Gas Dynamics Laboratory (GDL) ( Russian : Газодинамическая лаборатория ) was the first Soviet research and development laboratory to focus on rocket technology . Its activities were initially devoted to the development of solid propellant rockets , which became the prototypes of missiles in the Katyusha rocket launcher , as well as liquid propellant rockets , which became the prototypes of Soviet rockets and spacecraft . At the end of 1933 it became part of the Reactive Scientific Research Institute (RNII). A number of craters on the far side of the Moon are named after GDL employees.
14-448: Nikolai Tikhomirov (1921—1930); Boris Sergeevich Petropavlovsky [ ru ] (1930-1931); Nikolai Yakovlevich Ilyin (rocket scientist) [ ru ] (1931—1932); Ivan Kleymyonov (12.1932 - 9.1933, then head of the RNII). The GDL utilised smokeless (TNT) gunpowder on a non-volatile solvent for solid propellant rockets. The first test-firing of a solid fuel rocket
28-455: A section was created to develop electric rocket engines , headed by 23 year old Valentin Glushko , Glushko proposed to use energy in electric explosion of metals to create rocket propulsion. In the early 1930s the world's first example of an electrothermal rocket engine was created. This early work by GDL has been steadily carried on and electric rocket engines were used in the 1960s onboard
42-510: The Voskhod 1 spacecraft and Zond-2 Venus probe. In 1931 Glushko was redirected to work on liquid propellant rocket engines . This resulted in the creation of ORM (from "Experimental Rocket Motor" in Russian) engines ORM-1 [ ru ] to ORM-52 [ ru ] . To increase the resource, various technical solutions were used: the jet nozzle had a spirally finned wall and
56-675: The Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences on Lunar Names assigned craters on the far side of the Moon names in honor of the following workers of the GDL; Nikolai Tikhomirov , N. P. Alyokhina, Vladimir Artemyev , Artamonova, A. I. Gavrilova, A. D. Gracheva, Zhiritsky, A. L. Maly, Y. B. Mezentseva, E. S. Petropavlovsky, B.S. Petrova, G. F. Firsova, N. G. Chernysheva. In 1962 the names GDL, GIRD and RNII were assigned to crater chains on
70-589: The construction of the Novosibirsk Rail Bridge , the first railway bridge over the Ob River. Grigory Moiseevich Budagov was chief engineer of the project, which was completed in February 1897. In Novonikolayevsk Settlement, Tikhomirov organized the "Voluntary Fire Society of Novonikolayevsk'," and in 1896-99 he led the construction of Alexander Nevsky Cathedral . In 1897 he was an official of
84-547: The early 1930s were led by Georgy Langemak , including firing rockets from aircraft and the ground. In 1932 in-air test firings of RS-82 missiles from a Tupolev I-4 aircraft armed with six launchers successfully took place. RNII then modified these rockets for the famous Katyusha rocket launcher , which were used during World War II . In these works, the main design contribution was made by GDL employees Nikolai Tikhomirov, Vladimir Artemyev , Boris Petropavlovsky , Georgy Langemak , Ivan Isidorovich and others. On 15 May 1929
98-698: The far side of the Moon. The V. P. Glushko Museum of Cosmonautics and Rocket Technology [ ru ] is a memorial museum telling about the beginning of the domestic space engine industry, including the history of GDL. The museum is located in the Peter and Paul Fortress , which in the 1930s housed GDL stands for testing rocket engines. It was opened on April 12, 1973. Ivan Kleymyonov Ivan Terentyevich Kleymyonov (last name also spelled Kleymenov ; Russian : Иван Терентьевич Клеймёнов ; Staraya Surava, Tambov Governorate ; April 11, 1899 – January 10, 1938)
112-593: Was rehabilitated "due to the lack of a criminal matter" and awarded Hero of Socialist Labor (1991). A crater on the far side of the Moon is named after him. Nikolai Tikhomirov Nikolai Mikhailovich Tikhomirov ( Russian : Николай Михайлович Тихомиров ; 1857 – 1900) was a Russian Empire engineer, public figure, one of the founders of Novosibirsk . Nikolai Tikhomirov was born 30 June (12 July New Style) 1857 in Vyatka , Vyatka Governorate , Russian Empire (today Kirov, Kirov Oblast , Udmurt Republic ). He
126-760: Was a Soviet scientist and one of the founders of Soviet rocketry . Ivan Kleymyonov graduated from the Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy in 1928. In 1932–1933, he headed the Gas Dynamics Laboratory and then was appointed director of the Reactive Scientific Research Institute . In 1937, during Stalin's " Great Purge ," he was arrested on unknown grounds, sentenced to death and executed based on false confessions coerced from others, including Georgy Langemak . In 1955, he
140-583: Was achieved. Experimental liquid propellant rockets were constructed, the first two rockets with a planned lifting height of 2–4 km were manufactured and testing was continued by RNII. The work on the creation of engines under the leadership of Glushko was carried out by employees of the ERD and liquid-propellant engine section, including the active involvement of A. L. Maly, V. I. Serov, E. N. Kuzmin, I. I. Kulagin, E. S. Petrov, P. I. Minaev, B. A. Kutkin, V. P. Yukov, N. G. Chernyshev and others. In 1966,
154-599: Was carried out in March 1928, which flew for about 1,300 meters In 1931 the world's first successful use of rockets to assist take-off of aircraft were carried out on a U-1 , the Soviet designation for an Avro 504 trainer, which achieved about one hundred successful assisted takeoffs. Successful assisted takeoffs were also achieved on the Tupolev TB-1 (Russian 'ТБ-1') and Tupolev TB-3 aircraft. Further developments in
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#1732766229490168-441: Was cooled by fuel components, curtain cooling was used for the combustion chamber and ceramic thermal insulation of the combustion chamber using zirconium dioxide . Nitric acid , solutions of nitric acid with nitrogen tetroxide , tetranitromethane , hypochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide were first proposed as an oxidizing agent. As a result of experiments, by the end of 1933, a high-boiling fuel from kerosene and nitric acid
182-883: Was educated at the Institute of Transport (today the St. Petersburg State Transport University and became an engineer with the Ministry of Transport. On the West Siberian Railway , under Konstantin Mikhaylovsky he participated in the construction of the bridge across the Ishim River near Petropavl and the Kargat - Krivoshokovo section of line. In August 1894, Tikhomirov and his family moved to Novonikolayevsk Settlement (now Novosibirsk ) and participated in
196-538: Was selected as the most convenient in operation and industrial production. In 1931 self-igniting combustible and chemical ignition of fuel with gimbal engine suspension were proposed. For fuel supply in 1931-1932 fuel pumps operating from combustion chamber gases were developed. In 1933 a centrifugal turbopump unit for a rocket engine with a thrust of 3000 N was developed. A total of 100 bench tests of liquid-propellant rockets were conducted using various types of fuel, both low and high-boiling and thrust up to 300 kg
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