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118-694: Avicii Arena , originally known as Stockholm Globe Arena and previously as Ericsson Globe , but commonly referred to in Swedish simply as Globen ( pronounced [ˈɡlǔːbɛn] ; lit. ' the Globe ' ), is an indoor arena located in Stockholm Globe City , Johanneshov district of Stockholm , Sweden. The arena represents the Sun in the Sweden Solar System ,
236-445: A common gender with the definite suffix -en and the definite article den , in contrast with the neuter gender equivalents -et and det . The verb system was also more complex: it included subjunctive and imperative moods and verbs were conjugated according to person as well as number . By the 16th century, the case and gender systems of the colloquial spoken language and the profane literature had been largely reduced to
354-477: A guttural or "French R" pronunciation in the South Swedish dialects ; consequently, these dialects lack retroflex consonants . Swedish is a stress-timed language, where the time intervals between stressed syllables are equal. However, when casually spoken, it tends to be syllable-timed . Any stressed syllable carries one of two tones , which gives Swedish much of its characteristic sound. Prosody
472-481: A webcast of the contest was available on 18 European MSN sites as well as in the United States, Canada and Australia. Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators, are shown in the tables below. The Barbara Dex Award , created in 1997 by fansite House of Eurovision, was awarded to the performer deemed to have been the "worst dressed" among
590-537: A change from tauþr into tuþr . Moreover, the øy diphthong changed into a long, close ø , as in the Old Norse word for "island". By the end of the period, these innovations had affected most of the Runic Swedish-speaking area as well, with the exception of the dialects spoken north and east of Mälardalen where the diphthongs still exist in remote areas. Old Swedish (Swedish: fornsvenska )
708-528: A conversation. Due to the close relation between the Scandinavian languages, a considerable proportion of speakers of Danish and especially Norwegian are able to understand Swedish. There is considerable migration between the Nordic countries , but owing to the similarity between the cultures and languages (with the exception of Finnish ), expatriates generally assimilate quickly and do not stand out as
826-747: A group. According to the 2000 United States Census , some 67,000 people over the age of five were reported as Swedish speakers, though without any information on the degree of language proficiency. Similarly, there were 16,915 reported Swedish speakers in Canada from the 2001 census. Although there are no certain numbers, some 40,000 Swedes are estimated to live in the London area in the United Kingdom. Outside Sweden and Finland, there are about 40,000 active learners enrolled in Swedish language courses. In
944-582: A high standard, or where exceptional circumstances prevented a televote from being held. Jury voting was used in Russia due to an underdeveloped telephone system in the country. The Netherlands and Latvia had originally planned to use televoting to determine their points, however the votes of their back-up juries were used instead. In the Netherlands, due to the Enschede fireworks disaster the broadcast of
1062-472: A home game in their league was Huddinge IK (three home games there, all in 1993), followed by Hammarby IF (20 home games in Globen so far) and AC Camelen (one game in 1998, in the sixth level league, with 92 spectators). The first international game played in Globen was between Hammarby IF (Sweden) and Jokerit (Finland) a couple of weeks before the grand opening, although the players were only 12 years old at
1180-569: A large proportion of the remaining 100,000 in the Scandinavian countries, France, Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Canada and Australia. Over three million people speak Swedish as a second language, with about 2,410,000 of those in Finland. According to a survey by the European Commission , 44% of respondents from Finland who did not have Swedish as a native language considered themselves to be proficient enough in Swedish to hold
1298-417: A member of the group Blond that represented Sweden in 1997, was a backing singer for Malta 's Claudette Pace in this year's event. Additionally, Eamonn Toal competed for Ireland in this year's contest, having previously served as backing vocalist for Eddie Friel in 1995. Due to the high number of countries wishing to enter the contest, a relegation system was introduced in 1993 in order to reduce
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#17327717355691416-425: A more abstract sense, such as that set of fish; while fisken means "the fish". In certain cases, the definite form indicates possession, e. g., jag måste tvätta hår et ("I must wash my hair"). Adjectives are inflected in two declensions – indefinite and definite – and they must match the noun they modify in gender and number. The indefinite neuter and plural forms of an adjective are usually created by adding
1534-601: A night-time aerial shot of the Globe Arena, followed by live transmission from inside the arena, where violinist Caroline Lundgren, dressed in traditional Swedish folk costume , exclaimed "Welcome Europe!" This was followed by a welcome from the presenters of the contest, Kattis Ahlström and Anders Lundin, in various languages of the participating countries. The interval act, "Once Upon a Time Europe Was Covered with Ice", mixed pre-recorded elements from various musicians and people from across Europe with live performances within
1652-435: A noun. They can double as demonstrative pronouns or demonstrative determiners when used with adverbs such as här ("here") or där ("there") to form den/det här (can also be "denna/detta") ("this"), de här (can also be "dessa") ("these"), den/det där ("that"), and de där ("those"). For example, den där fisken means "that fish" and refers to a specific fish; den fisken is less definite and means "that fish" in
1770-604: A solo artist in this year's edition, following his appearance in the 1994 contest where he competed alongside Marie Bergman . The two members of the Cypriot duo Voice, Alexandros Panayi and Christina Argyri, had also both participated in Eurovision before, with Panayi having previously represented Cyprus in 1995 , while Argyri had been a backing performer at the same contest. A number of former participating artists also returned to perform as backing vocalists for some of
