The General Electric/Allison J35 was the United States Air Force 's first axial-flow (straight-through airflow) compressor jet engine . Originally developed by General Electric (GE company designation TG-180 ) in parallel with the Whittle -based centrifugal-flow J33 , the J35 was a fairly simple turbojet , consisting of an eleven-stage axial-flow compressor and a single-stage turbine. With the afterburner , which most models carried, it produced a thrust of 7,400 lbf (33 kN).
41-639: Like the J33, the design of the J35 originated at General Electric, but major production was by the Allison Engine Company . While developing the T31 axial turboprop in 1943 General Electric realized that they had the resources to design an axial flow turbojet at the same time as their centrifugal-flow J33 engine. They recognized the axial would have more potential for the future and went ahead with
82-447: A humid subtropical climate , Cfa on climate maps. With a January daily mean of −2 °C (28 °F) however, Speedway is very close to the humid continental type. As of the census of 2010, 11,812 people, 5,550 households, and 2,931 families resided in the town. The population density was 2,481.5 inhabitants per square mile (958.1/km ). The 6,709 housing units averaged 1,409.5 per square mile (544.2/km ). The racial makeup of
123-599: A "family aircraft". Before work on this design had progressed very far, Fisher sold the company to General Motors, which ended development owing to financial pressures of the Great Depression . Nevertheless, Gilman pressed ahead with the cylinder design, building a "paper project" V-12 engine. The Army was once again uninterested, but instead suggested Allison try selling it to the United States Navy . The Navy agreed to fund development of A and B models to
164-544: A LiftFan nozzle was tested in 1997 at NASA's Lewis facility. By 1997, a complete prototype had been demonstrated by the Rolls-Royce owned but American-controlled Allison Advanced Development Company. In 1965 a drag racer, Jim Lytle, created a car known as Quad Al which incorporated four World War II surplus V-12 Allison aero-engines in a four-wheel drive configuration, and developing approximately 12,000 hp (8,900 kW). Although its engines started, it never ran;
205-499: A building at what was to become, in later years, the Indianapolis Motor Speedway . Along with the move, Allison hired Norman H. Gillman, a very talented engineer from a competing race team, as his chief engineer. Allison moved to Florida to invest in real estate after World War I, leaving Gillman in charge. Allison did not want the company to wither, so he asked Gillman to build a V-12 marine engine worthy of
246-642: A race car team. This hobby resulted in Allison building a shop at the track in Speedway where he maintained his fleet of race cars. This shop became the site for Allison Plant #1. Fisher and Allison sold their interest in Prest-O-Lite to Union Carbide for $ 9,000,000. Allison started as an engine and car "hot rodding" company servicing the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Indianapolis . James Allison
287-538: A town in July 1926. The Speedway Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. Speedway is located in western Marion County. It is 5 miles (8 km) west-northwest of downtown Indianapolis . According to the U.S. Census Bureau , Speedway has a total area of 4.79 square miles (12.41 km ), of which 0.004 square miles (0.01 km ), or 0.08%, are water. The town
328-647: A very limited degree for its airships , until the crash of the USS Macon in 1935, when the Navy's need for a 1,000 hp (750 kW) engine disappeared. The very first V-1710 was purchased by the U.S. Navy as their GV-1710-2, and appears to have had an Allison serial of number 1, suggesting that they restarted numbering for the V-1710. The first V-1710 engine purchased by the USAAC was AAC 33-42, Allison Serial No. 2,
369-559: Is drained by Eagle Creek, which runs along the southwest edge of town, and its tributaries Dry Run and Little Eagle Creek, which flow past or around the speedway. Eagle Creek continues east to join the White River in southwest Marion County. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Speedway has
410-587: The 578-DX propfan . Unlike the competing General Electric GE-36 UDF , the 578-DX was fairly conventional, having a reduction gearbox between the LP turbine and the propfan blades. Noise considerations, plus a significant reduction in the real cost of aviation fuel, brought the NASA funded program to a halt. In 1995, Allison tested a prototype lift fan for the Joint Strike Fighter Program and
