73-507: Bailey Island may refer to the following places in the United States: Bailey Island (Maine) Bailey Island (South Carolina) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to
146-540: A neurosis is". Initially, Jung had aspirations of becoming a preacher or minister. There was a strong moral sense in his household and several of his family were clergymen. Jung had wanted to study archaeology, but his family could not afford to send him further than the University of Basel, which did not teach it. After studying philosophy in his teens, Jung decided against the path of religious traditionalism and decided to pursue psychiatry and medicine. His interest
219-447: A "psychoanalytical Jung" and not the theory of analytical psychology, for which he became famous in the following decades. Nonetheless, it was their publication which, Jung declared, "cost me my friendship with Freud". Another disagreement with Freud stemmed from their differing concepts of the unconscious. Jung saw Freud's theory of the unconscious as incomplete and unnecessarily negative and inelastic. According to Jung, Freud conceived
292-619: A copy of which he later sent to Freud—who had already purchased a copy. Preceded by a lively correspondence, Jung met Freud for the first time in Vienna on 3 March 1907. Jung recalled the discussion between himself and Freud as interminable, unceasing for 13 hours. Six months later, the then 50-year-old Freud sent a collection of his latest published essays to Jung in Zurich. This marked the beginning of an intense correspondence and collaboration that lasted six years. In 1908, Jung became an editor of
365-553: A decade of active publication, interspersed with overseas travels. Constance Long arranged for Jung to deliver a seminar in Cornwall in 1920. Another seminar was held in 1923, this one organized by Jung's British protégé Helton Godwin Baynes (known as "Peter") (1882–1943), and another in 1925. In 1935, at the invitation of his close British friends and colleagues, H. G. Baynes , E. A. Bennet and Hugh Crichton-Miller , Jung gave
438-506: A few days. Paul Jung, Carl's father, was the youngest son of noted German-Swiss professor of medicine at Basel , Karl Gustav Jung (1794–1864). Paul's hopes of achieving a fortune never materialised, and he did not progress beyond the status of an impoverished rural pastor in the Swiss Reformed Church . Emilie Preiswerk, Carl's mother, had also grown up in a large family, whose Swiss roots went back five centuries. Emilie
511-485: A few weeks later. The group traveled through Kenya and Uganda to the slopes of Mount Elgon , where Jung hoped to increase his understanding of "primitive psychology" through conversations with the culturally isolated residents of that area. Later he concluded that the major insights he had gleaned had to do with himself and the European psychology in which he had been raised. One of Jung's most famous proposed constructs
584-700: A head detached from the neck and floating in the air in front of the body. Jung had a better relationship with his father. Jung's mother left Laufen for several months of hospitalization near Basel, for an unknown physical ailment. His father took Carl to be cared for by Emilie Jung's unmarried sister in Basel, but he was later brought back to his father's residence. Emilie Jung's continuing bouts of absence and depression deeply troubled her son and caused him to associate women with "innate unreliability", whereas "father" meant for him reliability, but also powerlessness. In his memoir, Jung would remark that this parental influence
657-468: A part of the town of Harpswell , in Cumberland County , Maine , United States. As of the 2000 census, the island had a year-round population of 400. Bailey Island originally bore the name Newaggin , given to it by the local Abenaki Native Americans, and was first populated by European settlers in the 17th century. The first settler of the island was William Black, son of Black Will, who
730-487: A permanent 'senior' doctor at the hospital and became a lecturer Privatdozent in the medical faculty of Zurich University. In 1904, he published with Franz Riklin their Diagnostic Association Studies , of which Freud obtained a copy. In 1909, Jung left the psychiatric hospital and began a private practice in his home in Küsnacht . Eventually, a close friendship and strong professional association developed between
803-518: A research scientist at the Burghölzli psychiatric hospital, in Zurich , under Eugen Bleuler . Jung established himself as an influential mind, developing a friendship with Sigmund Freud , founder of psychoanalysis , conducting a lengthy correspondence paramount to their joint vision of human psychology. Jung is widely regarded as one of the most influential psychologists in history. Freud saw
