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66-597: It is built around the tomb of Abu Hanifah an-Nu'man , the founder of the Hanafi Madhhab or school of Islamic religious jurisprudence. It is in the al-Adhamiyah district of northern Baghdad, which is named after Abu Hanifa's reverential epithet Al-imām al-aʿẓam ("The Great Leader"). American troops damaged it on April 11, 2003: its clock tower was hit by a rocket. Caliph Abu Ja'far al-Mansur offered Abu Hanifa to be Qadi al-qudat , chief judge, but he refused, which caused him being tortured and put in prison. He

132-645: A malban for the shrine, built a dome, created a school for teaching Abu Hanifa's lectures and brought scholars to teach in it. After the invasion of Baghdad by the Safavid dynasty in 1508, Abu Hanifa mosque and school were destroyed and abolished, due to sectarian conflicts that the Safavids had. The Ottomans invaded Baghdad in 1534 and replaced the Shi'ite Safavid with the Sunni Ottoman rule. Sultan Suleiman

198-551: A committee that consisted of three employees in the mosque and the mayor of Adhamiyah. The cost of reconstructing the mosque was 80,000 liras . The committee made a construction map and gave it to the most popular engineer in Baghdad, Asit Karz, the map contained two hallways, several rooms from the south, east and north, a garden, a chapel, a big courtyard and a school for teaching Quran . The reconstructing lasted for five years. In 1910, Sultan Abdul Hamid II ordered to reconstruct

264-596: A daughter with such name. Historians generally agree Abu Hanifa was born in Kufa during the period of the Umayyad Caliphate , but they differ regarding the year: 699 CE / 80 AH, 696 CE / 77 AH, 689 CE / 70 AH, or 680 CE / 61 AH. Many historians choose the latest date, 699 CE / 80 AH; however, Muhammad Zahid al-Kawthari , adjunct to the office of the last Elder of Islam of the Ottoman Empire , believed

330-436: A half to build the school (from January 8, 1067 to May 15, 1067). The Amir [Abu Saad al-Khwarizmi] wanted to go back to the palace of the sultan, Alp Arslan. He went on Jamadi al-Akhira 27, 459 AH (May 15, 1067 CE). During his time in Baghdad, he built a great high dome on Abu Hanifa's tomb, and spent a lot of money on it. He built a malban and made it high, just like the shrines of the family of Ali ibn Abu Talib . He built

396-486: A hallway for it and a nave, making it a big mosque. He built a school for the followers of Abu Hanifa and brought teachers for them and gave them much money to spend. He did a good job in that matter. While Khadija Arslan-Khatun, the sister of Sultan Alp Arslan , was visiting Baghdad in Jamadi al-Oula 459 AH, Abu Saad al-Mustawfi went there to welcome her. During his days in Baghdad, he built a shrine for Imam Abu Hanifa, made

462-645: A part of Islamic law. As the fourth Caliph, Ali had transferred the Islamic capital to Kufa , and many of the first generation of Muslims had settled there. The Hanafi school of law based many of its rulings on the prophetic tradition as transmitted by those first generation Muslims residing in Iraq. Thus, the Hanafi school came to be known as the Kufan or Iraqi school. Ali and Abdullah, son of Masud helped form much of

528-471: A person more knowledgeable, as quick a thinker, or more eloquent than he was." Imam Abu Hanifa was quoted as saying that Jahm ibn Safwan (d. 128/745) went so far in his denial of anthropomorphism (Tashbih) as to declare that 'God is not something (Allah laysa bi shay')'. Muqatil ibn Sulayman (d. 150/767), likened God to His creatures. Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi narrated in his Tarikh Baghdad (History of Baghdad) that Imam Abu Hanifa said: Two groups of

594-609: A slave in Kufa, where he was purchased and freed by an Arab tribesman of the Taym Allah , a branch of the Banu Bakr . Zuta and his progeny thereafter would have become clients of the Taym Allah, hence the sporadic references to Abu Hanifa as "al-Taymi". According to his grandson Isma'il, however, his lineage went back to free Persians who had never been held as slaves. He called Abu Hanifa's great-grandfather "Marzuban", which