451-525: The Allison GT 404-4 turboshaft engine intended for trucks. Allison continued to work with General Motors on development of ceramic- turbine powered engines until the early 1990s. During their work they were able to engineer fairly stable automobile engines that were capable of burning a variety of fuels, such as gasoline, Diesel, kerosene, alcohol, vegetable oil, and coal powder. In the 1980s Allison collaborated with Pratt & Whitney on demonstrating
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#1732776277324492-618: The Allison J35 . The J35 was the primary powerplant for the F-84 Thunderjet and F-89 Scorpion , as well as appearing on numerous prototype designs. The J35 also finished production in 1955, by which point over 14,000 had been delivered. Allison also began development of a series of turboprop engines for the U.S. Navy, starting with the T38 and a "twinned" version as the T40 . The Navy
533-596: The Convair 580 turboprop passenger aircraft which was widely used by local service and regional airlines in the U.S. such as Allegheny Airlines , the original Frontier Airlines , North Central Airlines , as well as major carriers American , Eastern , United , and Pan-Am . Over the years a family of engines based on the T56 configuration was developed, culminating in the T406/ Allison AE1107 turboshaft for
574-512: The J73 when a 50% increase in airflow was required. It also had an inlet debris guard which was common on early jet engines. GE developed a variable afterburner for the engine, although electronic control linked with engine controls had to wait until the J47. Marrett describes one of the potential consequences of manual control of the engine and afterburner on a turbine engine: if the afterburner lit but
615-790: The V-22 Osprey , the Allison AE2100 turboprop, used on newer models of the C-130 and the Allison/ Rolls-Royce AE 3007 turbofan which propels many regional airline aircraft, such as the Embraer ERJ 135 , ERJ 140 and ERJ 145 family of regional passenger jets that continue to be widely used in the airline industry. One of Allison's most successful projects is the Model 250 turboshaft/turboprop engine family, which
656-496: The census of 2000, 12,882 people, 6,151 households, and 3,278 families resided in the town. The 6,151 households had 24.5% with children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.6% married couples living together, 12.5% female householders with no husband present, and 46.7% not families. In the town, the population was spread out, with 20.9% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 31.5% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
697-807: The 1950s: the Republic F-84 Thunderjet and the Northrop F-89 Scorpion . A largely redesigned development, the J35-A-23, was later produced as the Allison J71 , developing 10,900 lbf (48.49 kN) thrust. Data from: Aircraft Engines of the World 1953 , Aircraft Engines of the World 1950 Data from , Aircraft engines of the World 1957 Related development Comparable engines Related lists Allison Engine Company The Allison Engine Company
738-603: The Allison name. Gillman then proceeded to build an engine that relied on what was learned from building and modifying the venerable Liberty engine. Allison's company was sold to Captain Eddie Rickenbacker in 1927 for $ 700,000 after Allison moved to Florida. In 1929, shortly after the death of James Allison, the company was purchased by the Fisher brothers . The Fishers sold the company to General Motors , who owned it for most of its history. The Allison Engine Company
779-549: The Indianapolis Motor Speedway, planned the suburb of Speedway west of the track. Fisher and Allison owned plants that needed workers, the Prest-O-Lite factory and Allison Engine Company . The investors' goal was to create a city without horses, where residents would drive automobiles, as well as participate in creating mechanical parts for new modes of transportation. Speedway was incorporated as
820-604: The TG-180 engine. GE axial compressor designs were developed from the NACA 8-stage compressor. The engine had its starter and accessories (fuel control, fuel pump, oil pumps, hydraulic pump, RPM generator) mounted in the center of the compressor inlet. This accessory layout, as used on centrifugal engines, restricted the area available for compressor inlet air. It was carried over to the J47 but revised (relocated to an external gearbox) on