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#1732801639016876-740: A series of lectures at the Tavistock Clinic in London, later published as part of the Collected Works . In 1938, Jung was awarded an honorary degree by the University of Oxford . At the tenth International Medical Congress for Psychotherapy held at Oxford from 29 July to 2 August 1938, Jung gave the presidential address, followed by a visit to Cheshire to stay with the Bailey family at Lawton Mere. In 1946, Jung agreed to become
949-490: A somewhat altered meaning. The collective unconscious is not so much a 'geographical location', but a deduction from the alleged ubiquity of archetypes over space and time. In November 1912, Jung and Freud met in Munich for a meeting among prominent colleagues to discuss psychoanalytical journals. At a talk about a new psychoanalytic essay on Amenhotep IV , Jung expressed his views on how it related to actual conflicts in
1022-405: A stone, which he had painted into upper and lower halves, and hid the case in the attic. Periodically, he would return to the mannequin, often bringing tiny sheets of paper with messages inscribed on them in his own secret language. He later reflected that this ceremonial act brought him a feeling of inner peace and security. Years later, he discovered similarities between his personal experience and
1095-405: A student by reading Psychopathia Sexualis by Richard von Krafft-Ebing . In 1900, Jung completed his degree and started work as an intern (voluntary doctor) under the psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler at Burghölzli Hospital. It was Bleuler who introduced him to the writings of Freud by asking him to write a review of The Interpretation of Dreams (1899). In the early 1900s psychology as a science
1168-400: A suicidal psychosis that precipitated his writing of his Red Book, his seven-volume personal diaries that were only published partially and posthumously in 2009. Eleven years later, in 2020, they were published in their entirety as his Black Books. Jung described his 1912 book as "an attempt, only partially successful, to create a wider setting for medical psychology and to bring the whole of
1241-658: A visit in nearby Zurich, an incident Jung referred to as "the Kreuzlingen gesture". Shortly thereafter, Jung again traveled to the US and gave the Fordham University lectures, a six-week series, which were published later in the year as Psychology of the Unconscious , subsequently republished as Symbols of Transformation . While they contain remarks on Jung's dissenting view on the libido, they represent largely
1314-588: A watershed in the acceptance of psychoanalysis in North America. This forged welcome links between Jung and influential Americans. Jung returned to the United States the next year for a brief visit. In 1910 Freud proposed Jung, "his adopted eldest son, his crown prince and successor", for the position of lifetime President of the newly formed International Psychoanalytical Association . However, after forceful objections from his Viennese colleagues, it
1387-462: Is also known for its statewide football game that is held every year on the island. Three prominent female psychoanalysts, Esther Harding , Eleanor Bertine, and Kristine Mann , were followers of Carl Jung and long-time summer residents of Bailey Island. Kristine Mann, known in Jung's work as ″Miss X”, was one of Jung's subjects. Jung is also known to have visited Bailey Island and to have lectured at
1460-533: Is kinship libido. Jung defined this as an instinctive feeling of belonging to a particular group or family and Jung believed it was vital to the human experience and used this as an endogamous aspect of the libido and what lies amongst the family. This is similar to a Bantu term called Ubuntu that emphasizes humanity and almost the same meaning as kinship libido, which is, "I am because you are." In December 1937, Jung left Zurich again for an extensive tour of India with Fowler McCormick. In India, he felt himself "under
1533-526: Is the only cribstone bridge in the world, which is made up of rocks, sand and gravel. A popular rumor held that there was another cribstone bridge in Scotland that was later destroyed, but no records of such a bridge have ever been found. The unique cribstone design of the bridge permits the substantial tides of that area to flow freely through it, greatly reducing the effect that flow would otherwise have on boats transiting its narrow channel opening. The Island
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#17328016390161606-691: The Bailey Island Library Hall . Kristine Mann's sister, Anna Mann Richardson , also studied with Jung and spent summers on Bailey Island. Illustrator Ida Waugh and writer Amy Ella Blanchard , lifelong companions, owned adjacent summer cottages on the island. Together, they organized the founding of a summer chapel for the Episcopal church. The chapel was completed in 1916. Frank Aydelotte , president of Swarthmore College , summered at Bailey Island where he became acquainted with Holbrook Mann MacNeille and Stephan Mann MacNeille in