660-540: A square fortress around the mosque and a watchtower. The fortress was armed with 150 soldiers with different military equipment. In 1638, the Ottomans re-invaded Baghdad , after it was recaptured by the Safavids in 1623 . Sultan Murad IV turned to Adhamiyah and particularly, Abu Hanifa mosque, because it was the shrine of the Imam of the sultan's madhab . A luxurious dome was built on the mosque. He also brought some of

726-569: Is an Arabicized form of the Sasanian military office of marzban , held by governors of the frontier provinces of the Sasanian realm. There is scant biographical information about Abu Hanifa. It is generally known that he worked a producer and seller of khazz , a type of silk clothing material. He attended lectures on jurisprudence conducted by the Kufan scholar Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman (d. 737). He also possibly learnt jurisprudence ( fiqh ) from

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792-614: Is considered he only took his religious studies seriously after then. If Abu Hanifa was born in 80 AH, Abu Hanifa would have been 16 at the time of al-Nakhai's death. Abu Hanifa is thought to be of Persian ancestry. However, he has also been stated to have descended from the Zutt , Jats who migrated into Iraq during the Islamic Golden Age . His grandfather, Zuta, may have been captured by Muslim troops in Kabul and sold as

858-557: Is disputed. According to some linguists , including Muhyi al-Din, ḥanīfa refers to "inkpot" in Abu Hanifa's dialect . He was often seen with one, thus earning his name this way. According to this interpretation, his name literally means the "Father of the Inkpot". However, some historians contest he earned it as he had a daughter named Hanifa. His name would then mean the "Father of Hanifa". The opposing side believes he never had

924-408: Is doubly correct. How can you appoint a liar to the exalted post of a qadi ?" Incensed by this reply, al-Mansur had Abu Hanifa arrested, locked in prison and tortured. It was said that once in prison he was never fed nor cared for. Even in prison, the jurist continued to teach those who were permitted to visit him. On 15 Rajab 150, (15 August 767 ) Abu Hanifa died in prison. The cause of his death

990-437: Is not clear, as it was said by some that Abu Hanifa issued a legal opinion for bearing arms against al-Mansur, so al-Mansur had him poisoned. His fellow prisoner and founder of Karaite Judaism , Anan ben David , was said to have received life-saving counsel from Abu Hanifa. It was said that so many people attended his funeral that the funeral service was repeated six times for the more than 50,000 people who had massed before he

1056-622: The 1958 Revolution , loads of upgrades were done on the mosque. The government gave the construction money to the engineer, Najmuddin Abdullah al-Jumaili. He started working in Ramadan 1379 AH / February 1960 CE with the construction lasting for five years. These upgrades included: On April 10, 2003, during the Battle of Baghdad (2003) , a four hours fight went on between the American forces and

1122-535: The Abbasid caliph offered Abu Hanifa the post of qadi al-qudat ( chief judge of the state ), but he declined the offer, choosing to remain independent. His student Abu Yusuf was later appointed to the post by Caliph Harun al-Rashid . In his reply to al-Mansur, Abu Hanifa said that he was not fit for the post. Al-Mansur, who had his own ideas and reasons for offering the post accused Abu Hanifa of lying. "If I am lying," Abu Hanifa responded, "then my statement

1188-542: The Mamluk dynasty in Iraq , the Vali of Baghdad, Suleiman Abu Layla, renewed the shrine and built a dome and a minaret. In 1217 AH / 1802 CE, some of the mosque's constructions almost fell down, causing the destruction of some parts of the mosque, but Suleiman Pasha, rectified the matter and reconstructed the old buildings and painted the top of the minaret with gold. In 1255 AH / 1839 CE, Sultan Abdülmecid I ordered to reconstruct

