Misplaced Pages

#494505

114-541: On April 6, 2010, American moved all existing AmericanConnection operations to Chicago–O'Hare as part of its restructuring plan, eliminating service by AmericanConnection at St. Louis. At one time AmericanConnection operated over 180 flights a day to 21 destinations. Most of the AmericanConnection carriers previously operated under a marketing agreement with Trans World Airlines (TWA) as Trans World Express carriers and later as Trans World Connection during

228-594: A $ 150 million bond issue for the TWA hub there. TWA vetoed plans for a Dulles International Airport –style hub-and-spoke gate structure. Following union strife, the airport ultimately cost $ 250 million when it opened in 1972, with Vice President Spiro Agnew officiating. TWA's gates, which were intended to be within 100 feet (30 m) of the street, became obsolete because of security issues. Kansas City refused to rebuild its terminals as Dallas Fort Worth International Airport rebuilt its similar terminals, forcing TWA to look for

342-489: A ' union buster ', TWA's unions objected to the sale, and instead supported a takeover deal from Carl Icahn by offering concessions on condition that Icahn's deal be accepted by the board. Directors subsequently agreed, and the Texas Air deal was scrapped. Following the sale, Icahn appointed himself as chairman of the airline. Also in 1985, TWA closed its hub at Pittsburgh International Airport after nearly 20 years as

456-558: A Delaware suit against Hughes and Hughes Tool Co. On January 10, 1973, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against TWA in the federal case. However, on May 15, 1986, Delaware ruled in favor of TWA for the state case, eventually awarding TWA $ 48,346,000. TWA started operating its Convair 880s on January 12, 1961 but would report a net loss of $ 38.7 million for 1961. TWA reported a net profit of $ 19.8 million in 1963, $ 37 million in 1964, and $ 50.1 million in 1965. TWA stock went from $ 7.5 per share in 1962 to $ 62 in 1965. Under new management,

570-543: A Federalized National Guard unit in the southern United States and died in late 1942. The renaming was vetoed by Mayor La Guardia and reinstated by the New York City Council ; in common usage, the airport was still called "Idlewild". In 1944, the New York City Board of Estimate authorized the condemnation of another 1,350 acres (550 ha) for Idlewild. The Port of New York Authority (now

684-420: A consequence, Hughes was able to hire Damon to run TWA. Damon described air transportation as "a race between technology and bankruptcy." Over the next 7 years, Damon introduced practices within the industry that became standard, such as multi-class service with first class and economy class. Damon also brought financial stability by eliminating the company deficit, which was reflected in the stock price rising into

798-588: A digital and static photography exhibit in collaboration with the Cradle of Aviation Museum ; a mural representing Queens by local artist Zeehan Wazed; a series of photographs by Terminal 4 employees, and the first-ever freestanding hologram device in an airport in partnership with Proto hologram which shows animals from the Bronx Zoo and has been used to beam in comedian Howie Mandel as a live hologram to surprise passengers. Terminal 5 opened in 2008 for JetBlue ,

912-477: A food court, filling station , and originally four Tesla Superchargers . The original 4 Tesla Superchargers were later replaced with a new station with 12 stalls. Taxis and other for-hire vehicles (FHV) serving JFK are licensed by the New York City Taxi & Limousine Commission . In 2019, PANYNJ approved the implementation of "airport access fee" surcharges on FHV and taxi trips, with

1026-761: A hub. The following year, TWA acquired Ozark Air Lines , a regional carrier based at Lambert-St. Louis International Airport, for $ 250 million. This transaction increased TWA's share of enplanements in St. Louis from 56.6% to 82%. TWA had pilot bases in many European cities such as Berlin , Frankfurt , Zürich , Rome , and Athens . These bases were used to provide crews for the Boeing 727s which TWA operated in its European route network. Its Boeing 727 aircraft served Cairo , Athens , Rome , London , Paris , Geneva , Berlin, Frankfurt, Hamburg , Stuttgart , Zürich, Amsterdam , Oslo , Vienna , and Istanbul . In 1987, Icahn moved

1140-469: A large number of them. Consequently, TWA had to manage excess capacity with a fleet of oversized planes that exceeded their actual requirements. By 1975, the financial obligations of some payrolls could only be fulfilled by promptly selling six Boeing 747 aircraft to the Iranian Air Force . The financial deal involving TWA, in which the jetliners were sold for around one-sixth of their true value,

1254-410: A large suitcase. The theft was not discovered until the following Monday. The Lufthansa heist took place on December 11, 1978, at the airport. The robbery netted an estimated US$ 5.875 million (equivalent to US$ 27.4 million in 2023), including US$ 5 million in cash and US$ 875,000 in jewelry. It was the largest cash robbery committed on American soil at the time. James Burke , an associate of

SECTION 10

#1732776608495

1368-561: A lawsuit alleging "that she had been discriminated against 'because of poor complexion ... unattractive teeth' and legs that were 'not shapely'". New York governor W. Averell Harriman praised her hiring, saying the action "would raise American prestige abroad". Charles Sparks Thomas became president on July 2, 1958. The inaugural flight of TWA's Boeing 707 took place on March 20, 1959. In 1961, TWA introduced in-flight movies . In 1962, TWA started using Doppler radar on its international flights. In 1960, Hughes relinquished control of

1482-541: A new United terminal. Terminal 6 was used by JetBlue from 2001 until JetBlue moved to Terminal 5 in 2008. The Sundrome was demolished in 2011. The airport was renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport on December 24, 1963, a month and two days after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy ; Mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. proposed the renaming. The IDL and KIDL codes have since been reassigned to Indianola Municipal Airport in Mississippi , and

1596-477: A new hub. Missouri politicians moved to keep it in the state and in 1982, TWA began a decade-long move to Lambert International Airport in St. Louis. On April 7, 1967, TWA became one of the first all-jet airlines in the USA with the retirement of their last Lockheed L-749A Constellation and L-1649 Starliner cargo aircraft. That morning aircraft ground-service personnel placed a booklet on every passenger seat throughout

