66-579: Gibside is an estate in Tyne and Wear , North East England . It is located in the valley of the River Derwent on the border with County Durham , between Rowlands Gill and Burnopfield . The estate is the surviving part of a Georgian landscaped park , primarily created under the ownership of Sir George Bowes (1701–1760) and designed in large part by Stephen Switzer and William Joyce. The park contains structures designed by James Paine , including
132-456: A Palladian chapel; Daniel Garrett , including a banqueting house ; and William Newton , but several are now ruined shells or have been demolished. Gibside Hall, the house at the centre of the estate, dates in part from the seventeenth century but is also a shell. Gibside descended by marriage from the mid-thirteenth century, and passed to the Bowes family in 1693. It was sold piecemeal during
198-682: A tax credits call centre for HMRC , and is the former home of Findus UK. The Government National Insurance Contributions Office in Longbenton, demolished and replaced in 2000, had a 1 mile (1.6 km) long corridor. Be-Ro and the Go-Ahead Group bus company are in central Newcastle. Nestlé use the former Rowntrees chocolate factory on the east of the A1. BAE Systems Land & Armaments in Scotswood , formerly Vickers-Armstrongs ,
264-543: A concessionary fares scheme for the elderly and disabled. Nexus has been an executive body of the North East Joint Transport Committee since November 2018. Other joint bodies include the Tyne and Wear Fire and Rescue Service and Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums , which was created from the merger of the Tyne and Wear Archives Service and Tyne and Wear Museums . These joint bodies are administered by representatives of all five of
330-452: A conservatory by John Bowes in 1885 by the addition of a glazed iron roof; at the same time a brick podium was constructed in the centre of the main room to display plants and a heating system added, with a boiler installed in the western lobby. The roof was removed between the First and Second World Wars, since when the orangery has been a roofless shell, however the fabric was consolidated by
396-478: A correspondence for fifty years, and he kept all the letters and copies. At his death he left them to an apothecary who had married his natural daughter, with instructions to publish; but Robinson's brother, Archbishop Lord Rokeby, stopped the publication. Sir John Hawkins recorded in his Life of Johnson that when Chesterfield wanted to appease Samuel Johnson , he employed Robinson as his mediator. On 25 October 1728 Robinson married, at Belfrey's, York, Elizabeth,
462-652: A county-wide basis. Most notable is the Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Authority , which co-ordinates transport policy. Through its passenger transport executive , known as Nexus , it owns and operates the Tyne and Wear Metro light rail system, and the Shields ferry service and the Tyne Tunnel , linking communities on either side of the River Tyne. Also through Nexus, the authority subsidises socially necessary transport services (including taxis) and operates
528-462: A design by William Newton . The building has a seven-bay arcade of Tuscan columns to the front and plain three-bay arcades to each side, the rear arch on each side filled with a pedimented doorway, which lead into lobbies. The rear contains five sash windows, the middle three forming a canted bay with views across the Derwent valley. The building, which originally had a slate roof, was converted into
594-525: A design derived from Palladio by James Paine; an earlier, unrealised, circular design had been commissioned in 1737 from either Sir Thomas Robinson or Daniel Garrett. Sir George Bowes died in September 1760; the shell of the building was completed in 1769 under the supervision of his widow, Mary Gilbert, but the interior work was not completed and the chapel consecrated until 1812, under his grandson, John Bowes, 10th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne . Bowes
660-518: A new county of Tyneside based on the review area, divided into four separate boroughs. This was not implemented. The Redcliffe-Maud Report proposed a Tyneside unitary authority , again excluding Sunderland, which would have set up a separate East Durham unitary authority. The white paper that led to the Local Government Act 1972 proposed as "area 2" a metropolitan county including Newcastle and Sunderland, extending as far south down
726-507: A provision in her father's will that any suitor had to take the family name. This was a device to continue the Bowes lineage in the absence of a male heir. After the split inheritance dispute following the death of John Bowes, 10th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne , in 1820, it belonged to his legitimated son John Bowes until his death in 1885 (he is buried in the Gibside chapel), when under
