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51-534: The first standardised postal service was set up between Innsbruck and Mechelen , Belgium in 1490. By 1563 an extensive system of mail routes existed connecting Vienna with cities in Belgium, France, Italy, Spain and Portugal. In 1722 In Emperor Charles VI made the postal service a government monopoly and by the mid-18th century passenger carrying mail coach service began. During the 1800s letter boxes, money orders, cash-on-delivery services were introduced and

102-497: A humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfb ) using 0 °C (32 °F) isotherm or oceanic climate ( Cfb ) using the original −3 °C (27 °F) isotherm since it has larger annual temperature differences than most of Central Europe due to its location in the centre of the Continent and its position around mountainous terrains. Winters are often very cold (colder than those of most major European cities) and snowy, although

153-485: A pneumatic mail system was set up in Vienna in 1875. The first regular international airmail route between Vienna , Kraków and Lviv was established on March 31, 1918, and terminated on October 15. Three definitive stamps were overprinted "FLUGPOST" for this flight and showed that a regular airmail delivery was feasible even during wartime. Many philatelists consider this regular post delivery with aeroplanes to be

204-683: A bond referendum in 1972 to finance the Denver games, originally awarded in 1970. The 1976 Winter Olympics were the last games held in the German-speaking Alps (Austria, Germany, or Switzerland). Along with St. Moritz , Switzerland and Lake Placid, New York in the United States, it is one of three places which have twice hosted the Winter Games. It also hosted the 1984 and 1988 Winter Paralympics . Innsbruck hosted

255-490: A fine of 18 million euros ($ 20 million) on Österreichische Post for illegally using customers’ data, such as ages and addresses, to calculate a probability of which political party they might support and sell its findings. Innsbruck Innsbruck ( German: [ˈɪnsbʁʊk] ; Austro-Bavarian : Innschbruck [ˈɪnʃprʊk] ) is the capital of Tyrol and the fifth-largest city in Austria . On

306-686: A nephew of Winston Churchill . Between 1943 and April 1945, Innsbruck experienced twenty-two air raids and suffered heavy damage. In 1996, the European Union approved further cultural and economic integration between the Austrian province of Tyrol and the Italian autonomous provinces of South Tyrol and Trentino by recognizing the creation of the Euroregion Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino . Innsbruck has

357-514: Is a NGO, which provides positions for an alternative Austrian national service at 85 organizations in 35 countries worldwide in the sectors Holocaust Memorial Service , Social Service and Peace Service . It was founded by Andreas Maislinger and Andreas Hörtnagl in 1998 and is based in Innsbruck. 2012 Winter Youth Olympics The 2012 Winter Youth Olympic Games ( German : Olympische Jugend-Winterspiele 2012 ), officially known as

408-668: Is a compound of "Joggl", the Tyrolean nickname for Jakob, and YOG, the acronym of the Youth Olympic Games. He represents respect for nature, the lifestyles and geography of the host country, modernity, youth, and athleticism. The mascot was designed by Florencia Demaría and Luis Andrés Abbiati of Argentina. All of the venues are located at venue clusters in two major zones in Innsbruck and Seefeld , Olympiaworld Innsbruck and Seefeld Arena . All venues are existing with

459-873: Is home to football clubs WSG Tirol and FC Wacker Innsbruck , who play in the Austrian Bundesliga and the Austrian Landesliga respectively. Former teams include the FC Swarovski Tirol and FC Tirol Innsbruck . The teams' stadium, Tivoli Neu , is one of eight stadiums which hosted Euro 2008 , which took place in Switzerland and Austria in June 2008. The city is home to the American football team Raiders Tirol . Innsbruck hosted an American football final, Eurobowl XXII between

510-473: Is often very high as nights usually remain cool, being 12 °C (54 °F) on average, but sometimes dipping as low as 6 °C (43 °F). The average annual temperature is 9 °C (48 °F). Innsbruck is divided into nine boroughs (cadastral settlements) that were formed from previously independent municipalities or villages. These nine boroughs are further divided into twenty wards (cadastral districts). All wards are within one borough, except for