1710-453: A new terminal and longer runways from 1960 to 1966. By the mid-1970s, the two airports had roughly equal airline traffic (by flight count); Newark was in third place until the 1980s, except during LaGuardia's reconstruction. Concorde , operated by Air France and British Airways , made scheduled trans-Atlantic supersonic flights to JFK from November 22, 1977, until its retirement by British Airways on October 24, 2003. Air France had retired

1824-401: A plan for each major airline at the airport to be given its own space to develop its own terminal. This scheme made construction more practical, made terminals more navigable, and introduced incentives for airlines to compete with each other for the best design. The revised plan met airline approval in 1955, with seven terminals initially planned. Five terminals were for individual airlines, one

1938-559: A power plant, and other airport facilities. The terminals are connected by the AirTrain system and access roads. Directional signage throughout the terminals was designed by Paul Mijksenaar . A 2006 survey by J.D. Power and Associates in conjunction with Aviation Week found that JFK ranked second in overall traveller satisfaction among large airports in the United States, behind Harry Reid International Airport , which serves

2052-461: A replacement aircraft, but the first sixty modern all-metal Boeing 247s were promised to Boeing 's sister company United Airlines (both were subsidiaries of United Aircraft and Transport Corporation ). TWA was forced to sponsor the development of a new airplane design. Specifications included the ability to fly the high altitude route between Winslow, Arizona , and Albuquerque, New Mexico , with one engine inoperative. Other specifications included

2166-459: A share, giving Hughes control, and Noah Dietrich was also placed on the board. Later, Hughes bought another $ 1,500,000 worth of stock. Paul E. Richter became executive vice president in 1938. A new order for five Stratoliners was placed on September 23, 1939, the first Stratoliner was delivered on May 6, 1940, and TWA initiated coast-to-coast flights on July 8, 1940. The planes could carry 16 night passengers in berths or 33 day passengers. The cabin

2280-635: A shuttle bus, or use the AirTrain JFK to get to the other terminal, then re-clear security. Terminal 1 opened in 1998, 50 years after the opening of JFK, at the direction of the Terminal One Group, a consortium of four key operating carriers: Air France , Japan Airlines , Korean Air , and Lufthansa . This partnership was founded after the four airlines reached an agreement that the then-existing international carrier facilities were inadequate for their needs. The Eastern Air Lines terminal

2394-908: A subsidiary of the Schiphol Group and was the first in the United States to be managed by a foreign airport operator. Terminal 4 currently contains 48 gates in two concourses and functions as the hub for Delta Air Lines at JFK. Airlines servicing Terminal 4 include SkyTeam carriers Aeromexico , Air Europa , China Airlines , Delta Air Lines , Kenya Airways , KLM , Virgin Atlantic , and XiamenAir ; Star Alliance carriers Air India , Avianca , Copa Airlines , and Singapore Airlines ; and non-alliance carriers Caribbean Airlines , El Al , Emirates , Etihad Airways , Hawaiian Airlines , JetBlue (late night international arrivals only), LATAM Brasil , LATAM Chile , LATAM Peru , Uzbekistan Airways , and WestJet . Like Terminal 1,

SECTION 20

#1732776608495

2508-674: A third and final bankruptcy and was acquired by American Airlines. American laid off many former TWA employees in the wake of the September 11, 2001, attacks . TWA continued to exist as an LLC under American Airlines until July 1, 2003. American Airlines closed the St. Louis hub in 2009. TWA's corporate history dates from July 16, 1930, and the forced merger of Transcontinental Air Transport (TAT), Western Air Express (WAE), Maddux Air Lines, Standard, and Pittsburgh Aviation Industries Corporation (PAIC) to form Transcontinental & Western Air (T&WA) on 1 Oct. 1930. The companies merged at

2622-483: A total of 1,283 departures a week, including about 250 from Eastern Air Lines , 150 from National Airlines and 130 from Pan American . By 1954, Idlewild had the highest volume of international air traffic of any airport globally. The Port of New York Authority originally planned a single 55-gate terminal, but the major airlines did not agree with this plan, arguing that the terminal would be far too small for future traffic. Architect Wallace Harrison then designed

2736-607: A transcontinental record of 13 hours and 4 minutes. On April 17, Frye was elected president of TWA. Throughout 1934, Tommy Tomlinson set further load and distance records with the DC-1. At the same time, TWA used its Northrop Gamma as an "experimental Overweather Laboratory", in a desire to fly at altitudes above the weather. The DC-1 was followed by the delivery of 32 Douglas DC-2s that started operations in May 1934 on TWA's Columbus–Pittsburgh–Newark route. Most were phased out by 1937 as

2850-629: Is a major international airport serving New York City and its metropolitan area . JFK Airport is located on the southwestern shore of Long Island , in Queens , New York City, bordering Jamaica Bay . It is the busiest of the seven airports in the New York airport system , the sixth-busiest airport in the United States , and the busiest international commercial airport in North America . The airport, which covers 5,200 acres (2,104 ha),

2964-870: Is complimentary, external transfers at the latter two locations are paid via OMNY or MetroCard and provide access to the New York City Subway , Long Island Rail Road , and MTA Bus services. As of 2022 , only the Q3 bus serves Terminal 8. The Q6 , Q7 serve JFK's cargo terminals. The Q10 and B15 serve the Lefferts Boulevard station on the AirTrain and it includes a free transfer. The B15, Q3, and Q10 buses will return to Terminal 5 in 2026 due to construction. Bus fares are paid via OMNY or MetroCard , with free transfers provided to New York City Subway services. Vehicles primarily access

3078-574: Is connected to the Saarinen central building through the original passenger departure-arrival tubes that connected the building to the outlying gates. The original Saarinen terminal, also known as the head house, has since been converted into the TWA Hotel . Northwest Orient , Braniff International Airways , and Northeast Airlines opened a joint terminal in November 1962 (later Terminal 2). It

