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55-472: Gali may refer to: Gali (Urdu: گلی ) refers to an alley or alleyway which is a narrow pedestrian lane in a city or a mountain path or a mountain valley. Galyat is plural of Gali . The following are some Galayat in Pakistan : Alley An alley or alleyway is a narrow lane , path , or passageway, often reserved for pedestrians , which usually runs between, behind, or within buildings in

110-403: A "true Lyonnais" requires being knowledgeable about the city's traboules. Nowadays, traboules are tourist attractions, and several are free and open to the public. Most traboules are on private property, serving as entrances to local apartments. Many, if not most, of the underground passages have been blocked off and are currently used as storage areas. Other former traboules remain accessible to

165-681: A glass roof was added later. Early examples of a shopping arcades include: Palais Royal in Paris (opened in 1784); Passage de Feydeau in Paris (opened in 1791). Most arcades differ from alleys in that they are architectural structures built with a commercial purpose and are a form of shopping mall . All the same alleys have for long been associated with various types of businesses, especially pubs and coffee houses . Bazaars and Souqs are an early form of arcade found in Asia and North Africa. Some alleys are roofed because they are within buildings, such as

220-479: A group of houses connected by the lane. Shinjuku Golden Gai ( 新宿ゴールデン街 ) is a small area of Shinjuku , Tokyo , Japan , famous both as an area of architectural interest and for its nightlife. It is composed of a network of six narrow alleys, connected by even narrower passageways which are just about wide enough for a single person to pass through. Over 200 tiny shanty-style bars, clubs and eateries are squeezed into this area. Its architectural importance

275-506: A hutong, and then joining one hutong to another. The word hutong is also used to refer to such neighbourhoods. During China's dynastic period , emperors planned the city of Beijing and arranged the residential areas according to the social classes of the Zhou dynasty (1027–256 BC). The term "hutong" appeared first during the Yuan dynasty , and is a term of Mongolian origin meaning "town". At

330-453: A passage, court, place, lane, and less commonly path, arcade , walk, steps , yard, terrace, and close. While both a court and close are usually defined as blind alleys, or cul-de-sacs , several in London are throughways, for example Cavendish Court, a narrow passage leading from Houndsditch into Devonshire Square, and Angel Court, which links King Street and Pall Mall . Bartholomew Close

385-403: A small bar at street level and either another bar or a tiny flat upstairs, reached by a steep set of stairs. None of the bars are very large; some are so small that they can only fit five or so customers at one time. The buildings are generally ramshackle, and the alleys are dimly lit, giving the area a very scruffy and run-down appearance. However, Golden Gai is not a cheap place to drink, and

440-588: A time. It is the narrowest alley in London and runs for 200 yards (180 m), connecting St Martin's Lane with Bedfordbury in Covent Garden. Close by is another very narrow passage, Lazenby Court, which runs from Rose Street to Floral Street down the side of the Lamb and Flag pub; in order to pass people must turn slightly sideways. The Lamb & Flag in Rose Street has a reputation as the oldest pub in

495-444: Is vicolo . Venice is largely a traffic free city and there is, in addition to the canals, a maze of around 3000 lanes and alleys called calli (which means narrow). Smaller ones are callètte or callesèlle , while larger ones are calli large . Their width varies from just over 50 centimetres (19.7 in) to 5–6 metres (196.9–236.2 in). The narrowest is Calletta Varisco, which just 53 centimetres (20.9 in); Calle Stretta

550-455: Is 65 centimetres (25.6 in) wide and Calle Ca' Zusto 68 centimetres (26.8 in). The main ones are also called salizada and wider calli , where trade proliferates, are called riga , while blind calli , used only by residents to reach their homes, are ramo . Cities such as Amsterdam and Groningen have numerous gangen or stegen . They often run between the major streets, roughly parallel to each other but not at right angles to

605-545: Is a narrow winding lane which can be called an alley by virtue of its narrowness, and because through-access requires the use of passages and courts between Little Britain, and Long Lane and Aldersgate Street. In an old neighbourhood of the City of London , Exchange Alley or Change Alley is a narrow alleyway connecting shops and coffeehouses . It served as a convenient shortcut from the Royal Exchange on Cornhill to