561-576: Is the first city to host three winter Olympic events, having previously hosted the 1964 Winter Olympics and the 1976 Winter Olympics . All four applicant cities were kept as candidate cities by the IOC in August 2008. Swedish skier Pernilla Wiberg was the Evaluation Chair for the commission to score the applicant cities. In November 2008, two cities ( Harbin and Lillehammer ) were cut from

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612-603: The 1st Winter Youth Olympic Games in 2012. Other notable events held in Innsbruck include the Air & Style Snowboard Contest from 1994 to 1999 and 2008 and the Ice Hockey World Championship in 2005. Together with the city of Seefeld , Innsbruck organized the Winter Universiade in 2005. Innsbruck's Bergiselschanze is one of the hills of the famous Four Hills Tournament . Innsbruck

663-540: The Alps . It was part of the Via Imperii , a medieval imperial road under special protection of the king. The revenues generated by serving as a transit station on this route enabled the city to flourish. Innsbruck became the capital of all Tyrol in 1429 and in the 15th century the city became a centre of European politics and culture as Emperor Maximilian I also resided in Innsbruck in the 1490s. The city benefited from

714-705: The Battles of Bergisel against the combined Bavarian and French forces, and then made Innsbruck the centre of his administration. The combined army later overran the Tyrolean militia army and until 1814 Innsbruck was part of Bavaria. After the Vienna Congress Austrian rule was restored. Until 1918, the town (one of the 4 autonomous towns in Tyrol) was part of the Austrian monarchy (Austria side after

765-628: The I Winter Youth Olympic Games (YOG), were an international multi-sport event for youths that took place in Innsbruck , Austria, on 13–22 January 2012. They were the inaugural Winter Youth Olympics , a major sports and cultural festival celebrated in the tradition of the Olympic Games. Approximately 1100 athletes from 70 countries competed. The decision for Innsbruck to host the Games was announced on 12 December 2008 after mail voting by 105 International Olympic Committee (IOC) members. Innsbruck

816-489: The Innsbruck S-Bahn . Innsbruck Airport is located in the suburb of Kranebitten, which is located in the west of the city. It provides services to airports including Frankfurt , London , Amsterdam and Vienna . It also handles regional flights around the Alps , as well as seasonal flights to other destinations. During the winter, activity increases significantly, due to the high number of skiers travelling to

867-471: The Nordkette served by a cable car and additional chair lifts further up. Other ski resorts nearby include Axamer Lizum , Muttereralm , Patscherkofel , Igls, Seefeld , Tulfes and Stubai Valley. The glaciated terrain in the latter makes skiing possible even in summer months. The Winter Olympic Games were held in Innsbruck twice, first in 1964 , then again in 1976 , when Colorado voters rejected

918-673: The River Inn , at its junction with the Wipp Valley , which provides access to the Brenner Pass 30 km (19 mi) to the south, it had a population of 132,493 in 2018. In the broad valley between high mountains, the so-called North Chain in the Karwendel Alps ( Hafelekarspitze , 2,334 metres or 7,657 feet) to the north and Patscherkofel (2,246 m or 7,369 ft) and Serles (2,718 m or 8,917 ft) to

969-533: The Stubaitalbahn running through the Stubai Valley to Fulpmes . The network is planned to be enlarged during the coming years to reach the neighboring village Rum in the east and Völs in the west. Numerous bus lines serve the inner city and connect it with surrounding areas. Until 2007 the bus network included two trolleybus routes, but these were abandoned in preparation for planned expansion of

1020-841: The Swarco Raiders Tirol and the Raiffeisen Vikings Vienna . The city hosted opening round games in the 2011 IFAF World Championship , the official international American Football championship. In 2018 Innsbruck hosted the IFSC Climbing World Championships 2018 from 6 to 16 September and the 2018 UCI Road World Championships from 22 to 30 September. Innsbruck is part of the Austro-Bavarian region of dialects and, more specifically, Southern Bavarian ( Südbairisch ). Irina Windhaber, professor for linguistics at