3192-401: Is still in use; runway 31L (originally 9,500 ft or 2,896 m) opened soon after the rest of the airport and is still in use; runway 1R closed in 1957 and runway 7R closed around 1966. Runway 4 (originally 8,000 ft, now runway 4L) opened June 1949 and runway 4R was added ten years later. A smaller runway 14/32 was built after runway 7R closed and

3306-554: Is the largest in the New York metropolitan area. Over 90 airlines operate from Kennedy Airport , with nonstop or direct flights to destinations on all six inhabited continents. JFK is located in the Jamaica neighborhood of Queens, 16 miles (26 km) southeast of Midtown Manhattan . The airport features five passenger terminals and four runways. It is primarily accessible via car, bus, shuttle, or other vehicle transit via

3420-534: The Boeing ;747 's weight. The International Arrivals Building, or IAB, was the first new terminal at the airport, opening in December 1957. The building was designed by SOM . The terminal stretched nearly 2,300 feet (700 meters) and was parallel to runway 7R. The terminal had "finger" piers at right angles to the main building allowing more aircraft to park, an innovation at the time. The building

3534-505: The Delta Air Lines hub, in 2008. On March 19, 2007, JFK was the first airport in the United States to receive a passenger Airbus A380 flight. The route, with an over-500-passenger capacity, was operated by Lufthansa and Airbus and arrived at Terminal 1. On August 1, 2008, it received the first regularly scheduled commercial A380 flight to the United States (on Emirates ' New York–Dubai route) at Terminal 4. Although

AmericanConnection - Misplaced Pages Continue

3648-676: The Douglas DC-3 started service, but several DC-2s would be operational through the early years of World War II. TWA started using the DC-3 on June 1, 1937. The fleet included ten DST sleeper aircraft and eight standard DC-3 day versions. In 1934, following charges of favouritism in the contracts, the Air Mail scandal erupted, leading to the Air Mail Act of 1934 , which dissolved the forced Transcontinental/Western merger and ordered

3762-493: The JFK Expressway or Interstate 678 ( Van Wyck Expressway ), or by train. JFK is a hub for American Airlines and Delta Air Lines as well as the primary operating base for JetBlue . The airport is also a former hub for Braniff , Eastern , Flying Tigers , National , Northeast , Northwest , Pan Am , Seaboard World , Tower Air , and TWA . The facility opened in 1948 as New York International Airport and

3876-668: The Las Vegas metropolitan area . Until the early 1990s, each terminal was known by the primary airline that served it, except for Terminal 4, which was known as the International Arrivals Building. In the early 1990s, all terminals were given numbers except for the Tower Air terminal, which sat outside the Central Terminals area and was not numbered. Like the other airports controlled by

3990-533: The Lucchese crime family of New York, was believed to be the mastermind behind the robbery, but was never charged with the crime. Burke is also alleged to have either committed or ordered the murders of many in the robbery, both to avoid being implicated in the heist and to keep their shares of the money for himself. The only person convicted in the Lufthansa heist was Louis Werner, an airport worker involved with

4104-593: The Lucchese crime family stole $ 420,000 (equivalent of approximately $ 3.8 million in 2023) from the Air France cargo terminal at the airport. It was the largest cash robbery in the United States at the time. It was carried out by Henry Hill , Robert McMahon, Tommy DeSimone and Montague Montemurro, on a tip-off from McMahon. Hill believed it was the Air France robbery that endeared him to the Mafia . Air France

4218-698: The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey ) leased the Idlewild property from the City of New York in 1947 and maintains this lease today. In March 1948, the City Council changed the official name to New York International Airport, Anderson Field , but the common name remained "Idlewild" until December 24, 1963. The airport was intended as the world's largest and most efficient, with "no confusion and no congestion". The first flight from Idlewild

4332-547: The Star of Paris . The Italy route was initiated on 2 April and then extended to Cairo. Hughes flew the Star of California from Los Angeles to New York on February 15, 1946, in 8 hours and 38 minutes. Hollywood passengers included Cary Grant , Myrna Loy , William Powell , Frank Morgan , Walter Pidgeon , Tyrone Power , Edward G. Robinson . Hence TWA's reputation as the "airline of the stars". On October 21, 1946, TWA pilots went on strike. The strike finally ended when TWA and

4446-494: The TWA Flight Center in 1962, designed by Eero Saarinen with a distinctive winged-bird shape. With the demise of TWA in 2001, the terminal remained vacant until 2005 when JetBlue and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) financed the construction of a new 26-gate terminal partly encircling the Saarinen building. Called Terminal 5 (Now T5), the new terminal opened on October 22, 2008. T5

4560-609: The Trans World Corporation (TWA's holding company) expanded to purchase Hilton Hotels , Hardee's , Canteen Corp., and Century 21 Realty . Employment grew to nearly 10,000 employees. In 1964, TWA started a program to assist in the United States export expansion effort that became known as the TWA MarketAir Corporate Logo to promote business passenger air travel and as a marketing tool to be used in air cargo sales. This marketing effort

4674-686: The Transpacific Route Case of 1969, TWA was given authority to fly across the Pacific to Hawaii and Taiwan, and for a few years, TWA had a round-the-world network. In 1969, TWA opened the Breech Academy on a 25-acre (100,000 m ) campus in the Kansas City suburb of Overland Park, Kansas to train its flight attendants, ticket agents, and travel agents, as well as to provide flight simulators for its pilots. It became

AmericanConnection - Misplaced Pages Continue

4788-546: The United States Army Air Service to deliver the mail. However, Transcontinental opted to retain the T&;WA name. With the company facing financial hardship, Lehman Brothers and John D. Hertz took over ownership of the company. The Army fliers had a series of crashes, and it was decided to privatize the delivery with the provision that no former companies could bid on the contracts. T&WA added