1679-492: The Terry Lectures at Yale University , later published as Psychology and Religion . In October 1925, Jung embarked on his most ambitious expedition, the "Bugishu Psychological Expedition" to East Africa. He was accompanied by his English friend, "Peter" Baynes and an American associate, George Beckwith . On the voyage to Africa, they became acquainted with an English woman named Ruth Bailey, who joined their safari
1752-479: The Vedagiriswarar Temple where he had a conversation with a local expert about the symbols and sculptures on the gopuram of this temple. He later wrote about this conversation in his book Aion . Jung became seriously ill on this trip and endured two weeks of delirium in a Calcutta hospital. After 1938, his travels were confined to Europe. Jung became a full professor of medical psychology at
1825-621: The collective unconscious were inspired, in part, by these early experiences combined with his later research. At the age of 12, shortly before the end of his first year at the Humanistisches Gymnasium in Basel, Jung was pushed to the ground by another boy so hard he momentarily lost consciousness. (Jung later recognized the incident was indirectly his fault.) A thought then came to him—"now you won't have to go to school anymore". From then on, whenever he walked to school or began homework, he fainted. He remained at home for
1898-819: The 1920s. The MacNeilles were nephews of Kristine Mann and Anna Mann Richardson. With Aydelotte's encouragement, both attended Swarthmore and later went on to lead distinguished careers in physics and mathematics. Another prominent summer resident was the Civil War -era composer George Frederick Root , who died on August 6, 1895, while summering on the island. Peter P. Hill, Ph.D, "Summer Days and Childhood Shenanigans" https://maineboats.com/print/issue-145/summer-days-and-childhood-shenanigans 43°44′15″N 69°59′37″W / 43.73750°N 69.99361°W / 43.73750; -69.99361 Carl Jung Carl Gustav Jung ( / j ʊ ŋ / YUUNG ; German: [kaʁl ˈjʊŋ] ; 26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961)
1971-493: The Jungs remained shareholders in a thriving business that ensured the family's financial security for decades. Emma Jung, whose education had been limited, evinced considerable ability and interest in her husband's research and threw herself into studies and acted as his assistant at Burghölzli. She eventually became a noted psychoanalyst in her own right. The marriage lasted until Emma died in 1955. They had five children: None of
2044-567: The Skies (1959), which analyzed the archetypal meaning and possible psychological significance of the reported observations of UFOs . In 1961, he wrote his last work, a contribution to Man and His Symbols entitled "Approaching the Unconscious" (published posthumously in 1964). Jung died on 6 June 1961 at Küsnacht after a short illness. He had been beset by circulatory diseases . Among his principal distinctions are honorary doctorates from: In addition, he was: Jung's thought derived from
2117-463: The Unconscious in 1912 that led to the final break with Freud. The letters they exchanged show Freud's refusal to consider Jung's ideas. This rejection caused what Jung described in his posthumously-published autobiography, Memories, Dreams, Reflections (1962) as a "resounding censure". Everyone he knew dropped away from him, except two of his colleagues. After the Munich congress he was on the verge of
2190-496: The University of Basel in 1943, but resigned after a heart attack the next year to lead a more private life. In 1945, he began corresponding with an English Roman Catholic priest, Father Victor White , who became a close friend, regularly visiting the Jungs at the Bollingen estate. Jung became ill again in 1952. Jung continued to publish books until the end of his life, including Flying Saucers: A Modern Myth of Things Seen in
2263-426: The age of 38, Jung experienced a horrible "confrontation with the unconscious". He saw visions and heard voices. He worried at times that he was "menaced by a psychosis" or was "doing a schizophrenia". He decided that it was valuable experience and, in private, he induced hallucinations or, in his words, a process of " active imagination ". He recorded everything he experienced in small journals, which Jung referred to in
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2336-472: The children continued their father's career. The daughters, Agathe and Marianne, assisted in publishing work. During his marriage, Jung engaged in at least one extramarital relationship: his affair with his patient and, later, fellow psychoanalyst Sabina Spielrein . A continuing affair with Toni Wolff is also alleged. Jung and Freud influenced each other during the intellectually formative years of Jung's life. Jung had become interested in psychiatry as