1888-689: A special branch of the Research Institute for the Languages of Finland has official status as the regulatory body for Swedish in Finland. Among its highest priorities is to maintain intelligibility with the language spoken in Sweden. It has published Finlandssvensk ordbok , a dictionary about the differences between Swedish in Finland and Sweden. From the 13th to 20th century, there were Swedish-speaking communities in Estonia , particularly on
2006-565: A staggered timetable for rehearsals in the contest venue to be developed by the organisers. Following the confirmation of the 24 competing countries, the draw to determine the running order was held in Stockholm on 21 November 1999. The results of the 2000 contest were determined using the scoring system introduced in 1975 : each country awarded twelve points to its favourite entry, followed by ten points to its second favourite, and then awarded points in decreasing value from eight to one for
2124-442: A suffix ( -t or -a ) to the common form of the adjective, e. g., en grön stol (a green chair), ett grönt hus (a green house), and gröna stolar ("green chairs"). The definite form of an adjective is identical to the indefinite plural form, e. g., den gröna stolen ("the green chair"), det gröna huset ("the green house"), and de gröna stolarna ("the green chairs"). Swedish pronouns are similar to those of English. Besides
2242-431: A televote due to technological limitations could be granted an exception and their points would then be determined by a jury. Countries conducting a televote were also required to appoint a jury, the votes of which could be used in case of a technical failure which prevented the televoting results from being rendered unusable. Each jury was composed of eight individuals, which was required to be split evenly between members of
2360-413: A village, Gammalsvenskby ("Old Swedish Village"). A few elderly people in the village still speak a Swedish dialect and observe the holidays of the Swedish calendar, although their dialect is most likely facing extinction. From 1918 to 1940, when Estonia was independent, the small Swedish community was well treated. Municipalities with a Swedish majority, mainly found along the coast, used Swedish as
2478-676: Is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family , spoken predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland . It has at least 10 million native speakers, making it the fourth most spoken Germanic language , and the first among its type in the Nordic countries overall. Swedish, like the other Nordic languages , is a descendant of Old Norse , the common language of the Germanic peoples living in Scandinavia during
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#17327717355692596-892: Is an Indo-European language belonging to the North Germanic branch of the Germanic languages . In the established classification, it belongs to the East Scandinavian languages , together with Danish , separating it from the West Scandinavian languages , consisting of Faroese , Icelandic , and Norwegian . However, more recent analyses divide the North Germanic languages into two groups: Insular Scandinavian (Faroese and Icelandic), and Continental Scandinavian (Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish), based on mutual intelligibility due to heavy influence of East Scandinavian (particularly Danish) on Norwegian during
2714-481: Is generally seen as adding specific Central Swedish features to the new Bible. Though it might seem as if the Bible translation set a very powerful precedent for orthographic standards, spelling actually became more inconsistent during the remainder of the century. It was not until the 17th century that spelling began to be discussed, around the time when the first grammars were written. Capitalization during this time
2832-538: Is marked primarily through suffixes (endings), complemented with separate definite and indefinite articles . The prosody features both stress and in most dialects tonal qualities. The language has a comparatively large vowel inventory. Swedish is also notable for the voiceless dorso-palatal velar fricative , a highly variable consonant phoneme . Swedish nouns and adjectives are declined in genders as well as number . Nouns are of common gender ( en form) or neuter gender ( ett form). The gender determines
2950-568: Is often one of the most noticeable differences between dialects. The standard word order is, as in most Germanic languages , V2 , which means that the finite verb (V) appears in the second position (2) of a declarative main clause . Swedish morphology is similar to English; that is, words have comparatively few inflections . Swedish has two genders and is generally seen to have two grammatical cases – nominative and genitive (except for pronouns that, as in English, also are inflected in
3068-638: Is one of the official languages of the European Union , and one of the working languages of the Nordic Council . Under the Nordic Language Convention , citizens of the Nordic countries speaking Swedish have the opportunity to use their native language when interacting with official bodies in other Nordic countries without being liable for interpretation or translation costs. The Swedish Language Council ( Språkrådet )
3186-475: Is termed nusvenska (lit., "Now-Swedish") in linguistics, and started in the last decades of the 19th century. It saw a democratization of the language with a less formal written form that approached the spoken one. The growth of a public school system also led to the evolution of so-called boksvenska (literally, "book Swedish"), especially among the working classes, where spelling to some extent influenced pronunciation, particularly in official contexts. With
3304-464: Is the predominant language; in 19 municipalities , 16 of which are located in Åland , Swedish is the sole official language. Åland county is an autonomous region of Finland. According to a rough estimation, as of 2010 there were up to 300,000 Swedish-speakers living outside Sweden and Finland. The largest populations were in the United States (up to 100,000), the UK, Spain and Germany (c. 30,000 each) and
3422-455: Is the regulator of Swedish in Sweden but does not attempt to enforce control of the language, as for instance the Académie française does for French . However, many organizations and agencies require the use of the council's publication Svenska skrivregler in official contexts, with it otherwise being regarded as a de facto orthographic standard. Among the many organizations that make up