861-593: The XV-1710-1, while Serial Nos. 3, 4, 5 were V-1710-4 engines for U.S. Navy airships, followed by a batch of 11 Air Corps engines purchased with FY-1934 funds (34-4 through 34-14) that covered Allison serials 6 through 16. After these the production race was on, totaling over 70,000 V-1710s. By this time the Army had become more interested in the design, and asked Allison to continue with a new "C" model. They had few funds of their own to invest, and Allison supported much of
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#1732776277324902-555: The creator could not afford the custom gearboxes and clutches required to handle the enormous torque generated by the engines. The car survives, without its engines, in Indiana , USA. In 1992 General Motors tried to sell Allison to concentrate on rebuilding automobile market share. Rolls-Royce attempted to buy the company in 1993, but General Motors opted for a management buyout instead for $ 370 million. In 1995 US authorities approved, with restrictions on Joint Strike Fighter Program ,
943-469: The development out of their own pocket. The V-1710-C first flew on 14 December 1936 in the Consolidated A-11 A testbed. The V-1710-C6 completed the Army 150 hour Type Test on 23 April 1937, at 1,000 hp (750 kW), the first engine of any type to do so. By then all of the other Army engine projects had been cancelled or withdrawn, leaving the V-1710 as the only modern design available. It
984-569: The end of the war, Allison found itself with a large production infrastructure that was no longer needed. For this reason, in 1947, the Army decided to take General Electric 's versions of Frank Whittle 's jet engines and give them to Allison to produce instead. The main production model was GE's 4,000 lbf (18 kN) I-40, produced as the Allison J33 . By the time production ended in 1955, Allison had produced over 7,000 J33s. Allison also took over GE's axial flow engine design, becoming
1025-732: The pilot failed to ensure the nozzle opened, the RPM governor could overfuel the engine until the turbine failed. The General Electric J35 first flew in the Republic XP-84 Thunderjet in 1946. Late in 1947, complete responsibility for the development and production of the engine was transferred to the Allison Division of the General Motors Corporation and some J35s were also built by GM's Chevrolet division. More than 14,000 J35s had been built by
1066-710: The purchase of Allison by Rolls-Royce. The price was $ 525 million. In the year 2000, some of these restrictions were alleviated, and in 2001 the US government chose the F-35 with Rolls-Royce LiftFan and Pratt & Whitney F135 engines. Allison was also a partner with General Electric and Rolls-Royce on the F136 Fighter Engine Team. Speedway, Indiana Speedway is a town in Wayne Township, Marion County, Indiana , United States. The population
1107-671: The time production ended in 1955. The J35 was used to power the Bell X-5 variable-sweep research aircraft and various prototypes such as the Douglas XB-43 Jetmaster , North American XB-45 Tornado , Convair XB-46 , Boeing XB-47 Stratojet , Martin XB-48 , and Northrop YB-49 . It is probably best known, however, as the engine used in two of the leading fighters of the United States Air Force (USAF) in
1148-564: The town was 74.2% White, 16.7% African American, 0.3% Native American, 2.0% Asian, 4.4% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 7.6% of the population. Of the 5,550 households, 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.4% were married couples living together, 15.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 47.2% were not families. About 39.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who
1189-494: Was 13,952 at the 2020 census , up from 11,812 in 2010 . Speedway, which is an enclave of Indianapolis , is the home of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway . Speedway was laid out in 1912 as a residential suburb. It took its name from the Indianapolis Motor Speedway , constructed three years earlier. It is an early example of a residential community planned for the industrial plants located nearby. Carl G. Fisher , James A. Allison , Frank Wheeler, and Arthur Newby, founders of
1230-494: Was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.9 males. The median income for a household in the town was $ 37,713, and for a family was $ 49,005. Males had a median income of $ 36,756 versus $ 26,954 for females. The per capita income for the town was $ 21,468. About 5.6% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 7.7% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over. The town has
