68-625: The Brendon Hills are a range of hills in western Somerset , England. The hills merge level into the eastern side of Exmoor and are included within the Exmoor National Park . Iron ore and other minerals have been extracted for industrial purposes, primarily by the Brendon Hills Iron Ore Company in the later half of the 19th century. The Brendon Hills are largely formed from the Morte Slates ,
136-624: A "Myth of the Month" section on its website between 2007 and 2010, which it described as "exposing the various myths about 'health and safety'". This has become a political issue in the UK. The Lord Young report , published in October 2010, recommended various reforms aiming "to free businesses from unnecessary bureaucratic burdens and the fear of having to pay out unjustified damages claims and legal fees." The HSE focuses regulation of health and safety in
204-469: A 25 inches (640 mm) Cornish beam engine was installed around 1868 to pump water out of the mine. The mines provided employment for an average of 245 people between 1873 and 1882. Accommodation was also built for the mine workers. Though sometimes productive, no nineteenth century iron mine on the Brendon Hills was profitable and the venture as a whole was financially ruinous. From 1852 to 1883
272-416: A Withypool mining company started transporting ore by traction engine to Minehead to be shipped north, but this ended in October. The Somerset Mineral Syndicate added this to their portfolio of Colton and Timwood and built a rope worked incline powered by a stationary engine to lower ore to the road. The workings were prospected but the ore sent to Minehead was almost all from the stockpile. This iron mine
340-514: A depth of 257 feet (78 m) with four levels and two shallow secondary drifts, known as Richard's Pit. This site survived in production until all mining ceased across the Brendons in 1883. Portable pumping machinery was used and ore was carted to the railhead at Gupworthy . This mine is sometimes referred to as Kennisham Hill. A Roman coin was found in old workings at Kennesome Hill, suggesting great age. In Victorian times it had been worked on
408-486: A little over three quarters of a million tons of usable ore was delivered to Ebbw Vale, each ton costing the company £1.25 to produce and deliver for which it received 75p. Net losses amounted to £762,000. Furthermore, the industry as a whole was prone to boom and bust, with a sharp decline from the early 1880s acting as the coup-de-grace. In 1907 another venture, the Somerset Mineral Syndicate, leased
476-401: A secondary summit several kilometres to the southeast at 1,350 feet (411 m). Both points are marked by Ordnance Survey trig points and are located within enclosed farmland. Early versions of the name include Brunedun and Brundon reflecting an original name of Bruna or Brune , meaning 'brown one'. Dun is a common Old English word for a fairly flat and extensive hill. This name
544-464: A siding off the WSMR. Work started on the mine in 1866 and it closed in 1883. The adit was horizontal into the hillside. In 1877 the company was fined for failing to provide proper ventilation, proper fencing and proper drying facilities for miners' clothes. As well as ore lifted from the mine itself the site served for periods as railheads for ore from Kennesome Hill and Bearland Wood mines. Neither route
612-404: A small scale before 1867. In 1871 "Curtis's Drift" was started, reaching 100 feet (30 m) by September 1874. Considerable development took place at Kennesome Hill, including an aerial ropeway (referred to locally as the "Flying Machine") to convey output to a siding next to Langham Hill pit, where it was tipped into WSMR wagons. This arrangement lasted until 1876, after which ore was taken from
680-522: A thick faulted and folded sequence of Devonian age sedimentary rocks. An east-west aligned anticline / syncline pair known as the Brendon Anticline and Brendon Syncline folds these rocks. The fold couplet is itself offset by displacement of the rocks on the NNW-SSE aligned Timberscombe Fault System. Over the centuries they have been mined for minerals, notably ironstone from which iron
748-460: A ventilation flue where a chimney stack was built above the mine's upward shaft and a coal-fired furnace was placed at the foot of the chimney. The furnace sucked air from the mine shaft which sucked fresh air from the lateral adit in turn. The air flow was guided by wooden ducts so that it always passed through areas where men worked. Miners extended or redirected the ducts as the working faces moved. This method long predated steam pumps, but as Morgans
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#1732771970901816-436: A vertical depth of 94 feet (29 m) in 1858. Mining in the area before this time had been sufficiently small scale for horse-drawn cartage of ore to be sufficient, but "the mines at Gupworthy and Raleigh's Cross .. proved the existence of good ore in workable quantities" making industrial-scale transport necessary, this in turn led to the formation the WSMR company ( royal assent was granted on 16 July 1855) and construction of