3540-407: Is the sole official language of Åland (an autonomous province under the sovereignty of Finland), where the vast majority of the 26,000 inhabitants speak Swedish as a first language. In Finland as a whole, Swedish is one of the two "national" languages, with the same official status as Finnish (spoken by the majority) at the state level and an official language in some municipalities . Swedish
3658-631: Is the term used for the medieval Swedish language. The start date is usually set to 1225 since this is the year that Västgötalagen ("the Västgöta Law") is believed to have been compiled for the first time. It is among the most important documents of the period written in Latin script and the oldest Swedish law codes . Old Swedish is divided into äldre fornsvenska (1225–1375) and yngre fornsvenska (1375–1526), "older" and "younger" Old Swedish. Important outside influences during this time came with
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3776-465: The Gustav Vasa Bible , a translation deemed so successful and influential that, with revisions incorporated in successive editions, it remained the most common Bible translation until 1917. The main translators were Laurentius Andreæ and the brothers Laurentius and Olaus Petri . The Vasa Bible is often considered to be a reasonable compromise between old and new; while not adhering to
3894-442: The 2004 contest this logo was also considered by contest organisers when developing the contest's new generic logo for that edition. The logo also featured prominently as part of the set design; the outline of the mouth featured on a display next to the stage and was filled with a distorted form of each country's national flag as their entry was performed. The 2000 contest was the first to incorporate LED display technology within
4012-467: The French vous (see T-V distinction ). Ni wound up being used as a slightly less familiar form of du , the singular second person pronoun, used to address people of lower social status. With the liberalization and radicalization of Swedish society in the 1950s and 1960s, these class distinctions became less important, and du became the standard, even in formal and official contexts. Though
4130-467: The Olsen Brothers . This marked Denmark's second contest win, thirty-seven years after their first victory in 1963 . Russia and Estonia achieved their best-ever results, finishing second and fourth respectively, while Latvia achieved one of the strongest ever début performances in the contest's history with a third-place finish. Denmark's win was considered by some to be a surprise, as
4248-518: The United States , particularly during the 19th and early 20th centuries, there was a significant Swedish-speaking immigrant population. This was notably true in states like Minnesota , where many Swedish immigrants settled. By 1940, approximately 6% of Minnesota's population spoke Swedish. Although the use of Swedish has significantly declined, it is not uncommon to find older generations and communities that still retain some use and knowledge of
4366-585: The Viking Age . It is largely mutually intelligible with Norwegian and Danish , although the degree of mutual intelligibility is dependent on the dialect and accent of the speaker. Standard Swedish , spoken by most Swedes , is the national language that evolved from the Central Swedish dialects in the 19th century, and was well established by the beginning of the 20th century. While distinct regional varieties and rural dialects still exist,
4484-697: The naming rights to the Stockholm Globe Arena were officially acquired by Swedish telecommunications company Ericsson , and it became known as the Ericsson Globe. In 2021, it was announced that the arena would be renamed the Avicii Arena in honour of the late Swedish DJ Avicii , who died in 2018. To commemorate the new name, the Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra recorded a performance of
4602-581: The nationalist ideas that emerged during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the languages have separate orthographies , dictionaries, grammars, and regulatory bodies. Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish are thus from a linguistic perspective more accurately described as a dialect continuum of Scandinavian (North Germanic), and some of the dialects, such as those on the border between Norway and Sweden, especially parts of Bohuslän , Dalsland , western Värmland , western Dalarna , Härjedalen , Jämtland , and Scania , could be described as intermediate dialects of
4720-410: The object form) – although it is debated if the genitive in Swedish should be seen as a genitive case or just the nominative plus the so-called genitive s , then seen as a clitic . Swedish has two grammatical numbers – plural and singular . Adjectives have discrete comparative and superlative forms and are also inflected according to gender, number and definiteness . The definiteness of nouns
4838-399: The 1950s, when their use was removed from all official recommendations. A very significant change in Swedish occurred in the late 1960s, with the so-called du-reformen . Previously, the proper way to address people of the same or higher social status had been by title and surname. The use of herr ("Mr." or "Sir"), fru ("Mrs." or "Ma'am") or fröken ("Miss") was considered
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4956-574: The 1985 contest; Malmömässan in Malmö; and Globen in Stockholm. Malmö was subsequently eliminated as a potential host city, due to high costs required to complete a suitable arena within the Malmömässan area and which would still have a relatively small audience capacity compared to the other venues on offer. Of the remaining options, Stockholm and Globen were ultimately chosen by SVT managing director Sam Nilsson [ sv ] to host
5074-399: The 1999 contest, were relegated after achieving the lowest average points totals over the preceding five contests. These countries were replaced by Latvia in its first contest appearance, Finland , Macedonia , Romania and Switzerland which were relegated from the previous year's event, and Russia which returned after a two-year absence. The winner was Denmark with the song " Fly on
5192-495: The 2000 contest focussed on different aspects of life in Sweden; central to each country's postcard was a specific concept, e.g. an object or person, from that country which can be found in everyday Swedish life. The exception to this was the postcard for the Swedish entry, which showed a group of workers at Expo 2000 in Hannover , Germany. Listed below by order of performance are the locations featured in each postcard as well as
