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72-584: The Mohamed Abokor are one of the largest sub-divisions of the muuse sh isxaaq. They inhabit the Togdheer and Sahil regions of Somaliland , in addition to the Somali Region of Ethiopia and Isiolo , Kenya , where they form part of the Isahakia community. Notable subclans include Aden Madoba, Yeesif, Rer Dahir, Solomadow and Ahmed Farah . Members of the subclan are descendants of Mohamed Abokor,

144-529: A Somali religious leader belonging to the Yeesif sub-division. On 2 July, Sheikh Bashir collected 25 of his followers in the town of Wadamago and transported them on a lorry to the vicinity of Burao , where he distributed arms to half of his followers. On the evening of 3 July the group entered Burao and opened fire on the police guard of the central prison in the city, which was filled with prisoners arrested for previous demonstrations. The group also attacked

216-527: A Somali religious leader belonging to the Yeesif sub-division. On 2 July, Sheikh Bashir collected 25 of his followers in the town of Wadamago and transported them on a lorry to the vicinity of Burao , where he distributed arms to half of his followers. On the evening of 3 July the group entered Burao and opened fire on the police guard of the central prison in the city, which was filled with prisoners arrested for previous demonstrations. The group also attacked

288-477: A Yeesif counterattack, decided one last attack on the Yeesif would finally win them this long war and allow them to conquer Karin. The Adan Madoba assembled hundreds of horsemen led by Mohamed Ismail (nicknamed Qaaje Guray ) for one final offensive on the Yeesif still in Karin. Days before the attack Qaaje Gurey presented his tribesmen three options; to either attack Karin, a majority Yeesif town but also inhabited by

360-538: A Yeesif tribal soldier came upon a man of the Adan Madoba named Halil who was captured by Yeesif tribesmen. Dirir recited this poem before killing him; Haliiloow geddoontaye haddaad aakhiro u guurto Waxba hays galluubine ragbaad garabsanaysaaye Haddaad guurtidii Yeesif iyo odayadii gaadho Karin gubay annana goosannoo nala gumaadyeey dheh Gadabuursi iyo baa na helay gacan Ogaadeen dheh Sidii gaaladii bay warmaa nagu garaaceen dheh O Halil, when you move to

432-472: A branch of the Haber el Jahleh, at present hold possession of Kurrum, and between them and the tribes to windward there exists a most bitter and irreconcilable feud, the consequence of sundry murders perpetrated about five years since at Kurrum, and which hitherto have not been avenged. With the conflict still raging, in 1871 the Adan Madoba, on the verge of turning the Yeesif to extinct, and after losing 19 men to

504-559: A large supply of frankincense from the trees south in the mountains near port town of Heis . This trade was lucrative and with gum and skins being traded in high quantity, Arab and Indian merchants would visit these ports early in the season to get these goods cheaper than at Berbera or Zeyla before continuing westwards along the Somali coast. During the British Somaliland period the recorded statistics of Heis show it as

576-540: A leader alongside Maydh in the east with hundreds of thousands of hides and being the leading exporter of tanned skins with 16,000 reaching Berbera taken by Habr Je'lo traders by dhow. Heis also exported a large quantity of skins and sheep to Aden as well as imported a significant amount of goods from both the Arabian coast and western Somali ports, reaching nearly 2 million rupees by 1903. John Hanning Speke , an English explorer who made an exploratory expedition to

648-456: A lineage of remarkable figures who stood at the forefront of anti-colonial resistance. Among them, Deria Arale , Haji Sudi , Michael Mariano , Sheikh Bashir , Ibrahim Boghol , Farah Omar , and Abdullahi Shihiri shine as beacons of defiance against colonial oppression. Their valorous actions and unwavering commitment to sovereignty and autonomy left an indelible mark on the struggle for independence. From Deria Arale 's strategic leadership to

720-459: A message to religious figures in the town of Erigavo and called on them to revolt and join the rebellion he led. The religious leaders as well as the people of Erigavo heeded his call, and mobilized a substantial number of people in Erigavo armed with rifles and spears and staged a revolt. The British authorities responded rapidly and severely, sending reinforcements to the town and opening fire on