884-832: Is based in Sheffield , South Yorkshire . The Offshore Safety Division (OSD) was established as a division within HSE in April 1991. This was in response to recommendations of the Cullen Inquiry into the Piper Alpha disaster on 6 July 1988. At the time of the disaster, the Department of Energy (DEn) was responsible for both production and offshore safety; this was perceived as entailing a conflict of interests. Dr Tony Barrell, Director of HSE's Technology and Air Pollution Division
952-402: Is evidence of ancient mining at Colton, with the main site visible on maps just over 3 km ENE of Brendon Hill . The site was investigated in 1847, but throughout the period up to 1875 when the WSMR was flourishing Colton mine was described as "insignificant", though in the early 1880s, just as the whole Brendon venture was on the point of collapse, output was increasing and an extra siding on
1020-601: Is extracted for making steel . Where lodes of iron ore reached the surface they were worked using bell pits from Roman times . In the mid-nineteenth century, the proprietors of the Ebbw Vale Iron Works acquired an interest in iron ore deposits in the Brendon Hills. Iron ore had been known there for centuries but not exploited industrially until the Brendon Hills Iron Ore Company was formed in 1853. Initially goethite / hematite
1088-483: Is extracted for making steel . During the 19th century this activity reached a peak with the West Somerset Mineral Railway , including an 800 feet (244 m) incline, being built to take the ore to Watchet from where it was sent to Ebbw Vale for smelting . The main mining operations ended when the mines were worked out towards the end of the 19th century. The hills are on the route of
1156-647: Is not connected with the village of Brendon in Devon, the name of which has a different origin. The terrain is broken by a series of deeply incised streams and rivers running roughly southwards to meet the River Haddeo , a tributary of the River Exe . The hills are quite heavily cultivated unlike their neighbouring upland areas of Exmoor and the Quantock Hills . The Brendon Hills are largely formed from
1224-738: The Coleridge Way and are also crossed by the Samaritans Way . HM Inspectorate of Mines The Health and Safety Executive ( HSE ) is a British public body responsible for the encouragement, regulation and enforcement of workplace health, safety and welfare . It has additionally adopted a research role into occupational risks in the United Kingdom . It is a non-departmental public body with its headquarters in Bootle , England. In Northern Ireland , these duties lie with
1292-887: The Health and Safety Executive for Northern Ireland . The HSE was created by the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 , and has since absorbed earlier regulatory bodies such as the Factory Inspectorate and the Railway Inspectorate though the Railway Inspectorate was transferred to the Office of Rail and Road in April 2006. The HSE is sponsored by the Department for Work and Pensions . As part of its work, HSE investigates industrial accidents, small and large, including major incidents such as
1360-422: The Morte Slates , a thick faulted and folded sequence of Devonian age sedimentary rocks. An east-west aligned anticline / syncline pair known as the Brendon Anticline and Brendon Syncline folds these rocks. The fold couplet is itself offset by displacement of the rocks on the NNW-SSE aligned Timberscombe Fault System. Over the centuries they have been mined for minerals , notably ironstone from which iron
1428-448: The 1850s the mine was referred to as the "Tone mine". This iron mine was served by a 310 yards (280 m) branch off the WSMR, which was relayed early in 1876. It was one of the mines which Ebenezer Rogers examined when he started the major development of the Brendon Hills orefield in the 1850s, crystallised by the formation of the Brendon Hills Iron Ore Company in 1853. The workings at Raleigh's Cross were progressively deepened, reaching
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#17327719709011496-414: The Brendons, aiming to do on a grand scale what some mines had done on a smaller scale at the top, i.e. drill horizontally into the hillside (or even better, drill at a gentle upward slope to drain water and assist tramming ore and waste) until it encountered veins of ore previously worked from above at Carew and Raleigh's Cross mines. This approach had been suggested but not tried in 1854. It sought to reduce
1564-651: The Executive. The Railway Inspectorate was transferred to HSE in 1990. On 1 April 2006, the Executive ceased to have responsibility for railway safety, when the Railway Inspectorate was transferred to the Office of Rail Regulation (now the Office of Rail and Road). The Executive is responsible for the Employment Medical Advisory Service , which operates as part of its Field Operations Directorate. Local authorities are responsible for