5310-485: The 8th century, the common Germanic language of Scandinavia, Proto-Norse , evolved into Old Norse. This language underwent more changes that did not spread to all of Scandinavia, which resulted in the appearance of two similar dialects: Old West Norse (Norway, the Faroe Islands and Iceland) and Old East Norse (Denmark and Sweden). The dialects of Old East Norse spoken in Sweden are called Runic Swedish , while
5428-464: The Avicii song " For a Better Day ", with vocals provided by fourteen-year-old Swedish singer Ella Tiritiello. In June 2022, it was decided to renovate and modernize the arena throughout 2024, with a view of hosting the 2025 IIHF World Championship (which is to be jointly held in Sweden and Denmark) and as part of the unclear Stockholm bid for the 2030 Winter Olympics . After the scheduled reopening at
5546-630: The Globe Arena, and was composed and edited by Johan Söderberg and produced by John Nordling. The performance within the Globe Arena featured Lundgren on violin, the Strängnäs Drum Corps, street musicians and performers from Stockholm, and the Bounce Streetdance Company [ sv ] . The winner was Denmark represented by the song " Fly on the Wings of Love ", written by Jørgen Olsen and performed by
5664-540: The Globe on 26 May 2009. The artist, Mikael Genberg , intended it to illustrate two important symbols for Sweden: the high-technology Globe building and the traditional, simple small countryside cottage in Falu red with white trim. The house was positioned some distance from the exact top position of the Globe. Genberg also hoped to eventually place a similar cottage on the Moon , which has not yet happened. The cottage remained on
5782-520: The Globe until October 2009. Opened in February 2010, Skyview is an exterior inclined elevator which transports visitors to the top of the arena for a virtually unobstructed view of Stockholm. It has two spherical gondolas, each able to accommodate up to 12 passengers, which travel along parallel tracks on the exterior of the south side of the globe. Swedish language Swedish ( endonym : svenska [ˈsvɛ̂nːska] )
5900-471: The Modern Swedish period were the gradual assimilation of several different consonant clusters into the fricative [ʃ] and later into [ɧ] . There was also the gradual softening of [ɡ] and [k] into [j] and the fricative [ɕ] before front vowels . The velar fricative [ɣ] was also transformed into the corresponding plosive [ɡ] . The period that includes Swedish as it is spoken today
6018-646: The NHL Global Series event. The Global Series returned to Avicii Arena in November 2023, with the Senators returning and being joined by the Detroit Red Wings , Minnesota Wild , and Toronto Maple Leafs . Each team played two games during the event. 6 May 23 Eros Ramazzotti Batitto Infinito A small cottage in aluminum with a 12-square-metre (130 sq ft) base was placed upon
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#17327717355696136-601: The Swedish Language Council, the Swedish Academy (established 1786) is arguably the most influential. Its primary instruments are the spelling dictionary Svenska Akademiens ordlista ( SAOL , currently in its 14th edition) and the dictionary Svenska Akademiens Ordbok , in addition to various books on grammar, spelling and manuals of style. Although the dictionaries have a prescriptive element, they mainly describe current usage. In Finland,
6254-496: The Wings of Love ", written by Jørgen Olsen and performed by the Olsen Brothers . Although Denmark was not a pre-contest favourite to win the title, "Fly on the Wings of Love" received the third-highest points total yet seen in the contest, gaining 195 points, and the song went on to become a success in singles charts across Europe. Russia, Latvia, Estonia , and Germany rounded out the top five, with Russia and Estonia achieving their best ever results, and Latvia achieving one of
6372-502: The administrative language and Swedish-Estonian culture saw an upswing. However, most Swedish-speaking people fled to Sweden before the end of World War II , that is, before the invasion of Estonia by the Soviet army in 1944. Only a handful of speakers remain. Swedish dialects have either 17 or 18 vowel phonemes , 9 long and 9 short. As in the other Germanic languages, including English, most long vowels are phonetically paired with one of
6490-409: The broadcaster did not prevent the group from performing in the contest, it was reported that the broadcaster had pulled funding for the group entirely. The table below outlines the participating countries, the order in which they performed, the competing artists and songs, and the results of the voting. Each country nominated a spokesperson who was responsible for announcing, in English or French,
6608-504: The colloquial spoken language of its day, it was not overly conservative in its use of archaic forms. It was a major step towards a more consistent Swedish orthography . It established the use of the vowels "å", "ä", and "ö", and the spelling "ck" in place of "kk", distinguishing it clearly from the Danish Bible, perhaps intentionally, given the ongoing rivalry between the countries. All three translators came from central Sweden, which
6726-463: The competing entries: Eyjólfur Kristjánsson [ is ] , having previously represented Iceland in 1991 alongside Stefán Hilmarsson [ is ] , returned to support the Icelandic duo August and Telma as a backing singer; Albano Carrisi , who twice represented Italy with Romina Power in 1976 and 1985 , supported Switzerland's Jane Bogaert on stage; and Gabriel Forss,
6844-442: The concept for the respective country represented: The contest took place on 13 May 2000 at 21:00 ( CEST ) and lasted 3 hours and 2 minutes. The show began with a video montage, comprising various scenes of contemporary Sweden overlayed with the shadow of a human mouth, representing the contest logo, reciting the names of the 24 participating countries in English in the order in which they would perform. The montage finished with
6962-440: The contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their viewers. These commentators were typically sent to the venue to report on the event, and were able to provide commentary from small booths constructed at the back of the venue. In addition to the broadcasts by EBU members, the contest was also available on the internet for the first time in its history. Sponsored by Microsoft ,