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660-657: Is a popular music festival that began in 2004 in Melbourne's laneways. The lanes and arcades of Perth , Western Australia are together becoming culturally significant to the city. In 2007 modification to Liquor Licensing Regulations in Western Australia opened up the opportunities for small bars. This was followed in August 2008 by the City of Perth formally adopting a laneways enhancement strategy, "Forgotten Spaces – Revitalising Perth's Laneways". In Belgium

715-489: Is a spacious pedestrian street with Victorian shop-frontages that links Charing Cross Road with St Martin's Lane , and it is sometimes used as a location by film companies. One of the older thoroughfares in Covent Garden , Cecil Court dates back to the end of the 17th century. A tradesman's route at its inception, it later acquired the nickname Flicker Alley because of the concentration of early film companies in

770-619: Is curved. In fact, most wynds are straight. In many places wynds link streets at different heights and thus are mostly thought of as being ways up or down hills. Traboule The first examples of traboules are thought to have been built in Lyon in the fourth century. Lacking water, the inhabitants moved to the banks of the Saône (in the 'lower town', at the foot of the Fourvière hill). The traboules thus allowed them to get from their homes to

825-537: Is home to many lanes and arcades. These laneways date mostly from the Victorian era , and are a popular cultural attraction for their cafes, bars and street art. The city's oldest laneways are a result of Melbourne's original urban plan, the 1837 Hoddle Grid , and were designed as access routes to service properties fronting the CBD's major thoroughfares. St Jerome's Laneway Festival , often referred to simply as Laneway,

880-514: Is in danger. Hẻm/Ngõ alleyways are a Vietnamese vernacular urban planning typology, common in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi . Sydney features a series of laneways in its central business district that have been used to provide off-street vehicular access to city buildings and alternative pedestrian routes through city blocks , in addition to featuring street art , cafes, restaurants, bars and retail outlets. The Rocks has

935-526: Is nevertheless famous for its medieval history. The Lintgasse was first mentioned in the 12th century as in Lintgazzin , which may be derived from basketmakers who wove fish baskets out of Linden tree barks. These craftsmen were called Lindslizer , meaning Linden splitter . During the Middle Ages , the area was also known as platēa subri or platēa suberis , meaning street of Quercus suber ,

990-519: Is often left untranslated in Chinese addresses, but may also be translated as "lane", and "tang" is a parlor or hallway. It is sometimes called lilong (里弄); the latter name incorporates the -li suffix often used in the name of residential developments in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. As with the term hutong, the Shanghai longdang can either refers to the lanes that the houses face onto, or

1045-462: Is only 40 centimeters (16 inches) wide. The Shanghai longtang is loosely equivalent to the hutong of Beijing . A longtang (弄堂 lòngtáng , Shanghainese : longdang ) is a laneway in Shanghai and, by extension, a community centred on a laneway or several interconnected laneways. On its own long (traditional Chinese 衖 or 弄, simplified Chinese 弄) is a Chinese term for "alley" or "lane", which

1100-426: Is that it provides a view into the relatively recent past of Tokyo, when large parts of the city resembled present-day Golden Gai, particularly in terms of the extremely narrow lanes and the tiny two-storey buildings. Nowadays, most of the surrounding area has been redeveloped. Typically, the buildings are just a few feet wide and are built so close to the ones next door that they nearly touch. Most are two-storey, having

1155-415: Is the generic Scots term for alleyways, although they may be individually named closes, entries, courts and wynds. Originally, a close was private property, hence gated and closed to the public. A wynd is typically a narrow lane between houses, an open throughway, usually wide enough for a horse and cart. The word derives from Old Norse venda , implying a turning off a main street, without implying that it

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1210-451: Is used in two main ways: In landscaping , an allée or avenue is traditionally a straight route with a line of trees or large shrubs running along each side. In most cases, the trees planted in an avenue will be all of the same species or cultivar , so as to give uniform appearance along the full length of the avenue. The French term allée is used for avenues planted in parks and landscape gardens, as well as boulevards such as

1265-756: The Grand Allée in Quebec City , Canada, and Karl-Marx-Allee in Berlin . In older cities and towns in Europe, alleys are often what is left of a medieval street network, or a right of way or ancient footpath . Similar paths also exist in some older North American towns and cities. In some older urban development in North America lanes at the rear of houses, to allow for deliveries and garbage collection, are called alleys. Alleys and ginnels were also