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#1732780739793792-417: A single "county borough of Newcastle-on-Tyneside". The 1937 proposals never came into operation: local authorities could not agree on a scheme and the legislation of the time did not allow central government to compel one. Tyneside (excluding Sunderland ) was a special review area under the Local Government Act 1958 . The Local Government Commission for England came back with a recommendation to create
858-547: A wide area, with a second tier of smaller units for other local-government purposes. The second-tier units would form by amalgamating the various existing boroughs and districts. The county boroughs in the area would lose their status. Within this area, a single municipality would be formed covering the four county boroughs of Newcastle, Gateshead, Tynemouth, South Shields and other urban districts and boroughs. A minority report proposed amalgamation of Newcastle, Gateshead, Wallsend, Jarrow, Felling, Gosforth, Hebburn and Newburn into
924-554: Is a ceremonial county in North East England . It borders Northumberland to the north and County Durham to the south, and the largest settlement is the city of Newcastle upon Tyne . The county is largely urbanised. It had a population of 1.14 million in 2021. After Newcastle (300,125) the largest settlements are the city of Sunderland (the population of Sunderland, UK is estimated to be 347,000 in 2024), Gateshead (120,046), and South Shields (75,337). Nearly all of
990-768: Is also notable for its coastline to the North Sea in the east, which is characterised by tall limestone cliffs and wide beaches. In the late 600s and into the 700s Saint Bede lived as a monk at the monastery of St. Peter and of St. Paul writing histories of the Early Middle Ages including the Ecclesiastical History of the English People . Roughly 150 years ago, in the village of Marsden in South Shields , Souter Lighthouse
1056-696: Is the main producer of British Army tanks such as the Challenger 2 . A Rolls-Royce apprentice training site is next door. Siemens Energy Service Fossil make steam turbines at the CA Parsons Works in South Heaton . Sir Charles Parsons invented the steam turbine in 1884, and developed an important local company. Domestos , a product whose main ingredient is sodium hypochlorite , was originated in Newcastle in 1929 by William Handley, and
1122-524: Is the only Parliamentary constituency that has never returned a Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons since the Reform Act of 1832 . At the level of local government , all of the region's five unitary authorities were controlled by Labour in 2019. Newcastle and Sunderland are known for declaring their election results early on election night. Therefore, they frequently give
1188-915: Is the world's largest submersible robot. The car dealership Evans Halshaw is in Sunderland. The car factory owned by Nissan Motor Manufacturing UK between North Hylton and Washington is the largest in the UK. Grundfos , the world's leading pump manufacturer, builds pumps in Sunderland. Calsonic Kansei UK, formerly Magna , make automotive instrument panels and car trim at the Pennywell Industrial Estate. Gestamp UK make automotive components. Smith Electric Vehicles originated in Washington. The LG Electronics microwave oven factory opened in 1989, closed in May 2004, and later became
1254-530: The 1734 British general election , he sought a seat in Cornwall, but without success. He made some long speeches in Parliament. They included one which, according to Horace Walpole , he was supposed to have found among the papers of his wife's first husband. Robinson was created a baronet on 10 March 1731, with remainder to his brothers and to Matthew Robinson , and from November 1735 to February 1742 he
1320-608: The Whig Party . The Bowes-Lyon family had other major country houses, Glamis Castle in Scotland, and Streatlam Castle , County Durham , relatively close to Gibside. The house became vacant in the 1920s after the Bowes-Lyon family sold some of its properties to pay death duties . The building was stripped of its fixtures and fittings, with many of the fireplaces and other items being transferred to Glamis Castle. Parts of
1386-463: The entail it reverted to his cousin the 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne . It had been the main residence of John Bowes' mother, Mary Milner, by then Dowager Countess of Strathmore, and her second husband, the politician Sir William Hutt (who had been John Bowes' tutor), and remained in his ownership until his death in 1882. Improvements to Gibside carried out by the Bowes-Lyon family in
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#17327807397931452-571: The 18th and early 19th centuries included landscaping, Gibside Chapel, built between 1760 and 1812, the Banqueting House , a column of Liberty , a substantial stable block, an avenue of oaks and several hundred acres of forest. The top floor of the main house was remodelled as a giant parapet in 1805. The chapel is located at the south-western end of the Avenue, and was begun in July 1760 to