4902-495: The pilots union agreed to binding arbitration on November 15, 1946. Additionally, TWA lost $ 14.5 million in 1946, owed $ 4.34 million in short-term debt and $ 38.9 million in long-term debt. Yet Hughes opposed Frye's financing proposals. Frye and Hughes had a falling out in 1947. Hughes's financial advisor Noah Dietrich wrote that "Frye's inept handling of costs, his inefficient operations, his extravagance with new purchases of equipment, all these factors combined to nosedive

5016-484: The $ 1.4 billion replacement for the International Arrivals Building, opened on May 24, 2001. JetBlue 's Terminal 5 incorporates the TWA Flight Center , and Terminals 8 and 9 were demolished and rebuilt as Terminal 8 for the American Airlines hub. The Port Authority Board of Commissioners approved a $ 20 million planning study for the redevelopment of Terminals 2 and 3,

5130-527: The 60s. Carter L. Burgess then took over in 1957, but lasted less than a year, unable to work with Hughes' meddling. On May 31, 1949, TWA ordered 20 Lockheed 749As. They were operated by TWA for the next 17 years. On February 22, 1950, TWA signed a contract with the Glenn L. Martin Company for 12 Martin 2-0-2s and 30 Martin 4-0-4s . The first plane was delivered on July 14, 1950. TWA's Martin fleet

5244-533: The American Eagle destinations route network, Business Express linked many smaller localities directly to American Airlines's expansive national and worldwide route network. On September 12, 2012 AMR Corporation , announced it was discontinuing the AmericanConnection marketing brand and reverting to using the sole marketing brand of American Eagle for its feeder services to small cities it contracts regional airlines to perform. However, in 2014 an announcement

5358-594: The Constellation in secret with Lockheed, and Hughes purchased 40 for TWA's use in 1939, through his Hughes Tool Company . On April 17, 1944, Hughes and Frye flew the TWA Constellation from Burbank, California , to Washington, D.C., in 6 hours 58 minutes. By the war's end, 20 Constellations had been built. TWA had 10 Constellations by the end of 1945 and acquired international routes. TWA inaugurated its New York-Paris route on February 5, 1946, with

5472-661: The Hardee's restaurant franchises. Financial woes in the 1970s included a flight attendants' strike, higher fuel prices after the Arab Oil Embargo , and airline deregulation . During the early 1970s, the aviation industry faced significant challenges due to a severe economic downturn. TWA, in particular, had difficulties as their Boeing 747s and Lockheed L-1011s flew with very low passenger numbers. TWA had originally purchased these planes not because they needed them for their operations, but rather because Pan Am had ordered

5586-719: The Hughes Tool Co. ordered 25 Lockheed L-1449 turboprops . On March 29, 1955, this order was changed to piston-powered L-1649As . Hughes transferred the planes to TWA in 1956, after receiving Civil Aeronautics Board approval. The first L-1649A was delivered on May 4, 1957. Fully reclining seats were later added to the airliner. In February 1956, Hughes Tool Co. placed an order with Pratt & Whitney for 300 jet engines, JT-3s and JT-4s . On March 2, 1956, Hughes Tool Co. placed an order for 8 domestic Boeing 707s , later increased to 15 aircraft on January 10, 1957, and an order for 18 international 707s on 19 March 1956, bringing

5700-767: The Port Authority and Delta/IAT had agreed to terms extending Concourse A by 16 domestic gates, renovating the arrival/departure halls, and improving land-side roadways for $ 3.8 billion. By April 2021, that plan had been scaled-back to $ 1.5 billion worth of improvements as a result of financial hardships imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic . The revised plan called for arrival/departure hall modernization and just ten new gates in Concourse A. Consolidation of Delta's operations within T4 occurred in early 2023, along with

5814-416: The Port Authority, JFK's terminals are sometimes managed and maintained by independent terminal operators. At JFK, all terminals are managed by airlines or consortiums of the airlines serving them, except for the Schiphol Group -operated Terminal 4. All terminals can handle international arrivals that are not pre-cleared. Most inter-terminal connections require passengers to exit security, then walk, use

SECTION 50

#1732776608495

5928-430: The TWA stock from 71 at the war's end to 9 in 1947". The airline was losing $ 20,000,000 a year, was in danger of not being able to acquire fuel for its planes due to being deeply indebted to oil companies, and the pilot's union went on strike. Hughes provided $ 10,000,000 worth of financing, which was later converted to 1,039,000 shares, Frye was removed, and Hughes added 11 members to the board, giving him control. Thus ended

6042-510: The TWA system titled "Props Are For Boats". Between 1967–72, TWA was the world's third-largest airline by passenger miles, behind Aeroflot and United. During the mid and late 1960s, the airline extended its reach as far east as Hong Kong from Europe and also introduced service to several destinations in Africa. In 1969, TWA carried the most transatlantic passengers of any airline; until then, Pan American World Airways had always been number one. In

6156-426: The United States, TWA was spun off from its holding company in 1984. Carl Icahn acquired control of TWA and took the company private in a leveraged buyout in 1988. TWA became saddled with debt, sold its London routes, underwent Chapter 11 restructuring in 1992 and 1995, and was further stressed by the crash of TWA Flight 800 in 1996, which would become the third deadliest aviation accident in U.S. history. TWA

6270-583: The West/Midwest (via Kansas City) and New York City (via John F. Kennedy International Airport ) to Europe and other world destinations. As part of this strategy, TWA's hub airports were to have gates close to the street. The TWA-style airport design proved impractical when hijackings to Cuba in the late 1960s caused a need for central security checkpoints. In 1962, TWA opened Trans World Flight Center , now Terminal 5 (or simply T5), at New York City's JFK Airport and designed by Eero Saarinen . The terminal

6384-661: The aircraft in May 2003. Construction of the AirTrain JFK people-mover system began in 1998, after decades of planning for a direct rail link to the airport. Although the system was originally scheduled to open in 2002, it opened on December 17, 2003, after delays caused by construction and a fatal crash. The rail network links each airport terminal to the New York City Subway and the Long Island Rail Road at Howard Beach and Jamaica . The airport's new Terminal 1 opened on May 28, 1998; Terminal 4,