1632-446: The HSE is that their regulations are over-broad, suffocating, and part of a nanny state . The Daily Telegraph has claimed that the HSE is part of a " compensation culture ," that it is undemocratic and unaccountable, and that its rules are costing jobs. However, the HSE denies this, saying that much of the criticism is misplaced because it relates to matters outside the HSE's remit. The HSE also responded to criticism by publishing
1700-574: The Health and Safety Commission merged on 1 April 2008. Chairs: Chief Executives: Some of the criticism of HSE has been that its procedures are inadequate to protect safety. For example, the public enquiry by Lord Gill into the Stockline Plastics factory explosion criticised the HSE for "inadequate appreciation of the risks associated with buried LPG pipework…and a failure properly to carry out check visits". However, most criticism of
1768-559: The Mines Captain, Morgan Morgans , decided to drive a new adit, which proved very successful, yielding 12000 tons of brown Haematite which was taken to Langham Hill pit by an incline operated by horse powered whims . The ore was loaded on to WSMR wagons at Langham Hill. This incline was abandoned in 1866–7 when Bearland Wood mine was joined underground with Langham Hill pit. Mines on the tops of hills are usually sunk from above, with adits for drainage or access driven laterally to
1836-616: The Sheffield activities moved to Buxton, and the University of Sheffield took over the Sheffield laboratory site. It now operates as an agency carrying out scientific research and investigations (e.g. on the Buncefield fire ) for the HSE, other government agencies and the private sector. HM Inspectorate of Mines is responsible for the correct implementation and inspection of safe working procedures within all UK mine workings. It
1904-484: The Syndicate to provide ballast to gravity work the incline and, in 1909, hardcore infill for the timber jetty at Watchet. Only faint traces of the mine remain, visible only to the knowing eye. This iron mine was also known as "Smoky Bottom mine". It had closed by 1867. All traces have been removed or landscaped. The workings at Timwood are sometimes referred to as "Timwood adit" or simply "Timwood". Timwood tunnel
1972-556: The United Kingdom. The intention of the HSE is to pass responsibility of operating the register to the relevant trade & professional bodies once the register is up and running. The HSE currently administers the Building Safety Regulator (BSR), a regulator of safety standards in buildings. List of directors general: The HSE and the Health and Safety Commission merged on 1 April 2008. The HSE and
2040-624: The WSMR and so close to its level that wagons could be hand worked to a movable crossing over the WSMR line then tipped direct into wagons bound for the harbour, thereby avoiding multiple handling. Apart from small amounts discovered while pursuing their main target, this method of working remained an aspiration, because the Syndicate ran out of money in 1909, it had many costs and almost no income. It voted to be wound up on 24 March 1910 and its assets were auctioned off on 28 June that year, with Timwood's tunnel 1,600 feet (490 m) long "but still well short of ore-bearing ground". Unlike mine buildings at
2108-555: The WSMR was sought but not started. When the Somerset Mineral Syndicate Ltd attempted to resurrect mining and the WSMR from 1907 to 1910 it reopened Colton mine, but entered it through what had been a drainage adit in Galloping Bottom, some distance north west and downhill of the original workings. This location meant that whilst underground costs might have been reduced, it was difficult to get
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2176-402: The WSMR's remaining assets were auctioned in 1924 the trackbed through the pit was sold to local landowners. Some remains were identifiable in 1964, but in 2011 "not a wrack remains save for a datestone of 1864, rescued from the engine house." This mine is sometimes referred to, perhaps ironically, as "California". With others it closed in 1879, but reopened later in the year, eventually reaching
2244-489: The WSMR, it is sometimes referred to as "New Langham Mine". It was the last new mine in the area when it opened around 1875. It closed in 1883. Almost no trace remains of the mine's existence. This iron mine was operated independently of the Ebbw Vale Company near Withypool , west of the Brendon Hills. It operated from about 1875 to 1881 then briefly in 1895, leaving a large bank of ore stockpiled on site. In 1907
2312-473: The area its engine house was not demolished for its stone and still stood into the 1970s. Its state, however, was "parlous", so the Forestry Commission blew it up on 7 March 1978, leaving only the pumping engine's granite base as a memorial, albeit at some distance from the site of the mine. By 2011 this block was all which remained to show the mine had ever existed. This iron mine was served by