2409-501: The classical education he received at school and from early family influences, which on the maternal side were a combination of Reformed Protestant academic theology with an interest in occult phenomena. On his father's side was a dedication to academic discipline emanating from his grandfather, the physician, scientist and first Basel Professor of Medicine, Karl Gustav Jung , a one time student activist and convert from Catholicism to Swiss Reformed Protestantism. Family lore suggested there
2482-461: The conflict, who crossed their frontier to evade capture. Jung worked to improve the conditions of soldiers stranded in Switzerland and encouraged them to attend university courses. Jung emerged from his period of isolation in the late nineteen-tens with the publication of several journal articles, followed in 1921 with Psychological Types , one of his most influential books. There followed
2555-453: The development and founding of the international altruistic, self-help movement Alcoholics Anonymous on June 10, 1935, in Akron, Ohio , a quarter of a century after James' death and in Jung's sixtieth year. For six years, Jung and Freud cooperated in their work. In 1912, however, Jung published Psychology of the Unconscious , which made manifest the developing theoretical divergence between
2628-508: The direct influence of a foreign culture" for the first time. In Africa, his conversations had been strictly limited by the language barrier, but in India, he was able to converse extensively. Hindu philosophy became an important element in his understanding of the role of symbolism and the life of the unconscious, though he avoided a meeting with Ramana Maharshi . He described Ramana as being absorbed in "the self". During these travels he visited
2701-697: The elder Freud and Jung , which left a sizeable correspondence . In late summer 1909, the two sailed for the U.S., where Freud was the featured lecturer at the twentieth anniversary celebration of the founding of Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts , the Vicennial Conference on Psychology and Pedagogy, September 7–11. Jung spoke as well and received an honorary degree. It was during this trip that Jung first began separating psychologically from Freud, his mentor, which occurred after intense communications around their individual dreams. And it
2774-492: The elder daughter of a wealthy industrialist in eastern Switzerland, Johannes Rauschenbach-Schenck. Rauschenbach was the owner, among other concerns, of IWC Schaffhausen —the International Watch Company, manufacturer of luxury time-pieces. Upon his death in 1905, his two daughters and their husbands became owners of the business. Jung's brother-in-law— Ernst Homberger —became the principal proprietor, but
2847-407: The era of the time. "Personality Number 2" was a dignified, authoritative, and influential man from the past. Though Jung was close to both parents, he was disappointed by his father's academic approach to faith. Some childhood memories made lifelong impressions on him. As a boy, he carved a tiny mannequin into the end of the wooden ruler from his pencil case and placed it inside the case. He added
2920-487: The evolutionary past of humanity and his belief that an ancient evolutionary layer in the psyche, represented by early fossil hominins, is still evident in the psychology of modern humans. In 1900, Jung moved to Zürich and began working at the Burghölzli psychiatric hospital under Eugen Bleuler . Bleuler was already in communication with the Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud . Jung's dissertation , published in 1903,
2993-710: The final disposition of what he called the Liber Novus or Red Book . Sonu Shamdasani , a historian of psychology from London, tried for three years to persuade Jung's resistant heirs to have it published. Ulrich Hoerni, Jung's grandson who manages the Jung archives, decided to publish it when the necessary additional funds needed were raised through the Philemon Foundation . Up to September 2008, fewer than about two dozen people had ever seen it. In 2007, two technicians for DigitalFusion, working with New York City publishers W. W. Norton & Company , scanned
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3066-462: The first Honorary President of the newly formed Society of Analytical Psychology in London, having previously approved its training programme devised by Michael Fordham . During the period of Jung's collaboration with Freud , both visited the US in 1909 to lecture at Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts where both were awarded honorary degrees. In 1912 Jung gave a series of lectures at Fordham University, New York which were published later in