792-404: A message to religious figures in the town of Erigavo and called on them to revolt and join the rebellion he led. The religious leaders as well as the people of Erigavo heeded his call, and mobilized a substantial number of people in Erigavo armed with rifles and spears and staged a revolt. The British authorities responded rapidly and severely, sending reinforcements to the town and opening fire on

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864-492: A policeman was injured. Despite the death of Sheikh Bashir and his followers resistance against British authorities continued in Somaliland, especially in Erigavo where his death stirred further resistance in the town and the town of Badhan and lead to attacks on British colonial troops throughout the district and the seizing of arms from the rural constabulary. Despite the death of Sheikh Bashir and his second-in-command,

936-576: Is now the tract of country occupied by the Habr Toljaala tribe, a great Somali queen called Arawailo, who was greatly feared by her people owing to her eccentricities. Arawailo lived at a place called Murihi, so the story goes, for little save a huge mound of stones, under which she is said to lie buried, now marks the capital of her ancient kingdom. Towards the end of her life Arawailo began to show marked favour towards her own sex and great animosity towards her male subjects. The Habr Toljaala derived

1008-571: Is performed annually both within Somaliland and in the diaspora particularly in the Middle East among Isaaq expatriates. Within the Isaaq clan, the Habar Je'lo or Musa Sheikh Isaaq sub-entity holds a dialect of the Somali language in the highest esteem, cherishing it as a symbol of their heritage and identity. In the annals of Somali history, the Habar Je'lo clan in Somaliland proudly boasts

1080-441: Is to inform you that you have done whatever you have desired, and oppressed our well-known religion without any cause. Further, to inform you that whatever people bring to you they are liars and slanderers. Further, to inform you that Mahomed, your Akil, came to ask from us the arms we therefore, send you this letter. Now choose for yourself; if you want war we accept it, if you want peace pay the fine. September 1, 1899. According to

1152-669: The Habr Je'lo , the clan that Sheikh Bashir belonged to. The British authorities made the return of the livestock dependent on the turning over and arrest of the escaped rebels. The remaining rebels were subsequently found and arrested, and transported to the Saad-ud-Din archipelago , off the coast of Zeila in northwestern Somaliland. Below is a breakdown of the different sub-divisions of the Mohamed Abokor subclan: Togdheer Too Many Requests If you report this error to

1224-657: The Habr Toljaala ( Somali : Habar Toljeclo ) is a major Northern Somali clan of the wider Isaaq family. Its members form the ( Somali : Habr Habusheed/Habeshat ) confederation along with the Ibran , Sanbuur and Tolje’lo. The Habr Je'lo are divided into five further sub-tribes: the Mohamed Abokor , Musa Abokor , Samane Abokor, Reer dood and Omar. Historically, the Mohamed Abokor , Samane Abokor and Reer dood are chiefly nomadic pastoralists , whereas

1296-858: The Isaaq Sultanate which was established by the Rer Guled branch of the Eidagale after the Isaaq successfully defeated the Absame clan at Lafaruug in the 17th century. With time the Habr Yunis and later the Habr Awal and Arap would break from the Isaaq Sultanate. In 1831, the Yeesif, a sub-subtribe of the Mohamed Abokor, was in control of the historic trading port town of Karin . A multitude of other tribes were also present in

1368-587: The Musa Abokor and Omar obtained much of their wealth via their frankincense plantations in the mountainous interior adjacent to the coastline. The Habr Je'lo played a prominent role in the livestock and frankincense trade during the pre-colonial period. The Habr Je'lo also partook in a major organised front to oppose British rule in the late 19th and early 20th centuries under the leadership of Haji Sudi , Sheikh Bashir , Haji Farah Omar , Michael Mariano and other subsequent anti-colonial leaders hailing from

1440-698: The Nile Valley . Ancient edifices have also been found in Heis. According to traditional Somali folklore, Arawelo , a legendary proto-Somali queen who is said to have established a matriarchal society, was based in lands inhabited by the Habr Je'lo, specifically a place called Murihi in the Togdheer region. Ralph E. Drake-Brockman was one of the first Western researchers to publish an account of Arawelo, in his 1912 book British Somaliland he states: The story says that thousands of years ago there lived in what