2380-462: The buildings have now been scheduled as an ancient monument . Carnarvon and Raleigh's Cross mines were both very wet. Complex interlocking drainage and flood prevention features were installed. This iron mine was next to the WSMR, on the opposite side from Carnarvon New Pit. It is sometimes referred to as "Old Carnarvon Pit". It closed in the early 1860s. This iron mine is sometimes referred to as "Coltonpits" and occasionally as "Colton Pits". There
2448-403: The cost and effort involved in pumping water and raising ore to the surface only to lower it down again using the incline to Comberow. It came at the price of having to drill much further to reach ore and carried an increased risk of not reaching ore at all. As at Colton the workings at Timwood used 16 in ( 406 mm ) gauge hopper wagons underground, but the mine entrance was so close to
2516-464: The enforcement of health and safety legislation in shops, offices, and other parts of the service sector. Agencies belonging to the HSE include Based in Buxton , Derbyshire, the Health and Safety Executive Science Division (HSL- Health & Safety Laboratory) employs over 350 people including scientists, engineers, psychologists, social scientists, health professionals, and technical specialists. It
2584-589: The establishment of the Safety Case Regulations; a thorough review of existing safety legislation and the move towards a goal setting regulatory regime. OSD became part of the HSE's new Hazardous Installations Directorate in 1999; it became part of the new Energy Division in 2013. The HSE currently administers the Occupational Safety & Health Consultants Register ( OSHCR ), a central register of registered safety consultants within
2652-493: The explosion and fire at Buncefield in 2005. Though it formerly reported to the Health and Safety Commission , on 1 April 2008, the two bodies merged. The Executive's duties are to: The Executive is further obliged to keep the Secretary of State informed of its plans and ensure alignment with the policies of the Secretary of State, giving effect to any directions given to it. The Secretary of State can give directions to
2720-416: The faintest traces of the workings, incline and narrow gauge railway can be detected. Eisen Hill is named "Ison Hill" on OS maps and sometimes "Eyson Hill" elsewhere. This iron mine opened in 1854 and stuttered to an end by 1877, with patchy result between. The mine was in soft ground which warranted different mining techniques. The company had a powder magazine and three cottages near the mine, one of which
2788-489: The hill top, those at Timwood were small and appeared temporary, none being built of stone or brick. The Robey steam engine from the incline winding house was installed to drive the compressor which powered the drills used to create holes for explosive charges. A second small building served as a smithy and the third was a mess and a dry for miners' clothes. The mine has left no visible evidence above ground. This iron mine, also known as "Floriel Hill Mine" and "Florey Hill mine",
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2856-412: The hillside from the ore, coal or other target mineral. Bearland Wood mine was worked the other way round, with vertical working following lateral boring. Bearland Wood faced the universal mining problem of ventilation in a way which was both very old and radically new. Most industrial age mines were drained and ventilated using pumps, typically powered by steam engines. Morgans equipped Bearland Wood with
2924-641: The main loser was the Ebbw Vale Company. In the midst of this the Ebbw Vale company covered the Langham Hill engine house foundations with the pit tip, landscaping the site to appease Insole. Remarkably, this had a beneficial outcome, as it "preserved" the foundations so that when the Exmoor National Park Authority excavated them in 1995–8 they were found to be in good order. They can be visited to this day. Before its expansion in
2992-609: The mine to Gupworthy by a 660 yards (600 m) horse-drawn tramway. The mine closed with its neighbours in 1879, but re-opened later the same year, going on with the Gupworthy pits to become the most productive of the orefield's final years; it closed for good in September 1883. In November 1877 the company was fined for not providing a proper platform for workers at the mine. The mine had a permanent rotary steam engine for both pumping and winding. Unlike most other such buildings in
3060-440: The mine to a depth of 110 feet (34 m), but considerable machinery was needed to drain the mine's eventual depth of 692 feet (211 m) (achieved in 1879, the year the orefield first closed) and to wind ore to the surface. Raleigh's cross mine was the only one in the orefield to require an engine for each role. The engine which wound ore to the surface was mounted in the first floor of the substantial pithead buildings, it pulled
3128-470: The mine was surveyed in 1883 the shaft was flooded. Carew's ore was a target for the 1907 venture at Timwood Tunnel, but that venture failed before any ore was reached. All that can be seen in modern times is a small disturbance on the surface near a car park. This iron mine was served by a siding off the WSMR, on the opposite side of the line from Carnarvon Old Pit. It opened in 1866 and initially yielded good ore in quantity, but it closed in 1882. The ruins of