6498-519: The airline carried more than 50 percent of all transatlantic passengers. Every day, Boeing 747, Lockheed L-1011 , and Boeing 767 aircraft departed to more than 30 cities in Europe, fed by a small but effective domestic operation focused on moving U.S. passengers to New York or other gateway cities for wide-body service across the Atlantic, while a similar inter-European operation shuttled non-U.S. passengers to TWA's European gateways—London, Paris (which

6612-411: The airline suffered after the 1931 Transcontinental & Western Air Fokker F-10 crash near Matfield Green, Kansas . The crash killed all eight on board, including University of Notre Dame football coach Knute Rockne . The cause of the crash was linked to the wooden wings, one of which failed in flight. As a consequence, all of the airline's Fokker F.10s were grounded and later scrapped. TWA needed

6726-406: The airline, as the major stockholder, through the financial terms associated with the jet purchase. As a consequence of that deal, Charles C. Tillinghast Jr. took over as president. The battle over Hughes' control continued in court until 1966 when Hughes was forced to sell his stock. That sale brought Hughes $ 546,549,771. Under a plan put together by Dillon, Read & Co. , a $ 165 million loan

6840-710: The airport averaged 73 daily airline operations (takeoffs plus landings); the October 1951 Airline Guide shows nine domestic departures a day on National and Northwest. Much of Newark Airport 's traffic shifted to Idlewild (which averaged 242 daily airline operations in 1952) when Newark was temporarily closed in February 1952 after a series of three plane crashes in the two preceding months in Elizabeth, all of which had fatalities; flights were shifted to Idlewild and La Guardia, which could have planes take off and land over

6954-731: The airport via the Van Wyck Expressway (I-678) or JFK Expressway , both of which are connected to the Belt Parkway and various surface streets in South Ozone Park and Springfield Gardens . The airport operates parking facilities consisting of multi-level terminal garages, surface spaces in the Central Terminal Area, and a long-term parking lot with total accommodation for more than 17,000 vehicles. A travel plaza on airport property also contains

SECTION 60

#1732776608495

7068-486: The capacity to carry 12 passengers and a range of 1,080 miles. On September 20, 1932, the development contract was signed with Douglas Aircraft Company and the Douglas DC-1 was delivered to TWA in December 1933, the sole example of its type. On February 18, 1934, Frye (pilot) and Eastern Air Lines ' head Eddie Rickenbacker (co-pilot), flew the DC-1 from Glendale, California , to Newark, New Jersey , setting

7182-488: The city at the end of December 1941. Construction began in 1943, though the airport's final layout was not yet decided upon. About US$ 60 million was initially spent with governmental funding, but only 1,000 acres (400 ha) of the Idlewild Golf Course site were earmarked for use. The project was renamed Major General Alexander E. Anderson Airport in 1943 after a Queens resident who had commanded

7296-470: The company's main offices from Manhattan to office buildings he owned in Mount Kisco . TWA earned a profit of $ 106.2 million in 1987. In September 1988, TWA stockholders approved a plan to take the company private, winning Icahn $ 469 million in personal profit, but adding $ 539.7 million in debt to TWA. TWA's zenith as an international carrier occurred in the summer of 1988, when, for the only time,

7410-603: The definitive airline facility, training other airlines' staff, as well as its own. The airline continued to expand European operations in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. In 1987, TWA had a transatlantic system reaching from Los Angeles to Bombay , including virtually every major European population center, with 10 American gateways. TWA introduced the Boeing 747 to its fleet in 1970. After the merger with Hilton International in 1967, TWA's holding company , Trans World Corp., continued to diversify, buying Canteen Corp. in 1973, and then

7524-488: The era of "The Airline Run by Flyers". LaMotte Cohu took over as president, and TWA ordered 12 Lockheed L-749 Constellations on October 18, 1947. Cohu was replaced by Ralph Damon in 1948. As president of American Airlines (AAL), Damon was a proponent of AAL being in the transatlantic market. Damon approved the mergers of AAL and American Export in 1945 to form American Overseas Airlines (AOA). When C.R. Smith sold AOA to Pan American, Damon became disillusioned with AAL. As

7638-567: The expansion of the airline to serve Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, making TWA a second unofficial flag carrier of the United States after Pan Am . Hughes gave up control in the 1960s, and the new management of TWA acquired Hilton International and Century 21 in an attempt to diversify the company's business. As the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 led to a wave of airline failures, start-ups, and takeovers in

7752-405: The expertise of Jack Frye . TWA became known as "The Lindbergh Line", with the "Shortest Route Coast to Coast". On October 25, 1930, the airline offered one of the first all-plane scheduled services from coast to coast. The route took 36 hours, which included an overnight stay in Kansas City. In summer 1931, TWA moved its headquarters from New York to Kansas City, Missouri. On March 31, 1931,

7866-413: The facility is Airbus A380 -compatible with service currently provided by Emirates to Dubai (both non-stop and one-stop via Milan ), and Etihad Airways to Abu Dhabi . Opened in early 2001 and designed by SOM , the 1.5-million-square-foot (140,000 m ) facility was built for $ 1.4 billion and replaced JFK's old International Arrivals Building (IAB), which opened in 1957 and was designed by

7980-513: The flight attendants during this decade went through three different designers. From 1971–1974, the official TWA uniform was designed by Valentino. From 1974–1978, the official TWA uniform was designed by Stan Herman , and from 1978–2001, the official TWA uniform was designed by Ralph Lauren. Facing the pressures of deregulation , the airline consolidated its route system around a domestic hub in St. Louis, aided by its purchase of Ozark Air Lines in 1986, and an international gateway in New York. It