1254-692: The Safavid Empire in 1508. In 1533, the Ottomans conquered Baghdad and rebuilt the tombs of Abu Hanifa and Abdul Qadir, as well as other Sunni sites. The sources from which Abu Hanifa derived Islamic law, in order of importance and preference, were: the Qur'an , the authentic narrations of the Muslim prophet Muhammad (known as hadith ), consensus of the Muslim community ( ijma' ), analogical reasoning ( qiyas ), juristic discretion ( istihsan ) and

1320-680: The Seljuk Emperor Alp Arslan , Abu Saad al-Khwarizmi or al-Mustawfi, built a shrine for Abu Hanifa in the mosque, along with a white Dome . Al-Khwarizmi also built a school near the mosque, named the Great Imam School, for teaching the Hanafi madhab . According to Ibn Khallikan , the school was opened on September 22, 1067, therefore, the Great Imam school is the first school in Baghdad. It took four months and

1386-545: The abolition of the Caliphate in 1924, the official Ottoman office of Shaykh al-Islām, already in decline, was eliminated. Modern times have seen the role of chief mufti carried out by grand muftis appointed or elected in a variety of ways. Like other honorific titles starting with the word sheikh , the term shaykh al-islam was in the classical era reserved for ulama and mystics. It first appeared in Khurasan in

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1452-433: The al-Ubaid tribe to live in houses around the mosque to protect it. The sultan ordered to renew the school and appointed employees to manage the school, along with allowing celebrations and holidays in the school. With the administration of Shaykh al-Islām Yahia, the sultan ordered to rebuild the buildings around the mosque and decorate it with strips of gold and silver, decorate the mosque with green wool drapes and expand

1518-639: The 4th century AH (10th century AD). In major cities of Khurasan it seems to have had more specific connotations, since only one person held the title at any given time and place. Holders of the title in Khurasan were among the most influential ulama, but there is no evidence that they delivered fatwas . Under the Ilkhans , the Delhi Sultanate and the Timurids the title was conferred, often by

1584-464: The Iraqi forces that were positioned inside the mosque. Parts of the domes, clock tower and the halls were destroyed. People that lived near the mosque cleaned the mosque from shattered glass and battle effects, along with protecting the mosque from those who stole most of Baghdad. The Sunni endowment, with the corporation of several companies and families, rebuilt the destroyed parts of the mosque, until it

1650-467: The Magnificent first visited, after invading Iraq, Najaf and Karbala . And then, he visited the abolished mosque of Abu Hanifa and ordered to rebuild it and recover all the damages. Along with recovering the mosque, they also added new features to it, like a minaret, a hall, a bathroom, from 50 to 140 shops and the dome that they rebuilt was a dome that was never seen like it before. They also built

1716-489: The Meccan scholar Ata ibn Abi Rabah (d. c.  733 ) while on pilgrimage . When Hammad died, Abu Hanifa succeeded him as the principal authority on Islamic law in Kufa and the chief representative of the Kufan school of jurisprudence. Abu Hanifa gradually gained influence as an authority on legal questions, founding a moderate rationalist school of Islamic jurisprudence that was named after him. In 763, al-Mansur ,

1782-588: The Sunni Islamic world from the 14th to the 20th centuries, the Grand Mufti was given the title Sheikh ul-islam ( Ottoman Turkish : Şeyḫülislām ). The Ottomans had a strict hierarchy of ulama , with the Sheikh ul-Islam holding the highest rank. A Sheikh ul-Islam was chosen by a royal warrant amongst the qadis of important cities. The Sheikh ul-Islam had the power to confirm new sultans . However, once

1848-409: The accusations against him, stating, “ There is no doubt regarding Imam Abu Hanifa's knowledge. People later attributed many lies to Imam Abu Hanifa, which were all untrue. The aim of such writings was to taint Imam Abu Hanifa ” His students, Ibn Kathir and al-Dhahabi , held similar opinions about Abu Hanifa, extensively rebuking accusations against him and praising his contributions. He received

