Misplaced Pages

#111888

74-474: The Biblioteca Palafoxiana owes its name and foundation to Juan de Palafox y Mendoza , bishop of Puebla. He was a lover of books, and is quoted as having said, He who succeeds without books is in an inconsolable darkness, on a mountain without company, on a path without a crosier , in darkness without a guide. On 6 September 1646, Palafox y Mendoza donated 5,000 of his own items to the Colegio de San Juan—which

148-527: A retablo of the Madonna of Trapani by Nino Pisano was acquired. By the mid-19th century, the size of the collection necessitated a third level of bookshelves. Two earthquakes in 1999 caused damage to the building and shelves, leading to a restoration program in 2001. The library is open Tuesday through Friday 10am-6pm and Saturday and Sunday from 10am to 6pm. The library has, since its inception, been used by any person who wishes to study. Today, it houses

222-654: A book on The Portland Vase. Pietro Bartoli indicates that the vase contained the ashes of the Roman Emperor. However, this together with the interpretations of the scenes depicted on it are the source of countless theories and disputed 'facts'. The vase remained in the Barberini family collection for some 150 years before passing through the hands of Sir William Hamilton Ambassador to the Royal Court in Naples. It

296-499: A huge riot in the main plaza of Mexico City and the ouster of the viceroy himself. The conflict between Salvatierra and Palafox, who was then acting as visitador, flared over what might seem a trivial matter, whether or not the viceroy could sit on a cushion when seated with the Audiencia. Palafox said no, since it distinguished the viceroy from the high court judges. However, the practice had been standard with earlier viceroys. Where

370-712: A long and distinguished history that predated the Spanish conquest, nor did he attribute anything spiritually special about the New World. While bishop, Palafox was the principal consecrator of Francisco Diego Díaz de Quintanilla y de Hevía y Valdés (1640), Bishop of Durango ; Fernando Montero Espinosa (1640), Bishop of Nueva Segovia ; Diego de Guevara y Estrada (1642), Archbishop of Santo Domingo ; Marcos de Torres y Rueda (1645), Bishop of Yucatán ; Juan de Mañozca y Zamora (1645), Archbishop of México ; and Diego López de la Vega (1650), Bishop of Badajoz . Palafox

444-463: A new pope; namely Laudivio Zacchia . When Urban VIII travelled to Castel Gandolfo to rest, the members of the Spanish faction met in secret and discussed ways to advance their plan. But they were discovered and the pope raced back to Rome where he immediately held a consistory and demanded to know who the new pope was. To put an end to the conspiracy, the pope decreed that all Cardinal-Bishops should leave Rome and return to their own churches. With

518-680: A palace in Rome, which he made into a luxurious Renaissance residence . Pope Paul V also later employed Barberini in a similar capacity, afterwards raising him, in 1606, to the order of the Cardinal-Priest , with the titular church of San Pietro in Montorio and appointing him as a papal legate of Bologna . Barberini was considered someone who could be elected as pope, though there were those such as Cardinal Ottavio Bandini who worked to prevent it. Despite this, throughout 29–30 July,

592-470: A papal bull, the document was not filed as such and was more than likely an encyclical ; Pope Benedict XIII eventually abrogated the tobacco ban, preferring other methods to ensuring the cleanliness of church facilities. Urban VIII canonized five saints during his pontificate: Stephen Harding (1623), Elizabeth of Portugal and Conrad of Piacenza (1625), Peter Nolasco (1628), and Andrea Corsini (1629). The pope also beatified 68 individuals, including

666-517: A role in political turmoil during the 1640s. Palafox was also named Visitador (royal inspector, representative of the king), to investigate the two previous viceroys. His retinue further included the Aragonese painter Pedro García Ferrer and the Flemish painter Diego de Borgraf . He served as Bishop of Puebla from 1640 to 1655, and as interim archbishop of Mexico from May 1642 to 1643. He

740-434: Is 6 October. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). " Juan de Palafox y Mendoza ". Catholic Encyclopedia . New York: Robert Appleton Company. Pope Urban VIII Pope Urban VIII ( Latin : Urbanus VIII ; Italian : Urbano VIII ; baptised 5 April 1568 – 29 July 1644), born Maffeo Vincenzo Barberini ,