1320-595: The Rue de la Cigogne/Ooievaarstraat . The old town of Lübeck has over 100 Gänge , particularly leading off the streets Engelswisch, Engelsgrube and Glockengießerstraße, as well as around the cathedral. Some are very low as well as narrow, and others open into more spacious courtyards ( Höfe ). Spreuerhofstraße is the world's narrowest street , found in the city of Reutlingen , Baden-Württemberg , Germany . It ranges from 31 centimetres (12.2 in) at its narrowest to 50 centimetres (19.7 in) at its widest. The lane

1375-701: The traboules of Lyon , or when they are a pedestrian passage through railway embankments in Britain. The latter follow the line of rights-of way that existed before the railway was built. The Burlington Arcade (1819) was one of London's earliest covered shopping arcades. It was the successful prototype for larger glazed shopping arcades, beginning with the Saint-Hubert Gallery (1847) in Brussels and The Passage (1848) in St Petersburg ,

1430-633: The Court. The first film-related company arrived in Cecil Court in 1897, a year after the first demonstration of moving pictures in the United Kingdom and a decade before London's first purpose-built cinema opened its doors. Since the 1930s it has been known as the new Booksellers' Row as it is home to nearly twenty antiquarian and second-hand independent bookshops . It was the temporary home of an eight-year-old Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart while he

1485-603: The Croix-Rousse quarter. It is one of the landmarks of the Canut Revolts ( canut is a local term for silk workers) and it is also the oldest reinforced concrete stairwell in Lyon. The layout of Vieux Lyon is such that there are very few connecting streets running perpendicular to the river. The traboules allowed workmen and craftsmen to transport clothes and other textiles through the city while remaining sheltered from inclement weather. For many inhabitants, being

1540-594: The Latin trans ambulare , meaning "to cross", and the first of them were possibly built as early as the 4th century. As the Roman Empire disintegrated, the residents of early Lyon— Lugdunum , the capital of Roman Gaul —were forced to move from the Fourvière hill to the banks of the river Saône when their aqueducts began to fail. The traboules grew up alongside their new homes, linking the streets that run parallel to

1595-525: The Post Office on Lombard Street and remains as one of a number of alleys linking the two streets. The coffeehouses of Exchange Alley, especially Jonathan's and Garraway's, became an early venue for the lively trading of shares and commodities . These activities were the progenitor of the modern London Stock Exchange . Lombard Street and Change Alley had been the open-air meeting place of London's mercantile community before Thomas Gresham founded

1650-655: The Royal Exchange in 1565. In 1698, John Castaing began publishing the prices of stocks and commodities in Jonathan's Coffeehouse, providing the first evidence of systematic exchange of securities in London. Change Alley was the site of some noteworthy events in England's financial history, including the South Sea Bubble from 1711 to 1720 and the panic of 1745. In 1761 a club of 150 brokers and jobbers

1705-567: The alley is a mere 90 cm (35 inches) wide, making it the narrowest street in Stockholm. The alley is named after the merchant and burgher Mårten Trotzig (1559–1617), who, born in Wittenberg , emigrated to Stockholm in 1581, and bought properties in the alley in 1597 and 1599, also opening a shop there. According to sources from the late 16th century, he was dealing in first iron and later copper, by 1595 had sworn his burgher oath, and

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1760-403: The area, though records are not clear. The first mention of a pub on the site is 1772. The Lazenby Court was the scene of an attack on the famous poet and playwright John Dryden in 1679 by thugs hired by John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester , with whom he had a long-standing conflict. In the same neighbourhood Cecil Court has an entirely different character than the two previous alleys, and

1815-519: The clientele that it attracts is generally well off. Golden Gai is well known yokocho　and meeting place for musicians, artists, directors, writers, academics and actors, including many celebrities. Many of the bars only welcome regular customers, who initially should be introduced by an existing patron, although many others welcome non-regulars, some even making efforts to attract overseas tourists by displaying signs and price lists in English. Golden Gai

1870-821: The cork oak tree. Lintgasse 8 to 14 used to be homes of medieval knights as still can be seen by signs like Zum Huynen , Zum Ritter or Zum Gir . During the 19th-century the Lintgasse was called Stink-Linkgaß , a because of its poor air quality. The traboules of Lyon are passageways that cut through a house or, in some cases, a whole city block, linking one street with another. They are distinct from most other alleys in that they are mainly enclosed within buildings and may include staircases. While they are found in other French cities including Villefranche-sur-Saône , Mâcon , Chambéry , Saint-Étienne , Louhans , Chalon sur Saône and Vienne (Isère) , Lyon has many more; in all there are about 500. The word traboule comes from