1518-567: The National Trust in 2005. The stables were built between 1746 and 1751. The design was probably by Daniel Garrett, and is similar to his Fenham Hall in Newcastle-upon-Tyne. The building forms a quadrangle around a courtyard, with the main entrance in the south wing and an exit in the west wing, thus enabling carriages to pass through without needing to turn. The east wing, which contained the visitor entrance and which faced
1584-726: The Tyne in South Shields. Bellway plc houses is in Seaton Burn in North Tyneside . Cobalt Business Park , the largest office park in the UK, is at Wallsend , on the former site of Atmel , and is the home of North Tyneside Council. Swan Hunter until 2006 made ships in Wallsend, and still designs ships. Soil Machine Dynamics in Wallsend on the Tyne makes Remotely operated underwater vehicles , and its Ultra Trencher 1
1650-932: The Wear at Deptford . The outdoor clothing company Berghaus is in Castletown . Vaux Breweries , who owned Swallow Hotels , closed in 1999. ScS Sofas are on Borough Road. There are many call centres in Sunderland, notably EDF Energy at the Doxford International Business Park , which is also the home of the headquarters of the large international transport company Arriva and Nike UK . Rolls-Royce planned to move their production of fan and turbine discs to BAE Systems' new site in 2016. 54°58′26″N 1°36′48″W / 54.974°N 1.6132°W / 54.974; -1.6132 Sir Thomas Robinson, 1st Baronet Sir Thomas Robinson, 1st Baronet (1703–1777), of Rokeby , Yorkshire ,
1716-634: The Western boundary of the County of Durham, to consider what changes, if any, should be made in the existing arrangements with a view to securing greater economy and efficiency, and to make recommendations. The report of the Royal Commission, published in 1937, recommended the establishment of a Regional Council for Northumberland and Tyneside (to be called the "Northumberland Regional Council") to administer services that needed to be exercised over
1782-540: The acquisition through marriage of the Blakiston estate of Gibside gave the Bowes family an even greater influence in the north of the county and a share in the immense wealth that was to be acquired from the coal trade. The Blakiston estate included some of the area's richest coal seams. In 1767 the granddaughter of Sir William Bowes – the "Bowes heiress" Mary Eleanor Bowes – married John Lyon, 9th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne , who changed his surname to Bowes due to
1848-710: The breakfasts was one to the Princess of Wales. In a note to William Mason's Epistle to Shebbeare , he is dubbed "the Petronius of the present age", referencing the Satyricon . He became a member of the Royal Society of Arts in 1755, and was active there in recruitment and administration. Robinson acquired shares in Ranelagh Gardens , and became the director of the entertainments; his knowledge of
1914-548: The coast as Seaham and Easington, and bordering "area 4" (which would become Tees Valley ). The Bill as presented in November 1971 pruned back the southern edge of the area, and gave it the name "Tyneside". The name "Tyneside" proved controversial on Wearside , and a government amendment changed the name to "Tyne and Wear" at the request of Sunderland County Borough Council. Tyne and Wear either has or closely borders two official Met Office stations, neither located in one of
1980-470: The constituent councils. In addition the Northumbria Police force covers Northumberland and Tyne and Wear. There have been occasional calls for Tyne and Wear to be abolished and the traditional border between Northumberland and County Durham to be restored. Tyne and Wear is divided into 12 parliamentary constituencies . Historically, the area has been a Labour stronghold; South Shields
2046-419: The corners and side apses, the latter curved to fit the space. The Bowes-Lyons used a box pew in the corner which had underfloor heating. There is a house for the minister nearby. Some holders of the position would not have been able to hold a Church of England parish living, on account of their views. The orangery was built between 1772 and 1774 for Mary Eleanor Bowes , who had a keen interest in botany, to
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2112-538: The county's settlements belong to either the Tyneside or Wearside conurbations, the latter of which also extends into County Durham. Tyne and Wear contains five metropolitan boroughs : Gateshead , Newcastle upon Tyne, Sunderland , North Tyneside and South Tyneside , all of which form part of the North East Combined Authority , along with County Durham and Northumberland . The county
2178-421: The county, mainly on the fringes of the Tyneside / Wearside conurbation. There is also an inter-urban line of belt helping to keep the districts of South Tyneside, Gateshead, and Sunderland separated. It was first drawn up from the 1950s. All the county's districts contain some portion of belt. Although Tyne and Wear County Council was abolished in 1986, several joint bodies exist to run certain services on
