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49-583: The railway is well known for its Agawa Canyon tour train. Until 2015, the line also provided passenger train service to canoeists, snowmobilers, cottagers and tourists accessing this wilderness recreation region. The railway connects at its northernmost point with the Ontario Northland Railway and with CN's eastern division to the south. It also intersects with the Canadian Pacific Kansas City at Franz and with

98-520: A bill has been approved by both the House of Commons and the Senate, royal assent is required to make the bill become law. The laws are then the responsibility of the government to oversee and enforce. Under Canada's Westminster-style parliamentary democracy , the terms government and Government of Canada refer specifically to the prime minister, Cabinet, and other members of the governing party inside

147-646: A continuance of the Agawa Canyon Tour Train, as well as signing a memorandum of understanding with the Missanabie Cree First Nation regarding a potential partnership. On April 20, the Missanabie Cree First Nation, N1 Strategy Inc. and The Machine Shop also signed a memorandum of understanding around logistics and operations of a resurrected tourist train. In the 1960s, the railway began to promote

196-458: A limited number of members from the Senate ). During its term, the government must retain the confidence of the House of Commons and certain important motions , such as money bills and the speech from the throne , are considered as confidence motions . Laws are formed by the passage of bills through Parliament, which are either sponsored by the government or individual members of Parliament. Once

245-598: A majority of seats in Parliament, forming a governing party . Further elements of governance are outlined in the rest of the Canadian constitution , which includes written statutes in addition to court rulings and unwritten conventions developed over centuries. Constitutionally, the King's Privy Council for Canada is the body that advises the sovereign or their representative on the exercise of executive power. This task

294-692: A separate subsidiary , Wisconsin Central Canada Holdings. In 1998, Algoma Steel closed its iron ore mine in Wawa and the branch line between Michipicoten Harbour and Hawk Junction was abandoned. Wisconsin Central Ltd. was acquired by Canadian National on October 9, 2001, whereupon the Algoma Central became part of CN's Eastern Division. In January 2014, CN announced it was cutting the service from Sault Ste. Marie to Hearst, blaming

343-408: A working group attempting to save the line hired BDO Canada LLP , an accounting firm, to assess the financial impact to the region when the service is scheduled to end April 29. The working group, composed of municipalities, first nations, and cottager associations, all had a vested interest in the continuation of the service. According to preliminary findings, BDO determined passenger rail service in

392-571: Is head of state and is personally represented by a governor general (currently Mary Simon ). A prime minister (currently Justin Trudeau ) is the head of government , who is invited by the Crown to form a government after securing the confidence of the House of Commons , which is typically determined through the election of enough members of a single political party in a federal election to provide

441-522: Is carried out nearly exclusively by the Cabinet, which functions as the executive committee of the Privy Council that sets the government's policies and priorities for the country and is chaired by the prime minister. The sovereign appoints the members of Cabinet on the advice of the prime minister who, by convention, are generally selected primarily from the House of Commons (although often include

490-572: Is the body responsible for the federal administration of Canada . The term Government of Canada refers specifically to the executive, which includes ministers of the Crown (together in the Cabinet ) and the federal civil service (whom the Cabinet direct); it is alternatively known as His Majesty's Government (French: Gouvernement de Sa Majesté ) and is corporately branded as the Government of Canada . There are over 100 departments and agencies, as well as over 300,000 persons employed in

539-597: The Canadian Northern Railway (at Oba ). In 1914, it finally reached Hearst, a town 476 km (296 mi) north of Sault Ste. Marie that was a divisional point on the National Transcontinental Railway . By that point, Clergue's dream of building a railway to Hudson Bay or James Bay had long been abandoned, and the railway's northern terminus remained at Hearst, around 240 km (150 mi) from James Bay. However,

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588-421: The Canadian federal government for cutting a subsidy necessary to keep the service running. The passenger service, which runs three days per week, provides year-round access to remote tourist camps and resorts. The average annual ridership is estimated to be 10,600 passengers. It has been argued in the past as an essential service ; however, the service has always been deemed financially uneconomic. In February,

637-555: The Group of Seven painted in the Algoma region including Lawren Harris , A. Y. Jackson , Frank Johnston , J. E. H. MacDonald , and Arthur Lismer . To access this area they rented a boxcar from The Algoma Central Railway, which had been outfitted like a cabin and was shunted to sidings near choice painting locations. From these locations they set out on foot or canoe to capture this untamed area on canvas. Five short nature trails cross

