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26-705: Before 2013, G219 ran from Yecheng (Karghilik) in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region to Lhatse in the Tibet Autonomous Region . It was 2,342 km (1,455 mi) long. This section was completed in September 1957. India disagrees with China over its 180 km (112 mi) territorial footprint in Aksai Chin . During the 1962 war , China defended the road, also pushing its western frontier further west. For

52-496: A rhyme describing those mountain passes: (optional preamble) 行车新藏线，不亚蜀道难。 库地达坂险，犹似鬼门关； 麻扎达坂尖，陡升五千三； 黑卡达坂旋，九十九道弯； 界山达坂弯，喘气真是难。 (alternate to last line) 界山达坂弯，伸手可摸天。 (optional preamble) Driving the Xinjiang-Tibet road, no easier than the ancient roads to Sichuan . Kudi Daban is very dangerous, just like the gates of hell; Mazar Daban is very pointy, soaring five thousand and three; Heiqia Daban

78-408: Is a small town with a market, some shops and a bank. Large-scale irrigation has transformed huge areas of desert into productive agricultural land. Yecheng is the main centre for Chinese immigration into western Xinjiang and it has become quite a large, sprawling town. The total economic output of the town for that year of 2011 was valued at 309,812,200 CNY . As of 1997 , 78.7% of the residents of

104-560: Is very loopy, with ninety-nine bends in the road; Jieshan Daban is very curvy, but breathing now is really hard. (alternate to last line) Jieshan Daban is very curvy, an extended hand will touch the sky. The route was expanded in the China National Highway Network Planning (2013–2030) both northward and eastward to span the entire Chinese western and southern border. The new route will measure over 10,000 km (6,214 mi), making it by far

130-621: The People's Liberation Army at the edge of the Aksai Chin . Near the town of Mazar many trekkers turn off for both the Karakorum range and K2 base camp. Approaching the Xinjiang border, past the final Tibetan settlement of Tserang Daban is a dangerous 5,050-meter-high pass. Tibetan nomads in the area herd both yaks and two-humped camels. Descending through the western Kunlun Shan, the road crosses additional passes of 4,000 and 3,000 meters, and

156-632: The Yarkand River . During the Former Han period, this place was referred to as Xiye ( Chinese : 西夜 ; Wade–Giles : Hsi-yeh ). It was described as having 350 households, 4,000 people and 1,000 men able to bear arms. It was ruled by a king of a neighboring area called Zihe ( Chinese : 子合 ; Wade–Giles : Tzu-ho ). In the Later Han period it was also known as Piaosha which translates literally as "drifting sands". It

182-425: The 'Aksai Chin road', and the 'Sky Road'. About 180 km (112 mi) passes through Aksai Chin. Through 1950s China planned and constructed a road through its western frontier in Xinjiang and Tibet (Hotan/Rutog). China announced completion of the road in September 1957. A number of reasons for building the road has been conceptualized, including cementing China's control over the region. India supposedly learnt of

208-617: The G219, the G564 and the G365, and the S205, S206, S207. China 14th five-year plan for 2021–2025 further improves connectivity with G219. As one of the highest motorable roads in the world, the breathtaking scenery of Rutog County also ranks as some of the most inhospitable terrain on the planet. Domar township—a town of concrete blocks and nomad tents—is one of the bleakest and most remote outposts of

234-713: The beginning of the Taiyan period (435-439 CE) and tribute was sent regularly after that. It later fell under the power of the Hephthalites and then the Western Turks . In 639 the ruler sent an embassy to the Chinese court and by 659 was included as part of the region called the "Four Garrisons" by the Chinese after their defeat of the Turkish chief, Duman. The population were presumably converted to Islam soon after

260-527: The construction a couple of years after the road construction started. Despite the historic remoteness of the region, both sides lay claim to the area. The road entered disputed territory "just east of Sarigh Jilgnang" after which it ran through a number of locations India recognized as its territory such as Haji Langar, and usage was claimed by India to be in contravention to the Sino-Indian Agreement 1954 . The following years saw China repave

286-543: The final pass offers brilliant views of the Taklamakan Desert far below before descending into the Karakax River basin. The Chinese government is making efforts to promote tourism along G219. There are a number of military check posts along the road. Download coordinates as: (Yecheng ) Aksai Chin * The western portion of the highway has numerous notable mountain passes. Motorists have invented

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312-417: The first time after the 1960s, between 2010-2012, China spent CN¥3 Billion ($ 476 million) repaving the Xinjiang section spanning just over 650 km (404 mi). China's 13th (2016–2020) and 14th (2021–2025) five-year plans both included development of the road and connectivity with other roads. Construction of this road as a gravel road was started in 1951. It is also known as the 'Yehchang–Gartok road',

338-586: The longest National Highway. The section along the China-Vietnam border is also known as the Yanbian Highway (沿边公路, literally: along the border highway ). China National Highway 112 runs around Beijing Before 2013, Mainland China observed National Highway 228 as Taiwan Ring, composed of several National Expressway (Republic of China) and Taiwan provincial highways, this designation is not recognized by Republic of China (Taiwan). This observation

