global, AC Infrastructure Holdings Corp [under Ayala Corporation ], Infracorp Development, Filinvest Development Corporation, and JG Summit Infrastructure Holdings) submitted a ₱100 billion 25-year unsolicited proposal to rehabilitate the airport. This proposal was subsequently rejected by the administration of President Bongbong Marcos on July 19, which opted to go through
4200-555: The NAIA Terminal 4. Runway 13/31 closed in 2020 for rehabilitation. The runway was reopened on February 16, 2021, along with a newly constructed taxiway. In 2014, Transportation and Communications Secretary Joseph Abaya proposed a new runway adjacent to the existing Runway 06/24. The proposed runway has a length of 2,100 meters (6,900 ft) that could allow the landing of an Airbus A320 and increase capacity from 40 planes per hour to 60–70. A Dutch consultant hired by
4305-656: The Ninoy Aquino International Airport was designed to handle six million passengers annually. It is often referred to as the Ninoy Aquino Terminal , as it was the site of the former senator's assassination in 1983 . The terminal, opened in 1982, is the airport's second oldest and exclusively handles international flights. The development of the Manila International Airport, which includes Terminal 1,
Airbus A321neo - Misplaced Pages Continue
4410-529: The Seychelles, saying it is the first narrow-body more efficient than the 757-300 it operates. In April 2019, JetBlue announced its intention to use the A321LR on routes to London from Boston and New York-JFK ; the airline has converted 13 of its orders for the A321neo to the A321LR to serve these routes. The airline started its service from JFK to London Heathrow on 11 August 2021, and to Gatwick on 29 September. In January 2018, Airbus stated that it
4515-484: The Type III exits; Airbus seeks an exemption to increase it to 105 for 235 passengers for the aircraft. Four different door-arrangement configurations are noted below. The A321neo has the same length as the original A321ceo but includes structural strengthening in the landing gear and wing , increased wing loading and other minor modifications in order to higher Maximum Takeoff Weight ( MTOW ). Its first customer
4620-448: The U.S. mainland not viable with its widebodies , such as Portland to Maui , or better matched and allowing two routes to be expanded to daily service instead of seasonal, bypassing its Honolulu hub for half of the A321neo fleet. Well suited for 2,100–2,300 nmi (3,900–4,300 km; 2,400–2,600 mi) routes to the US west coast, Hawaiian's 189-seat A321neos are more efficient than
4725-473: The US$ 640 million terminal, which has 20 jet bridges and four remote gates served by apron buses . The terminal's apron area spans 147,400 square meters (1,587,000 sq ft) and can service up to 32 aircraft simultaneously. It has the capacity to serve 33,000 passengers per day or 6,000 per hour. Since April 2017, a 220-meter (720 ft) long indoor footbridge called Runway Manila has been connecting
4830-613: The Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.226 via cp1108 cp1108, Varnish XID 192010008 Upstream caches: cp1108 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 05:39:20 GMT Ninoy Aquino International Airport Ninoy Aquino International Airport ( NAIA / n ɑː . ˈ iː . j ə / NA -ee- YAH ; Filipino : Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Ninoy Aquino ; IATA : MNL , ICAO : RPLL ), also known as Manila International Airport ( MIA ),
4935-620: The XLR had been received from 24 customers. In March 2023, 465 orders for the A321XLR were received. In July 2023, Icelandair ordered 13 XLR. Iberia announced on 19 May 2024 that the company will be "the first airline in the world to add the new Airbus A321XLR to its fleet". In July 2024, the Airbus A321XLR received certification from the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and conducted
5040-657: The adjacent complexes been demolished. In 2024, the New NAIA Infrastructure Corporation (NNIC) announced that it will interconnect the two terminals after demolishing the hotel and relocating the fuel farm and the cargo terminal as part of its rehabilitation plan. This plan will increase the terminal's capacity by about 23 million passengers. From 1999 to 2023, flag carrier Philippine Airlines and its domestic subsidiary PAL Express exclusively used Terminal 2. It facilitated both domestic and international flights for these airlines, notwithstanding