1512-456: The 1st century CE. "Two days' sail, or three, beyond Malao is the market-town of Mundus, where the ships lie at anchor more safely behind a projecting island close to the shore. There are imported into this place the things previously set forth, and from it likewise are exported the merchandise already stated, and the incense called mocrotu. And the traders living here are more quarrelsome." A large collection of cairns of various types lie near

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1584-573: The Aden market pass but one night at sea, whilst those from Berbera are generally three. What greatly enhances the value of Kurrum however is its proximity to the country of the Dulbahanta, who approach within four days of Kurrum, and who therefore naturally have their chief trade through that port. The Buur Dhaab range has also historically been a junction for trade caravans coming from eastern Somaliland on their way to Berbera port, passing through

1656-478: The Aden market: The last branch of the Western tribes is the Haber el Jahleh, who possess the sea-ports from Seyareh to the ruined village of Rukudah, and as far as the town of Heis. Of these towns, Kurrum is the most important, from its possessing a tolerable harbour, and from its being the nearest point from Aden, the course to which place is N.N.W., consequently the wind is fair, and the boats laden with sheep for

1728-683: The British War Office, the Ahmed Farah, Rer Yusuf and Adan Madoba Habr Je'lo sub-tribes were among the first to join the Dervish rebellion. Haji Sudi, along with Mohammed Abdullah Hassan and Sultan Nur led the first Dervish forces against the British at Samala, Ferdidin, Erigo and Gumburu. Moreover, the coastal Habr Je'lo sub-tribes provided significant armaments to the Dervish forces in the interior. Before sending troops to confront

1800-461: The British at Samala, Ferdidin, Erigo and Gumburu. Moreover, The coastal Habr Je'lo sub-clans provided significant armaments to the Dervish forces in the interior. Before sending troops to confront the Dervish at Samala, Consul-General Hayes Sadler gave the following instructions to the commander Eric John Eagles Swayne: In the unlikely event of the Mullah offering to surrender, in his case and that of

1872-502: The British authorities was not finished with the rebels and continued its counter-insurgency campaign. The authorities had quickly learned the names and identities of all the followers of Sheikh Bashir and tried to convince the locals to turn them in. When they refused, the authorities invoked the Collective Punishment Ordinance , under which the authorities seized and impounded a total of 6,000 camels owned by

1944-713: The British in multiple battles between 1901 and 1904, the colonial forces failed to in their efforts to apprehend Sudi, Arale, Gure and their fellow Dervishes. Gabriel Ferrand, the Vice-Consul of France following these events observed that: Neither the Mahdi nor his chief adviser Ahmed Warsama, better known under the name Haji Sudi, nor the Sultan Nur, leader of the Habr Younis sub-tribe were killed or captured. The optimism of Colonel Sadler and Lieutenant-Colonel Swayne in

2016-577: The Colonial government between the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Among their prominent anti-colonial ideologues during the Dervish period were Deria Arale , Deria Gure, Abdallah Shihiri , Ibrahim Boghol and Haji Sudi , the latter is credited for importing Dervish customs into the Somali peninsula as well as being one of the original founders of the Somali Dervish Movement. Moreover, the Habr Je'lo played an influential role after

2088-744: The Dervish at Samala, Consul-General Hayes Sadler gave the following instructions to the commander Eric John Eagles Swayne: In the unlikely event of the Mullah offering to surrender, in his case and that of the Following: Haji Sudi, Deria Arale, Deria Gure Only an unconditional surrender should be accepted no guarantee of any kind to future treatment been given. Sultan Nur, the Sultan of the Habr Yunis, may be guaranteed his life. J. Hayes-Sadler, His Britannic Majesty's Consul-General, Somali Coast Protectorate. Aden April 11, 1901. Although facing

2160-406: The Following: Haji Sudi, Deria Arale, Deria Gure Only an unconditional surrender should be accepted no guarantee of any kind to future treatment been given. Sultan Nur, the Sultan of the Habr Yunis, may be guaranteed his life." J. Hayes-Sadler, His Britannic Majesty's Consul-General, Somali Coast Protectorate. Aden April 11, 1901." Although facing the British in multiple battles between 1901 and 1904,