814-632: Is enshrined at the sacristy of St. Peter's Basilica . The coronation took place on 1631 making it as the first coronation in the world. The pope created 74 cardinals in eight consistories throughout his pontificate, and this included his nephews Francesco and Antonio , cousin Lorenzo Magalotti , and the pope's own brother Antonio Marcello . He also created Giovanni Battista Pamphili as a cardinal, with Pamphili becoming his immediate successor, Pope Innocent X . The pope also created eight of those cardinals whom he had reserved in pectore . In

SECTION 10

#1732775419112

888-616: Is the huge Allegory of Divine Providence and Barberini Power painted by Pietro da Cortona on the ceiling of the large salon of the Palazzo Barberini. Another such acquisition, in a vast collection, was the purchase of the 'Barberini vase'. This was allegedly found at the mausoleum of the Roman Emperor Severus Alexander and his family at Monte Del Grano. The discovery of the vase is described by Pietro Santi Bartoli and referenced on page 28 of

962-779: The Duchy of Urbino was incorporated into the Papal dominions, and, in 1627, when the direct male line of the Gonzagas in Mantua became extinct, he controversially favoured the succession of the Duke Charles of Nevers against the claims of the Habsburgs . He also launched the Wars of Castro in 1641 against Odoardo Farnese , Duke of Parma and Piacenza , whom he excommunicated . Castro

1036-599: The Martyrs of Nagasaki (1627). He also issued the papal bulls of canonization for Ignatius of Loyola (founder of the Society of Jesus , "Jesuits") and Francis Xavier (also a Jesuit), who had been canonized by his predecessor, Pope Gregory XV. Pope Urban VIII is also known as the first pope who granted a canonical coronation towards a Marian icon. The first icon that was crowned was the La Madonna della Febbre which

1110-478: The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), and was an eventful one, even by the standards of the day. Despite an early friendship and encouragement for his teachings, Urban VIII was responsible for summoning the scientist and astronomer Galileo to Rome in 1633 to recant his work. Urban VIII was opposed to Copernican heliocentrism and he ordered Galileo's second trial after the publication of Dialogue Concerning

1184-800: The Viceroy of New Spain . He lost a high-profile struggle with the Jesuits in New Spain, resulting in a recall to Spain, to the Diocese of Osma in Old Castile . Although a case was opened for his beatification shortly after he died in 1659, he was not designated "Blessed" until 2011. Born in Navarre , Spain, Don Juan Palafox y Mendoza was the natural son of Jaime de Palafox, the Marquis of Ariaza, of

1258-617: The Aragonese nobility. His mother became a Carmelite nun. He was taken in by a family of millers who gave him the name "Juan" and raised him for ten years, after which his father recognized him, and had him educated at Alcalá and Salamanca. In 1626 he was a deputy of the nobility in the Cortes de Monzón , and later a prosecutor at the Council of War and a member of the Council of the Indies ,

1332-561: The Congregation for the Causes of Saints. On 17 January 2009, Pope Benedict XVI approved the decree of the said Congregation recognizing Palafox's heroic virtue, thus granting him the title of Venerable . On 8 January 2010, the Congregation of the Causes of Saints accepted a miracle attributed to Palafox's intercession. The decree recognizing the miracle was promulgated by Pope Benedict XVI on 27 March 2010. The cause for his beatification

1406-492: The Indians that had been kept in the capital as trophies of the Spanish conquest. He was succeeded as viceroy by García Sarmiento de Sotomayor, 2nd Count of Salvatierra on 23 November 1642, but continued to hold the post of visitador. Having a bishop serve as viceroy was not the usual pattern of appointment, but the extraordinary circumstances that prompted to crown to precipitously remove the previous viceroy meant that Palafox

1480-501: The Institute for Bibliographical Research which has been in charge of publishing "Los Impresos de la Biblioteca Palafoxiana" promoting the historical value of the collections and its museum. The Biblioteca Palafoxiana has more than 41,000 books and manuscripts, ranging from the 15th to the 20th century. It has three major collections: old books, manuscripts, and pamphlets and broadsheets. It also has nine incunabula . The oldest text in

