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38-411: In January 1895 a meeting of the premiers of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia and Tasmania approved a scheme, devised by John Quick and adopted by George Reid , to directly elect the members of a convention which would be tasked to draft for the six colonies a federal constitution. Western Australia later decided its delegates would be MPs chosen by parliament, and

76-650: A candidate was similarly defined, except in Victoria where a hefty £50 deposit was also required, with the upshot that there only 32 candidates nominated, compared to 32 in both Tasmania and South Australia, and 49 in New South Wales. Each colony voted as a single electorate; there was no division of any into geographical constituencies. All four colonies used the same voting method to decide the ten successful candidates, known then as scrutin de liste , block voting, or general ticket voting. Each voter indicated on

114-728: A farmer, began prospecting at the Bendigo goldfields but died a few months later of a fever. Quick was educated at a state school in Bendigo and at the age of 10, he went to work in an iron foundry at Long Gully. Quick later worked as an assistant at the Bendigo Evening News and then as a junior reporter at the Bendigo Independent . There, he gained skills in shorthand writing and improved his general education.:) In 1873, Quick moved to Melbourne , passing

152-418: A solicitor. In 1882, Quick received a Doctor of Laws degree (LL.D) after an examination. On 24 December 1883, he married Catherine Harris (born 26 July 1861 at Eaglehawk ) the daughter of Joseph Harris and Annie Cahill. They married at St Peter's Episcopal Church, Eaglehawk. The couple did not have any children together. Quick was successful in parliament, and in 1886 was offered a ministerial portfolio by

190-431: A voter could not validly select fewer than ten candidates could produce a perverse result: "supporters of the defeated candidates voted for some on the successful list who defeated their own favourites". Curiously, there was less contemporary objection to the commonplace violation by general ticket voting of the democratic sentiment that the successful candidates in any multi-candidate election should approximately reflect

228-582: The Corowa Conference, and there devised a scheme for the direct election of national convention, tasked to draft a federal constitution which would then be put to voter by means of a referendum. The scheme elicited little interest, and was formally rejected by Edward Barton's Australasian Federal League. But in November 1893 Quick drafted a bill encapsulating his ideas, in 1894 George Reid adopted them as Premier of News South Wales, and in 1897-8

266-553: The Division of Bendigo . He was initially considered a member of the Protectionist Party , but by 1903 the protectionist Age was no longer classifying him so. Partly on account of his shift to a less protectionist posture, George Reid made Quick chairman of a Royal Commission into tariffs. He held no cabinet position until 1909, when he was briefly Postmaster-General in the third cabinet under Alfred Deakin . Quick

304-771: The University of Melbourne in 1877 with a Bachelor of Laws (LLB). Quick was called to the bar in June 1878, but instead continued as a journalist. Soon, he became the Parliament reporter at The Age . In 1880 Quick was elected the Member for Sandhurst ( Bendigo ) in the Victorian Legislative Assembly . He was a supporter of the radical liberal leader Sir Graham Berry . He resigned from The Age and returned to live in Bendigo, where he practised as

342-653: The papal conclave of 1903 because of the relatively short notice and the distance, making it impossible for him to reach Rome within 10 days of the death of Pope Leo. Moran was a strong supporter of Federation, and in November 1896 attended the People's Federal Convention in Bathurst. In March 1897 Moran stood as a candidate election of ten delegates from New South Wales to the Australasian Federal Convention. Although he stated he would not attend

380-549: The " Australasian Catholic Record "). In 1869 he accompanied Cardinal Cullen to the First Vatican Council , a council also attended by Melbourne's then-first archbishop, James Alipius Goold . According to Michael Daniel, it is generally agreed that the definition of the Catholic doctrine of papal infallibility was based on Cullen's proposal, and Ayres suggests that there is strong evidence that Cullen's proposal

418-598: The Australasian Federal Convention was constructed out of Quick's plan with very little modification. In March 1897 Quick won the second of ten vacancies in Victoria's delegation to the Federal Australasian Convention, outpolling Alfred Deakin . In the Convention's proceedings, his voting pattern was characteristic of the radical strain within it, and more closely resembled that of Alfred Deakin's more than any other delegate. Nevertheless, he

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456-520: The Commonwealth , and in 1919 published The Legislative Powers of the Commonwealth and the States of Australia . After retiring in 1930, he worked on a book, which he intended to call The Book of Australian Authors , a bibliographical survey of various Australian authors, poets and playwrights. However, he died before he could complete the work. Professor E Morris Miller continued the work, which

494-541: The Convention focused on the fact that it gave no recognition of the voter's ranking of the ten candidates which the voter selected; 'We gave as much weight', Spence observed, "for the tenth man for whom we did not care, as for the first for whom we did". T.R. Ashworth, leader of the Victorian section of the Australian Free Trade and Liberal Association, reinforced this critique by noting that the fact that

