54-489: The Beehive Corner is a landmark in the Adelaide city centre , on the north-eastern corner of King William Street and Rundle Mall , centrally placed between the railway station and the city's shopping precinct. The name gained currency from "The Beehive", a draper 's shop opened by Brewer and Robertson from October 1849 then J.V.B. Ryley from 1850 to 1858, followed by Israel Simmons (ca.1831 – 9 June 1893) who ran
108-631: A cardinal direction grid pattern of wide streets and terraces and five large public squares: Victoria Square in the centre of the city, and Hindmarsh , Light , Hurtle and Whitmore Squares in the centres of each of the four quadrants of the Adelaide city centre. These squares occupy 32 of the 700 numbered town acre allotments on Light's plan. All east–west roads change their names as they cross King William Street, except for North and South terraces. They also alternate between being wide and narrow, 99 and 66 feet (30 and 20 m), except for
162-541: A committee of a number of prominent settlers after themselves, after early directors of the South Australian Company , after Colonisation Commissioners of South Australia (appointed by the British government to oversee implementation of the acts that established the colony), and after various notables involved in the establishment of the colony. The Street Naming Committee comprised: All members of
216-496: A major upgrade was done. The name "Tarndanya", sometimes recorded as "Dharnda anya" (or variant spelling) by colonial sources, means "red kangaroo rock" and was reportedly the name used by the Kaurna people for "the site of South Adelaide" or the central-South Adelaide area; the local people whose central camp had been "in or near Victoria Square" were called the "Dundagunya tribe" by colonial sources. Tarndanyangga/Tarntanyangga
270-599: A plan for the City of Adelaide . The design incorporated a central square to function as Adelaide's focal point and provide open space for recreational activities. On his first map, Light called the precinct "The Great Square". It was eventually named in honour of Princess Victoria , then heir to the British throne . The square was a dusty, treeless paddock until 1854, when the Adelaide City Council embarked on
324-656: A planting program, constructed four broad diagonal pedestrian paths and erected a wooden fence. The landscaping work was designed by George William Francis , later the first director of the Adelaide Botanic Garden . Other work on the square included construction of an east–west roadway that created two garden areas. A fountain was also considered, but it took a further 100 years for this idea to come to fruition. By 1883, plans were under way to extend King William Street directly through Victoria Square, dividing it into four garden areas. The original wooden fence
378-751: A progressive system of taxation, he was also one of the main architects of the White Australia policy . After the Black Lives Matter gained pace in June 2020, with various statues representing slave traders and various perpetrators of racism being removed or defaced both in the US and in the UK during the George Floyd protests , archaeologist and historian Jacinta Koolmatrie argued it is ironic that
432-640: A tradition that during the Christmas period a 24.5-metre (80 ft) tall Christmas tree is erected in the northern part of the square. The square was first named "Victoria Square" on 23 May 1837 by the Street Naming Committee, in honour of the then Princess Victoria. In line with the Adelaide City Council's recognition of Kaurna country, the square was officially referred to as Victoria Square/Tarndanyangga from 2002, modified to Victoria Square/Tarntanyangga by 2013, when Stage 1 of
486-495: A well-known landmark for fifty years in 1895 when what is essentially the present Beehive Buildings were built for the owner, Henry Martin to replace the antiquated structure. In the new design by George Klewitz Soward , four shops had frontages on King William Street and three facing Rundle Street, each 8 ft. (2.4 m) high, with jarrah floors and plastered walls and rear access and one shop 14 ft. (5.3 m) high, all having large plate-glass windows and nickel-plated columns. It
540-737: Is bordered by numerous public institutions at its north and south ends, including the Supreme Court of South Australia , the Adelaide Magistrates' Court , the Federal Court of Australia , the historic old Treasury building (now a hotel run by the Adina hotel chain) and the former Adelaide General Post Office . On the eastern side is the Roman Catholic Cathedral Church of St Francis Xavier ,
594-512: Is derived from the Kaurna word for "red kangaroo" – tarnta ( tarnda ) – and that for "rock" – kanya . The ending " -ngga " means it is a location, implying "in, at or on", which is often used in Kaurna place names. Many quarries were built on the southern bank of the Torrens, and Tarnta Kanya probably referred to one or more rock formations which were quarried, providing much of the stone for