2232-515: The Habar Je'lo clan, also known as Musa Sheikh Ishaaq, emerges as a distinguished sub-clan within the broader Ishaaq clan family. Their lineage, traced back to the esteemed Sheikh Ishaaq Bin Ahmed (Sheikh Ishaaq) from Arabia , is woven intricately with a history of heritage and honour. Legend has it that Sheikh Ishaaq, upon his arrival in the 12th or 13th century, settled in the serene town of Harar in modern-day eastern Ethiopia. There, he wedded into

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2304-450: The Isaaq clan-family. The Habr Je’lo coastal settlements and ports, stretching from Siyara in the west to Heis (Xiis) in the east, were important to trade and communication with the Somali interior. While the settlements were not as significant as the more established ports of Berbera , Zeila and Bulhar (respectively), the principle Mohamed Abokor port of Kurrum ( Karin ) was a major market for livestock and frankincense procured from

2376-479: The Laba Gardai or Bah Lardis pass located within the range. The Habr Je'lo have historically acted as the guardians of this pass, receiving dues in exchange for guaranteed safety through Buur Dhaab: The Habr Toljaala are a powerful tribe, and make it a point of honour that caravans shall have safe passage through their country, and they receive a part of the dues for this purpose. The Habr Je'lo were part of

2448-588: The Mohamed Abokor were chiefly nomadic pastoralists, whereas the Musa Abokor and Omar obtained much of their wealth via their frankincense plantations in the mountainous interior adjacent to the coastline. Sheikh Ishaaq ibn Ahmed was one of the Arabian scholars that crossed the sea from Arabia to the Horn of Africa to spread Islam around 12th to 13th century. Hence, Shiekh Ishaaq married two local women in Somaliland that left him eight sons, one of them being Musa (Habr Je'lo). The descendants of those eight sons constitute

2520-532: The Nuh (a sub-subtribe of the Mohamed Abokor) and kill anyone in Karin, surround Karin first and call on all the non-Yeesif tribes to evacuate the town immediately and attack the town once evacuation has been completed, or to burn the town in its entirety. The Adan Madoba opted for the second option. The Adan Madona approached Karin and ordered the Nuh to evacuate Karin, notifying them of their intent to attack

2592-537: The Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.133 via cp1102 cp1102, Varnish XID 553518052 Upstream caches: cp1102 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 05:45:37 GMT Habr Je%27lo Mohamed Abokor : Musa Abokor : The Habr Je'lo ( Somali : Habar Jeclo ), Arabic : هبر جعلو , Full Name: Mūsa ibn ash-Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad , historically known as

2664-503: The Yeesif. However, the Nuh tribesmen refused and aided their Yeesif brothers, as according to folklore the ancestors of the Nuh and Yeesif tribes shared the same mother. The Adan Madoba proceeded to attack Karin and successfully burned the town down. However, they failed to defeat the combined Yeesif-Nuh forces and soon the Adan Madoba were forced to retreat, effectively ending the Yeesif-Adan Madoba conflict. Dirir Warsame,

2736-556: The area in an attempt to reach the Nugaal Valley , described the port town: Without landing, Lieutenant Speke coasted along to Bunder Hais, where he went on shore. Hais is a harbour belonging to the Musa Abokr . It contains a "fort," a single-storied, flat-roofed, stone and mud house, about 20 feet square, one of those artless constructions to which only Somal could attach importance. There are neither muskets nor cannon among

2808-448: The armed mobs in two "local actions" as well as arresting minor religious leaders in the town. The British administration recruited Indian and South African troops, led by police general James David, to fight against Sheikh Bashir and had intelligence plans to capture him alive. The British authorities mobilized a police force, and eventually on 7 July found Sheikh Bashir and his unit in defensive positions behind their fortifications in

2880-404: The arms we therefore, send you this letter. Now choose for yourself; if you want war we accept it, if you want peace pay the fine." September 1, 1899. According to the British War Office, the Ahmed Farah, Rer Yusuf and Adan Madoba Habr Je'lo sub-clans were among the first to join the Dervish rebellion. Haji Sudi, along with Mohammed Abdullah Hassan and Sultan Nur led the first Dervish forces against