364-628: The militant group, studied from 1984 to 1989. In 1994, the Chinese character name for the town was set as Kageleke (喀格勒克镇). On 28 February 2012, ethnic Uyghurs, wielding knives, attacked a market in Yecheng , killing 13 people, mostly ethnic Han. The police shot & killed the seven Uyghur attackers. Kargilik Town is located on the alluvial fan of the Tizinafu River located in the northern part of Kargilik County. Chasa Meschit Township (Qiasameiqite, Qiasimiqiti) surrounds Kargilik Town on

390-537: The new religion arrived in the Tarim Basin about 1006 CE. During the 1800s, Kargalik contained many foreign slaves who had integrated into the Chinese state. After being freed, many slaves such as Gilgitis in Xinjiang cities like Tashkurgan, Yarkand and Karghallik, stayed rather than return Hunza in Gilgit . Most of these slaves were women who married local slaves and free men and had children with them. Sometimes

416-525: The north, east and south. To the west, the town borders Yitimliqum Township (Yitimukong). As of 2019, Kargilik Town included fifty-two residential communities : ( Mandarin Chinese pinyin -derived names ) As of 2009: In earlier times it was important as the usual starting-point for caravans to India, through the Pamirs , via Tashkurghan , or through Ladakh by the Karakoram passes. Today there

442-477: The road began in late 2010. By July 2012 and with an expenditure of CN¥3 Billion ($ 476 million), the Xinjiang section spanning just over 650 km (404 mi) was completed. This was the first repaving since the 1960s, according to a Chinese road administration official. The 13th five-year plan of China (2016–2020) further upgraded the road. In 2013 the road was upgraded to asphalt . A number of provincial roads have been and are being developed which exit off from

468-411: The road which resulted in localized tension. One of the reasons for the 1962 war was the defence of that road. In the defence of the road, China pushed its western frontier further west. Dispute over the territory persists to the present time. There is a Chinese war memorial on the G219 at Kangxiwar . A number of lateral roads have been constructed with scattered military infrastructure. Repaving of

494-582: The town. It is situated on the southern rim of the Taklamakan desert, about halfway between Pishan and Yarkand on the southern route around the Tarim Basin . It is about 50 km north of Kokyar . The rich loess terraces of the oasis are watered by the Tiznaf river and several smaller streams. They are joined to the north by a belt of cultivated land stretching about 40 km from the town of Yecheng to

520-473: The women were married to their masters, other slaves or free men who were not their masters. There were ten slave men to slave women married couples and 15 master-female slave couples, with several other non-master free men married to slave women. Both slaves and free Turki and Chinese men fathered children with Hunza slave women. A free man, Khas Muhammad, was married with two children to a female slave named Daulat, aged 24. A Gilgiti slave woman aged 26, Makhmal,

546-467: Was announced in 2022, including new small purpose connection highways (601-701). Kargilik Town Kargilik ( Uyghur : قاغىلىق ) or Yecheng ( Chinese : 叶城 ) is a town in Xinjiang , China. It is to the southeast of Kashgar , at a distance of 249 km by road and is north of Mazar by 249 km. It is the seat of Kargilik (Yecheng) County . Kargilik/Yecheng is the name of both the oasis and

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572-465: Was eventually dropped in new National Highway plans, replaced by Dandong-Dongxing Highway. A extension plan of the highway system was announced in 2013, including extension of existing highways(101-112, 201-227, 301-330) and new highways (North-South 228-248, East-West 331-361, Connections 501-581). Only small portions of them needs to be constructed from scratch; most of the new highways would be upgraded provincial/county highways. Another extension plan

598-492: Was made into cakes. The inhabitants did not allow the slaughter of animals and only ate those which had died a natural death. Many of them lived in the mountains. They resembled the people of Khotan in their language and customs while their writing was like that of the Brahmans from India. Xuanzang , travelling through the country in 644 CE, described it as being very fertile, with abundant grapes, pears and plums. He said it

624-464: Was married to a Chinese slave man, Allah Vardi and had three children with him. In 1979, a number of religious schools were founded by militant group East Turkistan Islamic Movement (ETIM/TIP) founder Abdul Hakeem Makhdoom in Karghalik. These were used to disseminate the movement's ideology among the local population, and were the place where Hasan Mahsum , who would later go on to revive and lead

650-653: Was more than 1,000 li in circuit, with a capital city measuring more than 10 li around. The writing was like that of Khotan but the spoken language was different. Although he says the people were sincere Buddhists, they had little culture or education and he found them rude and deceitful. Many monasteries were in ruins and the 100 or so monks left were of the Mahayana school. He added that the Mahayana canonical texts were more numerous here than in any other country Buddhism had reached. It apparently sent an embassy to China at

676-707: Was noted for producing baicao (白草, literally "white grass") which gave a very poisonous substance used on arrow tips - probably from an aconite plant. Xiye is recorded in the Book of the Later Han as being distinct from Zihe and having 2,500 households, more than 10,000 people and 3,000 men able to bear arms. The Chinese pilgrim monk, Song Yun , passed through the Kingdom of Zhujuban ( Chinese : 朱駒半 ) on his way from Khotan in 519 CE. He described it as being five days' journey around and that it produced much cereal, which

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