1071-569: The Thurn-und-Taxis-Post . In 1564 Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria received the rulership over Tyrol and other Further Austrian possessions administered from Innsbruck up to the 18th century. He had Schloss Ambras built and arranged there his unique Renaissance collections nowadays mainly part of Vienna's Kunsthistorisches Museum . Up to 1665 a stirps of the Habsburg dynasty ruled in Innsbruck with an independent court. In

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1122-689: The compromise of 1867 ), head of the district of the same name, one of the 21 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in the Tyrol province. The Tyrolean hero Andreas Hofer was executed in Mantua; his remains were returned to Innsbruck in 1823 and interred in the Franciscan church. Innsbruck played a part during the revolution of 1848 in Austria . In May of that year, riots in Vienna made Emperor Ferdinand to move

1173-433: The foehn wind sometimes brings pronounced thaws. Spring is brief; days start to get warm, often over 15 °C (59 °F), but nights remain cool or even freezing. Summer is highly variable and unpredictable. Days can be cool 17 °C (63 °F) and rainy, or sunny and extremely hot, sometimes hitting 34 °C (93 °F). In summer, as expected for an alpine-influenced climate, the diurnal temperature variation

1224-622: The opening ceremony in Bergiselschanze on 13 January 2012. It is the first time the Olympic flame had gone to the same city three times as Innsbruck was also the host of the Winter Olympic Games in 1964 and 1976 . Below is the list of route locations: The opening ceremony of the games took place on 13 January 2012, at 6:30 pm CET (5:30 UTC , 13 January) at Bergiselschanze . Roughly 15,000 people packed

1275-611: The " Akademisches Gymnasium Innsbruck ". The school was founded in 1562 by the Jesuit order and was the precursor of the university, founded in 1669. Innsbruck hosts several universities. The most well-known are the University of Innsbruck (Leopold-Franzens-Universität), the Innsbruck Medical University , and the university of applied sciences MCI Management Center Innsbruck . The Austrian Service Abroad

1326-534: The 1620s the first opera house north of the Alps was erected in Innsbruck (Dogana). The university was founded in 1669. Also as a compensation for the court as Emperor Leopold I again reigned from Vienna and the Tyrolean stirps of the Habsburg dynasty had ended in 1665. During the Napoleonic Wars Tyrol was ceded to Bavaria , ally of France. Andreas Hofer led a Tyrolean peasant army to victory in

1377-516: The 4th century the Romans established the army station Veldidena (the name survives in today's urban district Wilten) at Oenipons (Innsbruck), to protect the economically important commercial road from Verona - Brenner - Augsburg in their province of Raetia . The first mention of Innsbruck dates back to the name Oeni Pontum or Oeni Pons which is Latin for bridge (pons) over the Inn (Oenus), which

1428-647: The A13 terminates. Innsbruck Hauptbahnhof , the most important railway station of Innsbruck and Tyrol, is one of the busiest railway stations in Austria. It is served by the Lower Inn Valley line to Germany and eastern Austria, the Arlberg line to the west and the Brenner line , which connects northern Italy with southern Germany via the Brenner Pass . Since December 2007 suburban services have been operated as

1479-482: The Austrian population, closing supply gaps in rural areas. Bank99 offers checking accounts for private customers, services for national and international financial transactions, and credit cards. Secure international money transfers are carried out in partnership with Ria Money transfer . The company has positioned itself in opposition to direct banks, offering personal services through a network of physical locations. In 2019, Austria's data protection authority imposed

1530-450: The Games differs by sport, and are determined by the NOCs and international sports federations. The YOG featured 63 medal events over 7 sports and 15 disciplines. 63 events, there will be 3 mixed team events (Mixed-NOCs), 8 mixed team events (NOCs), 27 men's events, and 25 women's events. The top ten listed National Olympic Committees (NOCs) by number of gold medals are listed below with

1581-834: The III Corps of the First Italian Army. In 1929, the first official Austrian Chess Championship was held in Innsbruck. In 1938 Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in the Anschluss . During World War II , Innsbruck was the location of two subcamps of the Dachau concentration camp , including a special camp for prominent people from 16 countries and their families, who were held as hostages, including former Prime Minister of France Léon Blum , former regent of Hungary Miklós Horthy , former Chancellor of Austria Kurt Schuschnigg , Italian general Giuseppe Garibaldi II and