2952-414: The braves of Hais. The "town" consists of half a dozen mud huts, mostly skeletons. The anchoring ground is shallow, but partly protected by a spur of hill, and the sea abounds in fish. Four Buggaloes (native craft) were anchored here, waiting for a cargo of Dumbah sheep and clarified butter, the staple produce of the place. Hais exports to Aden, Mocha, and other parts of Arabia; it also manufactures mats, with

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3024-556: The city. Excavations here have yielded pottery and sherds of Roman glassware from a time between the 1st and 5th centuries. Among these artefacts is high-quality millefiori glass. Dated to 0-40 CE, it features red flower disks superimposed on a green background. Additionally, an ancient fragment of a footed bowl was discovered in the surrounding area. The sherd is believed to have been made in Aswan (300-500 CE) or Lower Nubia (500-600 CE), suggesting early trading ties with kingdoms in

3096-731: The clan's legacy in the annals of Somali liberation history. The Habr je'lo (Habarjeclo) tribes reside in eastern Togdheer , eastern Sahil , western Sanaag western Sool in Somaliland . The sub-tribe also inhabits the Somali region in Ethiopia, especially in the Degehbur zone. They also have a large settlement in Kenya where they are known as a constituent segment of the Isahakia community. The ancient city of Mosyllum, situated at

3168-551: The coast of Habr Je'lo inhabited lands, has been described as the largest and most important port city of the Erythrean Sea , exporting cinnamon, frankincense and myrrh. Ralph E. Drake-Brockman states in his 1912 book British Somaliland : The ancient city of Mosyllum, situated on the Habi Toljaala littoral, is in the heart of the area from which the best frankincense, even to-day, is exported ; and doubtless in

3240-422: The colonial forces failed to in their efforts to apprehend Sudi, Arale, Gure and their fellow Dervishes. Gabriel Ferrand, the Vice-Consul of France following these events observed that: Neither the Mahdi nor his chief adviser Ahmed Warsama, better known under the name Haji Sudi, nor the Sultan Nur, leader of the Habr Younis clan were killed or captured. The optimism of Colonel Sadler and Lieutenant-Colonel Swayne in

3312-642: The country of the Dulbahanta, who approach within four days of Kurrum, and who therefore naturally have their chief trade through that port. The Mohammed Abokor subclan of the Habr Je’lo were one of the first clans in the Somaliland Protectrate to revolt against the Colonial government between the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Among their prominent anti-colonial ideologues during the Dervish period were Yuusuf haji hassan Deria Arale , Deria Gure, Abdallah Shihiri , Ibrahim Boghol and Haji Sudi ,

3384-689: The demise of the Dervish Movement in 1920, with Sheikh Bashir Yussuf and Farah Omar being important anti-colonial notables. The Dervish movement first arose in Burao in 1899, where in the summer of that year Dervish leaders and their followers congregated at the settlement. Haji Suudi leading his tribesmen declared war on the British lest they stop interfering with their religious and internal affairs. The dervish then proceeded to send this letter to Captain Cordeauxe and James Hayes Sadler: This

3456-408: The expedition left the area, than the news traveled fast among the Somali nomads across the plain. The war had exposed the British administration to humiliation. The government came to a conclusion that another expedition against him would be useless; that they must build a railway, make roads and effectively occupy the whole of the protectorate, or else abandon the interior completely. The latter course

3528-408: The expedition left the area, than the news traveled fast among the Somali nomads across the plain. The war had exposed the British administration to humiliation. The government came to a conclusion that another expedition against him would be useless; that they must build a railway, make roads and effectively occupy the whole of the protectorate, or else abandon the interior completely. The latter course

3600-519: The fact that the marriage took place. The Adan Madoba man went to his tribesmen and explained the situation to them, threatening to sever his testicles if the tribe did not intervene. The Adan Madoba tribesmen then assassinated the Yeesif groom, which led to a 40 year long conflict where allegedly the grandson of the Rer Dod girl participated in the fighting. The conflict is described by British explorer Richard Burton in 1855, who stated: The Ahl Yusuf,

3672-478: The great-great-great-grandson of Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed . The full name of the subclan is Muḥammad ibn Abū Bakr ibn Jibrīl ibn Abū Bakr ibn Mūsa ibn ash-Shaykh Ishaaq ibn Aḥmad . They are well known for greatly participating in the Dervish movement led by Sayyid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan as well as the 1945 Sheikh Bashir Rebellion led by the religious leader Sheikh Bashir of the Yeesif subclan. Historically,

