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42-549: The old station was opened in 1860 as the Bochum station of the Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company as part of its Witten/Dortmund–Oberhausen/Duisburg railway opened between 1860 and 1862, which was the first line built through the city of Bochum. It was located on the south-western edge of the historic centre, in the northern part of the emerging city of Bochum-Ehrenfeld, and was well-located near

84-461: A depth of 14.4 metres and a building volume of 34,000 m³. The building was built from 1954 to 1957 under the leadership of Wilhelm Bangen. On 30 May 1957, it went into provisional operation. At 4.25 AM, the first train ran. Three days later, on 2 June 1957, Bochum celebrated the electrification of the line with the Minister of Transport, Seebohm. The opening of the station in 1957 was followed, in

126-706: A takeover would have allowed the BME to develop a connection via Hamm to a German seaport via Rheine . Major expansion began in 1859 with the construction of the 106 km long Ruhr–Sieg from Hagen to Siegen and its mines. The line opened on 6 August 1861 and cost 12.9 million thalers . In 1858 it started to build its Witten–Duisburg trunk line through the Ruhr. The first section was opened between Duisburg and Hochfeld for freight trains only on 19 August 1859. The 52 km line from Bochum -Langendreer to Steele, Essen and Mülheim an der Ruhr, with connections to various coal mines,

168-473: A temporary station was established to replace the destroyed building in time for the German Katholikentag of 1949. After the opening of the current station it was used until about 1994 by Deutsche Bundesbahn as a training facility. It is now heritage-listed building. Since some years it is used as an event location. Regional and long-distance trains call at the station. It is integrated into

210-452: Is covered by a concrete roof that consists of a flattened and segmented arch, a modernist version of a barrel vault from a Roman bath. The vault is structurally integrated with a cantilevered canopy that extends over the entrance drive. The result is a gravity-defying modernist structure that also recalls a similar achievement of Roman architecture. The back of the hall leads to a transition space of ticketing functions and shops before reaching

252-710: Is named after the district of the same name, which in turn took its name from ancient Baths of Diocletian (in Latin , thermae ), which lies across the street from the main entrance. It is Italy's busiest railway station and the fifth-busiest in Europe , with a traffic volume of approximately 150 million passengers per year, and with 850 trains in transit per day. The station has regular train services to all major Italian cities, as well as daily international services to Munich , Geneva , and Vienna . 150 million passengers use Roma Termini each year and 850 trains run in and out of

294-459: Is situated on two roads leading south and is connected by the inner ring to all other arterial roads. The new station was intended to give visitors an impression of Bochum as a city open for business. Thus, high-quality shops were located nearby, for instance in the Huestraße, which connects the station and the city centre with all major city facilities. Vocational schools, industry and commerce,

336-404: Is the most important junction of the six lines of the Bochum network. The first underground level (ground-1) is a distributor level. On the second (ground-2) are the side platforms for the two narrow gauge lines, operated as the lines 306, 308, 316 and 318. On the third level (ground-3) are the tracks for lines U 35, 302, 305 and 310. Bochum Hauptbahnhof is the important station in the network, as it

378-598: Is the only underground station where one can change to all lines, except 301 (which only operates around Gelsenkirchen) and 309 (Bochum Langendreer to Witten). Bergisch-M%C3%A4rkische Railway Company The Bergisch-Markisch Railway Company ( German : Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft , BME), also referred to as the Berg-Mark Railway Company or, more rarely, as the Bergisch-Markische Railway Company ,

420-765: The County of Mark . The Bergisch-Markisch Railway Company was founded on 18 October 1843 in Elberfeld (today a city district of Wuppertal ). Since the Cologne-Minden Railway Company had decided to build its route via Duisburg rather than through the valley of the Wupper river, the Bergisch-Markisch Railway Company ( German : Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft , BME) determined to build its own line through

462-525: The InterCityExpress network, although some trains do not call at Bochum, especially so called "UrlaubsExpress" trains with destinations at German resorts, usually used by tourists only. In long-distance traffic Bochum Hauptbahnhof, is served by the following services (as of 2022): In local passenger service, Bochum is served by the following regional and S-Bahn lines (as of 2020): The six-track Bochum Stadtbahn station under Bochum Hauptbahnhof

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504-475: The Roma Termini railway station . The roof has a width of 46.50 metres and a depth of 24 metres. Despite its weight of 600 tons, it appears graceful and it makes a successful contrast with the main building. In the southern side building are facilities for handling luggage and express freight. In the floors above there are railway offices. The entire main building is four floors, with a length of 146 metres,

546-582: The BME’s trunk line. The company’s development was characterised by the acquisitions of many smaller railway companies to round out its network. However, its energetic board of directors and its chairman Daniel von der Heydt (1802–1874, later a member of the Prussian House of Lords ), despite years of effort, were not able to take over the Prussian government-owned Royal Westphalian Railway Company . Such

588-502: The Eternal City as both modern and traditional, looking forward to the future as well as remembering its history. Its bold presence in the urban fabric expresses the diversity of the city's history, and speaks of the dramatic new scale of the modern industrial economy of Italy. The anodized aluminium frieze panels set in sequence along the length of the glass wall are the work of Hungarian-Italian artist Amerigo Tot . The composition