1554-622: The Jesuits as another entity that did not respect ecclesiastical jurisdiction by paying tithes, essentially a 10% tax on agricultural production, to the Church hierarchy. In the 1640s when he took on the Jesuits, Palafox pointed out that the Jesuit order was a hugely wealthy landowner in New Spain. Jesuits claimed that the income from their haciendas went exclusively toward support of their educational institutions (colegios) and their missionary work on

SECTION 20

#1732775419112

1628-742: The Religion, Manners, and Customs of Both Nation's, but especially the Latter , appeared in London in 1676. Palafox's work, based on hearsay, was generally less informed than De bello tartarico , an eyewitness account by the Chinese-speaking Jesuit Martino Martini . His writings were published in 15 volumes in Madrid in 1762. Recently a bi-lingual edition of his observations on Mexican Indians has been published under

1702-411: The Spanish plan having failed, by 1640 the debt had reached 35 million scudi, consuming more than 80% of annual papal income in interest repayments. Urban VIII's death on 29 July 1644 is said to have been hastened by chagrin at the result of the Wars of Castro . Because of the costs incurred by the city of Rome to finance this war, Urban VIII became immensely unpopular with his subjects. On his death,

1776-753: The Tartars ) reported on the conquest of the Ming China by the Manchus , based on reports that reached Mexico by the way of the Philippines . The work was first published in Spanish in Paris in 1670; a French translation appeared the same year. An English translation, whose full title was The History of the Conquest of China by the Tartars together with an Account of Several Remarkable things, Concerning

1850-580: The Two Chief World Systems , in which Urban's point of view is argued by the character "Simplicio". Urban VIII practiced nepotism on a grand scale; various members of his family were enormously enriched by him, so that it seemed to contemporaries as if he were establishing a Barberini dynasty. He elevated his brother Antonio Marcello Barberini (Antonio the Elder) and then his nephews Francesco Barberini and Antonio Barberini (Antonio

1924-496: The Venetian envoy, wrote the following description of him: The new Pontiff is 56 years old. His Holiness is tall, dark, with regular features and black hair turning grey. He is exceptionally elegant and refined in all details of his dress; has a graceful and aristocratic bearing and exquisite taste. He is an excellent speaker and debater, writes verses and patronises poets and men of letters. Urban VIII's papacy covered 21 years of

1998-621: The Younger) to Cardinal . He also bestowed upon their brother, Taddeo Barberini , the titles Prince of Palestrina , Gonfalonier of the Church , Prefect of Rome and Commander of Sant'Angelo . Historian Leopold von Ranke estimated that during his reign, Urban VIII's immediate family amassed 105 million scudi in personal wealth. Urban VIII was a skilled writer of Latin verse, and a collection of scriptural paraphrases as well as original hymns of his composition have been frequently reprinted. The 1638 papal bull Commissum Nobis protected

2072-467: The bishop had no power in his own diocese and he would be separated from his own flock by "an alien authority". The Jesuits found an ally against Palafox in the new viceroy, García Sarmiento de Sotomayor, 2nd Count of Salvatierra . Salvatierra sought to arrest Palafox. In 1647, rather than be arrested, which might have produced an uprising in Puebla against the viceroy's abuse of authority, Palafox fled to

2146-582: The bust of Urban VIII that lay beside the Palace of the Conservators on the Capitoline Hill was rapidly destroyed by an enraged crowd, and only a quick-thinking priest saved the sculpture of the late pope belonging to the Jesuits from a similar fate. Following his death, international and domestic machinations resulted in the papal conclave not electing Cardinal Giulio Cesare Sacchetti , who

2220-530: The capital, and in the middle of the night of 9/10 June, he met with the Audiencia (high court) and laid out his suspicions. He then ordered that the viceregal palace be surrounded by guards. The following morning Viceroy López Pacheco was informed that he was under arrest and that the bishop had been named archbishop of Mexico and viceroy of New Spain. His possessions were confiscated and he was held for some time before being allowed to return to Spain. In Spain he

2294-512: The cardinals began an intense series of negotiations to test the numbers as to who could emerge from the conclave as pope, with Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi dismissing Barberini's chances as long as Barberini remained a close ally of Cardinal Scipione Borghese , whose faction Barberini supported. Ludovisi had discussions with Cardinals Odoardo Farnese , Carlo de' Medici and Ippolito Aldobrandini on 30 July about seeing to Barberini's election. The three supported his candidacy and went about securing