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#1732772910471648-869: Is known as "Mad March", due to the large number of other cultural festivities at the same time, including the Adelaide 500 and WOMADelaide . North Terrace is considered Adelaide's "cultural boulevard" because it is home to the State Library of South Australia , the South Australian Museum , the Migration Museum , the Art Gallery of South Australia , the University of Adelaide , the city campus of University of South Australia , and several smaller galleries. Lonely Planet labelled Adelaide "Australia's live music city", and
702-569: Is situated in Victoria Square and was heritage listed on 8 March 2013. Sculpted by John White , it was unveiled on 4 June 1904 by Alexander McLachlan , who as chief of the South Australian Caledonian Society led fundraising efforts for its erection. Stuart led the first expedition to successfully cross the continent from north to south and back. This opened Central Australia for pastoral use and led to
756-497: Is surrounded by 6.68 square kilometres (2.58 square miles) of park lands. Within the city are five parks: Victoria Square in the exact centre and four other, smaller parks. Names for elements of the city centre are as follows: Before the British colonisation of South Australia , the Adelaide Plains , on which Adelaide was built, were home to the Kaurna group of Aboriginal Australians . The colony of South Australia
810-484: Is the central square of five public squares in the Adelaide city centre , South Australia . It is one of six squares designed by the founder of Adelaide, Colonel William Light , who was Surveyor-General at the time, in his 1837 plan of the City of Adelaide which spanned the River Torrens Valley, comprising the city centre (South Adelaide) and North Adelaide . The square was named on 23 May 1837 by
864-620: Is the reference point for all other survey marks in South Australia . The mark was unveiled on 21 April 1989, along with a commemorative plaque, by Susan Lenehan , then Minister of Lands. The east–west road connecting Grote and Wakefield Streets was named Reconciliation Plaza in 2013. The plaza hosts two flagpoles flying the Australian National Flag and the Aboriginal flag , which has flown permanently in
918-767: The Art Gallery of South Australia , the State Library of South Australia , the South Australian Museum , the Migration Museum , the Adelaide Botanic Garden , the University of Adelaide and the "CityEast" campus of the UniSA The population was 18,202 in the 2021 census , 41 percent born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were China 15.7%, India 3.7%, England 3.6%, Malaysia 3.6%, and Hong Kong 2.7%. 49.1% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Mandarin 17.8%, Cantonese 4.2%, Vietnamese 2%, Hindi 1.5%, and Korean 1.5%. The most common response for religion in Adelaide
972-530: The Charles Moore & Company department store with services operating via a loop in an anti-clockwise direction in the south-western corner. As part of the rebuilding of the square, in December 1966 the tram terminus was relocated near the centre of the square with Grote and Wakefield Streets to the north and Gouger and Angas Streets to the south. The layout remained unchanged until 1967 when
1026-567: The City of Adelaide local government area (which also includes North Adelaide and from the Park Lands around the whole city centre). The residential population was 18,202 in the 2021 census , with a local worker population of 130,404 . Adelaide city centre was planned in 1837 on a greenfield site following a grid layout , with streets running at right angles to each other. It covers an area of 4.33 square kilometres (1.67 square miles) and
1080-461: The Kaurna word for as "male red kangaroo rock", which was the name used for an area along the south bank of what is now known as the River Torrens ( Karrawiri Pari ), which flows through Adelaide. Adelaide was not as badly affected by the 1860s economic depression in Australia as other gold rush cities like Sydney and Melbourne , allowing it to prosper. Historian F.W. Crowley noted that
1134-445: The Kaurna language to each place, was mostly completed in 2003, and the renaming of 39 sites finalised and endorsed by the council in 2012. The City of Adelaide Council has defined a number of neighbourhood precincts in the city centre, each with a character of their own: In addition to these, the north-eastern side of North Terrace is often referred to as the "North Terrace cultural precinct" or "cultural boulevard", and includes