686-539: The House of Commons , but typically includes the federal public service and federal departments and agencies when used elsewhere. This differs from the United States , where the executive branch is referred to as an administration and the federal government encompasses executive, legislative, and judicial powers, similar to the Canadian Crown . In press releases issued by federal departments,

735-704: The Huron Central Railway at its southernmost point in the Sault. The Algoma Central Railway was first owned by Francis H. Clergue , who required a railway to haul resources from the interior of the Algoma District to Clergue's industries in Sault Ste. Marie; specifically, to transport logs to his pulp mill and iron ore from the Helen Mine, near Wawa , to a proposed steel mill (which

784-529: The King-in-Council . On the advice of the Canadian prime minister, the sovereign appoints a federal viceregal representative —the governor general (currently Mary Simon )—who, since 1947, is permitted to exercise almost all of the monarch's royal prerogative ; though, there are some duties which must be specifically performed by the monarch themselves (such as assent of certain bills). In case of

833-539: The Public Service of Canada , and the Canadian Armed Forces . One of the main duties of the Crown is to ensure that a democratic government is always in place, which includes the appointment of a prime minister , who heads the Cabinet and directs the activities of the government. Not outlined in any constitutional document, the office exists in long-established convention , which stipulates

882-467: The advice of the King's Privy Council for Canada , referred to as the King-in-Council . However, the Privy Council—consisting mostly of former ministers, chief justices , and other elder statesmen—rarely meets in full. In the construct of constitutional monarchy and responsible government , the advice tendered is typically binding, meaning the monarch reigns but does not rule , with

931-609: The Agawa Canyon was laid during the winter of 1911. The Algoma Central Railway began development of the Agawa Canyon Wilderness Park in 1952 with the clearing of a picnic area. With increased service from Algoma Central's Agawa Canyon Tour Train, the area's natural environment makes it a tourist stop. Since 1952, over three million people have visited Agawa Canyon. The word Agawa is native Ojibway for "shelter". Between 1918 and 1923, several members of

980-434: The Algoma district generates between $ 38 million and $ 48 million in annual economic activity. It supports as many as 220 jobs and delivers more than $ 5 million in tax revenues. In April 2014, the federal government extended funding for one year so that CN would continue to provide the passenger service. The $ 2.2-million subsidy was to facilitate the provision of service until 2015. In March 2015, Railmark Canada Ltd assumed

1029-419: The Cabinet ruling "in trust" for the monarch. However, the royal prerogative belongs to the Crown and not to any of the ministers, and there are rare exceptions where the monarch may be obliged to act unilaterally to prevent manifestly unconstitutional acts. The stipulations of responsible government require that those who directly advise the Crown on the exercise the royal prerogative be accountable to

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1078-472: The Crown must select as prime minister the person most likely to command the confidence of the elected House of Commons , who, in practice, is typically the leader of the political party that holds more seats than any other party in that chamber (currently the Liberal Party , led by Justin Trudeau ). Should no particular party hold a majority in the House of Commons, the leader of one party—either

1127-620: The Government of Canada. These institutions carry out the programs and enforce the laws established by the Parliament of Canada . The federal government's organization and structure was established at Confederation , through the Constitution Act, 1867 , wherein the Canadian Crown acts as the core, or "the most basic building block", of its Westminster-style parliamentary democracy . The monarch, King  Charles III

1176-770: The Wisconsin Central system. In December 2021, the sale of the former Algoma Central lines along with CN trackage in Wisconsin and Michigan was approved by the Surface Transportation Board. In March 2021, Watco announced that it would acquire the Algoma Central from Canadian National, along with the Wisconsin lines, sale of the latter being subject to final approval by the United States Surface Transportation Board . Simultaneously, Watco committed to

1225-829: The award-winning documentary film Painted Land: in Search of the Group of Seven which was shot along the rail corridor. In 2016 the Moments of Algoma project was launched by the Algoma Kinniwabi Travel Association, inviting tourists to follow the Group of Seven's travels, experiences and expressions of the region. The driving tour begins in Bruce Mines and follows the shoreline of Lake Huron and Lake Superior as far as Nipigon. Rail passengers will find more interpretive Installations in Agawa Canyon and at