1925-419: The equivalent term is gang (Dutch) or impasse (French). Brussels had over 100 gangen/impasses , built to provide pedestrian access to cheap housing in the middle of blocks of buildings, and often containing a communal water tap. Several lead off Rue Haute/Hoogstraat. Since 1858, many have been demolished as part of slum clearance programmes, but about 70 still exist. Some have been gentrified, for example

1980-712: The first of Europe's grand arcades, to the Galleria Umberto I (1891) in Naples, the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan (1867), and the Block Arcade, Melbourne , Australia (1893). Alleyways are an understudied urban form historically shared by most Asian cities. They provide a setting for much everyday urban life and place-based identity, the examination of which can shed new light on

2035-537: The most prominent and historical laneways in Sydney, which date to the 19th century. Forgotten Songs is a popular attraction situated in Angel Place. Chinatown features a number of lanes and alleyways. In suburban Sydney, several alleyways or laneways exist between residential lots that provide pedestrians a shortcut passage to nearby facilities on adjacent roads. The Melbourne central business district in

2090-471: The old hutongs of Beijing disappeared, replaced by wide boulevards and high rises. Many residents left the lanes where their families lived for generations for apartment buildings with modern amenities. In Xicheng District , for example, nearly 200 hutongs out of the 820 it held in 1949 have disappeared. However, many of Beijing's ancient hutongs still stand, and a number of them have been designated protected areas. Many hutongs, some several hundred years old, in

2145-424: The older parts of towns and cities. It is also a rear access or service road ( back lane ), or a path, walk, or avenue (French allée ) in a park or garden. A covered alley or passageway, often with shops, may be called an arcade . The origin of the word alley is late Middle English , from Old French : alee "walking or passage", from aller "to go", from Latin : ambulare "to walk". The word alley

2200-531: The predominant form of alley in hilly cities and towns. This includes Quebec City in Canada and in the United States Pittsburgh (see Steps of Pittsburgh ), Cincinnati (see Steps of Cincinnati ), Minneapolis , Seattle , and San Francisco as well as Hong Kong , Genoa and Rome . Arcades are another kind of covered passageway and the simplest kind are no more than alleys to which

2255-522: The product of the 1875 Public Health Act in the United Kingdom , where usually alleys run along the back of streets of terraced houses , with ginnels connecting them to the street every fifth house. Alleys may be paved, or unpaved, and a blind alley is a cul-de-sac . Modern urban developments may also provide a service road to allow for waste collection, or rear access for fire engines and parking . Because of geography, steps ( stairs ) are

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2310-510: The river Saône and going down to the river itself. For centuries they were used by people to fetch water from the river and then by craftsmen and traders to transport their goods. By the 18th century they were invaluable to what had become the city's defining industry, textiles, especially silk. Nowadays, traboules are tourist attractions, and many are free and open to the public. Most traboules are on private property, serving as entrances to local apartments. The common Italian word for an alley

2365-600: The river quickly and allowed the canuts on the La Croix-Rousse hill to get quickly from their workshops to the textile merchants at the foot of the hill. Thus the traboules of Lyon are located primarily in the 'old city' (5th arrondissement ) and the Croix Rousse (1st and 4th arrondissements ). The "Traboule de la cour des Voraces" ("Traboule of the Voracious Court") is the most famous, located in

2420-841: The streets, following the old field boundaries and ditches. Gränd is Swedish for an alley and there are numerous gränder , or alleys in Gamla stan , The Old Town, of Stockholm , Sweden . The town dates back to the 13th century, with medieval alleyways, cobbled streets, and historic buildings. North German architecture has had a strong influence in the Old Town's buildings. Some of Stockholm's alleys are very narrow pedestrian footpaths , while others are very narrow, cobbled streets, or lanes open to slow moving traffic. Mårten Trotzigs gränd ("Alley of Mårten Trotzig") runs from Västerlånggatan and Järntorget up to Prästgatan and Tyska Stallplan , and part of it consists of 36 steps. At its narrowest