630-971: The Wupper valley, to create a link between the highly industrialised area of the Bergisches Land with the east, particularly to connect with the Märkische coal fields, near Dortmund . The required concession for the railway was Granted by the Prussian government on 12 July 1844. A link to the Rhine in the west had already been completed in 1841 by the Düsseldorf-Elberfeld Railway Company , which had been founded in 1837. Its original, 56 km long main line ran from Elberfeld to Dortmund via Barmen (since 1929 part of Wuppertal), Schwelm , Hagen , Wetter and Witten and

672-454: The building was limited by the converging roads and railway tracks. The architect H. Ruhl, then only 22 years old, had to make use of very narrow and long plot. An initial plan envisaged the construction of a glass roof over the entrance hall and a helipad on top of the building. This was regarded by the city planners and the railway department as too futuristic, and they chose its present form. The 34,000 cubic metres of enclosed space built on

714-497: The city than the current station. In 1937, it was decided to replace the old station, as part of the planning for the 1942 World's Fair , which was never held because of the outbreak of World War II . The old station was demolished, and part of the new station was constructed, but in 1943, upon the collapse of the Italian fascist government , works were halted. The side structures of the design by Angiolo Mazzoni still form part of

756-510: The city, and, as the third line was under development, the city chose to build one central station, as opposed to the Paris model of having separate terminus stations for each line or each direction. The dilapidated Villa Montalto-Peretti, erected in the 16th century by Pope Sixtus V , was chosen as the site for this new station, which was to be called the "Stazione Centrale delle Ferrovie Romane" (Central Station of Roman Railways). Construction of

798-465: The city. Other locations were considered for the new station. A search was made for a place that was centrally located and offered enough space for a tram and bus terminal. The present location was selected after careful consideration of all aspects. The construction of the station was also the basis for changes to the urban transport system. The entire road network was focussed on the railway station. Public transport would be able to run faster, because it

840-424: The company had 768 locomotives and 21,607 wagons. Its rail network was 1,336 km long, including 720 km of double track railway. The purchase price was financed by government bonds worth 633,847,500 marks . The company was dissolved on 1 January 1886. Roma Termini railway station Roma Termini (in Italian , Stazione Termini ) ( IATA : XRJ ) is the main railway station of Rome , Italy . It

882-720: The construction of several smaller routes followed up to 1876, an extension in an easterly direction, the Upper Ruhr Valley Railway to Arnsberg , Bestwig , Brilon -Wald and Warburg and Holzminden on the Weser river. Here it connected with the line to Kassel of the Frederick William Northern Railway Company , which it took over on 17 April 1868, with its 130-kilometer line from Gerstungen via Bebra and Kassel to Bad Karlshafen for eight million thalers. After 1870

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924-415: The construction of the new station building. All the tracks and signals had to be connected to a newly built signal box, which was one of the most modern relay interlocking systems of the time. Rail services were maintained throughout the work. A total of 250,000 cubic metres of soil was moved in order to allow the railway embankment to be raised by more than 4 metres over 2.1 km. The current location of

966-617: The goal of connecting with Belgium and Netherlands through the purchase of the Aachen-Düsseldorf-Ruhrort Railway Company ’s lines for seven million thalers. In 1870, it completed the Hamm railway bridge across the Rhine in Düsseldorf-Hamm and opened the line from Dusseldorf to Neuss . This created a second connection between its networks on the east and west banks of the Rhine. In addition

1008-417: The important heavy industries such as the steel mills of Bochumer Verein and various collieries. Access to the station for passengers was not ideal and the space was inadequate for the increasing volume of traffic and was constrained by the construction of the rail triangle between the main line and the branch line to Herne-Rottbruch that opened in 1870 as well as the nearby Königsallee arterial road. After

1050-417: The late 1970s, by its first major renovation. This consisted of three elements: In 2004 to 2006, the station building was extensively renovated including the access to its facilities and platforms. The official opening of the renovated station was on 29 May 2006. The station forecourt is currently being modernised again. To leave the site of the new Hauptbahnhof at its present site as undisturbed as possible,

1092-481: The main tram lines of the city cross at Porta Maggiore , some 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) east of the station. On 23 December 2006, the station was dedicated to Pope John Paul II . On 25 February 1863, Pope Pius IX opened the first, temporary Termini Station as the terminus of the Rome–Frascati , Rome–Civitavecchia and Rome- Ceprano lines. The first two lines previously had separate stations elsewhere in

1134-585: The management of public utilities and the main post office are nearby. It has become a transportation hub, connecting the Stadtbahn (which was opened later), tram and rail transport. The central bus station was built in the square in front of the station. Following council approval of the project in June 1953, construction began in February 1954. The project involved both the building of new railway facilities and

1176-456: The nationalisation of the Bergisch-Markisch Railway Company was promulgated on 28 March 1882. At that time, the Prussian government held 64 percent of the share capital of the Company. The Prussian state railways 's Royal directorate of railways at Elberfeld (German: Königliche Eisenbahn-Direction zu Elberfeld ) took over its management with effect from 1 January 1882. At its nationalisation