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3744-664: The hereafter You need not worry, many [dead] men will accompany you When you reach the [passed] elders of the Yeesif Tell them I burned Karin, and they [the Yeesif] punished me Tell them the hands of the Gadabursi and the Ogaden reached us Tell them they [Yeesif] beat us with spears like infidels The Habr Je’lo along with the Habr Yunis were one of the first sub-tribes in the Somaliland Protectrate to revolt against

3816-507: The highest ranking Dervish after Mohammed Abdullah Hassan and Ibrahim Boghol, commander of the northern Dervish army died valiantly defending the Taleh. The 1945 Sheikh Bashir Rebellion was a rebellion waged by tribesmen of the Habr Je'lo sub-tribe in the cities of Burao and Erigavo in the former British Somaliland protectorate against British authorities in July 1945 led by Sheikh Bashir ,

3888-400: The highest ranking Dervish after Mohammed Abdullah Hassan and Ibrahim Boghol, commander of the northern Dervish army died valiantly defending the Taleh. The 1945 Sheikh Bashir Rebellion was a rebellion waged by tribesmen of the Habr Je'lo clan in the cities of Burao and Erigavo in the former British Somaliland protectorate against British authorities in July 1945 led by Sheikh Bashir ,

3960-517: The house of the district commissioner of Burao District , Major Chambers, resulting in the death of Major Chamber's police guard before escaping to Bur Dhab, a strategic mountain south-east of Burao, where Sheikh Bashir's small unit occupied a fort and took up a defensive position in anticipation of a British counterattack. The British campaign against Sheikh Bashir's troops proved abortive after several defeats as his forces kept moving from place to place and avoiding any permanent location. No sooner had

4032-516: The house of the district commissioner of Burao District , Major Chambers, resulting in the death of Major Chamber's police guard before escaping to Bur Dhab, a strategic mountain south-east of Burao, where Sheikh Bashir's small unit occupied a fort and took up a defensive position in anticipation of a British counterattack. The British campaign against Sheikh Bashir's troops proved abortive after several defeats as his forces kept moving from place to place and avoiding any permanent location. No sooner had

4104-419: The interior, and was a favorite for livestock traders due to the close proximity of the port to Aden . Habr Je’lo traders acted as middlemen to Dhulbahante livestock herders in the interior by purchasing and/or bartering their stock for export to the Aden market: “The last branch of the Western tribes is the Haber el Jahleh, who possess the sea-ports from Seyareh to the ruined village of Rukudah, and as far as

4176-618: The latest reports relating to military operations is inexplicable. Abdalah Shihiri and Deria Arale led the 1904 Dervish delegation that facilitated the Ilig or Pestollaza agreement between the Dervish and Italy. This treaty allowed the Dervishes to peacefully settle in Italian Somaliland with some autonomy. In 1920, the British air force commenced their bombardment of Dervish fort and their ground assault on Taleh fort. Haji Sudi,

4248-439: The latest reports relating to military operations is inexplicable." Abdalah Shihiri and Deria Arale led the 1904 Dervish delegation that facilitated the Ilig or Pestollaza agreement between the Dervish and Italy. This treaty allowed the Dervishes to peacefully settle in Italian Somaliland with some autonomy. In 1920, the British air force commenced their bombardment of Dervish fort and their ground assault on Taleh fort. Haji Sudi,

4320-405: The latter is credited for importing Dervish customs into the Somali peninsula as well as being one of the original founders of the Somali Dervish Movement. Moreover, the Habr Je'lo played an influential role after the demise of the Dervish Movement in 1920, with Sheikh Bashir Yussuf and Farah Omar being important anti-colonial notables. The Dervish movement first arose in Burao in 1899, where in

4392-509: The leaves of the Daum palm and other trees. Lieutenant Speke was well received by one Ali, the Agil, or petty chief of the place: he presented two sheep to the traveller. The Habr Je’lo coastal settlements and ports, stretching from near Siyara in the west to Heis (Xiis) in the east, were important to trade and communication with the Somali interior. While the settlements were not as significant as