532-403: The Convention in any official capacity, but in a solely individual one, his candidacy sparked a sectarian reaction. 29 per cent of voters gave one of their ten votes to Moran, but he came only thirteenth in number of total votes and was not elected. From 1900 to 1901, Moran's leadership survived a crisis when his personal secretary, Denis O'Haran, was named as co-respondent in the divorce case of

570-708: The Queensland legislature could not settle on how to choose delegates, but the other four colonies went ahead with elections according to the Quick scheme. The Enabling Act s, which the four colonies passed to regulate the election of their convention representatives, conferred the right to vote on anyone entitled to vote in their lower houses of parliament: all male British subjects over 21 years of age in New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania, and all British subjects over 21 in South Australia. The right to nominate as

608-685: The age of twelve, he left Ireland in the company of his uncle, Paul Cullen , rector of the Irish College in Rome. There Moran studied for the priesthood, first at the minor seminary and then at the major seminary . Moran was considered so intellectually bright that he gained his doctorate by acclamation . By twenty-five he spoke ten languages, ancient and modern. He focused on finding and editing important documents and manuscripts related to Irish ecclesiastical history. Some editions of his works remain important source materials to this day. He

646-562: The ballot the ten candidates they favoured, and the total of such indications (or "votes") for each candidate was then computed. The ten candidates with the ten largest totals filled the vacancies. The spectacle of one million votes cast belies the fact that the method of voting - general ticket voting - was, in the words of Catherine Helen Spence , "condemned by all thinking persons in the world", and would be extinct in any genuine democracy (outside of local government) within 25 years. Contemporary critics of general ticket method of electing

684-594: The candidacy of Cardinal Francis Moran (cardinal) , the Catholic Bishop of Sydney, who insisted he was standing only in an individual capacity, but who, declaimed the Rev. George McInnes, was "no true citizen of this country, no true subject of Her Majesty". Tickets appear to have been distinctly influential, except in Tasmania where 'tickets', according to the press, 'as a rule were held cheap' . The table records

722-419: The close of nominations and the elections. Candidates ran as individuals, and only loosely co-operated with one another. But newspapers, pressure groups, and the nascent Labor party (or Trades Hall) promoted 'lists', 'bunches' or 'tickets' of the ten candidates they favoured. These tended to reflect political divisions of the day. In Victoria the most prominent sponsors of such tickets were the protectionist Age ,

760-581: The consecration of their cathedrals. Following the 1891 encyclical Rerum Novarum , he supported the right of labourers to better their conditions. During his episcopate, Moran consecrated 14 bishops (he was the principal consecrator of William Walsh , Michael Verdon , Patrick Vincent Dwyer , Armand Olier and also assisted in consecrating Patrick Clune , among others). He ordained nearly 500 priests, dedicated more than 5,000 churches and professed more than 500 nuns. He made five journeys to Rome on church business between 1885 and 1903, but did not participate in

798-481: The demonstration of Irish Catholic power and respectable assimilation" as well as "for the affirmation of Irish Catholic solidarity". In the year 1886, it is estimated that Moran travelled 2,500 miles over land and sea, visiting all the dioceses of New Zealand . In 1887 he travelled 6,000 miles to consecrate fellow Irishman Matthew Gibney at Perth. He also travelled to Ballarat , Bathurst , Bendigo , Hobart , Goulburn , Lismore , Melbourne and Rockhampton for

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836-698: The free-trade Argus , and the Trades Hall. In South Australia the most prominent were the Liberal Union (protectionist), the Australian National League (free trade inclined) and Labor. In New South Wales Labor also ran a ticket, but the most influential tickets were United Protestant (organised by Church of England and Methodist clergy), and Orange (organised by the Loyal Orange Lodge). These tickets were precipitated by

874-438: The range of opinion amongst voters. Experience has shown general ticket voting can grossly over-reward the largest single segment of opinion in the electorate, and a simple example of 100 voters deciding 10 vacancies brings this out: if 51 voters select candidates A through J, and the remaining 49 voters select candidates K through T, then the "position type" of the 51 voters wins all ten vacancies. The operation of this phenomenon

912-630: The then Premier of Victoria Duncan Gillies . However, after an electoral redistribution , Quick lost his seat at the 1889 election. Quick had become interested in the Australian Federation movement while in the Victorian Parliament, and in the early 1890s, he successfully persuaded the Australian Natives' Association to advocate Federation. In August 1893, Quick attended a convention of Federationists,

950-592: The third Deakin Government (1909–1910). He lost his seat in 1913 and ended his public service as deputy president of the Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration (1922–1930). He was born in the parish of Towednack , near St Ives in Cornwall , England, the son of John Sr and Mary Quick. His life changed when he was 2 when his family migrated to Australia in 1854, where his father,