5145-414: The adjacent unused Philippine Village Hotel complex and relocating a fuel depot, as well as the international cargo complex. Rehabilitation of the terminal began in September 2018, and by February 16, 2021, the partially expanded Terminal 2 was inaugurated, adding 2,800 square meters (30,000 sq ft) to the terminal area. However, Terminal 2 has not been interconnected with Terminal 1 yet, nor have
5250-419: The aircraft takes place in Hamburg, Germany. With Airbus being a multinational company, parts of the aircraft came from different countries throughout Europe and United States. One of the most notable is the A321neo's engine, with options for either CFM International's LEAP 1A, which is a joint venture between GE Aerospace and Safran Aircraft Engines , or Pratt & Whitney PurePower PW1100G-JM. The A321neo has
5355-602: The airport. The consortium's proposal was divided into two phases: the improvement and expansion of terminals in the current NAIA land area and the development of an additional runway, taxiways, passenger terminals, and associated support infrastructure. Changi Airport Consultants Pte. Ltd., was to provide technical support. Singapore's Changi Airport Group eyed a 30-percent stake in this venture. On March 1, 2018, Megawide Construction Corporation and its India-based consortium partner GMR Infrastructure (the consortium which revamped Mactan–Cebu International Airport ), submitted
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#17327723606035460-557: The architectural design was developed by Leandro Locsin 's L.V. Locsin and Associates. In 1974, the designs were approved by the Philippine government and the ADB. Construction began in the second quarter of 1978 on a site close to the original Manila Airport, within the jurisdiction of Parañaque , then a municipality of Metro Manila. By 1991, Terminal 1 reached its capacity with a total passenger volume of 4.53 million. From that year,
5565-411: The arrival area, adding parking spaces, and enhancing facilities. Renovations began on January 23, 2014. Part of the project involved the installation of buckling restrained braces to enhance the building's structural integrity. Terminal 1 once served almost all foreign-based carriers (except All Nippon Airways ). After the full completion of the larger Terminal 3 in 2014, eighteen airlines moved to
5670-418: The bid to PairCargo and its partner Fraport AG of Germany. Originally scheduled to open in 2002, a contract dispute between the government of the Philippines and the project's main contractor, Philippine International Air Terminals Co. Inc. (Piatco), delayed its completion. While the original agreement allowed PairCargo and Fraport AG to operate the airport for several years after its construction, followed by
5775-418: The competing narrow-body aircraft and even have slightly lower per-seat costs than its 294-seat A330-200s . The A321neo is a narrow-body (single aisle) aircraft with a retractable tricycle landing gear , powered by two wing pylon-mounted turbofan engines . It is a low-wing cantilever monoplane with a conventional tail unit having a single vertical stabiliser and rudder. Changes from the A321ceo includes
5880-478: The completion and opening of Terminal 1, a new, higher-capacity terminal. Another fire damaged the old international terminal in May 1985. On August 21, 1983, oppositionist politician Ninoy Aquino attempted to return to the Philippines from exile in the United States, hoping to convince president Ferdinand Marcos to let go of political power after having held his position for nearly two decades. Aquino
5985-626: The congestion of both terminals. Transportation Secretary Arthur Tugade and House Speaker Pantaleon Alvarez supported the initiative, with the latter proposing that airlines relocate some of their flights to Clark International Airport . However, Senator Grace Poe , chairperson of the Senate Committee on Public Services , voiced concerns that a hasty implementation might exacerbate existing issues, with Poe suggesting capacity expansion instead. She further highlighted Terminal 2's limited capacity of handling 9 million passengers compared to
6090-473: The contract was signed on March 18, witnessed by President Marcos. NNIC offered the biggest revenue share with the government at 82.16 percent—more than double the proposed revenue shares of GMR Airports Consortium (33.30 percent) and MIAC (25.91 percent). The consortium also made the initial ₱30 billion payment to the government. With the privatization, the national government is expected to earn ₱900 billion , or ₱36 billion annually. On September 14, 2024,