Biblioteca Palafoxiana - Misplaced Pages Continue

2368-541: The chief administrative body for administration of the overseas territories of the Spanish Empire . Palafox was ordained in 1629, and became the chaplain and almoner of Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress , the sister of King Philip IV of Spain . He accompanied her on her various trips around Europe. In 1639 based on Philip IV's nomination, Pope Urban VIII appointed him, Bishop of Puebla de los Ángeles and "visitador general" of Mexico. Puebla de los Ángeles

2442-498: The city. Numerous members of Barberini's family also had their likeness caught in stone by Bernini, such as his brothers Carlo and Antonio . Urban also had rebuilt the Church of Santa Bibiana and the Church of San Sebastiano al Palatino on the Palatine Hill . The Barberini patronised painters such as Nicolas Poussin and Claude Lorrain . One of the most eulogistic of these artistic works in its celebration of his reign,

2516-544: The collections of the bishops Manuel Fernández de Santa Cruz and Francisco Pablo Vázquez and the dean of the Francisco Irigoyen Cathedral were gradually added, as were volumes from Pueblan religious schools and individuals. Books confiscated from Jesuits upon their expulsion in 1767 were also added. The library was finished in 1773, consisting of a 43-meter-long vaulted hall on the Colegio's second floor. Two levels of bookshelves were built, and

2590-407: The colonial frontiers. On principle, Palafox asserted that it was the spiritual duty of all to pay the tithe, which the Jesuits steadfastly refused to do. The tithe transferred wealth from the countryside's landed estates to cities and towns, supporting the cathedral chapter, parish priests, and charitable institutions. Obviously, as a powerful bishop, Palafox would have been interested in increasing

2664-410: The continuation of Palafox's cause of beatification with the proclamation of a decree of heroic virtue; the decree was then submitted to Pope Pius VI for approbation; Pius VI, however, decided to suspend the final decision. The cause thus was suspended in 1777 and remained so until 2003, when it was restored under Pope John Paul II ; the question of the heroic virtue was returned to the consideration of

2738-557: The decrees of Urban the Eighth, I declare that I have no intention of attributing any other than a purely human authority to the miracles, revelations, favours, and particular cases recorded in this book..." Urban VIII's military involvement was aimed less at the restoration of Catholicism in Europe than at adjusting the balance of power to favour his own independence in Italy . In 1626,

2812-520: The eighteenth century, his writings were used to strengthen the case for regalist authority resulting in the expulsion of the Jesuits from Spain and Spanish territories in 1767. Some of Palafox's influential anti-Jesuit writings deal with the Chinese Rites controversy . Palafox had jurisdiction as a bishop on certain Asian missions, but - according to Costa Rican scholar Ricardo Martínez Esquivel -

2886-523: The episcopal authority of the Catholic Church against secular authority, the position that Palafox advocated when he served in Mexico. Popes have considerable authority to delay or fast track causes for beatification and canonization. While Pope John Paul II often announced beatifications during papal visits, Benedict XVI discontinued the practice of going to the announced beatifications in person in

2960-724: The existence of Jesuit missions in South America by forbidding the enslavement of natives who were at the Jesuit Reductions . At the same time, Urban VIII repealed the Jesuit monopoly on missionary work in China and Japan , opening these countries to missionaries of other orders and missionary societies. In response to complaints in the Diocese of Seville , Urban VIII issued the letter Cum Ecclesiae , dated 30 January 1642, that made use of tobacco in holy places punishable by excommunication. While often described as

3034-463: The fictional Grantville priest, Larry Mazzare, a cardinal), and in 1635: The Cannon Law , 1635: The Papal Stakes , and 1636: The Vatican Sanction . He is somewhat less favorably presented in Galileo's Dream by Kim Stanley Robinson . He is a sinister character in the radio play In Praise of Evil by David Pownall, first broadcast on BBC Radio in 2013. The play features an imaginary meeting between