3196-412: The mine's narrow gauge tramway wagons along the sloping drift out of the ground and onto a platform above a standard gauge siding so the ore could be tipped directly into wagons beneath. The same building also housed a heated room for miners to dry their clothes and a Miners' Literature Institute. Raleigh's Cross and the two Carnarvon mines formed the nucleus of the mining community of Brendon Hill. In
3264-497: The mines closed the Ebbw Vale Company not only had to bear considerable losses but it also became liable for duties and charges it had entered into in the heady early days when the Brendon Hills seemed like Klondyke. James Insole , owner of the Chargot Estate, entered litigation with the company for costs associated with the cessation of mining. This eventually went to arbitration, where the main beneficiaries were lawyers and
3332-482: The ore to the WSMR. The original idea was to build an aerial ropeway , but a wholly new 2 ft ( 610 mm ) gauge tramway was built instead. This incorporated a 600 yards (550 m) incline to get the ore up to the top of the hill, followed by a two-mile run (including a timber viaduct) to Brendon Hill where the ore was tipped into standard gauge wagons which were lowered down the larger incline then hauled to Watchet harbour . The aim of developing Colton mine
3400-565: The railway and resumed mining. Several of the structures associated with the mines can still be seen. These include the ironstone mine ventilation flue in Chargot Wood, and the remains of the Carnarvon New Pit. Many mines have been recorded on the hills. The following operated at various times between 1837 and 1909. This mine is sometimes referred to as "Baker's mine" or simply "Bakers". Primarily aimed at Manganese, this pit
3468-423: The railway itself, which was in full operation to Raleigh's Cross by March 1861. The mine was substantial both above and below ground. In 1857 an extensive and expensive adit was driven from the lower workings to emerge from the hillside below Sea View House. This involved extensive trialling of a tunnel boring machine which proved "greatly underpowered and in danger of knocking itself to pieces". This adit drained
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#17327719709013536-420: The years up to 1867 Raleigh's Cross and Carnarvon New had produced over 100,000 tons of ore, peaking at an output of 400 tons per week. At Raleigh's Cross in 1856 two men, both until recently agricultural labourers, attempted to tamp a black powder explosive charge with an iron instead of wooden rod. A spark ensued, detonating the charge; one of the men died and the other was badly injured. The coroner's verdict
3604-474: Was "accidental death". Raleigh's Cross and its neighbours were wet mines, necessitating extensive works, plant, interconnections and flood countermeasures. The mine closed abruptly along with its neighbours in 1879, but reopened later the same year. It finally succumbed in 1882, followed by complete closure of the orefield in 1883. The branch to the site was lifted in 1884 and the engines dismantled and sent to Ebbw Vale for reuse. The mine buildings were blown up by
3672-583: Was appointed Chief Executive of OSD, having previously been seconded to the DEn to lead the transfer of responsibilities. At the same time, Ministerial oversight was transferred from the DEn to the Department of Employment. The Offshore Safety Act 1992 made the Mineral Workings (Offshore Installations) Act 1971 and its subsidiary Regulations relevant statutory provisions of the Health and Safety at work etc., Act 1974. The OSD's initial responsibilities included
3740-541: Was brought to the surface and the mine allowed to flood. Some plant was returned to South Wales, most eventually went for scrap. Closing the mine gave the WSMR an additional problem, as the only water crane south of the incline was fed from Gupworthy Old pit. The crane and header tank were moved to Brendon Hill. Gupworthy old pit had a permanent engine house, where a boy was killed in an explosion in November 1881. The miners' cottages were referred to as "The Square". When
3808-536: Was erecting it at Bearland Wood the Mines Inspector at Risca Colliery (near where Morgans had been a colliery manager) declared steam pumps to be unsatisfactory and ordered their older ventilation furnaces to be reinstated. The ventilation flue at Bearland Wood is a scheduled monument . Its conservation was supported by the Heritage Lottery Fund . This iron mine was served by a siding off
3876-762: Was established in 1921 under the Safety in Mines Research Board to carry out large-scale tests related to mining hazards. Following the formation of the HSE, in 1975 the facilities became a Safety Engineering Laboratory and an Explosion and Flame Research Laboratory, operating as part of the Research Laboratories Service Division of the HSE. In 1995 the HSL was formed, including the Buxton site and laboratories in Sheffield. In 2004