2244-1080: The district centre. For a complete list of all villages, towns and cities see the list of places in Tyne and Wear . Birtley Blaydon Low Fell Rowlands Gill Ryton Sheriff Hill Whickham Byker Blakelaw Elswick Fenham Gosforth Jesmond Heaton Newburn North Kenton Throckley Walbottle Walker Westerhope West Moor Annitsford Backworth Benton Cullercoats Dudley Earsdon Fordley Forest Hall Killingworth Longbenton Monkseaton North Shields Preston Tynemouth Whitley Bay Wideopen Boldon Cleadon Harton Hebburn Jarrow Westoe Whitburn Castletown Fulwell Hendon Herrington Hetton-le-Hole Houghton-le-Spring Hylton Red House Newbottle Penshaw Rainton Ryhope Seaburn Shiney Row Silksworth South Hylton Southwick Springwell Village Warden Law Washington Two campuses of Sunderland University are in Sunderland, while Newcastle contains
2310-473: The eldest daughter of Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of Carlisle , and widow of Nicholas Lechmere, 1st Baron Lechmere . His first wife died at Bath, Somerset on 10 April 1739, and was buried in the family vault under the new church of Rokeby. He married at Barbados a second wife, whose maiden name was Booth; she was the widow of Samuel Salmon, a rich ironmonger. She declined to follow Robinson back to England. [REDACTED] This article incorporates text from
2376-414: The entrance of the old Hall. The Gibside property came into the possession of the Bowes family in 1713; a result of the marriage in 1693 of Sir William's great-granddaughter, Elizabeth Blakiston, to Sir William Bowes (1657–1707) of Streatlam Castle (now demolished). Until 1722, the basis of the Bowes' influence was their own estate and house of Streatlam Castle, County Durham . However, after that date
2442-497: The fashionable world then proved of use. He built for himself a house called Prospect Place, adjoining the gardens, and gave magnificent feasts. At the coronation of George III, on 22 September 1761, the last occasion on which the dukes of Normandy and Aquitaine were represented by deputies as doing homage to the king of England, Robinson acted as Normandy, walking "in proper mantle" next to the Archbishop of Canterbury . Robinson
2508-506: The first indication of nationwide trends. An example of this was at the 2016 European Union referendum. Newcastle was the first large city to declare, and 50.6% of voters voted to Remain; this proportion was far lower than predicted by experts. Sunderland declared soon after and gave a 62% vote to Leave, much higher than expected. These two results were seen as an early sign that the United Kingdom had voted to Leave. Italics indicate
2574-646: The former's death in 1753. It consists of a pedestal bearing a Roman Doric column, which at 42.7 m (140 ft) was, when constructed, the second-tallest column monument in England after the Monument to the Great Fire of London . The column is topped by a statue of a woman, personifying Liberty and originally gilded, who holds the Staff of Maintenance and Cap of Liberty . It represents George Bowes' support for
2640-464: The grounds were acquired in 1993. The Banqueting House has been in the ownership of the Landmark Trust since 1981, the building having been restored from a derelict shell. The stables now house a learning and discovery centre. Women's Land Army girls were billeted at Gibside during World War I. Tyne and Wear Tyne and Wear ( / ˌ t aɪ n ... ˈ w ɪər / )
2706-550: The house, he ordered changes in his residence at Pilgrim, and he undertook the construction of an armoury and arsenal. He had to pay most of the charges out of his own pocket. Another quarrel was over the command of the forces on the island. Eventually, a petition was sent home which resulted in Robinson's recall on 14 April 1747. On his return to the Kingdom of Great Britain , Robinson again gave balls and breakfasts, and among
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2772-566: The major urban centres. The locations for those are in marine Tynemouth where Tyne meets the North Sea east of Newcastle and inland Durham in County Durham around 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-west of Sunderland. There are some clear differences between the stations temperature and precipitation patterns even though both have a cool-summer and mild-winter oceanic climate . Tyne and Wear contains green belt interspersed throughout
2838-460: The new coach drive created for Sir George, is decorated in the Palladian style. The centre projects in a five-bay block, with a pediment over the central three bays. The door occupies the centre bay of the ground floor, and is flanked by niches and set within a three-bay blind arcade, and there are two aedicules in the outer bays. The first floor has five sash windows. Inside, some plasterwork and
2904-506: The outer of four, carrying the pediment. The two outer columns on each side of the inner portico are engaged, the gaps between them being filled by arched openings. The whole facade is topped by six urns. The other three elevations are plainer, and feature Diocletian windows in the end elevations of the cross arms. Internally, the arms of the cross are apsed , with groin vaulting, and the crossing and corners are domed. The entablature and arches are richly decorated, as intended by Paine, but