Biblioteca Palafoxiana - Misplaced Pages Continue

3108-427: The greatest respect, but also "preserve the authority and superiority of the head" i.e., the president/viceroy. Two members of the Audiencia rejected his reforms, and he suspended them from office. Palafox also raised twelve companies of militia to protect the colony against the spread of revolution from Portugal and Catalonia , which was in revolt against the Spanish monarchy. He destroyed the pagan religious statues of

3182-536: The home locale. The ceremony for the beatification of Palafox was overseen by the Papal Legate, Cardinal Angelo Amato, Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints. Juan de Palafox was finally proclaimed Blessed on 5 June 2011. The rite of beatification was presided over by Cardinal Angelo Amato , Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of the Saints, by mandate of Pope Benedict XVI. Palafox's feast day

3256-471: The influence of his uncle, was able to secure from Pope Clement VIII appointment as a papal legate to the court of King Henry IV of France . In 1604, the same pope appointed him as the Archbishop of Nazareth , an office joined with that of Bishop of the suppressed Dioceses of Canne and Monteverde, with his residence at Barletta . At the death of his uncle, he inherited his riches, with which he bought

3330-564: The library is the Nuremberg Chronicle dated 1493. Juan de Palafox y Mendoza Juan de Palafox y Mendoza (26 June 1600 – 1 October 1659) was a Spanish politician, administrator, and Catholic clergyman in 17th century Spain and a viceroy of Mexico . Palafox was the Bishop of Puebla (1640−1655), and the interim Archbishop of Mexico (1640−1642). He also held political office, from 10 June 1642 to 23 November 1642 as

3404-585: The main reason he declared the Jesuit's tolerance for traditional ancestor worship practices among Chinese converts to Christianity as heretic was "his personal conflict" with the Jesuits. Palafox founded the Biblioteca Palafoxiana , the first public library in the Americas , on 5 September 1646, donating his own collection of 5,000 books to the College of San Juan to start the collection. It

3478-427: The mountains outside the city. The move was calculated to show the crown that the situation in New Spain was grave, that the viceroy and the Jesuits were challenging the rightful place of episcopal authority. In that he failed and was ultimately humiliated by being recalled to Spain. Palafox laid formal complaints against the Jesuits at Rome . The pope , however, refused to approve his censures, and all he could obtain

3552-506: The papacy's longstanding political and military influence in Europe . He was also an opponent of Copernicanism and was involved in the Galileo affair , which saw the astronomer tried for heresy. He is the last pope to date to take the pontifical name Urban . Maffeo Vincenzo Barberini was born in April 1568, the son of Antonio Barberini , a Florentine nobleman, and Camilla Barbadoro. He

3626-402: The papal bull Sanctissimus Dominus Noster of 13 March 1625, Urban instructed Catholics not to venerate the deceased or represent them in the manner of saints without Church sanction. It required a bishop's approval for the publication of private revelations. Since the nineteenth century, it has become common for books of popular devotion to carry a disclaimer. One read in part: "In obedience to

3700-404: The performance of power and its prerogatives was important not as minor traditions but as the theater of power, such a conflict was seated in deeper issues. Following the example of an earlier Spanish ecclesiastic in Mexico, Juan González de Mendoza , Juan de Palafox y Mendoza authored a book on China. His Historia de la conquista de la China por el Tartaro ( History of the Conquest of China by

3774-513: The purposes of making cannon and the baldacchino in St Peter's, massive bronze girders were pillaged from the portico of the Pantheon leading to the well known lampoon: quod non fecerunt barbari, fecerunt Barberini, "what the barbarians did not do, the Barberini did." Urban VIII expended vast sums bringing polymaths like Athanasius Kircher to Rome and funding various substantial works by

SECTION 50

#1732775419112

3848-447: The revenue from Jesuit tithes, but also in asserting episcopal authority over that order. In 1647, the diocese of Puebla ordered all Jesuits to produce licenses from the diocese to preach and hear confession, something that was required under canon law and empowered bishops. The Jesuits asserted they needed no such licenses, that they could exercise such powers without special permission of a bishop. Palafox wrote that if this were true, that

3922-796: The sculptor and architect Bernini , from whom he had already commissioned Boy with a Dragon around 1617 and who was particularly favored during Urban VIII's reign. As well as several portrait busts of Urban , Urban commissioned Bernini to work on the family palace in Rome, the Palazzo Barberini , the college of the Propaganda Fide , the Fontana del Tritone in the Piazza Barberini , the baldacchino and cathedra in St Peter's Basilica and other prominent structures in