6195-667: The current demand of over 16 million domestic passengers. Despite initial plans for implementation in August 2018, the Manila International Airport Authority (MIAA) announced its deferment a month prior due to "unforeseen operational constraints". The plan continued to be under review with no official implementation date set; however, some Philippine Airlines (PAL) flights to North America were relocated to Terminal 1 from Terminal 2 in July to accommodate
6300-429: The design to accommodate international flights. With 12 jet bridges , the terminal can accommodate 2.5 million passengers per year in its north wing and five million in its south wing, for a total of 7.5 million passengers per year. After its conversion to a domestic terminal in 2023, its capacity was increased to ten million. The French government funded a study that led to the terminal's construction and submitted
6405-489: The end of 2017 but agreed to postpone them; it was to receive seven A321ceos in 2018, starting in March, to upgauge A320 routes from slot-constrained Manila Airport and redeploy some of its international A330s to shorter-haul routes. Air New Zealand has at least seven A321neos in its 13 A320-family orders, increasing seating capacity by 27% over A320ceos currently used on short-haul international routes, mainly to Australia ;
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#17327723606036510-420: The end of the old MIA Road (now NAIA Road ), covers an area of 75,000 square meters (810,000 sq ft). Construction began in December 1995, and the terminal started operating in 1999. It received the name Centennial Terminal in commemoration of the centennial year of Philippine independence . French company Aéroports de Paris (ADP) initially designed the terminal for domestic use, but later modified
6615-425: The entirety of the supervision costs. The construction of the terminal officially began on December 11, 1995, and the Philippine government took over the completed terminal on December 28, 1998. The terminal became fully operational in 1999. In August 2014, authorities announced a plan to expand Terminal 2, incorporating a structure to interconnect Terminals 1 and 2. In order to do so, the plan called for demolishing
6720-565: The equivalent of four 3,121 L (824 US gal) current Additional Centre Tanks (ACTs), yet has a weight equivalent to a single ACT and takes up the cargo hold space of two; a forward ACT can also be fitted if necessary. As the sharklets lowered take-off and landing speeds, the switch from a double- slotted to single-slotted inboard flap will reduce complexity, weight and drag. The FMS can set intermediate flap positions. The revised design could be applied to other A321neo variants. Orders from several lessors and airlines were announced at
6825-498: The first A321neo ACF was in final assembly in Hamburg. It was rolled out on 5 January 2018, and will be ground tested before first flight in the following weeks. It was to be delivered in mid-2018 and the optional layout will become the A321neo default from 2020. It made its first flight on 31 January 2018. The ACF exit limit is 250 passengers, but the aircraft is available for up to 240 passengers; it could be offered for 244 or potentially beyond by integrating flight attendant seats in
6930-562: The first test aircraft were delivered to the Hamburg Final Assembly Line in November, and its structure was completed by early December, among three planned development aircraft, and before entry into service in 2023. The first A321XLR prototype was rolled out in May 2022, equipped with CFM LEAP engines. The first flight took place on 15 June 2022 from Hamburg. However, entry into service was pushed back to 2024 from
7035-464: The first was delivered to Israeli carrier Arkia , while 120 orders have been secured from about 12 operators: Norwegian, TAP Air Portugal , Air Transat , Aer Lingus , Air Astana , Air Arabia and Azores Airlines will receive theirs from 2019, and Jetstar and Peach in 2020. On 13 November 2018, Arkia received the first A321LR, featuring 220 seats in a single-class and to be deployed to London , Paris, Barcelona for up to 5h sectors, or to Zanzibar and
7140-470: The flatter terrain, expanse of greenfield land, and the existing USAF base runway (Runway 13/31), which could be used for the airport. The original one-story bungalow terminal was built adjacent to the runway and serves as the present-day Terminal 4. In 1954, the airport's longer international runway (Runway 06/24) and associated taxiways were built, and in 1956, construction was started on a control tower and an international terminal building. The new terminal