3139-462: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bailey_Island&oldid=1193991550 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Bailey Island (Maine) Bailey Island is an island in Casco Bay , and
3212-409: The main task of human development. He created some of the best known psychological concepts, including synchronicity , archetypal phenomena , the collective unconscious , the psychological complex , and extraversion and introversion . His belief that some alcoholics may recover if they have a 'spiritual or religious experience' indirectly influenced the later founding of Alcoholics Anonymous . Jung
3285-802: The manuscript with a 10,200-pixel scanner. It was published on 7 October 2009, in German with a "separate English translation along with Shamdasani's introduction and footnotes" at the back of the book. According to Sara Corbett, reviewing the text for The New York Times , "The book is bombastic, baroque and like so much else about Carl Jung, a willful oddity, synched with an antediluvian and mystical reality." The Rubin Museum of Art in New York City displayed Jung's Red Book leather folio, as well as some of his original "Black Book" journals, from 7 October 2009 to 15 February 2010. According to them, "During
3358-574: The minister's wife liked the island, so the Baileys bribed municipal officials to find a flaw in Will's title to the island and award it to them. In any event, after Timothy Bailey and his wife took possession of the island, William Black left to live on Orr's Island . From then on, the island was known as Bailey Island. On July 27, 2020, Bailey Island was the site of Maine’s only fatal shark attack in recorded history. A 63 year-old woman from New York City
3431-519: The newly founded Yearbook for Psychoanalytical and Psychopathological Research . In 1909, Jung travelled with Freud and Hungarian psychoanalyst Sándor Ferenczi to the United States; in September they took part in a conference at Clark University in Worcester , Massachusetts. The conference at Clark University was planned by the psychologist G. Stanley Hall and included 27 distinguished psychiatrists, neurologists, and psychologists. It represented
3504-482: The next six months until he overheard his father speaking hurriedly to a visitor, about the boy's future ability to support himself. They suspected he had epilepsy . Confronted with the reality of his family's poverty, he realized the need for academic excellence. He went into his father's study and began poring over Latin grammar . He fainted three more times, but eventually overcame the urge and did not faint again. This event, Jung later recalled, "was when I learned what
3577-524: The part of the unconscious that contains memories and ideas that Jung believed were inherited from ancestors. While he did think that libido was an important source for personal growth, unlike Freud, Jung did not believe that libido alone was responsible for the formation of the core personality. In 1912 these tensions came to a peak because Jung felt severely slighted after Freud visited his colleague Ludwig Binswanger in Kreuzlingen without paying him
3650-452: The period in which he worked on this book Jung developed his principal theories of archetypes, collective unconscious, and the process of individuation." Two-thirds of the pages bear Jung's illuminations and illustrations to the text. During World War I, Jung was drafted as an army doctor and soon made commandant of an internment camp for British officers and soldiers. The Swiss were neutral and obliged to intern personnel from either side of
3723-415: The practices associated with totems in indigenous cultures , such as the collection of soul-stones near Arlesheim or the tjurungas of Australia. He concluded that his intuitive ceremonial act was an unconscious ritual, which he had practiced in a way that was strikingly similar to those in distant locations which he, as a young boy, knew nothing about. His observations about symbols, archetypes , and
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#17328016390163796-582: The psychic phenomena within its purview". The book was later revised and retitled Symbols of Transformation in 1952. Jung spoke at meetings of the Psycho-Medical Society in London in 1913 and 1914. His travels were soon interrupted by the war, but his ideas continued to receive attention in England primarily through the efforts of Constance Long who translated and published the first English volume of his collected writings. In 1913, at
3869-513: The psychoanalytic movement. While Jung spoke, Freud suddenly fainted and Jung carried him to a couch. Jung and Freud personally met for the last time in September 1913 for the Fourth International Psychoanalytical Congress in Munich. Jung gave a talk on psychological types, the introverted and extraverted type in analytical psychology . It was the publication of Jung's book The Psychology of