1914-405: The base of the school, as well as other personalities from the direct relatives (or ahl al-bayt ) of Muḥammad from whom Abu Hanifa had studied such as Muhammad al-Baqir . Many jurists and historians had reportedly lived in Kufa, including one of Abu Hanifa's main teachers, Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman. He was highly regarded across the various fields of sacred knowledge and significantly influenced

1980-501: The best of people in appearance, most eloquent in speech, sweetest in tone, and clearest in expressing his thoughts." His son Hammad described him as "very handsome, dark-skinned, having good posture, wearing much cologne, tall, not speaking except in reply to someone else, and not involving himself in what did not concern him." Ibn al-Mubarak remarked he "never saw a man more revered in gatherings, nor better in character and forbearance, than Abu Hanifa." As with Malik ibn Anas (who

2046-451: The case of Ibn Taymiyyah , the use of the title was subject to controversy. In the Ottoman Empire , starting from the early modern era, the title came to designate the chief mufti, who oversaw a hierarchy of state-appointed ulama. The Ottoman Sheikh al-Islam (French spelling: cheikh-ul-islam ) performed a number of functions, including advising the sultan on religious matters, legitimizing government policies, and appointing judges. With

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2112-422: The central and western lands of Islam, the term became associated with giving of fatwas. Ibn Taymiyya was given the title by his supporters but his adversaries contested this use. For example, the Hanafi scholar 'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari issued a fatwa stating that anyone who called Ibn Taymiyya "Shaykh al-islam" had committed disbelief ( kufr ). However, Shafiite scholar Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani defended

2178-405: The clock and got the first place for it. It stayed in the gardens of the exhibition until February 1933, where the directorate accepted the clock but didn't hang it because there was no tower. It stayed for 26 years in the directorate's stocks until 1961, where the tower was built and the clock was hanged. In 1973, the clock tower was covered with golden aluminum sheets. Located under the main dome,

2244-445: The customs of the local population enacting Muslim laws (' urf ). The development of analogical reason and the scope and boundaries by which it may be used was recognized by the majority of Muslim jurists, but its establishment as a legal tool was the result of the Hanafi school. While it was likely used by some of his teachers, Abu Hanifa is regarded by modern scholarship as the first to formally adopt and institute analogical reason as

2310-422: The date of 689 CE / 70 AH is supported by two considerations. First, Muhammad ibn Makhlad al-Attar considered the narration of Abu Hanifa's son, Hammad, from Malik ibn Anas to be an example of an older man's narration rather than a younger man. Second, Abu Hanifa was concerned with who should succeed Ibrahim al-Nakha'i after his death in 96 AH. This concern would have only arisen if he was older than 19, since it

2376-501: The development of Muslim theology. During his lifetime, he was acknowledged as a jurist of the highest calibre. The Shafi'i and prominent hadith scholar, Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani , stated that criticism of Abu Hanifa holds no significance, as figures like Abu Hanifa are " on a degree to which Allah - the Exalted - has raised them, in that they are followed and imitated. " Ibn Taymiyya credited Abu Hanifa for his knowledge and addressed

2442-466: The doors and pillars. The walls are also covered with Jordanian marble, three meters above the ground. The main hall contained two niches covered with geometric motifs with four pillars built around them, decorated with gorgeous trappings and writings of Al-Baqara . The mosque had two hallways that surround the main hall, one from the east and another from the north, with an area of 800 square metres (8,600 sq ft) each. 26 domes are built on top of

2508-525: The first chief justice in the Muslim world, and Imām Muhammad al-Shaybani , who was the teacher of the Shafi‘i school of jurisprudence founder, Imām Al-Shafi‘i . His other students included Abdullah ibn Mubarak and Fudhayl bin Iyaadh Al-Nadr ibn Muhammad recalled Abu Hanifa had "a beautiful face, beautiful clothing, and fragrant scent." His student Abu Yusuf described him as "well-formed, from

2574-506: The generation after the sahaba , who were the companions of the Islamic prophet , Muhammad . This is based on reports that he met at least four sahaba including Anas ibn Malik , with some even reporting that he transmitted hadith from him and other companions of Muhammad. Others take the view that Abu Hanifa only saw around half a dozen companions, possibly at a young age, and did not directly narrate hadith from them. Abu Hanifa