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#17327729104711188-814: The SA Water headquarters, State Government offices, including the office of the Premier, and the Torrens Building , which houses the Carnegie Mellon University . The west side of the square contains more commercially oriented buildings, including an entrance to the Adelaide Central Market , the Hilton hotel, and the offices of various consultants, law firms and insurance companies. King William Street passes through
1242-553: The Street Naming Committee after Princess Victoria , then heir presumptive of the British throne. In 2003, it was assigned a second name, Tarndanyangga (later amended to Tarntanyangga), in the Kaurna language of the original inhabitants, as part of the Adelaide City Council 's dual naming initiative. The square has been upgraded and modified several times through its lifetime. It has become
1296-602: The terminus ) for the Glenelg tram line is just south of the Queen Victoria statue; it was shifted from the centre to the western edge of the square in 2007, as part of the extension that was made to the tram line around that time. The link between the Aboriginal people and the square, as a centre for the surrounding area, stretches back many centuries, to a time when Tarndanya (Red Kangaroo Dreaming) people gathered there for special ceremonies and dances. Tarndanyangga
1350-625: The South Australian government's successful case for control over the Northern Territory . The route of his expedition also paved the way for the Overland Telegraph , which permitted virtually immediate communication between Australia and Europe. A statue of explorer Charles Sturt stands in Victoria Square. Sturt is depicted in the working clothes of an outback explorer, leaning forward, shielding his eyes from
1404-532: The central Grote and Wakefield which are extra-wide, 132 feet (40 m), along with the surrounding four terraces. In the south half of the city, in several places the Adelaide City Council has constructed wide footpaths and road markings to restrict traffic to a lesser number of lanes than the full width of the road could support. The street pairs, design widths, and town acres in Light's Vision are illustrated in this diagram: The streets and squares were named by
1458-428: The centre of the square from north to south, creating a diamond shape, with the southbound carriageway passing through the east side, and the northbound carriageway passing through the west side of the square. The square is bisected on its east–west axis by the section of road (technically part of the square) that connects Wakefield Street (entering from the east) with Grote Street (to the west). A tram stop (formerly
1512-419: The city was full of elite upper-class citizens which provided a stark contrast to the grinding poverty of the labour areas and slums outside the inner city ring. Due to its historic wealth during the 20th century, the city retains a notable portion of Victorian architecture. Adelaide is separated from its greater metropolitan area by a ring of public parklands on all sides. The so-called "square mile" within
1566-825: The city was recognised as a " City of Music " by the UNESCO Creative Cities Network in 2015. Although there were many pubs hosting live music in the CBD in past, the number has slowly diminished. Two remain very popular with musicians and patrons alike: Sydney Melbourne Brisbane Adelaide Perth Hobart Darwin Canberra 34°55′43″S 138°36′00″E / 34.92861°S 138.60000°E / -34.92861; 138.60000 Victoria Square, Adelaide Victoria Square , also known as Tarntanyangga (formerly Tarndanyangga ) ( Kaurna pronunciation: [ˈd̪̥aɳɖaɲaŋɡa] ),
1620-541: The committee (except Stephens) had one or more of the streets and squares in the Adelaide city centre and North Adelaide named after themselves. Brown Street, named for John Brown, was subsequently subsumed as a continuation of Morphett Street in 1967. In the same year, Hanson Street, named for Richard Hanson , was subsumed as a continuation of Pulteney Street . The squares were named after: The east–west streets named on 22 December 1836 were: Most of these people did not reside in or visit South Australia. The naming of
1674-560: The firm of Harrold and Kite. For over a century, "Meet you at the Beehive Corner" has been a common phrase among Adelaideans when nominating a meeting-place in the city. Forgotten today, but once a familiar landmark, "Stump's Corner", directly across King William Street from the Beehive Corner, was an earlier rendezvous , named for Alfred Stump (1860–1925), a photographer who had a prominent sign on his studio. "Muirhead's Corner", site of Emanuel Cohen 's "Monster Clothing Palace",
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1728-525: The large early buildings on North Terrace . Victoria Square/Tarndanyangga is still considered an important meeting place for Aboriginal Australians . It is the focus for many political and community-based Indigenous events, such as the National Sorry Day commemoration held by Journey of Healing (SA) on 26 May each year. Each year during NAIDOC Week in July, there is a "family fun day" held at