2970-685: The residence of the Onslows, the new parish church at Glynde in Sussex , and the Gothic gateway at Bishop Auckland in Durham. He worked also on Claydon House for The 2nd Earl of Verney , a business associate through Ranelagh Gardens. Robinson left his brother William his title but not his estates. His other brother, Archbishop Lord Rokeby , had his books, including those on architecture and antiquities. Robinson and Lord Chesterfield maintained
3036-415: The rest of his decorative scheme, which would have included coffering in the apses and dome and statues in the niches of the apses, was not carried out. Nevertheless, the nineteenth-century furnishings, all made of cherrywood are of high quality and complete. They consist of a holy table surrounded by rails; a triple-decker pulpit , the sounding board supported by a single Ionic column; and box pews in
3102-451: The school of Palladio . On returning to England he purchased a commission in the army, but resigned it in favour of his brother Septimus. At the 1727 British general election Robinson was returned as Member of Parliament for Morpeth , through the influence of George Bowes . He was a supporter of the Whig government of Robert Walpole . Seeing no prospect of being returned at Morpeth at
3168-656: The second largest in the UK market. Petards make surveillance equipment including ANPR cameras, and its Joyce-Loebl division makes electronic warfare systems and countermeasure dispensing systems such as the AN/ALE-47 . Sevcon , an international company formed from a part of Smith Electric, is a world leader in electric vehicle controls. AEI Cables and Komatsu UK construction equipment at Birtley. J. Barbour & Sons make outdoor clothing in Simonside , Jarrow. SAFT Batteries make primary lithium batteries on
3234-521: The site of the Tanfield Group . Goodyear Dunlop had their only UK car tyre factory next to the Tanfield site until its 2006 closure. BAE Systems Global Combat Systems moved to a new £75 million factory at the former Goodyear site in 2011, where they make large calibre ammunition for tanks and artillery. The government's child benefit office is in Washington. Liebherr build cranes next to
3300-443: The stalls of the show stable survive, the latter separated by narrow wooden classical columns. The Banqueting House was built in 1746, and is an early example of Gothic Revival architecture , of the early form often called "Gothick". It has now been restored and is available for letting by the Landmark Trust , who now own it. The Column to Liberty was built between 1750 and 1759 to a design by Garrett, but completed by Paine after
3366-482: The structure were demolished in 1958, including the removal of the roof. What remains is protected by Grade II* listed building status and included in the Heritage at Risk Register . Parts of the grounds have been designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest , including a forest garden. The chapel and Long Walk have been in the National Trust's ownership since 1965, and an additional 354 acres (1.43 km) of
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#17327807397933432-533: The twentieth century; the banqueting house is now owned by the Landmark Trust , and much of the rest of the estate by the National Trust . The Blakiston family acquired the estate by marriage in about 1540. Sir William Blakiston (1562–1641) replaced the old house with a spacious mansion between 1603 and 1620. Both the Royal ( King James I of England ) coat of arms and the Blakiston coat of arms are seen over
3498-918: The two campuses of Northumbria University as well as the Newcastle University main campus. Offshore Group Newcastle make oil platforms . Sage Group , who produce accounting software , are based at Hazlerigg at the northern end of the Newcastle bypass. Northern Rock , which became a bank in 1997 and was taken over by Virgin Money in November 2011, and the Newcastle Building Society are based in Gosforth . The Gosforth-based bakery Greggs now has over 1,500 shops. The Balliol Business Park in Longbenton contains Procter & Gamble research and global business centres and
3564-636: The two stone piers at the entrance to the park from Greta Bridge . He practically made the place of which Sir Walter Scott wrote in his poem Rokeby , and built the great bridge which spans the River Tees there. In London, Robinson threw balls aimed at the people in power and in fashion; and ruined himself. Horace Walpole gave an account of his ball for a daughter of the Duke of Richmond in October 1741. There were two hundred guests invited. A second ball
3630-460: Was a commissioner of excise. He became a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London in 1735. Robinson's expenditure was extravagant. He rebuilt Rokeby Hall at Rokeby Park , the name of which he changed from Rookby. He enclosed the park with a stone wall (1725–30), and planted many forest trees (1730). These acts were recorded in 1737, in two Latin inscriptions on two marble tables, fixed in