1274-474: The canyon's rim and feed the Agawa River. The North and South Black Beaver Falls are 53.3 metres (175 ft) high. The tallest waterfall in the park is Bridal Veil Falls at 68.5 metres (225 ft). Otter Creek Falls is the shortest waterfall at 13.7 meters (45 ft). The upper part of Otter Creek provides natural spawning beds for speckled trout , with the falls itself fed by small beaver ponds above

1323-502: The canyon. Common plant species that flower in the spring and summer include fireweed , yellow and orange hawkweed , Oxeye daisy , nodding trillium , and yellow clintonia . Species flowering later in the season include viper's bugloss , bladder campion , yarrow , evening primrose and a variety of asters . Beaver and otter are abundant in the Agawa River, as are several species of duck including mergansers , wood ducks and goldeneyes . The steep canyon walls and proximity of

1372-534: The changing colors and in December, January and February for the "snow train". Ice climbing is another activity that visitors may participate in. Some classic routes in this area are Trestle, Salmon Run and Sweating Whiskey. The train drops off the climbers between mile 110 to 114 and the campers usually have tents, or non-permanent shelters set up near the tracks. Canadian federal government The Government of Canada ( French : Gouvernement du Canada )

1421-415: The conventional stipulations of a constitutional monarchy, the sovereign's direct participation in any of these areas of governance is limited. The term Government of Canada , or more formally, His Majesty's Government refers to the activities of the King-in-Council . The day-to-day operation and activities of the Government of Canada are performed by the federal departments and agencies , staffed by

1470-471: The elected House of Commons and the day-to-day operation of government is guided only by a sub-group of the Privy Council made up of individuals who hold seats in Parliament, known as the Cabinet . The monarch and governor general typically follow the near-binding advice of their ministers. The royal prerogative, however, belongs to the Crown and not to any of the ministers, who only rule "in trust" for

1519-681: The government has sometimes been referred to as the current prime minister's government (e.g. the Trudeau Government ). This terminology has been commonly employed in the media. In late 2010, an informal instruction from the Office of the Prime Minister urged government departments to consistently use, in all department communications, such phrasing (i.e., Harper Government , at the time), in place of Government of Canada . The same Cabinet earlier directed its press department to use

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1568-448: The governor general's absence or incapacitation, the administrator of Canada performs the Crown's most basic functions. As part of the royal prerogative, the royal sign-manual gives authority to letters patent and orders-in-Council . Much of the royal prerogative is only exercised in-council, meaning on the advice of the King's Privy Council for Canada ( ministers of the Crown formed in Cabinet in conventional practice); within

1617-567: The line reached 90 km (56 mi) north of Sault Ste. Marie, with a 32 km (20 mi) segment running east from Michipicoten Harbour that did not yet connect with the main line. Construction was stopped, but it was subsequently resumed in 1909 and the line was extended northward through to junctions with the Michipicoten Harbour branch (at Hawk Junction ), the Canadian Pacific Railway (at Franz ) and

1666-519: The longest passenger trains in North America, often up to 20 to 24 cars long. During the 1970s and 1980s, around 100,000 people per year visited Agawa Canyon. The Agawa Canyon Tour Train has continued to operate as a separate entity since 2015. The 2020 season of the Agawa Canyon tour train was cancelled due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic . During 2023 the tour train runs from early August to mid-October. In 2015, White Pine Pictures released

1715-400: The monarch and who must relinquish the Crown's power back to it upon losing the confidence of the commons, whereupon a new government, which can hold the lower chamber 's confidence, is installed by the governor general. The royal and vice-royal figures may unilaterally use these powers in exceptional constitutional crisis situations (an exercise of the reserve powers ), thereby allowing

1764-580: The natural beauty of the District of Algoma to tourists , especially the Agawa Canyon , a canyon carved by the Agawa River , located 114 rail miles (183 km) north of Sault Ste. Marie, and not accessible by road. The Algoma Central developed a tourist stopover here and it proved to be a great success for the railway. Owing to the popularity of the Agawa Canyon excursions, the Algoma Central ran

1813-525: The park area: the Ed Foote Trail, Lookout Trail, Otter Creek Trail, River Trail, and Talus Trail. Visitors to the canyon can climb 372 steps that lead to the "Lookout" located on the wall of the gorge. The observation platform situated 76 metres (250 ft) above the tracks provides a panoramic view of the canyon. The Algoma Central Railway offers tour trains to the canyon in the summer, fall and winter months; during late September and October for