1782-518: The northwestern side, facing down Grote Street towards his West Adelaide electorate. It was unveiled on 26 May 1916, during World War I. It was later criticised as capturing "little of his fire". While Kingston was instrumental in bringing about several progressive social policies, such as electoral reform (including the first law to give votes to women in Australia), a legitimation Act, the first conciliation and arbitration act in Australia, and
1836-454: The park lands is defined by a small area of high rise office and apartment buildings in the centre north, around King William Street , which runs north-to-south through the centre. Surrounding this central business district are a large number of medium to low density apartments , townhouses and detached houses which make up the residential portion of the city centre. The layout of Adelaide, sometimes referred to as "Light's Vision", features
1890-732: The seat has been held by Lucy Hood of the Labor party. Adelaide's cultural and entertainment precincts/venues are generally concentrated in the city centre, including the Convention Centre ; the Adelaide Oval is just north of the Torrens within the parklands and easily accessible from the city. Most of the events relating to the Adelaide Festival and Adelaide Fringe are held within Adelaide's city centre and surrounding parklands during February and March. This time
1944-471: The shape of a crown represents the royal visit, and the fountain represents the three rivers that Adelaide draws water from: The fountain was heritage-listed as a state heritage place in 2012. Located at the northern end of the square, the State Survey Mark commemorates the placing of the first peg for the survey of the City of Adelaide by Colonel Light on 11 January 1837. This survey mark
1998-425: The shop until 1886, when his business, with many others, failed. According to one reference it had a beehive motif on the glass door portrayed in gold leaf. Nearby tenants included Edmund Wright the well-known architect, William Ekins the gunsmith and James Allen's printing shop. The name is even older – archivist G. H. Pitt found the name was chosen by the original owners to denote a busy trading centre. It had been
2052-503: The square and a march to Parliament House. The Australian Aboriginal flag was flown at Victoria Square for the first time in the country at a land rights rally in Victoria Square in Adelaide on 9 July 1971. On 8 July 2002 the Adelaide City Council endorsed the permanent flying of the flag, which now flies adjacent to the Australian flag . Victoria Square is in the centre of the city's grid plan , designed by William Light. It
2106-509: The square assumed its present diamond form. The Three Rivers Fountain by John Dowie was built to commemorate the visit of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip , in 1968. The three South Australian rivers, the Murray , Onkaparinga and Torrens , are represented by an Aboriginal male with an Ibis , a female with a heron , and a female with a black swan . On 12 July 1971, the red, black and yellow Aboriginal flag designed by Harold Thomas
2160-551: The square is a statue honouring Queen Victoria from a model by C. B. Birch , unveiled in 1894. The statue was presented to the city by Sir Edwin Smith , based on a design viewed in England in 1893. It was cast by Moore & Co. of Thames Ditton using bronze specifically made from Wallaroo and Moonta copper. Inscribed simply with "Victoria R.I.", the statue was originally unveiled by Lady Smith on 11 August 1894. The statue
2214-464: The square since 2002. In 1971, the square was the first place the Aboriginal flag was flown, at a land rights rally (see Dual naming , above). Reconciliation Plaza was officially opened on 26 May 2014 by Mayor Yarwood, Reconciliation Committee Chairperson Yvonne Agius and Journey of Healing SA Chairperson John Browne. A monument to John McDouall Stuart , one of Australia's premier explorers,
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2268-415: The streets was completed on 23 May 1837 and gazetted on 3 June. East–west streets: North–south streets: The Adelaide City Council began the process of dual naming all of the city squares, each of the parks making up the parklands which surround the city centre and North Adelaide , and other sites of significance to the Kaurna people in 1997. The naming process, which assigned an extra name in
2322-401: The sun with his right hand and peering into the distance. He carries a compass, telescope, map and water bottle. A statue of Charles Kingston , son of George Strickland Kingston and SA premier from 1893 to 1899, stands in the square with a plaque reading "patriot and statesman". British sculptor Alfred Drury was commissioned to create the statue, and it was placed in a central location on