3996-399: The support of others, which led to Barberini's election just over a week later. On 6 August 1623, at the papal conclave following the death of Pope Gregory XV , Barberini was chosen as Gregory XV's successor and took the name Urban VIII. His coronation had to be postponed until 29 September 1623 since the new pontiff was ill at the time of his election. Upon Pope Urban VIII's election, Zeno,

4070-482: The tithes, which exacerbated his poor relations with the Jesuits. The cathedral was dedicated 18 April 1649. As bishop, Palafox y Mendoza distinguished himself by his efforts to protect the Native Americans , forbidding any methods of conversion other than persuasion. Despite being well disposed toward the indigenous, he showed no interest in their history, which others of that era used to bolster notions of

4144-464: The title Virtues of the Indian/Virtudes del Indio . In 1694 Charles II of Spain petitioned for his canonization . The decree allowing the introduction of the cause of beatification was approved by Pope Benedict XIII in 1726, granting Palafox the title of Servant of God . In 1758, under Pope Benedict XIV , the procedure for the approval of Palafox's writings was initiated. The process

4218-625: The viceroy of being in league with Portugal , then at war with Spain to restore its independence following the Iberian Union ; the viceroy was a cousin of the Duke of Braganza , since acclaimed king as John IV of Portugal . One scholar has characterized the suspicion of the viceroy's conspiring with rebels as being based on "slender evidence". Bishop Palafox claimed to have orders from the Crown, although he did not show them. He arrived secretly in

4292-515: The viceroyalty, but the viceroy himself was protected from the inspector-general's inquiries, thus undermining his ability to pursue effective reform. Palafox's general mission was "to increase efficiency in government, strengthen royal authority, maximize the extraction of resources, and improve the administration of the viceroyalty", especially toward increasing the revenues for the crown. Blocked from effective reform, Palafox broke with Viceroy Diego López Pacheco Cabrera y Bobadilla in 1642, accusing

4366-443: Was a brief from Pope Innocent X (on 14 May 1648), commanding the Jesuits to respect the episcopal jurisdiction. On 20 May 1655, Palafox and the Jesuits signed an accord, but disagreements continued. In the same year the Jesuits succeeded in securing his transfer to the see of Osma in Old Castile . Although Palafox's ecclesiastical career went into eclipse, his writings against the Jesuits were subsequently published in France and in

4440-404: Was a massive increase in papal debt. Urban VIII inherited a debt of 16 million scudi , and by 1635 had increased it to 28 million. According to contemporary John Bargrave , in 1636 members of the Spanish faction of the College of Cardinals were so horrified by the conduct of Pope Urban VIII that they conspired to have him arrested and imprisoned (or killed) so that they could replace him with

4514-420: Was a useful, if temporary, replacement until the crown appointed his successor. The high tension between the new viceroy, Salvatierra, and bishop and visitador general Palafox was not unprecedented however. In 1624 the viceroy the marquis of Gelves had ordered the expulsion of the archbishop from the viceroyalty, in clear terms the civil authority challenging the ecclesiastical. That earlier conflict had resulted in

SECTION 60

#1732775419112

4588-413: Was acquitted of the charges against him. During his brief term as viceroy, Palafox established the laws governing the University, the Audiencia , and the legal profession. Palafox considered a key duty of the viceroy was to serve as president of the Audiencia, the high court, the seat of justice. Palafox wrote that the viceroy as president of the Audiencia should prudently treat the judges ( oidores ) with

4662-480: Was an enthusiastic patron of the arts, and it was during his tenure in Puebla that the city became the musical center of New Spain. Composers such as Juan Gutierrez de Padilla , maestro di capilla of the cathedral under Palafox and the most famous seventeenth century composer in Mexico, brought the latest European music styles to the New World. Palafox also strongly believed in education in general. As visitador general, Bishop Palafox had powers to inspect practices in

4736-436: Was born at Barberino Val d'Elsa in "Tafania" house. His father died when he was only three years old and his mother took him to Rome , where he was put in the charge of his uncle, Francesco Barberini, an apostolic protonotary . At the age of 16, he became his uncle's heir. He was educated by the Society of Jesus ("Jesuits"), and received a doctorate of law from the University of Pisa in 1589. In 1601, Barberini, through