7080-402: The contest was held in Sweden following the country's victory at the 1999 contest with the song " Take Me to Your Heaven " by Charlotte Nilsson . With an audience of 13,000 people present, the 2000 contest was the largest yet seen in its history. Twenty-four countries took part in the contest. Bosnia and Herzegovina , Lithuania , Poland , Portugal and Slovenia , which had participated in
7198-519: The contest was suspended partway through and thus a televote could not be held, while in Latvia televoting lines were overloaded resulting in viewers unable to vote and leaving organisers unable to accurately determine a valid result. The announcement of the results from each country was conducted in the order in which they performed, with the spokespersons announcing their country's points in English or French in ascending order. The detailed breakdown of
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#17327717355697316-651: The contest, the Globe Arena was the largest venue the Eurovision Song Contest had ever seen at that point. Host broadcaster Sveriges Television (SVT) approached venues in three cities – namely Gothenburg, Malmö and Stockholm – to establish a suitable host city and venue for the contest. The venues chosen following this initial round of discussions were the Scandinavium in Gothenburg, which had previously hosted
7434-493: The countries relegated for the 2000 contest are outlined in the table below. Table key The Eurovision Song Contest 2000 was produced SVT ; Svante Stockselius served as executive producer , Peter Lundin served as producer , Marius Bratten served as director , and Mikael Varhelyi and Kristofer Röhr served as designers . On behalf of the contest organisers, the European Broadcasting Union (EBU),
7552-403: The declension of the adjectives . For example, the word fisk ("fish") is a noun of common gender ( en fisk ) and can have the following forms: The definite singular form of a noun is created by adding a suffix ( -en , -n , -et or -t ), depending on its gender and if the noun ends in a vowel or not. The definite articles den , det , and de are used for variations to the definitiveness of
7670-541: The dialects of Denmark are referred to as Runic Danish . The dialects are described as "runic" because the main body of text appears in the runic alphabet . Unlike Proto-Norse, which was written with the Elder Futhark alphabet, Old Norse was written with the Younger Futhark alphabet, which had only 16 letters. Because the number of runes was limited, some runes were used for a range of phonemes , such as
7788-529: The event was overseen by Christine Marchal-Ortiz as executive supervisor . The contest was presented by the journalist Kattis Ahlström and the television presenter Anders Lundin . The graphic design, including the contest's logo, scoreboard, on-screen overlays and postcards, was developed by Stockholm Design Lab. The chosen logo, presented publicly in early 2000, was a pair of open lips, and described as "a sensual, yet stylistically pure, mouth representing song, dialogue and speech" by its designers; ahead of
7906-510: The event. Stockholm's bid won out over Gothenburg due to the lower costs of producing the event in the capital as well as with Stockholm having not hosted the event since 1975. Per the rules of the contest twenty-four countries were allowed to participate in the 2000 contest, one more than the twenty-three countries that participated in the 1999 event . Latvia entered the contest for the first time, and Finland , Macedonia , Romania , Russia , and Switzerland returned after being absent from
8024-545: The firm establishment of the Christian church and various monastic orders, introducing many Greek and Latin loanwords. With the rise of Hanseatic power in the late 13th and early 14th century, Middle Low German became very influential. The Hanseatic league provided Swedish commerce and administration with a large number of Low German -speaking immigrants. Many became quite influential members of Swedish medieval society, and brought terms from their native languages into
8142-560: The highest placings for a début entry in the contest's history. The 2000 contest was the first to be broadcast over the internet , with a webcast of the live show available in Europe, the United States, Canada and Australia through Microsoft 's MSN portals. The 2000 contest took place in Stockholm , Sweden, following the country's victory at the 1999 edition with the song " Take Me to Your Heaven ", performed by Charlotte Nilsson . It
8260-430: The industrialization and urbanization of Sweden well under way by the last decades of the 19th century, a new breed of authors made their mark on Swedish literature . Many scholars, politicians and other public figures had a great influence on the emerging national language, among them prolific authors like the poet Gustaf Fröding , Nobel laureate Selma Lagerlöf and radical writer and playwright August Strindberg . It
8378-614: The islands (e. g., Hiiumaa , Vormsi , Ruhnu ; in Swedish, known as Dagö , Ormsö , Runö , respectively) along the coast of the Baltic , communities that today have all disappeared. The Swedish-speaking minority was represented in parliament , and entitled to use their native language in parliamentary debates. After the loss of Estonia to the Russian Empire in the early 18th century, around 1,000 Estonian Swedish speakers were forced to march to southern Ukraine , where they founded
8496-484: The language, particularly in rural communities like Lindström and Scandia . Swedish is the official main language of Sweden. Swedish is also one of two official languages of Finland. In Sweden, it has long been used in local and state government, and most of the educational system, but remained only a de facto primary language with no official status in law until 2009. A bill was proposed in 2005 that would have made Swedish an official language, but failed to pass by
8614-490: The last millennium and divergence from both Faroese and Icelandic. By many general criteria of mutual intelligibility, the Continental Scandinavian languages could very well be considered dialects of a common Scandinavian language. However, because of several hundred years of sometimes quite intense rivalry between Denmark and Sweden, including a long series of wars from the 16th to 18th centuries, and