2376-474: The windows facing King William Street, with a handsome iron verandah made by Fulton & Co. The sills of the windows facing Rundle Street were fitted with a small iron railing. The architects were English & Soward . In 1950 the prime corner section of the complex was sold to confectioner C. A. Haigh for his iconic shop ( Haigh's Chocolates ) after his leasing it for some 35 years. The neo-Gothic facade and prominent tourelle were refurbished in 1998 by
2430-712: Was " No Religion " at 52.9% of the population. At federal level, Adelaide is within the Division of Adelaide , a marginal seat which historically has alternated between the Liberal and Labor parties. It has been held since 2019 by Steve Georganas of the Labor party. In the South Australian House of Assembly , Adelaide is within the Electoral district of Adelaide . Since the March 2022 state election,
2484-458: Was built in its place. In 2012 the Adelaide City Council endorsed $ 24 million in funding to begin rejuvenating Victoria Square. Construction commenced in March 2013 and the first of two planned stages (the northern half) was completed in February 2014. The planned redevelopment of the southern half has been held up due to lack of funding. The full development included: Located in the centre of
2538-434: Was built three storeys above the pavement, and was Gothic in character, each gable finishing with crockets and a finial , and with open balustrades between them. At the main angle an ornamental turret was corbelled out, surmounted by a gilded beehive and bee and on the shaft of the turret the words 'Beehive Corner 1895' among foliage. The piers dividing the shopfronts were of Palmer granite. Sliding shutters were fitted to
2592-421: Was diagonally opposite. 34°55′22″S 138°35′59″E / 34.922857°S 138.599764°E / -34.922857; 138.599764 Adelaide city centre Adelaide city centre ( Kaurna : Tarndanya ) is the inner city locality of Greater Adelaide , the capital city of South Australia . It is known by locals simply as "the City" or "Town" to distinguish it from Greater Adelaide and from
2646-449: Was erected to commemorate the visit of Queen Elizabeth II to Adelaide in February 1963. Located at the northern end of the square, it was unveiled and first set in operation by the Duke of Edinburgh on 28 May 1968. It was later relocated to the southern end, and was officially reopened by then Lord Mayor , Stephen Yarwood , in July 2014. Sculptured by John Dowie , the centrepiece in
2700-401: Was established in 1836 at Glenelg , and the city itself established in 1837. The location and characteristic grid layout of the city and North Adelaide, as well as the surrounding parklands, were the result of the work of Colonel William Light (1786–1839), who was the first Surveyor General of South Australia . The area where the Adelaide city centre now exists was once known as "Tarndanya",
2754-423: Was flown for the first time – in Victoria Square. It now flies permanently alongside the Australian flag on one of the two tall flagpoles in the centre of the square. In 2002, the Adelaide City Council formally recognised the areas heritage by bestowing the dual name Victoria Square/Tarndanyangga. The old tram depot at the square was also demolished, so was the old SAPOL Headquarters. An SA Water office building
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#17327729104712808-417: Was replaced by ornate iron railings. A statue of Queen Victoria – who had ascended to the throne in June 1837 – was erected in the centre of the square in 1894. The statue of Colonel Light, now known as Light's Vision and since 1938 situated on Montefiore Hill , was unveiled on 27 November 1906 in its original location at the northern end of Victoria Square. The original tram terminus was located outside
2862-491: Was symbolically draped in black as a sign of mourning following the death of Queen Victoria in 1901. For many years a wreath laying ceremony was held at the foot of the statue each 24 May (or 23rd when the 24th was a Saturday), the anniversary of her birth in 1819. It was removed, cleaned and polished in May 2013 as part of the upgrade of Victoria Square and returned in December 2013 in a modified location. The Three Rivers Fountain
2916-520: Was the "headquarters" or central camp of the "Dundagunya tribe", a community numbering in the thousands. During the 1960s the Aboriginal community renewed its activities in Victoria Square, with the area in front of what was then the central Police Station, (and is now the Commonwealth Law Courts building), becoming a social and gathering point. In 1837, the first Surveyor General of South Australia , Colonel William Light , mapped
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