3942-554: The singular as his Black Book , considering it a "single integral whole", even though some of these original journals have a brown cover. The material Jung wrote was subjected to several edits, hand-written and typed, including another, "second layer" of text, his continual psychological interpretations during the process of editing. Around 1915, Jung commissioned a large red leather-bound book, and began to transcribe his notes, along with painting, working intermittently for sixteen years. Jung left no posthumous instructions about
4015-622: The two. Consequently, their personal and professional relationship fractured—each stating the other was unable to admit he could be wrong. After the culminating break in 1913, Jung went through a difficult and pivotal psychological transformation, exacerbated by the outbreak of the First World War. Henri Ellenberger called Jung's intense experience a "creative illness" and compared it favorably to Freud's own period of what he called neurasthenia and hysteria . In 1903, Jung married Emma Rauschenbach (1882–1955), seven years his junior and
4088-495: The unconscious solely as a repository of repressed emotions and desires. Jung's observations overlap to an extent with Freud's model of the unconscious, what Jung called the " personal unconscious ", but his hypothesis is more about a process than a static model and he also proposed the existence of a second, overarching form of the unconscious beyond the personal, that he named the psychoid—a term borrowed from neo-vitalist philosopher and embryologist Hans Driesch (1867–1941)—but with
4161-664: The year as Psychology of the Unconscious . Jung made a more extensive trip westward in the winter of 1924–5, financed and organized by Fowler McCormick and George Porter. Of particular value to Jung was a visit with Chief Mountain Lake of the Taos Pueblo near Taos, New Mexico . Jung made another trip to America in 1936, receiving an honorary degree at Harvard and giving lectures in New York and New England for his growing group of American followers. He returned in 1937 to deliver
4234-584: The younger Jung not only as the heir he had been seeking to take forward his "new science" of psychoanalysis, but as a means to legitimize his own work: Freud and other contemporary psychoanalysts were Jews facing rising antisemitism in Europe, and Jung was Christian . Freud secured Jung's appointment as president of Freud's newly founded International Psychoanalytical Association . Jung's research and personal vision, however, made it difficult to follow his older colleague's doctrine and they parted ways. This division
4307-403: Was 9, Jung's sister Johanna Gertrud (1884–1935) was born. Known in the family as "Trudi", she became a secretary to her brother. Jung was a solitary and introverted child. From childhood, he believed that, like his mother, he had two personalities—a modern Swiss citizen and a personality more suited to the 18th century. "Personality Number 1", as he termed it, was a typical schoolboy living in
4380-534: Was a Swiss psychiatrist , psychotherapist , psychologist and pioneering evolutionary theorist who founded the school of analytical psychology . He was a prolific author, illustrator, and correspondent, and a complex and controversial character, perhaps best known through his "autobiography" Memories, Dreams, Reflections . Jung's work has been influential in the fields of psychiatry , anthropology , archaeology , literature , philosophy , psychology , religious studies and evolutionary theory. He worked as
4453-466: Was a freed slave from Kittery, Maine . William sold the land his father had left him in the Upper Parish of Kittery and settled permanently on Bailey's Island. Because of this, the island became known as Will's Island. The story goes that in 1742, Reverend Timothy Bailey may have bought Will's Island for one pound of tobacco and a gallon of rum from William Black. In another variation of the story,
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#17328016390164526-479: Was agreed Jung would be elected to serve a two-year term of office. While Jung worked on his Psychology of the Unconscious: a study of the transformations and symbolisms of the libido , tensions manifested between him and Freud because of various disagreements, including those concerning the nature of libido . Jung de-emphasized the importance of sexual development and focused on the collective unconscious:
4599-545: Was an artist , craftsman , builder, and prolific writer. Many of his works were not published until after his death and some remain unpublished. Carl Gustav Jung was born 26 July 1875 in Kesswil , in the Swiss canton of Thurgau , as the first surviving son of Paul Achilles Jung (1842–1896) and Emilie Preiswerk (1848–1923). His birth was preceded by two stillbirths and that of a son named Paul, born in 1873, who survived only