2640-428: The hallways, based on 12 pillars. Between every one of them 4.5 metres (15 ft). There are three doors for the hallways, one from the side of the residential area and two from the side of the markets. In 1919, the big double-faced clock was given by the mosque of Abdul-Qadir Gilani to the Abu Hanifa mosque to fix it and place it in the mosque, but it was old and most of it was damaged. Abu Hanifa mosque published in

2706-483: The honorific title al-Imam al-A'zam ("the highly venerated Imām") and his tomb, surmounted by a dome erected by admirers in 1066 is still a shrine for pilgrims. It was restored in 1535 by Suleiman the Magnificent after the Ottoman conquest of Baghdad. Abu Hanifa also had his critics. He was perceived by al-Shafi'i , Ibn Abi Shaybah , Muhammad al-Bukhari and Ibn Sa'd and to be a heretic and in opposition to

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2772-640: The instructions of Muhammad, and al-Bukhari's teacher, al-Humaydi , was one of the first to pen a refutation of his Abu Hanifa's thought. The Zahiri scholar Ibn Hazm quoted Sufyan ibn `Uyaynah : "The affairs of men were in harmony until they were changed by Abù Hanìfa in Kùfa, al-Batti in Basra and Màlik in Medina". Early Muslim jurist Hammad ibn Salamah once related a story about a highway robber who posed as an old man to hide his identity; he then remarked that were

2838-403: The mosque, renew the wall and build more rooms for students and poor people. These renovations costed 2,300 liras . There were several other reconstructions over the years. The most important ones were in 1918 and 1935, where the old rooms were replaced with bigger new rooms, and 1948, where they renewed the flooring and verses of Al-Fath was written on the walls of the hallways. In 1959, after

2904-418: The mosque. The main hall is a great rectangular hall with an area of 578 square metres (6,220 sq ft). It consists of eight marble pillars with a large dome on top of them with iron chains hanging from them to hold the chandeliers, with three other domes built around it on three rectangular pillars made of stone and plaster. The dome of the main hall is decorated with small accurate trappings, just like

2970-659: The most widely practiced to this day. His school predominates in Central and South Asia , Turkey , the Balkans , Russia , and some parts of the Arab world . Born to a Muslim family in Kufa , Abu Hanifa traveled to the Hejaz region of Arabia in his youth, where he studied in the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina . He was named by al-Dhahabi as "one of the geniuses of

3036-679: The names of Muslims of the first generation from whom it was reported that the Abu Hanifa had transmitted hadith. He counted 16 of them, including Anas ibn Malik , Jabir ibn Abd-Allah and Sahl ibn Sa'd . Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Mizzi listed 97 hadith scholars who were his students. Most of them went on to be hadith scholars, and their narrated hadiths were compiled in the Sahih al-Bukhari , Sahih Muslim and other books of hadith. Imām Badr al-Din al-Ayni included another 260 students who studied hadith and fiqh with Abu Hanifa. His most famous students were Imām Abu Yusuf , who served as

3102-498: The newspapers, on February 17, 1921, the need of a specialist to help fixing the clock, but no one responded. On March 17, 1921, Abdul Razzaq Mahsoob promised to check it and, if possible, fix it. After examining it, he found it very damaged and incapable to function, so he requested making another clock that looks like the old one from the Directorate of Religious Endowments. They accepted the request on March 24. On March 25, 1925,

3168-427: The old damaged parts of the mosque and decorate it with a tunic from Al-Masjid an-Nabawi , which was welcomed with superior greetings by the residents of Baghdad because of its holiness. In 1288 AH / 1871 CE, the mother of Abdülaziz , Pertevniyal Sultan , vowed when she was sick, that if she got healed, she will rebuild the mosque with her own money, which she did after she got better. Sultan Abdulaziz ordered to form