1862-468: The party with the most seats or one supported by other parties—will be called by the governor general to form a minority government . Once sworn in, the prime minister holds office until their resignation or removal by the governor general, after either a motion of no confidence or defeat in a general election . The executive is defined in the Constitution Act, 1867 as the Crown acting on

1911-411: The passenger service with the intention to increase services and marketing. In March 2015, the Canadian government guaranteed funding of the service for an additional three years. In June of the same year, Canadian National said it would stop the service on July 15 after it was unable to make a deal with Railmark Canada. The government subsidy still stood, but a new rail operator needed to be sought by

1960-430: The phrase Canada's New Government . Canada is a constitutional monarchy, wherein the role of the reigning sovereign is both legal and practical, but not political. The monarch is vested with all powers of state and sits at the centre of a construct in which the power of the whole is shared by multiple institutions of government acting under the sovereign's authority. The executive is thus formally referred to as

2009-493: The phrase and Hudson Bay was not removed from the railway's name until June 30, 1965. The Algoma Central was the first Canadian railway to operate fully with diesel fuel, in 1952. The railway had been in the shipping business since 1900, when it had purchased four steamships . Starting during the 1960s, the railway greatly expanded its marine operations and diversified into trucking , real estate , forestry , and mining operations. These operations were more profitable than

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2058-427: The rail tracks render the area fairly unappealing to moose and bear ; however, the area abounds with small mammals including chipmunks , meadow voles and groundhogs . Commonly sighted birds include ravens , robins , grackles , ruffed grouse , and great blue herons . A variety of raptors frequent the canyon including merlins , golden eagles , broad-winged hawks and American kestrels . The first track in

2107-480: The railway operations, and on April 30, 1990, as part of a corporate reorganization, the name of the company was changed to Algoma Central Corporation , with the Algoma Central Railway becoming one of its subsidiaries. A few years later, the Algoma Central Railway was put up for sale. On February 1, 1995, Wisconsin Central Ltd. purchased Algoma Central Railway Incorporated, operating the railway as

2156-553: The regional stakeholders group. Railmark was unable to secure a line of credit from a lending group, which hindered its ability to take over services. In 2017, the Missanabie Cree First Nation started investigating taking operational control of the line. Canadian National announced its intent in July 2020 to sell off non-core lines in the Upper Midwest as part of a rationalization programme, all of which were previously part of

2205-534: The river. The park is situated in the transitional zone between the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence Forest region and the Boreal Forest , with diverse and numerous representative flora from both regions present in the canyon. Annual snowfall in the canyon exceeds 450 centimetres (180 in), with a record snowfall of 782 centimetres (308 in) recorded during the winter of 1989. Four waterfalls dot

2254-513: The train station in Sault Ste. Marie. The railway is the subject of the song "Algoma Central 69" by Stompin' Tom Connors . The Agawa Canyon Tour Train has continued to operate as a separate entity since 2015. Named railway points and sidings are listed from south to north. Agawa Canyon The Agawa Canyon is a shallow canyon located deep in the sparsely populated Algoma District in Northeastern Ontario , Canada. It

2303-583: Was created 1.2 billion years ago by faulting along the Canadian Shield and then enlarged by the erosive action of the Agawa River . The Agawa Canyon Wilderness Park is only accessible by hiking trail or the Agawa Canyon station on the Algoma Central Railway , and is located 114 miles (183 km) by rail north west of Sault Ste. Marie . At their highest point, the walls of the Agawa Canyon rise 175.2 metres (575 ft) above

2352-456: Was intending to build a line between the CPR main line and Hudson Bay . He then changed the name of the Algoma Central Railway to The Algoma Central and Hudson Bay Railway Company , anticipating a connection either to Moose Factory on James Bay or to some point on Hudson Bay. The Algoma Central fell victim to the bankruptcy of Clergue's Consolidated Lake Superior Company in 1903. At that time,

2401-567: Was later named Algoma Steel ). The Algoma Central Railway was chartered on August 11, 1899. The railway's Dominion and provincial charters gave it authority to build north from Sault Ste. Marie to a junction with the Canadian Pacific Railway 's main line, as well as a branch line to Michipicoten Harbour, on Lake Superior near Wawa. In 1901, Clergue acquired the charter of the Ontario, Hudson Bay and Western Railway , which

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