8094-517: The manager and primary tenant of the building, functioning as its operating base at JFK. The terminal is also used by Cape Air . On November 12, 2014, JetBlue opened the International Arrivals Concourse (T5i) at the terminal. The terminal was redesigned by Gensler and constructed by Turner Construction , and sits behind the preserved Eero Saarinen -designed terminal originally known as the TWA Flight Center , which

8208-457: The merger transition between TWA and American. RegionsAir operated as AmericanConnection until March 2007 and Trans States Airlines operated as AmericanConnection until May 2009. Though not associated with TWA as many of former AmericanConnection airlines were, Business Express Airlines was yet another air carrier which flew under the AmericanConnection marketing banner. Prior to its acquisition by AMR Corporation and its integration into

8322-570: The new gates opening. Delta also opened a new Sky Club in Concourse A. The airline plans to open a lounge exclusive to Delta One customers by June 2024. It would be the largest in the airline's network. In 2019, American Express began construction of a Centurion lounge that subsequently opened in October 2020. The structural addition extends the headhouse between the control tower and gate A2, and includes 15,000 square-feet of dining, bars, and fitness facilities. In 2024, Terminal 4 announced an expansion of its Arts & Culture program with

8436-452: The now-renamed Kennedy Airport was given the codes JFK and KJFK, the fallen president's initials. Airlines began scheduling jets to Idlewild in 1958–59; LaGuardia did not get jets until 1964, and JFK became New York 's busiest airport. It had more airline takeoffs and landings than LaGuardia and Newark combined from 1962 to 1967 and was the second-busiest airport in the country, peaking at 403,981 airline operations in 1967. LaGuardia received

8550-608: The operations in preparation for the changeover of the crews that were to follow. Shortly before the DC-9 airplanes began arriving in Germany, however, the entire plan was cancelled because the leasing contracts that Carl Icahn had created for the former Ozark DC-9s specifically forbade any operations outside the continental limits of the United States. John F. Kennedy International Airport John F. Kennedy International Airport ( IATA : JFK , ICAO : KJFK , FAA LID : JFK )

8664-592: The planning. The money and jewellery have never been recovered. The heist's magnitude made it one of the longest-investigated crimes in U.S. history; the latest arrest associated with the robbery was made in 2014, which resulted in acquittal . All lines of AirTrain JFK , the airport's dedicated rail network, stop at each passenger terminal. The system also serves Federal Circle , the JFK long-term parking lot, and two multimodal rapid transit stations: Howard Beach and Jamaica . While AirTrain travel within airport property

8778-455: The prohibitive cost of removing the enormous installation. Pan American World Airways opened the Worldport (later Terminal 3) in 1960, designed by Tippetts-Abbett-McCarthy-Stratton. It featured a large, elliptical roof suspended by 32 sets of radial posts and cables; the roof extended 114 feet (35 m) beyond the base of the terminal to cover the passenger loading area. It

8892-423: The revenue earmarked to support the agency's capital programs. JFK has five active terminals, containing 130 gates in total. The terminals are numbered 1–8 but skipping terminals 2 (demolished in 2023), 3 (demolished in 2013) and 6 (demolished in 2011). The terminal buildings, except for the former Tower Air terminal, are arranged in a deformed U-shaped wavy pattern around a central area containing parking,

9006-519: The same architectural firm. The new construction incorporated a mezzanine-level AirTrain station, an expansive check-in hall, and a four-block-long retail area. Terminal 4 has seen multiple expansions over the years. On May 24, 2013, the completion of a $ 1.4 billion project added mechanized checked-bag screening, a centralized security checkpoint (consolidating two checkpoints into one new fourth-floor location), nine international gates, improved U.S. Customs and Border Protection facilities, and, at

9120-593: The same passenger and cargo capacity, so it was decided to replace the Boeing fleet. To prepare for this transition, TWA positioned several million dollars worth of spare parts for the DC-9s in Germany. This was a requirement dictated by the German government. If TWA wanted to use DC-9s in the service of the German population, then TWA had to provide readily available spare parts for its fleet. The airline also sent its senior DC-9 pilots (known as Check Airmen) to Europe to observe

9234-507: The service was suspended in 2009 due to poor demand, the aircraft was reintroduced in November 2010. Airlines operating A380s to JFK include Singapore Airlines (on its New York– Frankfurt – Singapore route), Lufthansa (on its New York– Frankfurt route), Korean Air (on its New York– Seoul route), Asiana Airlines (on its New York–Seoul route), Etihad Airways (on its New York–Abu Dhabi route), and Emirates (on its New York– Milan –Dubai and New York–Dubai routes). On December 8, 2015, JFK

9348-558: The soon-to-be-demolished Terminal 2 hardstands and Terminal 3. Delta sought funding from the New York City Industrial Development Agency, and work on Phase II was completed in January 2015. By 2017, plans to expand Terminal 4's passenger capacity were being floated in conjunction with a more significant JFK modernization proposal . In early 2020, Governor Cuomo announced that

9462-571: The suffix "Inc." to its name, thus qualifying it as a different company. It was awarded 60% of its old contracts back in May 1934 and won back the rest within a few years. On January 29, 1937, TWA contracted with Boeing for five Boeing 307 Stratoliners , which included a pressurized cabin. However, the TWA board refused to authorize the expenditure. Frye then approached another flying enthusiast, Howard Hughes , along with Algur H. Meadows and his business partner Henry W. Peters, to buy stock in 1937. Hughes Tool Company purchased 99,293 shares at $ 8.25

9576-428: The terminal building was being expanded to 215,501 square feet (20,021 m ). Further expansions would come in following years, including a control tower in 1952, as well as new and expanded buildings and taxiways . Idlewild opened with six runways and a seventh under construction; runways 1L and 7L were held in reserve and never came into use as runways. Runway 31R (originally 8,000 ft or 2,438 m)