7245-594: The former by transferring forty percent of AirAsia's daily passenger volume to the larger terminal. From April to June 2023, eight foreign airlines moved to Terminal 3 to make space for PAL's international operations at T1. These changes were designed to offer international passengers at Terminals 1 and 3 a wider selection of food and retail outlets, and additional time for duty-free shopping . After PAL completed moving all its international flights to T1 on June 16, 2023, Philippines AirAsia and Royal Air Philippines began operating from Terminal 2 on July 1, thereby reverting
7350-463: The fuel systems. By August 2020, Premium Aerotec had started producing the rear centre tank for the first A321XLR in Augsburg , to be transferred to Airbus's Hamburg plant in early 2021. By April 2021, a standard A321LR fuselage section had been withdrawn from the Hamburg production line for use as a "pre-industrial system accelerator" to test the integration of XLR-specific systems; at Saint-Nazaire,
7455-541: The incidents. In April 2016, a similar incident occurred. In February 2018, the Department of Transportation (DOTr) proposed the rationalization of flights to decongest the terminals of NAIA. The original plan called for Terminals 1 and 3 exclusively handling international flights, while Terminals 2 and 4 would facilitate domestic flights. This revision would deviate from the practice where Terminals 2 and 3 operate both domestic and international flights, contributing to
7560-539: The initial 2023 date to address fuel tank issues raised by regulators. A revised design with special conditions was approved by the United States Federal Aviation Administration in December 2022. The A321XLR received its type certificate from EASA on 19 July 2024. The first A321XLR was delivered to Iberia on 30 October 2024 and conducted its first revenue flight on 6 November 2024. The first long-haul flight with passengers
7665-608: The larger terminal to decongest Terminal 1. Since June 16, 2023, flag carrier Philippine Airlines uses Terminal 1 as its international hub. Low-cost carrier Royal Air Philippines also uses the terminal for its international flights. Other airlines operating at Terminal 1 include Air China , Air Niugini , Asiana Airlines , China Airlines , China Eastern Airlines , EVA Air , Japan Airlines , Korean Air , Kuwait Airways , Malaysia Airlines , Oman Air , Royal Brunei Airlines , Saudia , Shenzhen Airlines , Vietnam Airlines , XiamenAir , and Zipair Tokyo . Terminal 2, situated at
7770-480: The latter's expansion is completed. On February 12, 2018, a consortium of seven conglomerates consisting of Aboitiz InfraCapital , AC Infrastructure Holdings, Alliance Global , Asia's Emerging Dragon, Filinvest Development Corporation , JG Summit Holdings , and Metro Pacific Investments Corporation (which later pulled out in March 2020) submitted a ₱ 350 billion , or US$ 6.75 billion , 35-year unsolicited proposal to rehabilitate, expand, operate, and maintain
7875-743: The latter's rehabilitation. By October, four international airlines transferred operations to Terminal 3, freeing up space for United States flight operations at Terminal 1. Subsequently, more airlines from Terminal 1 were scheduled to relocate to Terminal 3. On December 1, 2022, the MIAA officially implemented the Schedule and Terminal Assignment Rationalization (STAR) program, when PAL began gradually transferring its international flights from Terminal 2 to Terminal 1. Likewise, Philippines AirAsia transferred its two busiest flights ( Boracay – Caticlan and Cebu )—from Terminal 4 to Terminal 3, to ease congestion at
7980-410: The lavatories outside wall to allow additional passenger seats. The EASA allows 244 passengers with "overperforming" Type C exits at both ends, two Type III overwing exits, a Type C mid-cabin exit and a separate approval for individual customised cabin layouts . The FAA would limit it to 200 as the mid-cabin exit would be derated to a Type III exit: 65 each for Type C doors at the ends plus 70 for all
8085-495: The local media the tanim-bala [literally plant-bullet] scam) spread, creating a scare among travelers. Former Davao City mayor Rodrigo Duterte , then a presumptive presidential candidate in the 2016 Philippine presidential election , further alleged that a syndicate was behind the incidents. Duterte said the operation had continued for more than two years. Malacañang Palace and the Philippine Senate investigated