8732-641: The most recent contest determined the final order. Bosnia and Herzegovina , Lithuania , Poland , Portugal and Slovenia were therefore excluded from participating in the 2000 contest, to make way for the return of Finland, Macedonia, Romania, Russia and Switzerland, and debuting country Latvia. Broadcasters in Greece , Hungary and Slovakia , participating countries from the 1998 contest which had not competed in 1999, and were therefore eligible to participate in 2000, decided not to enter, reportedly due to financial reasons. The calculations used to determine
8850-577: The narrowest possible margin (145–147) due to a pairing-off failure. A proposal for a broader language law, designating Swedish as the main language of the country and bolstering the status of the minority languages, was submitted by an expert committee to the Swedish Ministry of Culture in March 2008. It was subsequently enacted by the Riksdag , and entered into effect on 1 July 2009. Swedish
8968-421: The national standard languages. Swedish pronunciations also vary greatly from one region to another, a legacy of the vast geographic distances and historical isolation. Even so, the vocabulary is standardized to a level that make dialects within Sweden virtually fully mutually intelligible. East Germanic languages West Germanic languages Icelandic Faroese Norwegian Danish Swedish In
9086-421: The non-voting jury chairperson to determine the points to be awarded. In any cases where two or more songs received the same number of votes, a show of hands by all jury members was used to determine the final placing; if a tie still remained, the youngest jury member would have the deciding vote. All juries were based in their own countries and followed the contest through television, seeing the performances just as
9204-424: The north. An early change that separated Runic Danish from the other dialects of Old East Norse was the change of the diphthong æi to the monophthong é , as in stæinn to sténn "stone". This is reflected in runic inscriptions where the older read stain and the later stin . There was also a change of au as in dauðr into a long open ø as in døðr "dead". This change is shown in runic inscriptions as
9322-406: The number of countries which could compete in each year's contest. Any relegated countries would be able to return the following year, thus allowing all countries the opportunity to compete in at least one in every two editions. The relegation rules introduced for the 1997 contest were again utilised ahead of the 2000 contest, based on each country's average points total in previous contests. However
9440-634: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic . In November 2021, it hosted the Counter-Strike: Global Offensive tournament Major Stockholm 2021 . Since 2000 , the National Hockey League has used the arena for occasional games, both in the preseason and the regular season. The most recent games at the arena were two regular-season games between the Buffalo Sabres and Tampa Bay Lightning in November 2019, part of
9558-441: The only acceptable way to begin conversation with strangers of unknown occupation, academic title or military rank. The fact that the listener should preferably be referred to in the third person tended to further complicate spoken communication between members of society. In the early 20th century, an unsuccessful attempt was made to replace the insistence on titles with ni —the standard second person plural pronoun)—analogous to
9676-441: The organisers and followed a previous attempt at an album for the 1999 contest which failed to contain all entries in that year's contest due to copyright issues. Each participating broadcaster was represented by one song, which was required to be no longer than three minutes in duration. A maximum of six performers were allowed on stage during each country's performance and all performers were required to be at least 16 years old in
9794-402: The original Germanic three- gender system. Nouns , adjectives , pronouns and certain numerals were inflected in four cases; besides the extant nominative , there were also the genitive (later possessive ), dative and accusative . The gender system resembled that of modern German , having masculine, feminine and neuter genders. The masculine and feminine genders were later merged into
9912-485: The points awarded by each country is listed in the tables below. The below table summarises how the maximum 12 points were awarded from one country to another. The winning country is shown in bold. Denmark received the maximum score of 12 points from eight countries, with Latvia and Russia receiving four sets of 12 points each, Germany receiving three sets, Turkey receiving two, and Iceland, Romania and Sweden each receiving one maximum score. Each participating broadcaster
10030-447: The points to be awarded from the last five countries in the voting order were also required to be sent ahead of time via fax to the contest organisers. Each entry was preceded by a video postcard which served as an introduction to that country, as well as providing an opportunity to showcase the running artistic theme of the event and to create a transition between entries to allow stage crew to make changes on stage. The postcards for
10148-427: The previous year's event. 1999 participants Bosnia and Herzegovina , Lithuania , Poland , Portugal and Slovenia did not participate in this year's contest. Several of the performing artists had previously competed as lead artists in past editions. Spain 's Serafín Zubiri competed in the contest for a second time, having previously participated for his country in 1992 . Sweden 's Roger Pontare competed as
10266-470: The previous year's winning country and the Big Four, the remaining places in the 2000 contest were given to any eligible countries which had not competed in the 1999 contest, and the countries which had competed in 1999 that had obtained the highest average points total over the preceding five contests. In cases where the average was identical between two or more countries, the total number of points scored in
10384-412: The public and music professionals, comprised additionally of an equal number of men and women, and below and above 30 years of age. Each jury member voted in secret and awarded between one and ten votes to each participating song, excluding that from their own country and with no abstentions permitted. The votes of each member were collected immediately following the country's performance and then tallied by