4810-435: Was closely associated with some members of the Barberini family. Instead, it elected Cardinal Giovanni Battista Pamphili, who took the name of Innocent X , as his successor at the papal conclave of 1644 . Urban VIII is a recurring character in the Ring of Fire alternative history hypernovel by Eric Flint et al. where he is favorably portrayed. He is especially prominent in 1634: The Galileo Affair (in which he makes

4884-426: Was continued under the Pontificates of Clement XIII and Clement XIV . However, though the process passed through the preliminary stages, securing for Palafox the title of Servant of God , the cause was in effect blocked under Pope Pius VI through the intervention of the Jesuits. A vote by the Congregation then responsible for the cause was taken on 28 January 1777 and twenty-six out of forty one prelates favored

4958-405: Was destroyed and its duchy incorporated into the Papal States. Urban VIII was the last pope to extend the Papal territory. He fortified Castelfranco Emilia on the Mantuan frontier and commissioned Vincenzo Maculani to fortify the Castel Sant'Angelo in Rome. Urban VIII also established an arsenal in the Vatican, an arms factory at Tivoli and fortified the harbour of Civitavecchia . For

5032-457: Was embroiled in a major controversy with the Jesuits over ecclesiastical jurisdiction that eventually cost him his post as Bishop of Puebla de los Ángeles. The Spanish crown was moving to displace mendicant orders from their populous and lucrative doctrinas in central Mexico, and replace them with parishes staffed by secular (diocesan) clergy with benefices rather than mendicants. He was largely successful in doing so in Puebla. He then targeted

5106-443: Was founded by him—on the condition that they be made available to the general public. He wrote that "it is very useful and convenient that there should be in this city and kingdom a public library, where all sorts of people will be able to study as they wish". More than a century later, Francisco Fabián y Fuero ordered the construction of the premises which currently house the Biblioteca Palafoxiana. He donated his own collection, and

5180-517: Was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 August 1623 to his death, in July 1644. As pope , he expanded the papal territory by force of arms and advantageous politicking, and was also a prominent patron of the arts, commissioning works from artists like Gian Lorenzo Bernini and a reformer of Church missions. His papacy also covered 21 years of the Thirty Years' War . The massive debts incurred during his pontificate greatly weakened his successors, who were unable to maintain

5254-444: Was later sold to the Duke of Portland , and has subsequently been known as the Portland Vase . Following catastrophic damage, this glass vase (1-25BC) has been reconstructed three times and resides in the British Museum . The Portland vase itself was borrowed and near copied by Josiah Wedgwood who appears to have added modesty drapery. The vase formed the basis of Jasperware . A consequence of these military and artistic endeavours

5328-723: Was supported by the Diocese of Osma-Soria in Spain, where he spent the last years of his life and ecclesiastical career, following his unsuccessful struggle with the Jesuits in his Diocese of Puebla in New Spain (Mexico). As the long process for holy recognition of Palafox by the Vatican, stretching from the late seventeenth century to the early twenty-first, it is clear that there were authorities opposed to his cause. The cause for his beatification likely found favor with John Paul II and his successor Benedict XVI. Both popes strongly advocated for

5402-620: Was the first public library in the Americas. He also founded the Dominican Convent of Santa Inés, the Colleges of San Pedro and San Pablo, and the girls school Purísima Concepción. He amended the by-laws of the seminary of San Juan. When Palafox arrived in Puebla he carried with him a real cédula dated January 19, 1640 that ordered the long-delayed completion of the cathedral . To finance the resumed construction, Palafox increased

5476-688: Was the second largest city in the Viceroyalty of New Spain (viceroyal México) then, and is the present day City of Puebla . He was consecrated Bishop in Madrid on 27 December 1639. He left for America and arrived in Veracruz on 24 June 1640. He was in the company of the new Viceroy of New Spain , Diego López Pacheco, 7th Duke of Escalona , whom he had gotten to know during the voyage. That same ship brought an Irishman, William Lamport , known in New Spain as Don Guillén de Lombardo y Guzmán, who played

#111888