8190-571: The neos will be delayed until July 2018 for the A320neos and September 2018 for the A321neos with a new, higher density and some A320ceo leases will be extended for the interim. Hawaiian's first two A321neos were to have been delivered in 2017 before its upcoming winter peak season but were postponed to early 2018, a "frustrating" and "irritating" delay, with another nine in 2018, mostly in the first half. They are intended to open up thinner routes to
8295-428: The newest and largest terminal, covers 182,500 square meters (1,964,000 sq ft) and extends 1.2 kilometers (0.75 mi), occupying a 63.5-hectare (157-acre) site on Villamor Air Base . With construction beginning in 1997, the terminal partially opened on July 22, 2008, increasing the airport's capacity by 13 million passengers. The terminal's development, part of the 1989 expansion plan, commenced in 1997 but
8400-401: The operation of select PAL Express flights from Terminal 3 from 2012 to 2018. On June 16, 2023, PAL moved its international flights to Terminal 1, leaving its domestic flights at Terminal 2. This allowed the entry of low-cost carriers and former Terminal 4 users Philippines AirAsia and Royal Air Philippines on July 1, thereby converting T2 to exclusively serve domestic flights. Terminal 3,
8505-488: The plane, the tarmac, and the terminal. The incident triggered constant protests for the next three years, and along with the crash of the Philippine economy earlier in 1983 , is credited as one of the key events which led to the February 1986 People Power Revolution which removed Marcos from power. Four years after the incident, during the presidency of Ninoy's widow Corazon Aquino in 1987, Republic Act No. 6639
8610-688: The previous year, making it the busiest airport in the Philippines , the 15th busiest in Asia , and the 38th busiest in the world . Manila's original airport, Grace Park Airfield (also known as Manila North) in Grace Park, Caloocan (then a municipality of Rizal ), opened in 1935. It was the city's first commercial airport and was used by the Philippine Aerial Taxi Company (later Philippine Airlines ) for its first domestic routes. In July 1937, Nielson Airport , located in
8715-617: The regular 93.5t MTOW A321neo, making it the first version of the A320 family to have true transatlantic capability, thus replacing the Boeing 757 in the middle of the market . The A321LR has the Cabin Flex layout and was to be first delivered in Q4 2018. Certification was aimed for the second quarter of 2018, with a programme including tests with one, two, three, or no additional centre tanks and
8820-406: The review to the Philippine government in 1990. In 1991, the French government provided a 30-million-franc soft loan to the Philippine government to fund the detailed architectural and engineering design. ADP finished the design in 1992. The Japanese government followed suit in 1994, providing an ¥ 18.12-billion soft loan to the Philippine government to finance 75% of the construction costs and
8925-460: The same overall length as the A321ceo, with an increased fuel efficiency and performance rating. The A321neo has a range of 3,995 nautical miles (7,399 km), with an MTOW (maximum take-off weight) of 97 tons (97 000 kg/213 848 lb), and its engine has 24,500–35,000 lbf (109–156 kN) of thrust . It received its type certification with Pratt & Whitney engines on 15 December 2016, and simultaneous EASA and FAA certification for
9030-467: The show, starting with Middle East Airlines , which ordered four A321XLRs, making it the launch airline customer. Air Lease Corporation ordered twenty-seven A321XLRs alongside twenty-three other A321neos and fifty A220-300s. IAG quoted a $ 142 million list price as it committed to 28 aircraft, including eight for Iberia , six for Aer Lingus, plus 14 options. Qantas Group placed an order for 36 XLRs, to be operated on routes between Australia and Asia , and
9135-407: The terminal has been over capacity, recording an annual average growth rate of 11%. To accommodate this, improvements have been made, increasing its capacity to six million passengers. From 2011 to 2013, Terminal 1 was ranked among the worst airports in Asia by the travel website The Guide to Sleeping In Airports . As a result, plans were developed to rehabilitate the terminal, including expanding