3944-474: Was extracted and later unoxidised siderite . At an altitude of over 1,000 feet (300 m) and remote from usable roads, the company needed a form of transport to get the ore to South Wales . The West Somerset Mineral Railway , which included a 0.75 miles (1.21 km) long gravity worked incline on a gradient of 1 in 4, was built to take the ore to Watchet Harbour where it was loaded onto ships to be sent to Ebbw Vale for smelting . At Burrow Farm Mine
4012-543: Was one of the few which reopened later that year, reaching its maximum depth of 427 feet (130 m) in November 1882, only to close with the rest of the orefield in June 1883. The WSMR built a branch to serve the pit, with a siding to bring coal to the engine house. By 2011 no visible trace of the pit remained. In 1863–4, the WSMR built is western extension through this iron mine's pit yard, which rivalled that at Raleigh Cross in size. It had been taken over and revived in 1852 and
4080-495: Was said in the mid-1850s to have "good ore in workable quantities" which significantly exceeded pre-railway haulage capacity, leading to stockpiles. In the area's mid-1870s "peak years" the principal contributors were Raleigh's Cross mine and Gupworthy old pit. It closed with its neighbours in 1879, being one of the few which re-opened later that year. The mine reached its maximum depth of 461 feet (141 m) in October 1881, closing with its neighbours in June 1883. On closure machinery
4148-450: Was served by a siding off the West Somerset Mineral Railway (WSMR). It was an early pit latterly developed and briefly productive in iron ore in the years 1881–2, but it closed in May 1883. Scant evidence remains that the pit ever existed. The first adit was started at this iron mine in 1854, aiming to work towards Gupworthy. Little ore was found and working had ceased by 1864. Later that year
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#17327719709014216-463: Was served by a siding off the WSMR. It closed around 1868. The shell of its engine house, which was moved lock, stock and barrel from Langham Hill mine, stands today, the ore field's only engine house to do so. Sinking the shaft of this iron mine may have started in 1865. The last ore appears to have been raised in 1871. A photograph shows that ore from Carew was handled separately by the WSMR so that charges and income could be allocated accordingly. When
4284-465: Was straightforward. Ore travelled from Kennesome Hill via an aerial ropeway , thereby crossing a sharp, deep valley and ore travelled up from Bearland Wood via an incline operated by horse powered whims . The mine had a substantial stone and slate engine house with a rotary beam pumping and winding engine. In 1878–9 the machinery and its engine house were dismantled, moved to Burrow Farm mine and re-erected, leaving bare foundations at Langham Hill. When
4352-455: Was sunk in 1866, but little development work was undertaken. It continued to give regular, three-figure quarterly tonnages until it closed in April 1876. Brendon Hills The Brendon Hills are a range of hills in west Somerset , England . The hills merge level into the eastern side of Exmoor and are included within the Exmoor National Park . The highest point of the range is Lype Hill at 1,388 feet (423 m) above sea level with
4420-412: Was sunk in 1875 and, whilst seven levels were developed, little ore was found. In Jones' words it "never amounted to much." It had closed by 1883. A Liverpool syndicate investigated the mine in 1907, employing around a dozen men, but nothing came of it. Only a small mound remains to suggest any workings ever took place. Digging started on this iron mine in 1871. In 1879 it closed with its neighbours, but
4488-455: Was the last venture in the orefield. It was the brainchild of the Somerset Mineral Syndicate Ltd which was formed on 11 March 1907 to work mines and lease the WSMR to carry output to Watchet harbour . The syndicate took over Blackland and Colton mines, as described above, and started new workings at Timwood. The Syndicate expected Timwood to be its prize asset. It was the only mine at the foot of
4556-592: Was to give an income until the Syndicate's main hope - Timwood - started to produce, but output was disappointing (a mere 4800 tons of ore was raised in 1908-10) and what ore was produced caked furnaces and proved almost unsaleable. In desperation the Syndicate erected plant at Washford to turn the poor ore into briquettes , thereby reducing volume, mass and impurities, but the undercapitalised venture failed in 1909 and all mining ceased, including Colton. The Syndicate voted to be wound up on 24 March 1910 and its assets were auctioned off on 28 June that year. in modern times only
4624-407: Was used as the mine offices. The WSMR took the first steps towards seeking powers to extend their line from Gupworthy (where at least some Eisen Hill output was transferred to their rails) to Joyce's Cleeve to tap their product, but its poor prospects and their financial straits led them to back off. No buildings survive. This iron mine is sometimes referred to as "Yeanon" or "Yennan". A trial shaft
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