3234-399: The robber still alive he would be a follower of Abu Hanifa. Today, the Hanafi school is followed by 45% of Muslims and Abu Hanifa is popularly known amongst Sunni Muslims as a man of the highest personal qualities: a performer of good works, remarkable for his self-denial, humble spirit, devotion and pious awe of God. Abu Hanifa is regarded by some authorities as one of the tabi‘un ,

3300-579: The ruler, to high-ranking ulama who performed various functions but were not generally muftis. In the Kashmiri Sultanate , it was implemented during the reign of Sultan Sikandar . He established the office of the Shaikhu'l-Islam under the influence of Sayyid Muhammad Hamadan , who had come to Kashmir in 1393 AD. In Syria and Egypt , it was given to influential jurists and had an honorific rather than an official role. By 700 AH/1300 AD in

3366-732: The same time as the Ottoman Caliphate . After the National Assembly of Turkey was established in 1920, the office of Sheikh ul-Islam was placed in the Shar’iyya wa Awqaf Ministry. In 1924, the office of Sheikh ul-Islam was abolished along with the Caliphate . The office was replaced by the Presidency of Religious Affairs . As the successor entity to the office of the Sheikh ul-Islam, the Presidency of Religious Affairs

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3432-619: The sons of Adam " who "combined jurisprudence, worship, scrupulousness, and generosity". As his career as a jurist and theologian progressed, he became known for favoring the use of reason in his jurisprudential rulings, and even in his theology. His school grew after his death, and the majority of its followers would also eventually come to follow the Maturidi school of theology. He left behind two major students, Abu Yusuf and Muhammad al-Shaybani , who would later become celebrated jurists in their own right. How Abu Hanifa earned his name

3498-568: The sultan was affirmed, the sultan retained a higher authority than the Sheik ul-Islam. The Sheikh ul-Islam issued fatwas , which were written interpretations of the Quran that had authority over the community. The Sheikh ul-Islam represented the Sacred Law of Shariah and in the 16th century its importance rose which led to increased power. The office of Sheikh ul-islam was abolished in 1924, at

3564-551: The title of Shaykh al Islam for Ibn Taymiyyah, saying in his own words, " His status as imam, sheikh, Taqiyuddin Ibn Taimiyah, is brighter than the sun. And his title with Shaykhul Islam, we still often hear from holy orals until now, and will continue to survive tomorrow..", which was recorded by his student al Sakhawi . The Hanbalite madhhab scholar and follower of Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (himself also given Shaykh al Islam title by his contemporary) defended

3630-401: The tomb chamber is a wide room. Abu Hanifa is buried in the middle of the room, his grave covered by a wooden Zarih with metal bars. Abu Hanifa Abu Hanifa ( Arabic : أَبُو حَنِيفَة , romanized :  Abū Ḥanīfa ; September 699–767) was a Muslim scholar , jurist , theologian , ascetic , and eponym of the Hanafi school of Sunni jurisprudence , which remains

3696-402: The upper and lower gates. The mosque became at its greatest during the period of the rule of Sultan Murad IV. In 1080 AH / 1669 CE, the brother of the vizier, Mohammed Bek Daftary, reconstructed old parts of the mosque and built a hallway in it. In 1090 AH / 1689 CE, Omar Pasha reconstructed the mosque and made its garden one of the most wonderful gardens in Baghdad. In 1757, during the rule of

3762-545: The usage of the title for him. Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim are both known for contradicting the views of the majority of scholars of all four schools of thought (Hanafi, Shafi'i, Maliki , and Hanbali) of their time in Damascus and of later periods. There is disagreement on whether the title was honorific or represented a local mufti in Seljuq and early Ottoman Anatolia. In the Ottoman Empire , which controlled much of

3828-478: The work started on the clock in Mahsoob's house, where he made a four-faced clock with the help of his sons, Mohammed Rasheed and Abdul Hadi. It was completed on December 28, 1929, where Mahsoob gave it to the Directorate of Religious Endowments, but they did not take it, because they weren't sure of it. He hanged it on a high wall in house until October 10, 1932, where an exhibition was opened, where Mahsoob displayed