9240-758: The terminal in December 2004. Piatco sued the Philippine government before the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), while Fraport separately sued the government at the International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). The ICSID decided in August 2007 in favor of the government, while in January 2012, the ICC case became final and executory in favor of the government. Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM) designed
9345-967: The terminal to Newport City . Low-cost carrier Cebu Pacific was the first to operate at Terminal 3 on July 22, 2008. PAL Express (then Air Philippines and Airphil Express) followed suit, and used it until 2018. The first foreign carrier to operate out of Terminal 3 was All Nippon Airways on February 27, 2011. From August to October 2014, Delta Air Lines (later terminated in 2021), KLM , Emirates , Singapore Airlines , and Cathay Pacific moved to Terminal 3. Between 2018 and 2020, United Airlines , Qantas , Qatar Airways , Turkish Airlines , and Etihad Airways followed suit, as did Jetstar Asia , Jetstar Japan , Scoot , China Southern Airlines , Starlux Airlines (later terminated in March 2024), Jeju Air , Ethiopian Airlines , Thai Airways International , and Gulf Air in 2023. Other operators at Terminal 3 include new entrants Aero K , Greater Bay Airlines , and HK Express . Terminal 3 has also been used by
9450-573: The terminal to its original domestic design. While T2 is being expanded, Cebu Pacific's domestic and international operations remained at Terminal 3. Meanwhile, flights of AirSWIFT , SkyJet Airlines , Cebgo , and Sunlight Air remained at Terminal 4. Ahead of the airport's privatization, the New NAIA Infrastructure Corporation—a consortium led by San Miguel Corporation —planned another set of terminal reassignments in August 2024, with an initial target implementation date before
9555-701: The world's worst airports. In response, a private consortium has been overseeing the airport's operation and rehabilitation since September 14, 2024. Two nearby construction projects meant to reduce congestion at NAIA are also underway: one being the New Manila International Airport in Bulakan , Bulacan and the other being to upgrade Sangley Point Airport in Cavite City into an international airport. In 2023, NAIA served 45.3 million passengers, forty-seven percent more than
9660-451: Was ILFC . The Airbus A321neo prototype, D-AVXB, first flew on 9 February 2016. It suffered a tailstrike three days later and was flown to Toulouse for repairs, delaying the certification programme for several weeks. The A321neo received its type certification with Pratt & Whitney engines on 15 December 2016, and simultaneous EASA and FAA certification for the CFM LEAP-powered variant on 1 March 2017. The first A321neo, leased by GECAS ,
9765-568: Was approved by Executive Order No. 381 immediately after the former airport was destroyed by a fire a month earlier. The project's feasibility study and master plan were conducted by the Airways Engineering Corporation in 1973, supported by a US$ 29.6 million loan from the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The detailed engineering design was created by Renardet-Sauti/Transplan/F.F. Cruz Consultant, and
9870-427: Was assassinated mere moments after exiting his plane at Terminal 1's Gate 8 (now Gate 11) after returning to the Philippines from exile in the United States. Aviation Security Command (AVSECOM) personnel escorted Aquino out of the plane to the tarmac, where an agency van awaited. A single gunshot killed him. Several shots were fired, killing alleged assassin, Rolando Galman. Seconds later, gunfire erupted, causing chaos in
9975-472: Was beleaguered by legal battles, red tape , and arbitration cases in the United States and Singapore, as well as technical and safety issues including repeated incidents of collapsed ceilings that led to repeated delays. Japan-based Takenaka Corporation undertook the terminal's rehabilitation, and it became fully operational on July 31, 2014. The construction of a third terminal was proposed by Asia's Emerging Dragon Corporation (AEDP). AEDP eventually lost
10080-662: Was considering options including the A321XLR and the Boeing 737 MAX . The A321XLR was officially launched at the Paris Air Show on 17 June 2019, with deliveries at that time expected from 2023. Its design offers 4,700 nmi (8,700 km; 5,400 mi) of range and features a new permanent rear centre tank (RCT) for more fuel, strengthened landing gear for a 101 t (223,000 lb) MTOW, and an optimised wing trailing-edge flap to preserve take-off performance. The RCT will hold 12,900 L (3,400 US gal) of fuel,