1271-405: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.84. The median age in the town was 37.8 years. About 21.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.7% were from 25 to 44; 25.8% were from 45 to 64; and 14.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.3% male and 51.7% female. As of
Allison J35 - Misplaced Pages Continue
1312-444: Was a patented steel-backed lead bearing, which was used in various high performance engines. It also built various drive shafts, extensions and gear chains for high power engines, on demand. Later its main business was the conversion of older Liberty engines to more powerful models, both for aircraft and marine use. Allison needed a place where his race car engines could be modified and repaired. On January 1, 1917 Allison moved into
1353-620: Was acquired in 1995 by Rolls-Royce plc , and became the Rolls-Royce Corporation subsidiary. In the late 1920s the United States Army funded the development of a series of high-power engines, as part of its hyper engine series, which it intended to produce on Continental Motors ' production lines. Allison's manager, Norman Gilman, decided to experiment with his own high-power cylinder design. Allison's engine became Manufacturer Serial No. 1, AAC S/N 25-521. It
1394-505: Was an American aircraft engine manufacturer. Shortly after the death of James Allison in 1929 the company was purchased by the Fisher brothers . Fisher sold the company to General Motors , which owned it for most of its history. It was acquired by Rolls-Royce plc in 1995 to become the US subsidiary , Rolls-Royce North America . A predecessor of Allison Engine Company, the Concentrated Acetylene Company ,
1435-652: Was founded in September 1904 by James Allison, Percy C. "Fred" Avery and Carl G. Fisher . Avery was the holder of the patent for the product. This company was the predecessor of the Prest-O-Lite Company , a manufacturer of acetylene headlights. An explosion at the acetylene gas works in downtown Indianapolis caused the company to relocate out of town, near the race track in Speedway, Indiana . Allison and Fisher raced automobiles at that track, each owning
1476-580: Was interested only in the T40, but the complexities of the drive shaft arrangement doomed the engine and the project was eventually cancelled. Allison tried again with the T56 , basically an enlarged T38 with the power of the T40, and was eventually rewarded when this engine was selected to power the C-130 Hercules . Allison turboprop engines were also used to re-engine Convair prop airliners which resulted in
1517-595: Was invested in equipping the V-1710 with a complex two-stage supercharger, and when placed in aircraft designs like the P-39 or P-40, which lacked the room for a turbocharger, the engine suffered tremendously at higher altitudes. It was for this reason in particular that the V-1710 was later removed from the P-51 Mustang and replaced with the Rolls-Royce Merlin . With the need for the V-1710 winding down at
1558-485: Was soon found as the primary power plant of the new generation of United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) fighters, the P-38 Lightning , P-39 Airacobra and P-40 Warhawk . The Army had been leaning heavily towards exhaust-driven turbochargers , instead of the more common mechanically driven superchargers , favoring the theoretical advantage of using the otherwise wasted energy in the exhaust. Thus, little effort
1599-597: Was started by the company in the early 1960s, when helicopters started to be powered by turbine, rather than reciprocating, engines. Allison turbine engines were used to power Bell 206 Jet Ranger and Long Ranger helicopters as well as the initial version of the Sikorsky S-76 helicopter. In the mid-1970s the Allison Division of General Motors Corporation in Detroit designed ceramic components into
1640-675: Was the X-4520, a 24-cylinder air-cooled 4-bank “X” configured engine designed by the Army Air Corps and built by the Allison Engineering Company in 1925. The result was presented to the Army in 1928, which turned down the development proposal. In 1929, shortly after the death of James Allison, the company was purchased by the Fisher brothers, who instructed it to use the cylinder design for a six-cylinder engine for
1681-830: Was the owner of the Indianapolis Speedway Team Company , a race car business in Indianapolis, Indiana. While it was founded as the Indianapolis Speedway Team Company, its name changed numerous times, first to the Allison Speedway Team Company, then the Allison Experimental Company and last as the Allison Engineering Company before becoming a division of General Motors . The company's only regular production item