3894-620: The worst of people are from Khurasan : the Jahmiyyah (followers of Jahm ibn Safwan ) and the Mushabbihah (antropomorphists), and he probably said (instead of Mushabbihah) "Muqatiliyyah" (followers of Muqatil ibn Sulayman ). Shaykh al-Isl%C4%81m Shaykh al-Islām ( Arabic : شيخ الإسلام , romanized :  Šayḫ al-Islām ; Persian : شِیخُ‌الاسلام , Sheykh-ol-Eslām ; Urdu : شِیخُ‌الاسلام , Sheikh -ul-Islām ; Ottoman Turkish : شیخ‌ الاسلام , Turkish : Şeyhülislam )

3960-621: Was a teacher of Imam al-Shafi'i , who in turn was a teacher of Sunni Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal ), Imam Abu Hanifa was a student of Ja'far al-Sadiq , who was a descendant of the Islamic nabi ( prophet ) Muhammad . Thus all of the four great Imams of Sunni fiqh are connected to Ja'far from the bayt (household) of Muhammad, whether directly or indirectly. In one hadith , Abu Hanifa once said about Imam Ja'far: "I have not seen anyone with more knowledge than Ja'far ibn Muhammad." However, in another hadith, Abu Hanifa said: "I met with Zayd (Ja'far's uncle) and I never saw in his generation

4026-546: Was actually buried. The historian al-Khatib said that for a full 20 days people performed funeral prayers for him. Many years later, the Abu Hanifa Mosque was built in the Adhamiyah neighbourhood of Baghdad . Abu Hanifa also supported the cause of Zayd ibn Ali and Ibrahim al Qamar, both Alid Zaydi Imams. The structures of the tombs of Abu Hanifa and Abdul Qadir Gilani were destroyed by Shah Ismail of

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4092-481: Was born at least 60 years after the death of Muhammad, but during the time of the first generation of Muslims, some of whom lived on until Abu Hanifa's youth. Anas ibn Malik, Muhammad's personal attendant, died in 93 AH and another companion, Abul Tufail Amir bin Wathilah, died in 100 AH, when Abu Hanifa was at least 20 years old. The author of al-Khairat al-Hisan collected information from books of biographies and cited

4158-423: Was fully recovered in 2004. Later, in 2006, missiles were fired by a Katyusha rocket launcher and fell in the mosque's courtyard without any damages done to the mosque. The total area of the mosque is 10,000 square metres (110,000 sq ft) and it can accommodate 5,000 worshipers. On Friday prayers, the regular number of worshipers is 1,000, while on the regular everyday prayers, 200-250 worshipers come to

4224-435: Was lashed 110 lashes until he agreed. Al-Mansur ordered Abu Hanifa to make fatwas that expand the caliph's authority, which Abu Hanifa disagreed to do, leading him back to prison. While he was in prison, Abu Hanifa died in 150 AH / 767 CE in Baghdad, either from being poisoned or from old age. He was buried in al-Khayzuran Cemetery, named after al-Khayzuran bint Atta that was buried in it, 23 years after Abu Hanifa was. It

4290-584: Was said that his funeral was attended by 50,000 people, and was attended by al-Mansur himself. During the Buwayhid rule of the Abbasid Caliphate , in 375 AH / 985–986 CE, a medium-sized mosque was built near Abu Hanifa's tomb, by the orders of Samsam al-Dawla . It was said that Abu Jaafar al-Zammam built a hall inside of the mosque in 379 AH. Later, in 459 AH / 1066 CE, the Grand Vizier of

4356-459: Was used in the classical era as an honorific title for outstanding scholars of the Islamic sciences. It first emerged in Khurasan towards the end of the 4th Islamic century. In the central and western lands of Islam, it was an informal title given to jurists whose fatwas were particularly influential, while in the east it came to be conferred by rulers to ulama who played various official roles but were not generally muftis . Sometimes, as in

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