2475-574: The traditional idea of a global city and contributes to a renewed conception of metropolization as a highly localized process. Hutongs ( simplified Chinese : 胡同 ; traditional Chinese : 衚衕 ; pinyin : hútòng ; Wade–Giles : hu-t'ung ) are a type of narrow streets or alleys, commonly associated with northern Chinese cities, most prominently Beijing . In Beijing, hutongs are alleys formed by lines of siheyuan , traditional courtyard residences. Many neighbourhoods were formed by joining one siheyuan to another to form

2530-510: The turn of the 20th century, the Qing court was disintegrating as China's dynastic era came to an end. The traditional arrangement of hutongs was also affected. Many new hutongs, built haphazardly and with no apparent plan, began to appear on the outskirts of the old city, while the old ones lost their former neat appearance. Following the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, many of

2585-548: The vicinity of the Bell Tower and Drum Tower and Shichahai Lake are preserved amongst recreated contemporary two- and three-storey versions. Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing and the hutongs are residential neighborhoods which still form the heart of Old Beijing. While most Beijing hutongs are straight, Jiudaowan (九道弯, literally "Nine Turns") Hutong turns nineteen times. At its narrowest section, Qianshi Hutong near Qianmen (Front Gate)

2640-540: Was built in 1727 during the reconstruction efforts after the area was completely destroyed in the massive citywide fire of 1726 and is officially listed in the Land-Registry Office as City Street Number 77. Lintgasse is an alley ( German : Gasse ) in the Old town of Cologne , Germany between the two squares of Alter Markt and Fischmarkt . It is a pedestrian zone and though only some 130 metres long,

2695-522: Was built, as an alley, along the backs of houses on Upper Street, then Islington High Street, in 1767. In Scotland and Northern Ireland the Scots terms close , wynd , pend and vennel are general in most towns and cities. The term close has an unvoiced "s" as in sad . The Scottish author Ian Rankin 's novel Fleshmarket Close was retitled Fleshmarket Alley for the American market. Close

2750-586: Was formed to trade stocks. The club built its own building in nearby Sweeting's Alley in 1773, dubbed the "New Jonathan's", later renamed the Stock Exchange . West of the City there are a number of alleys just north of Trafalgar Square , including Brydges Place which is situated right next to the Coliseum Theatre and just 15 inches wide at its narrowest point, only one person can walk down it at

2805-457: Was known for prostitution before 1958, when prostitution became illegal. Since then it has developed as a drinking area, and at least some of the bars can trace their origins back to the 1960s. Apart from drinking alleys (drinking yokocho), shotengai and yokocho shotengais, there are the ordinary alleyways, the rojis which seem exist in all parts of the Japanese urban landscape. The roji which

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2860-438: Was later to become one of the richest merchants in Stockholm. Possibly referred to as Trångsund ("Narrow strait") before Mårten Trotzig gave his name to the alley, it is mentioned in 1544 as Tronge trappe grenden ("Narrow Alley Stairs"). In 1608 it is referred to Trappegrenden ("The Stairs Alley"), but a map dated 1733 calls it Trotz gränd . Closed off in the mid 19th century, not to be reopened until 1945, its present name

2915-730: Was officially sanctioned by the city in 1949. The " List of streets and squares in Gamla stan " provides links to many pages that describe other alleys in the oldest part of Stockholm; e.g. Kolmätargränd (Coal Meter's Alley); Skeppar Karls Gränd (Skipper Karl's Alley); Skeppar Olofs Gränd (Skipper Olof's Alley); and Helga Lekamens Gränd (Alley of the Holy Body). London has numerous historical alleys, especially, but not exclusively, in its centre; this includes The City , Covent Garden , Holborn , Clerkenwell , Westminster and Bloomsbury amongst others. An alley in London can also be called

2970-439: Was once part of people's personal spatial sphere and everyday life has been transformed by diverse and competing interests. Marginalised through the emergence of new forms of housing and public spaces, re-appropriated by different fields, and re-invented by the contemporary urban design discourse, the social meaning attached to the roji is being re-interpreted by individuals, subcultures and new social movements. Thus, their existence

3025-561: Was touring Europe in 1764. For almost four months the Mozart family lodged with barber John Couzin. According to some modern authorities, Mozart composed his first symphony while a resident of Cecil Court. North of the centre of London, Camden Passage is a pedestrian passage off Upper Street in the London Borough of Islington , famous because of its many antiques shops, and an antique market on Wednesdays and Saturday mornings. It

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