1218-620: The nationalisation of the large railway companies by the Prussian state, the Bergisch-Märkisch station's name was changed to Bochum Süd to differentiate it from the Rhenish Railway Company 's station to the east of the inner city, which was renamed Bochum station . The latter was subsequently renamed Bochum Nord and became a freight yard only in the early 21st century. Bochum Süd was eventually renamed as Bochum Hauptbahnhof . The original Bochum Hauptbahnhof

1260-560: The network was extended on the west bank of the Rhine with the 66 km long line from Rheydt-Odenkirchen to Aue and Düren . During the nationalisation of the company in 1880 the company took over the 78 km railway network of the Dutch-Westphalian Railway Company from Gelsenkirchen -Bismarck to Dorsten , Borken to Winterswijk in the Netherlands, with a branch from Borken to Bocholt . The act for

1302-447: The northern side was far more than required for railway administration. It was planned to house a hotel, a cafe and cinema. These were at that time new ways of using a station. The elevated glazed structure of the station cafe is supported by columns and protrudes from the main building. The rather monotonous and massive, but light main building is complemented by the bold sweep of the butterfly-shaped canopy. This may have been inspired by

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1344-527: The permanent station began in 1868, in the last years of the Papal Temporal Power over the city of Rome, and was completed in 1874 after the Capture of Rome and installing of the government of United Italy . It was laid out according to a plan by the architect Salvatore Bianchi . The front of this station reached Via Cavour , which means it extended some 200 metres (660 ft) deeper into

1386-409: The platforms and the station building and the retaining wall. A war-time air-raid shelter was discovered under the site, with benches and chairs as well as shoes and clothes that had been forgotten after the last all-clear had been given. The cornerstone of the station building was laid in February 1954. On 12 October 1955, the ceremonial groundbreaking was held for the reception building. The space for

1428-408: The population of the city. Reconstruction of the old station, which was difficult to expand, was abandoned in favour of the development of a station closer to the central city. The central point of the reorganisation and reconstruction of the city was the relocation of the station by about 650 metres to the east from the outskirts of the city to a more favourable location near the major institutions of

1470-426: The present-day station. The current building was designed by the two teams selected through a competition in 1947: Leo Calini and Eugenio Montuori ; Massimo Castellazzi , Vasco Fadigati , Achille Pintonello and Annibale Vitellozzi . It was inaugurated in 1950. The building is characterized by the linear lobby hall, a tall space of monumental dimensions. This great hall is fronted by full-height glass walls, and

1512-495: The railway facilities was formerly occupied by the Scharpenseel Brewery, which was destroyed in the war. Next to it on a hill were allotments and a cemetery, which had Christian and Jewish graves. The approximately 800 graves were moved and the hill was removed. First, the large structures were built. These were two underpasses under ten tracks, two platform bridges, tunnels for passengers, baggage and mail between

1554-411: The station per day. With 32 platforms, Roma Termini is the joint largest railway station in Europe , tied with Paris ' Gare du Nord and Munich's München Hbf . Termini is also the main hub for public transports inside Rome. Two Rome Metro lines (A and B) intersect at Termini metro station , and a major bus station is located at Piazza dei Cinquecento, the square in front of the station. However,

1596-452: The train shed, and is topped by an even longer building block that houses a 10-story hotel, clad with travertine . Access to the platforms can be gained on the main level and also via a subterranean passageway reached by escalators, both routes currently endowed with additional security measures. Architecturally, the building expresses the sense of arrival in Rome, and communicates a sense of

1638-550: Was a German railway company that together with the Cologne-Minden Railway ( Cöln-Mindener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft , CME ) and the Rhenish Railway Company ( Rheinische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft , RhE ) was one of the three (nominally) private railway companies that in the mid-19th century built the first railways in the Ruhr and large parts of today's North Rhine-Westphalia . Its name refers to Bergisches Land and

1680-461: Was completed in 1849. In the following years the company built other main and branch lines in the Ruhr along the Hellweg an ancient highway and the Ruhr and Rhine rivers. In 1862 it opened a profitable east-west trunk line between Dortmund and Witten through Bochum - Langendreer , Essen , Mülheim an der Ruhr to Duisburg. The development of the Ruhr valley was largely a result of the opening of

1722-648: Was completed on 1 May 1862. At Steele it also connected with the northern end of the Steele–Vohwinkel railway , which had been rebuilt in 1847 from the Prince William Railway (opened as the first horse-powered railway in Germany in 1831) and acquired by the BME in 1854 for 1.3 million thalers. Logically, then its next step in 1866 was to cross the Rhine via the Ruhrort–Homberg train ferry with

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1764-483: Was located at Königsallee, a few hundred metres west of the present railway station. In the Second World War , the station was virtually destroyed in a British bombing raid, along with large parts of the city of Bochum. The reconstruction of the station was required by the city planners enable for changes in the design of the city and for the development of some major roads to cater for a significant increase in

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