9690-560: The time, the largest Sky Club lounge in Delta's network. Later that year, the expansion also improved passenger connectivity with Terminal 2 by bolstering inter-terminal JFK Jitney shuttle bus service and building a dedicated 8,000 square-foot bus holdroom facility adjacent to gate B20. Also in 2013, Delta, JFKIAT and the Port Authority agreed to a further $ 175 million Phase II expansion, which called for 11 new regional jet gates to supersede capacity previously provided by

9804-561: The total order with Boeing to 33 jet planes. Then on June 7, 1956, Hughes placed an order for 30 Convair 880 Skylarks. TWA suffered from its late entry to the jet age, and Hughes' 1956 order cost $ 497 million. The transaction ultimately resulted in Hughes losing control of the airline. In 1958, TWA became the first major airline to hire an African American flight attendant , hiring Margaret Grant after another African American woman, Dorothy Franklin of Astoria, Queens, New York , filed

9918-418: The urging of Postmaster General Walter Folger Brown , who was looking for bigger airlines to give airmail contracts to. The airline brought high-profile aviation pioneers who would give the airline the panache of being called "The Airman's Airline". TAT had the marquee expertise of Charles Lindbergh and was already offering a 48-hour combination of plane and train trips across the United States. WAE had

10032-452: The water, rather than over the densely populated areas surrounding Newark Airport. The airport remained closed in Newark until November 1952, with new flight patterns that took planes away from Elizabeth. L-1049 Constellations and DC-7s appeared between 1951 and 1953 and did not use LaGuardia for their first several years, bringing more traffic to Idlewild. The April 1957 Airline Guide cites

10146-430: Was able to remain profitable during this time because of its good route positioning and the relatively low costs of adapting its operations. In 1983, Trans World Corporation spun off the airline. In 1985, TWA's board agreed to sell the airline to Frank Lorenzo 's Texas Air Corporation . Due to Texas Air's ownership of non-union carriers Continental Airlines and New York Air , as well as Lorenzo's reputation of being

10260-522: Was acquired by American Airlines in 2001. It was formed as Transcontinental & Western Air to operate a route from New York City to Los Angeles via St. Louis, Kansas City, and other stops, with Ford Trimotors . With American , United , and Eastern , it was one of the " Big Four " domestic airlines in the United States formed by the Spoils Conference of 1930. Howard Hughes acquired control of TWA in 1939, and after World War II led

10374-477: Was built to relieve LaGuardia Field , which had become overcrowded after its 1939 opening. In late 1941, mayor Fiorello La Guardia announced that the city had tentatively chosen a large area of marshland on Jamaica Bay , which included the Idlewild Golf Course as well as a summer hotel and a landing strip called the Jamaica Sea-Airport, for a new airfield. Title to the land was conveyed to

10488-494: Was commonly known as Idlewild Airport . Following the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963, the airport was renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport as a tribute to the 35th President of the United States. John F. Kennedy International Airport was originally called Idlewild Airport ( IATA : IDL , ICAO : KIDL , FAA LID : IDL ) after the Idlewild Beach Golf Course that it displaced. It

10602-465: Was contracted to transport American currency that had been exchanged in Southeast Asia for deposit in the United States. Their aircraft regularly delivered three or four $ 60,000 packages at a time. Hill and associates obtained a key to a cement block strong room where the money was stored. They entered the unsecured cargo terminal and entered the strong room unchallenged. They took seven bags in

10716-435: Was demolished in 1995 and replaced with the current Terminal 1. American Airlines opened Terminal 8 in February 1960. It was designed by Kahn and Jacobs and had a 317-foot (97 m) stained-glass facade designed by Robert Sowers, the largest stained-glass installation in the world until 1979. The facade was removed in 2007 as the terminal was demolished to make room for the new Terminal 8; American cited

10830-537: Was demolished in 2023. National Airlines opened the Sundrome (later Terminal 6) in 1969. The terminal was designed by I.M.Pei . It was unique for its use of all-glass mullions dividing the window sections, unprecedented at the time. On October 30, 2000, United Airlines and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey announced plans to redevelop this terminal and the TWA Flight Center as

10944-463: Was designed by William Nicholas Bodouva + Associates. It and Terminal 4 are the two terminals at JFK Airport with the capability of handling the Airbus A380 aircraft, which Korean Air flies on the route from Seoul–Incheon and Lufthansa from Munich . Air France operated Concorde here until 2003. Terminal 1 has 11 gates. Terminal 4, developed by LCOR, Inc., is managed by JFKIAT (IAT) LLC,

11058-401: Was even considered a European hub by TWA), and Frankfurt —for travel to the United States. In 1989, TWA decided to replace its fleet of Boeing 727 Series 100 aircraft with the former Ozark Airlines DC-9s . This decision was based on the economics of operating three-crew airplanes (727s) with three engines, versus operating two-crew airplanes (DC-9s) with two engines. Both airplanes had about

11172-437: Was eventually increased to 53 planes, and they remained operational until 1961. On May 17, 1950, the airline officially changed its name to Trans World Airlines. On December 5, 1950, TWA ordered 10 Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellations , which were delivered in 1952. On October 19, 1953, TWA offered nonstop transcontinental service. TWA's flight operations were based at Kansas City Municipal Airport , while their overhaul base

11286-404: Was expanded in 1969 to accommodate jumbo jets , went dormant in 2001, and underwent renovation and expansion beginning in 2005. A new terminal with a crescent-shaped entry hall and now serving JetBlue opened in 2008—partially encircling the landmark. The headhouse was renovated by Morse Development along with MCR and turned into the TWA Hotel which opened on May 15, 2019. Kansas City approved

11400-582: Was expanded in 1970 to accommodate jetways. However, by the 1990s the overcrowded building was showing its age and it did not provide adequate space for security checkpoints. It was demolished in 2000 and replaced with Terminal 4. United Airlines and Delta Air Lines opened Terminal 7 (later renumbered Terminal 9), a SOM design similar to the IAB, in October 1959. It was demolished in 2008. Eastern Air Lines opened their Chester L. Churchill-designed Terminal 1 in November 1959. The terminal