10502-426: The public watching at home would. Juries watched not only the contest itself on 13 May 2000 but also the final dress rehearsal, which was held on the same day and produced under the exact same conditions as the actual contest. In order to maintain the integrity of the vote, reception of the contest to the juries was severed during the announcement of the results until after the points for their country had been announced;
10620-480: The reform was not an act of any centralized political decree, but rather the result of sweeping change in social attitudes, it was completed in just a few years, from the late 1960s to early 1970s. The use of ni as a polite form of address is sometimes encountered today in both the written and spoken language, particularly among older speakers. Swedish is the sole official national language of Sweden , and one of two in Finland (alongside Finnish ). As of 2006, it
10738-428: The remaining songs which featured in the country's top ten, with countries unable to vote for their own entry. Each participating country was required to use televoting to determine their points, with viewers able to register their vote by telephone for a total of five minutes following the performance of the last competing entry. Viewers could vote by calling one of twenty-three different telephone numbers to represent
10856-477: The rules were modified for 2000 to ensure that the four participating countries which provide the largest financial contribution towards the organisation of the contest would be given an automatic place in the contest every year. This group – comprising France , Germany , Spain and the United Kingdom – was subsequently dubbed the " Big Four " group of countries. Alongside
10974-468: The rune for the vowel u , which was also used for the vowels o , ø and y , and the rune for i , also used for e . From 1200 onwards, the dialects in Denmark began to diverge from those of Sweden. The innovations spread unevenly from Denmark, creating a series of minor dialectal boundaries, or isoglosses , ranging from Zealand in the south to Norrland , Österbotten and northwestern Finland in
11092-496: The set design, with five LED pillars featuring on stage during each performance and displaying images designed to complement each song's theme or presentation and producing a unique backdrop to each performance. A compilation album featuring all 24 competing entries was released within Europe ahead of the contest, through the German record labels Ariola and BMG . This was the first time an official album had been commissioned by
11210-444: The short /e/ (transcribed ⟨ ɛ ⟩ in the chart below). There are 18 consonant phonemes, two of which, / ɧ / and /r/ , vary considerably in pronunciation depending on the dialect and social status of the speaker. In many dialects, sequences of /r/ (pronounced alveolarly) with a dental consonant result in retroflex consonants ; alveolarity of the pronunciation of /r/ is a precondition for this retroflexion. /r/ has
11328-428: The short vowels, and the pairs are such that the two vowels are of similar quality , but with the short vowel being slightly lower and slightly centralized. In contrast to e.g. Danish, which has only tense vowels, the short vowels are slightly more lax, but the tense vs. lax contrast is not nearly as pronounced as in English, German or Dutch. In many dialects, the short vowel sound pronounced [ɛ] or [æ] has merged with
11446-518: The song was not among the pre-contest favourites of fans or bookmakers , both of which had highly tipped Estonia for the win; however the Danish song ultimately received the third-highest points total yet seen at Eurovision and would go on to success across European charts in the weeks following the contest. Following the contest, the Russian delegation petitioned for Denmark to be disqualified due to
11564-466: The song, about an Israeli woman having a love affair with a man from Damascus , also saw the group waving both Israeli and Syrian flags in a call for peace between the two nations . However the participating Israeli broadcaster IBA raised objections during rehearsals, and subsequently disavowed its entry from the contest after the group refused to remove the Syrian flags from their performance; although
11682-561: The start of 2025, the neighboring Hovet arena is scheduled to be demolished and the site is to become part of the new district of Soderhov . In July 2023, it was announced that the NCC company had received the contract for the renovation. The Globe is primarily used for ice hockey , and is the former home arena of AIK , Djurgårdens IF , and Hammarby IF . It is also used for musical performances as well as other sports than ice hockey, for example futsal (indoor football). The third team to play
11800-573: The subject in a clause, a trait that is restricted to North Germanic languages: Eurovision Song Contest 2000 The Eurovision Song Contest 2000 was the 45th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest , held on 13 May 2000 at the Globe Arena in Stockholm , Sweden and presented by Kattis Ahlström and Anders Lundin . Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Sveriges Television (SVT),
11918-537: The time (born 1977) and it was a friendly game. The arena hosted the final of Sveriges Television 's yearly music competition Melodifestivalen , Sweden's qualifier show for the Eurovision Song Contest , until 2012. The show returned to the arena for the first three heats of the 2022 competition. It also hosted the Eurovision Song Contest in 2000 and 2016 . In March 2021, it hosted the World Figure Skating Championships despite
12036-509: The twenty-four competing entries except that which represented their own country. Once phone lines were opened a video recap containing short clips of each competing entry with the accompanying phone number for voting was shown in order to aid viewers during the voting window, with each household able to vote a maximum of three times. Systems were also put in place to prevent lobby groups from one country voting for their entry by travelling to other countries. Countries which were unable to hold
12154-534: The two cases and two genders of modern Swedish. A transitional change of the Latin script in the Nordic countries was to spell the letter combination "ae" as æ – and sometimes as a' – though it varied between persons and regions. The combination "ao" was similarly rendered a , and "oe" became o . These three were later to evolve into the separate letters ä , å and ö . The first time the new letters were used in print