988-558: The votes of the forty successful candidates. H.B. Higgins, of the Age ticket, who won the tenth spot in Victoria, wrote to the eleventh-placed Henry Wrixon, of the Argus ticket, expressing his commiserations at Wrixon's failure. All successful candidates were duly sworn in at the first session of the Convention, which commenced proceedings on 22 March 1897. John Quick (politician) Sir John Quick (22 April 1852 – 17 June 1932)

1026-477: Was a prelate of the Catholic Church and the third Archbishop of Sydney and the first cardinal appointed from Australia . Moran was born at Leighlinbridge , County Carlow , Ireland , on 16 September 1830. His parents were Patrick and Alicia Cullen Moran. Of his three sisters, two became nuns, one of whom died nursing cholera patients. His parents died by the time he was 11 years old. In 1842, at

1064-548: Was an Australian lawyer, politician and judge. He played a prominent role in the movement for Federation and the drafting of the Australian constitution , later writing several works on Australian constitutional law . He began his political career in the Victorian Legislative Assembly (1880–1889) and later won election to the House of Representatives at the first federal election in 1901. He served as Postmaster-General in

1102-549: Was appointed vice-rector at the Irish College and also took the chair of Hebrew at Propaganda Fide . He was also some-time vice-rector of the Scots College in Rome. In 1866 Moran was appointed secretary to his mother's half-brother, Cardinal Paul Cullen of Dublin. Moran was also appointed professor of scripture at Clonliffe College , Dublin. He founded the " Irish Ecclesiastical Record " (on which he later modelled

1140-479: Was consulted by W. E. Gladstone prior to the introduction of his Home Rule Bills. Moran was personally chosen and promoted by Pope Leo XIII to head the Archdiocese of Sydney – a clear policy departure from the previous English Benedictine incumbents (Polding and Vaughan) who were experiencing tension leading the predominantly Irish-Australian Catholics. In the archbishop's farewell audience with Leo XIII, it

1178-514: Was created cardinal-priest on 27 July 1885 with the title of St Susanna. The new Irish-Australian cardinal made it his business to make his presence and leadership felt. Moran began transforming the Sydney St Patrick's Day festivities by inaugurating the celebration of a solemn High Mass at St Mary's Cathedral on St Patrick's Day 1885. Over time the day's events changed from an Irish nationalist and political day into an occasion "for

1897 Australasian Federal Convention election - Misplaced Pages Continue

1216-570: Was defeated in the 1913 election by the Australian Labor Party candidate, John Arthur . That year, Quick became the founding President of the first Bendigo Cornish Association. In 1922, he was appointed deputy president of the Arbitration Court, which he held until his retirement on 25 March 1930. Quick continued to be a prolific author. In 1904, along with Littleton Groom , Quick published The Judicial Power of

1254-479: Was evident enough in Victoria in 1897. Thus the candidates sponsored by both the Age and the Trades Hall won only 41 per cent of the votes, but 70 percent of the vacancies. Correspondingly, the candidates sponsored by the Argus , but not by the Age , won 24.7 percent of the vote, but none of the vacancies. Similar results occurred in South Australia and New South Wales. The campaigns were brief, there being less than two weeks, in South Australia for example, between

1292-453: Was evident that the intrigues of parties, the interference of government agencies and the influence of high ecclesiastics had made the matter almost impossible to decide by Propaganda. In the presence of others, the Pope said clearly: "We took the selection into our own hands. You are our personal appointment." Moran was appointed to Australia on 25 January 1884 and arrived on 8 September 1884. He

1330-653: Was largely drafted by Moran. While in Rome and Ireland he was very active politically in opposing English Benedictine plans for monastic foundations undergirding the Catholic Church in Australia. Moran was appointed coadjutor bishop of Ossory on 22 December 1871 and was consecrated on 5 March 1872 in Dublin by his uncle, Paul Cardinal Cullen . On the death of Bishop Edward Walsh, he succeeded as Bishop of Ossory on 11 August 1872. He championed Home Rule and

1368-532: Was not born in Australia as was required for membership of the Australian Natives' Association (ANA) he nonetheless became a member of the Sandhurst (Bendigo) branch in 1882. He as a member at the same time as Malachi Cahill . Cahill also became the chairman of his electoral committee. At the federal election of 1901 , Quick was elected to the Australian House of Representatives as Member for

1406-566: Was personally estranged from Deakin, to his later cost. When Federation was inaugurated on 1 January 1901, he was knighted in recognition of his services to the federation movement. On the same day, Quick and Robert Garran published The Annotated Constitution of the Australian Commonwealth , which is widely regarded as one of the most authoritative works on the Australian Constitution . While Quick

1444-512: Was published in 1940 as Australian Literature from its beginnings to 1935 . La Trobe University Bendigo established the annual Sir John Quick Bendigo Lecture in 1994 in recognition of Quick's contribution to Federation and his election as Bendigo's first Federal Member of Parliament. He also helped start the Australian federation. Francis Moran (cardinal) Patrick Francis Moran (16 September 1830 – 16 August 1911)

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