10185-775: Was delivered in Hamburg to Virgin America, configured with 184 seats and LEAP engines, and entered service in May 2017. The neo empty weight is 1.8t greater than the ceo, due to its new engines and associated airframe modifications: engine pylons, wing structure and bleed and oil systems were adapted. At the same maximum weight, it reaches FL310 30-nm before and 4 min earlier than the ceo. At FL330 (10 000 m), ISA −2 °C (28 °F) and 67 t (148,000 lb), it burns 2,200 kilograms per hour (4,850 lb/h) at Mach 0.76 / 515 miles per hour (829 km/h) long-range cruise or 2,440 kg/h (5,400 lb/h) at Mach 0.80 / 542 miles per hour (872 km/h) high-speed cruise. To offer similar takeoff performance, pitch response to stick input
10290-422: Was designed by Federico Ilustre and was built on the current site of Terminal 2. It was inaugurated on September 22, 1961. On January 22, 1972, a fire caused substantial damage to the terminal, resulting in six casualties. A slightly smaller terminal was built the following year. This second terminal would serve as the country's international terminal until 1981 when it was converted to a domestic terminal, upon
10395-465: Was enacted without executive approval, renaming the airport in Ninoy's honor. Presently, a body mark of Aquino's assassination is on display at the departures area, while the spot at Gate 8 where he was killed has a memorial plaque . Due to this event, Terminal 1 is nicknamed the "Ninoy Aquino Terminal." Plans for a new terminal were conceived in 1989 when the Department of Transportation commissioned
10500-548: Was officially renamed for former Philippine senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr. , who was assassinated at the airport on August 21, 1983. NAIA is managed by the Manila International Airport Authority (MIAA), an agency of the Department of Transportation (DOTr). It is currently operated by the New NAIA Infrastructure Corporation (NNIC), a subsidiary of San Miguel Corporation . NAIA and Clark International Airport in Clark Freeport Zone , Pampanga , both serve
10605-553: Was on 14 November 2024, from Madrid to Boston . There are 1,511 A321neo aircraft in service with 88 operators as of October 2024. The five largest operators are Wizz Air (136), IndiGo (114), American Airlines (80), Delta Airlines (67), and China Southern Airlines (65). As of November 2024, there were zero fatal hull loss accidents of the A321neo. Related development Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era Related lists Single-aisle aircraft Too Many Requests If you report this error to
10710-531: Was proposed to Air Transat and AerCap : Air Transat could reach Southern European destinations such as Split, Croatia from Montreal and Toronto . In November, Airbus indicated that the A321XLR would have a MTOW of over 100 t (220,000 lb) and 700 nmi (1,300 km; 810 mi), more range than the A321LR with the same wing and engines, increased fuel capacity and strengthened landing gear. In January 2019, Air Canada expressed interest in using narrow-body aircraft for transatlantic routes and said it
10815-495: Was studying an A321LR variant with a further increased MTOW, requiring strengthened landing gear. With a lower-density cabin, it was expected to fly almost 5,000 nmi (9,300 km; 5,800 mi) It was to cover more of the market segment likely to be targeted by the Boeing New Midsize Airplane . The proposed A321XLR (Xtra Long Range) with a range extended to 4,500 nmi (8,300 km; 5,200 mi)
10920-402: Was the first customer to order the aircraft on 27 April 2011, with IndiGo being the first commercial airline customer to order the aircraft, on 22 June 2011, ordering 304 A321neo. The first A321neo entered commercial service with Virgin America in May 2017, who merged with Alaska Airlines in 2018; the latter also acquired all of Virgin's aircraft. Like the A321ceo, the final production of
11025-405: Was to be launched in 2019 to enter service in 2021 or 2022. Integrated in the fuselage to save weight, the centre fuel tank was to be enlarged. As of July 2018, about 200–300 nmi (370–560 km; 230–350 mi) of the targeted range increase had already been secured; additional work was needed to achieve the remaining 200 nmi (370 km; 230 mi). In October 2018, the A321XLR
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