4672-416: Was captured—it combined the biological and spiritual, exactly what he was searching for. In 1895 Jung began to study medicine at the University of Basel. Barely a year later, his father Paul died and left the family near destitute. They were helped by relatives who also contributed to Jung's studies. During his student days, he entertained his contemporaries with the family legend that his paternal grandfather
4745-622: Was during this visit that Jung was introduced to the elder philosopher and psychologist William James , known as the "Father of American psychology," whose ideas Jung would incorporate into his own work. Jung connected with James around their mutual interests in mysticism , spiritualism and psychical phenomena . James wrote to a friend after the conference stating Jung "left a favorable impression," while "his views of Freud were mixed." James died about eleven months later. The ideas of both Jung and James, on topics including hopelessness, self-surrender and spiritual experiences, were influential in
4818-466: Was fatally mauled by a confirmed Great white shark while swimming with her 27 year-old daughter. She was only 20 yards from the Bailey Island shore. The Bailey Island Bridge , which spans Will's Gut and connects Bailey Island to Orr's Island , was completed in 1928. Will's Gut is the only geographical feature that still bears the name of the original non-native inhabitant of the island. It
4891-473: Was painful for Jung and resulted in the establishment of Jung's analytical psychology, as a comprehensive system separate from psychoanalysis. Scholar Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi believed Jung's later antisemitic remarks may be a clue to the schism. Among the central concepts of analytical psychology is individuation —the lifelong psychological process of differentiation of the self out of each individual's conscious and unconscious elements. Jung considered it to be
4964-418: Was six months old. Tensions between father and mother had developed. Jung's mother was an eccentric and depressed woman; she spent considerable time in her bedroom, where she said spirits visited her at night. Though she was normal during the day, Jung recalled that at night his mother became strange and mysterious. He said that one night he saw a faintly luminous and indefinite figure coming from her room, with
5037-498: Was still in its early stages, but Jung became a qualified proponent of Freud's new "psycho-analysis". Freud needed collaborators and pupils to validate and spread his ideas. Burghölzli was a renowned psychiatric clinic in Zurich and Jung's research had already gained him international recognition. Jung sent Freud a copy of his Studies in Word Association in 1906. The same year, he published Diagnostic Association Studies ,
5110-538: Was the "handicap I started off with". Later, these early impressions were revised: "I have trusted men friends and been disappointed by them, and I have mistrusted women and was not disappointed." After three years of living in Laufen, Paul Jung requested a transfer. In 1879 he was called to Kleinhüningen, next to Basel, where his family lived in a parsonage of the church. The relocation brought Emilie Jung closer into contact with her family and lifted her melancholy. When he
5183-562: Was the illegitimate son of Goethe and his German great-grandmother, Sophie Ziegler . In later life, he pulled back from this tale, saying only that Sophie was a friend of Goethe's niece. It was during this early period, when Jung was an assistant at the Anatomical Institute at Basel University, that he took an interest in palaeoanthropology and the revolutionary discoveries of Homo erectus and Neanderthal fossils. These formative experiences contributed to his fascination with
5256-534: Was the youngest child of a distinguished Basel churchman and academic, Samuel Preiswerk (1799–1871), and his second wife. Samuel Preiswerk was an Antistes , the title given to the head of the Reformed clergy in the city, as well as a Hebraist , author, and editor, who taught Paul Jung as his professor of Hebrew at Basel University . Jung's father was appointed to a more prosperous parish in Laufen when Jung
5329-582: Was titled On the Psychology and Pathology of So-Called Occult Phenomena . It was based on the analysis of the supposed mediumship of Jung's cousin Hélène Preiswerk, under the influence of Freud's contemporary Théodore Flournoy . Jung studied with Pierre Janet in Paris in 1902 and later equated his view of the complex with Janet's idée fixe subconsciente . In 1905, Jung was appointed as
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