11514-402: Was for three airlines, and one was for international arrivals (National Airlines and British Airways arrived later). In addition, there would be an 11-story control tower, roadways, parking lots, taxiways, and a reflecting lagoon in the center. The airport was designed for aircraft up to 300,000-pound (140,000 kg) gross weight The airport had to be modified in the late 1960s to accommodate

11628-630: Was headquartered at one time in Kansas City, Missouri , and planned to make Kansas City International Airport its main domestic and international hub, but abandoned this plan in the 1970s. The airline later developed its largest hub at St. Louis Lambert International Airport . Its main transatlantic hub was the TWA Flight Center at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City , an architectural icon designed by Eero Saarinen , and completed in 1962. In January 2001, TWA filed for

11742-551: Was initiated by the Senior Vice President, of Marketing, Thomas B. McFadden, in collaboration with the Bureau of International Commerce, important U.S. financial institutions, and export expansion entities to offer tools that small and medium-sized U.S. companies could use at low or no cost to expand their exports. Staff management of this program was under the direction of Joseph S. Cooper. A key element of this program

11856-629: Was located at Fairfax Airport . When the Great Flood of 1951 destroyed the facility, the city of Kansas City helped TWA build a new facility on 5000 acres, 18 miles (29 km) north of downtown at what became Kansas City International Airport . On July 10, 1953, TWA ordered 20 Lockheed 1049Es , which was later changed to be 1049Gs. They were put in service on April 1, 1955. On September 25, TWA introduced multiple class services, first and economy. On October 30, they inaugurated their Los Angeles-London route, via New York. On December 23, 1954,

11970-673: Was located on the site of present-day Terminal 1. Terminal 1 is served by SkyTeam carriers Air France , China Eastern Airlines , ITA Airways , Korean Air , Saudia , and Scandinavian Airlines ; Star Alliance carriers Air China , Air New Zealand , Asiana Airlines , Austrian Airlines , Brussels Airlines , Egyptair , EVA Air , Lufthansa , Swiss International Air Lines , TAP Air Portugal , and Turkish Airlines ; and Oneworld carrier Royal Air Maroc . Other airlines serving Terminal 1 include Air Serbia , Azores Airlines , Cayman Airways , Flair Airlines , Neos , Philippine Airlines , VivaAerobús , and Volaris . Terminal 1

12084-467: Was made that Chautauqua, the last airline operating under the brand, would not seek renewal of its AmericanConnection contract and all flying would end by August 19, 2014. AmericanConnection Flight 5329 from White Plains to Chicago–O'Hare was the final flight. Trans World Airlines Trans World Airlines ( TWA ) was a major airline in the United States that operated from 1930 until it

12198-456: Was on July 1, 1948, with the opening ceremony attended by U.S. President Harry S. Truman and Governor of New York Thomas E. Dewey , who were both running for president in that year's presidential election . The Port Authority cancelled foreign airlines' permits to use LaGuardia, forcing them to move to Idlewild during the next couple of years. Idlewild at the time had a single 79,280-square-foot (7,365 m ) terminal building; by 1949,

12312-436: Was one of the first airline terminals in the world to feature jetways that connected to the terminal and that could be moved to provide an easy walkway for passengers from the terminal to a docked aircraft. Jetways replaced the need to have to board the plane outside via airstairs that descend from an aircraft, truck-mounted mobile stairs, or wheeled stairs. The Worldport was demolished in 2013. Trans World Airlines opened

12426-471: Was pressurized at 12,000 feet, enabling it to fly at an altitude of 20,000 feet, above much of the weather. TWA contracted its five Stratoliners to the Army Air Force 's Air Transport Command after Pearl Harbor. Designated as C-75s, they flew 3000 transatlantic flights to Africa and Europe. TWA also contracted to fly its C-54s and Lockheed C-69 Constellations . Hughes and TWA had developed

12540-411: Was raised to fund a 45-jet fleet. The deal was signed on December 30, 1960 by Hughes' lawyer Raymond Holliday, who constituted one member of a three-person voting trust, with the other two members, Ernest R. Breech and Irving S. Olds , represented the financing institutions. On June 30, 1961, TWA filed a federal suit against Hughes, Hughes Tool Co., and Raymond Holliday. Then on April 18, 1962, TWA filed

12654-603: Was regrettable. However, the airline was in a state of desperation for immediate liquidity. TWA was experiencing financial losses on its trans-Pacific route . In a significant milestone, TWA's network expanded globally for the first time in its corporate history. However, this achievement would be short-lived as subsequent events led to its eventual termination. In 1975, Trans World Airlines was headquartered in Turtle Bay , in Midtown Manhattan . The uniforms for

12768-481: Was the MarketAir Newsletter in a number of languages targeted to American exporters and international travellers. In 1964, TWA opened its New York office. TWA was one of the first airlines, after Delta Air Lines , to embrace the spoke-hub distribution paradigm and was one of the first with the Boeing 747 . It planned to use the 747 along with the supersonic transport to fly people between

12882-563: Was the first U.S. airport to receive a commercial Airbus A350 flight when Qatar Airways began using the aircraft on one of its New York– Doha routes. The airport currently hosts the world's longest flight , Singapore Airlines Flights 23 and 24 (SQ23 and SQ24). The route was launched in 2020 between Singapore and New York JFK, and uses the Airbus A350 -900ULR. The Air France robbery took place in April 1967 when associates of

12996-571: Was used until 1990 by general aviation , STOL , and smaller commuter flights. The Avro Jetliner was the first jet airliner to land at Idlewild on April 16, 1950. A Sud Aviation Caravelle prototype was the next jet airliner to land at Idlewild, on May 2, 1957. Later in 1957, the USSR sought approval for two jet-powered Tupolev Tu-104 flights carrying diplomats to Idlewild; the Port Authority did not allow them, saying noise tests had to be done first. (The Caravelle had been tested at Paris.) In 1951,

#494505