3696-540: Was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1727 to 1734 and was a Governor of Barbados . He was an architect, collector and an extravagant character, whose life was the inspiration for numerous anecdotes. Robinson was eldest son and heir of William Robinson (bapt. Rokeby, Yorkshire, 23 September 1675, d. 24 February 1720), who married, in 1699, Anne, daughter and heiress of Robert Walters of Cundall in Yorkshire ; she died on 26 July 1730, aged 53, and
3762-498: Was built, the first electric structure of this type. The Local Government Act 1888 constituted Newcastle upon Tyne , Gateshead and Sunderland as county boroughs (Newcastle had " county corporate " status as the "County and Town of Newcastle upon Tyne" since 1400). Tynemouth joined them in 1904. Between the county boroughs, various other settlements also formed part of the administrative counties of Durham and of Northumberland . The need to reform local government on Tyneside
3828-467: Was buried in the centre of the south aisle of Merton church, Surrey , where a marble monument was placed to her memory. Sir Thomas, her son, also erected on the old Roman highway, near Rokeby, an obelisk in her honour. Another son was Richard, 1st Baron Rokeby , Church of Ireland Primate of All Ireland and Archbishop of Armagh . After finishing his education, Robinson went on the Grand Tour , paying attention to architecture in Greece and Italy, and
3894-446: Was buried in the southeast corner of the chancel of Merton church, a monument being placed there to his memory. A second monument was erected for him in Westminster Abbey , about 1778, with two portrait busts by John Walsh, commemorating also his first wife. Robinson's reputation was as a "specious, empty man", with a talent for flattery. He was tall and thin, while his contemporary of the same name Thomas Robinson, 1st Baron Grantham
3960-539: Was distributed from the area for many years. Clarke Chapman is next to the A167 in Gateshead. The MetroCentre , the largest shopping centre in Europe, is in Dunston . Scottish & Newcastle was the largest UK-owned brewery until it was bought by Heineken and Carlsberg in April 2008, and produced Newcastle Brown Ale at the Newcastle Federation Brewery in Dunston until production moved to Tadcaster in September 2010. At Team Valley are De La Rue , with their largest banknote printing facility, and Myson Radiators ,
4026-399: Was established in 1974 and was historically part of Northumberland and County Durham, with the River Tyne forming the border between the two. Its county council was abolished in 1986, but the county continues to exist. The most notable geographic features of the county are the River Tyne and River Wear , after which it is named and along which its major settlements developed. The county
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#17327807397934092-475: Was forced in 1769 to dispose of Rokeby Park , which had been in the possession of his family since 1610, to John Sawrey Morritt, the father of John Bacon Sawrey Morritt . Anna Eliza Bray wrote of his fondness for "books, the fine arts, music, and refined society", and mentions the weakness of his eyes. At last, he became blind, and her father used to read to him. Robinson died at his house at Chelsea on 3 March 1777, aged 76, without leaving legitimate issue, and
4158-563: Was given by him on 2 December 1741, when six hundred persons were invited and two hundred attended. The state of Robinson's finances brought about his expatriation. Lord Lincoln coveted his house at Whitehall , and secured for him in January 1742 the post of governor of Barbados . It is not certain whether the Duke coveted the house or the socialite the Lady Townshend who rented one half it. Arriving in Barbados on 8 August 1742, Robinson had trouble with his assembly, which raised difficulties about voting for his salary. Without consulting
4224-411: Was recognised by the government as early as 1935, when a Royal Commission to Investigate the Conditions of Local Government on Tyneside was appointed. The three commissioners were to: examine the system of local government in the areas of local government north and south of the river Tyne from the sea to the boundary of the Rural District of Castle Ward and Hexham in the County of Northumberland and to
4290-410: Was short and fat. "I can't imagine", said the witty Lady Townshend, "why one is preferred to the other. The one is as broad as the other is long". Robinson designed, for his wife's brother, the west wing of Castle Howard . Later in life he and Welbore Ellis persuaded Sir William Stanhope to "improve" Alexander Pope 's garden. Among Robinson's other works are parts of Ember Court, Surrey , then
4356-399: Was then buried in the mausoleum beneath the building. The building was designed in the Palladian style and takes the form of a Greek cross within a square, with a dome on a drum over the crossing. The north-east facade, which faces the Avenue, is the most highly-decorated part of the building. It consists of a double portico , the inner order consisting of six unfluted Ionic columns and
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