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1632-520: The UPU. In April 2020, Österreichische Post launched bank99, a credit institution that offers online services as well as personal customer support at around 1,800 service points throughout Austria. Österreichische Post owns 80% of the bank's shares, while a 20% stake is held by CAPITAL BANK – GRAWE GRUPPE AG . Post offices and postal service partners serve as distribution channels, which allows bank99 to potentially provide financial services for 99% percent of

1683-497: The Universität Innsbruck, has observed a trend among young people to choose more often Standard German language structures and pronunciation. Innsbruck is a substantial tourist centre, with more than a million overnight stays. In Innsbruck, there are 86,186 employees and about 12,038 employers. 7,598 people are self-employed. Nearly 35,000 people commute every day into Innsbruck from the surrounding communities in

1734-500: The actual start of airmail history. Postal codes were introduced nationwide in 1966. Though not in general use until 80 years later, the first postmarks were introduced in 1787 by Georg Khumer, a postmaster in Friesach identifying time and place of use, and Austria's first postage stamps were issued in 1850. Since 1986 Österreichische Post started Express mail services and is an EMS Cooperative contracted delivery agent within

1785-986: The area. The unemployment rate for the year 2012 was 4.2%. The national statistics office, Statistik Austria , does not produce economic data for the City of Innsbruck alone, but on aggregate level with the Innsbruck-Land District summarized as NUTS 3-region Innsbruck. In 2013, GDP per capita in the NUTS 3-region Innsbruck was €41,400 which is around 60% above the EU average. The headquarters of Tiroler Wasserkraft (Tiwag, energy production), Bank für Tirol und Vorarlberg (financial services), Tiroler Versicherung (insurance) and MED-EL (medical devices) are located in Innsbruck. The headquarters of Swarovski (glass), Felder Group (mechanical engineering) and Swarco (traffic technology) are located within 20 km (12 mi) from

1836-580: The city. Residential property is very expensive by national standards. The average price per square meter in Innsbruck is €4,430 (2015), which is the second highest per square meter price among Austrian cities surpassed only by Salzburg (€4,823), but followed by Vienna (€3,980). Innsbruck is located along the A12/A13 highway corridor ( Inn Valley Autobahn and Brenner Autobahn respectively), providing freeway access to Verona , Italy and Munich , Germany. The A12 and A13 converge near Innsbruck, at which point

1887-518: The emperor's presence as can be seen for example in the Hofkirche . Here a funeral monument for Maximilian was planned and erected partly by his successors. The ensemble with a cenotaph and the bronze statues of real and mythical ancestors of the Habsburg emperor are one of the main artistic monuments of Innsbruck. A regular postal service between Innsbruck and Mechelen was established in 1490 by

1938-453: The exception of the curling and biathlon venues, which will be temporary. The torch relay of the Games was announced on 9 October 2011, involving 65 sites over 18 days with some 2,012 torchbearers carrying the flame. The torch was lit on 17 December 2011 in Athens , Greece by the first torchbearer Carlos Pecharromán from Spain and the relay began in Innsbruck on 27 December 2011 and ended with

1989-551: The following events every year: In 1971, author Douglas Adams was inspired to write the internationally successful The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy series while lying intoxicated in a field in Innsbruck. From 2003 onwards each year Towel Day is celebrated worldwide on 25 May. Due to its location between high mountains, Innsbruck serves as an ideal place for skiing in winter, ski-jumping and mountaineering in summer. There are several ski resorts around Innsbruck, with

2040-411: The funicular evolves immediately to a new emblem of the city. The line was rebuilt by the Italian company Leitner, and can now carry up to 1,200 persons per hour. It is operated by a private company, the 'Innsbrucker Nordkettenbahnen'. Innsbruck is a university city, with several locally based colleges and universities. Innsbruck is home to the oldest grammar school ( Gymnasium ) of Western Austria,