12272-517: The two natural genders han and hon ("he" and "she"), there are also the two grammatical genders den and det , usually termed common and neuter . In recent years, a gender-neutral pronoun hen has been introduced, particularly in literary Swedish. Unlike the nouns, pronouns have an additional object form, derived from the old dative form. Hon , for example, has the following nominative, possessive, and object forms: Swedish also uses third-person possessive reflexive pronouns that refer to
12390-572: The upper area there are 40 VIP boxes and a restaurant. The steel, concrete and glass construction designed by the architects Berg Arkitektkontor AB is supported by a MERO space structure. Globen was inaugurated on 19 February 1989 after a construction period of less than three years. The first major events were Melodifestivalen , the Ice Hockey World Championships and the Men's European Volleyball Championships . In 2009,
12508-620: The use of a vocoder during a brief moment of the performance to add an electronic sound to the vocals; the petition was ultimately rejected by the EBU. The Israeli entry, " Sameach " by the group PingPong , caused some controversy in the lead-up to the contest. The music video for the song, released the month before the contest, featured same-sex kissing amongst the band members, singing into cucumbers , and other suggestive scenes with phallic imagery, which caused consternation with Israeli religious leaders and right-wing groups. The performance of
12626-439: The vocabulary. Besides a great number of loanwords for such areas as warfare, trade and administration, general grammatical suffixes and even conjunctions were imported. The League also brought a certain measure of influence from Danish (at the time Swedish and Danish were much more similar than today). Early Old Swedish was markedly different from the modern language in that it had a more complex case structure and also retained
12744-414: The votes for their respective country. As had been the case since the 1994 contest , the spokespersons were connected via satellite and appeared in vision during the broadcast; spokespersons at the 2000 contest are listed below. All countries were expected to use televoting to determine the points awarded by all countries, unless technological limitations in a country prevented a televote being held to
12862-522: The world's largest scale model of the Solar System. Avicii Arena was the largest spherical building on Earth until September 29, 2023 and took two and a half years to build. It has a diameter of 110 metres (360 ft) and an inner height of 85 metres (279 ft). The volume of the building is 605,000 cubic metres (21,400,000 cu ft) and it has a seating capacity of 16,000 spectators for shows and concerts, and 13,850 for ice hockey . In
12980-530: The written language is uniform and standardized . Swedish is the most widely spoken second language in Finland where its status is co- official language . Swedish was long spoken in parts of Estonia , although the current status of the Estonian Swedish speakers is almost extinct. It is also used in the Swedish diaspora , most notably in Oslo , Norway, with more than 50,000 Swedish residents. Swedish
13098-422: The year the contest was held. Selected entries were not permitted to be released commercially before 1 January 2000, and were then only allowed to be released in the country they represented until after the contest was held (except as part of a compilation album of all participating songs). The final submission date for all selected entries to be received by the contest organisers was set for 10 March. This submission
13216-484: Was during the 20th century that a common, standardized national language became available to all Swedes. The orthography finally stabilized and became almost completely uniform, with some minor deviations, by the time of the spelling reform of 1906. With the exception of plural forms of verbs and a slightly different syntax, particularly in the written language, the language was the same as the Swedish of today. The plural verb forms appeared decreasingly in formal writing into
13334-656: Was in Aff dyäffwlsens frästilse ("By the Devil's temptation") published by Johan Gerson in 1495. Modern Swedish (Swedish: nysvenska ) begins with the advent of the printing press and the European Reformation . After assuming power, the new monarch Gustav Vasa ordered a Swedish translation of the Bible . The New Testament was published in 1526, followed by a full Bible translation in 1541, usually referred to as
13452-523: Was not standardized. It depended on the authors and their background. Those influenced by German capitalized all nouns, while others capitalized more sparsely. It is also not always apparent which letters are capitalized owing to the Gothic or blackletter typeface that was used to print the Bible. This typeface was in use until the mid-18th century, when it was gradually replaced with a Latin typeface (often Antiqua ). Some important changes in sound during
13570-473: Was required to include a sound recording of the entry and backing track for use during the contest, a video presentation of the song on stage being performed by the artists, and the text of the song lyrics in its original language and translations in French and English for distribution to the participating broadcasters, their commentators and juries. Selected performers were required to be available from 7 May, with
13688-417: Was required to relay live and in full the contest via television. Non-participating EBU member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants"; any passive countries wishing to participate in the following year's event were also required to provide a live broadcast of the contest or a deferred broadcast within 24 hours. Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of
13806-412: Was the fourth time that Sweden had staged the contest, following the 1975 , 1985 and 1992 contests held in Stockholm, Gothenburg , and Malmö , respectively. The selected venue was the Globe Arena , also known as Globen in Swedish, an indoor arena first opened in 1989 and the world's largest hemispherical building . With capacity for over 16,000 people, which was reduced slightly to 13,000 for
13924-482: Was the sole native language of 83% of Swedish residents. In 2007, around 5.5% (c. 290,000) of the population of Finland were native speakers of Swedish, partially due to a decline following the Russian annexation of Finland after the Finnish War 1808–1809. The Fenno-Swedish - speaking minority is concentrated in the coastal areas and archipelagos of southern and western Finland. In some of these areas, Swedish
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