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4464-441: The more established ports of Berbera , Zeila and Bulhar (respectively), the principle Habr Je’lo port of Kurrum ( Karin ) was a major market for livestock and frankincense procured from the interior, and was a favorite for livestock traders due to the close proximity of the port to Aden. Habr Je’lo traders acted as middlemen to Dhulbahante livestock herders in the interior by purchasing and/or bartering their stock for export to

4536-457: The mountains of Bur Dhab. After clashes Sheikh Bashir and his second-in-command, Alin Yusuf Ali, nicknamed Qaybdiid, were killed. A third rebel was wounded and was captured along with two other rebels. The rest fled the fortifications and dispersed. On the British side the police general leading the British troops as well as a number of Indian and South African troops perished in the clashes, and

4608-507: The revered Harari ethnic group , laying the foundations for the Habar Je'lo legacy. It is worth noting that Sheikh Ishaaq's esteemed ancestry, purportedly tracing back to Ali ibn Abi Talib , adds a layer of sacred lineage to their narrative, as recounted in certain Arabic hagiographies. Musa Sheikh Ishaaq's tomb is in Maydh , and is the scene of frequent pilgrimages. His Siyaara or pilgrimage

4680-495: The same tribe namely Ahmed Ismail Abdi (Duksi). These figures represent both the intellectual and violent struggle that was staged against the colonial project of the British Empire. The Habr Je'lo hold great economic influence within Somaliland and across the Horn of Africa, having the richest businessmen who operate across multiple industries among their ranks. In the rich tapestry of oral Somali genealogical tradition,

4752-600: The summer of that year Dervish leaders and their clan followers congregated at the settlement. Haji Suudi leading his clansmen declared war on the British lest they stop interfering with their religious and internal affairs. The dervish then proceeded to send this letter to Captain Cordeauxe and James Hayes Sadler: This is to inform you that you have done whatever you have desired, and oppressed our well-known religion without any cause. Further, to inform you that whatever people bring to you they are liars and slanderers. Further, to inform you that Mahomed, your Akil, came to ask from us

4824-533: The time of the ancients all the myrrh from the far interior — or what is now the Dulbahanta country — must have passed out through this channel. Heis, another port town inhabited by the Habr Je'lo, is said to be identical with the ancient trading post of Mundus ( Ancient Greek : Μούνδος ) that is described in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea , an anonymous account by a Greek Alexandrian salesman from

4896-415: The town of Heis. Of these towns, Kurrum is the most important, from its possessing a tolerable harbour, and from its being the nearest point from Aden, the course to which place is N.N.W., consequently the wind is fair, and the boats laden with sheep for the Aden market pass but one night at sea, whilst those from Berbera are generally three. What greatly enhances the value of Kurrum however is its proximity to

4968-440: The town to trade, notably the Adan Madoba. According to Somali history, Karin was a gated town, with the Yeesif sub-subtribe controlling who could enter and leave the town, investing heavily in protecting the town due to its importance. In 1831 a girl of the Rer Dod sub-subtribe married a young Yeesif warrior, however, a man of the Adan Madoba, another subtribe of the Mohamed Abokor, also intended to marry her and could not accept

5040-408: The unwavering resolve of figures like Haji Sudi and Michael Mariano , each played a crucial role in galvanizing resistance efforts. Sheikh Bashir , Ibrahim Boghol's spiritual guidance and Farah Omar's tactical acumen further bolstered the Habar Je'lo's defiance against colonial encroachment. Abdullahi Shihiri's steadfast dedication to the cause served as an inspiration to generations, cementing

5112-419: Was decided upon, and during the first months of 1945, the advance posts were withdrawn and the British administration confined to the coast town of Berbera . Sheikh Bashir settled many disputes among the tribes in the vicinity, which kept them from raiding each other. He was generally thought to settle disputes through the use of Islamic Sharia and gathered around him a strong following. Sheikh Bashir sent

5184-417: Was decided upon, and during the first months of 1945, the advance posts were withdrawn and the British administration confined to the coast town of Berbera . Sheikh Bashir settled many disputes among the tribes in the vicinity, which kept them from raiding each other. He was generally thought to settle disputes through the use of Islamic Sharia and gathered around him a strong following. Sheikh Bashir sent

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