2091-542: The games "exceeded all expectations and laid solid foundations for future Youth Olympic Games". In accordance with IOC guidelines, only youths aged between 14 and 19 years were able to participate in the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics. Unlike the Olympic Games, the youth athletes taking part in the YOG will be expected to stay in the host city throughout the Games to take part in an integrated sport and culture and education programme (CEP). The qualification criteria for participation in

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2142-489: The games. The athlete's village will cost roughly $ 121 million to build. Marketing for the games included sponsor BMW painting cars with the Innsbruck 2012 logo and information to spread awareness across Austria. There are twelve official worldwide partners of the International Olympic Committee such as McDonald's and Coca-Cola , which have been designated as "World Olympic Partners" by

2193-405: The list, leaving both Kuopio and Innsbruck in the running. On 12 December, the final vote was revealed to be 84 votes to 15, with Innsbruck winning the hosting rights. All venues that will be used for the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics were existing (besides the athlete's village) when Innsbruck was awarded the games in 2008. Innsbruck thus proposed a budget of $ 22.5 million USDs to host and stage

2244-446: The organizing committee for the event. The organizing committee also designated fifteen companies as official sponsors and suppliers of which include BMW and Raiffeisen Zentralbank among others. About 60% of the costs associated with the games are expected to be covered by sponsorship by the various companies. The official mascot of the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics is an anthropomorphic chamois named Yoggl (pronounced YOG). The name

2295-511: The region. The airport is approximately 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from the centre of Innsbruck. Local public transport is provided by Innsbrucker Verkehrsbetriebe (IVB), a public authority operating a network of bus and tram routes. The metre-gauge tram network consists of four city lines, 1, 2, 3 and 5, and two lines serving the surrounding area: line 6 , the Innsbrucker Mittelgebirgsbahn to Igls, and line STB ,

2346-403: The seat of government temporarily to that city. During World War I, the only recorded action taking place in Innsbruck was near the end of the war. On 20 February 1918, Allied planes flying out of Italy raided Innsbruck, causing casualties among the Austrian troops there. No damage to the town is recorded. In November 1918 Innsbruck and all Tyrol were occupied by the 20 to 22 thousand soldiers of

2397-502: The snow-filled stadium to watch the ceremony, where for the first time three cauldrons were lit (instead of the normal 1) to commemorate the previous two Winter Olympics Innsbruck has hosted ( 1964 and 1976 ). Heinz Fischer , the President of Austria declared the games open. The Closing ceremony took place on 22 January. IOC President Jacques Rogge stated that the first Winter Youth Olympic Games were "ten glorious days" and that

2448-439: The south, Innsbruck is an internationally renowned winter sports centre; it hosted the 1964 and 1976 Winter Olympics as well as the 1984 and 1988 Winter Paralympics . It also hosted the first Winter Youth Olympics in 2012. The name means "bridge over the Inn". The earliest traces suggest initial inhabitation in the early Stone Age . Surviving pre-Roman place names show that the area has been populated continuously. In

2499-529: The tram network. In December 2007, the Hungerburgbahn , a funicular service to the district of Hungerburg, was reopened after a two-year closure for extensive rebuilding, with partial realignment and a new extension under the Inn River and into central Innsbruck. The line was also equipped with new vehicles. Because of the unique design of the stations, drafted by the famous architect Zaha Hadid ,

2550-423: The ward of Hungerburg (Upper Innsbruck), which is divided between two. For statistical purposes, Innsbruck is further divided into forty-two statistical units ( Statistischer Bezirk ) and 178 numbered blocks ( Zählsprengel ). The following are the nine boroughs with the population as of 31 October 2011: The results of the 2018 local elections were: Innsbruck is a very popular tourist destination , organizing

2601-462: Was an important crossing point over the Inn river. The Counts of Andechs acquired the town in 1180. In 1248 the town passed into the hands of the Counts of Tyrol . The city's arms show a bird's-eye view of the Inn bridge, a design used since 1267. The route over the Brenner Pass was then a major transport and communications link between the north and the south of Europe, and the easiest route across

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