75-616: Grey-Green was a bus and coach operator in England. It was based in Stamford Hill and operated in London and the East of England. Grey-Green can trace its origins back over a century to the foundation of George Ewer's horse carriage business in 1885. The business prospered, and summer-only services were soon operating to many South Coast resorts. Before the end of the 1920s, East Anglia
150-507: A 51% shareholding Transportes Sul do Tejo, a scheduled bus and coach operator in the growing commuter region south of Lisbon . In September 2003, Arriva exercised an option to buy the remainder of the company. In May 2006, Arriva acquired a 21.5% share of leading transport company Barraqueiro , with bus and rail operations in and around Lisbon, increasing the shareholding in January 2008 to 31.5%. In December 2021, Arriva Portugal announced
225-416: A Torah Procession parade, and was meant to provide directions for members who wished to avoid contact with the opposite sex. After complaints about the sign were raised, a group of Shomrim who regularly police the area contacted the organisers to tell them that the posters "lacked explanation". The posters were removed, and the organisers agreed to take the signs down more quickly the following year. Since
300-487: A bridge, which replaced the ford, referred to as "Stamford Bridge". The hill rises gently from the former course of the Hackney Brook to the south, and its steeper northern slope provided a natural boundary for the traditional ( parish and borough ) extent of Hackney , and now does so for the wider modern borough . Stamford Hill lies on the old Roman road of Ermine Street , on the high ground where it meets
375-566: A contract to operate trains from Dordrecht to Gorinchem and on to Geldermalsen ( MerwedeLingelijn ). In 2012, Arriva commenced operating trains in the Achterhoek and between Zwolle and Emmen ; these services operate under the Spurt brand. On 21 June 2013, Arriva was selected to operate a new service between The Hague and Brussels . Service was set to start in December 2015, but
450-640: A further five routes were taken over and a new Barking garage opened. By 1994, the portfolio had expanded to include routes 20 , 103 , 141 , 167 , 168 , 188 , 210 , 235, 275 , 473 and D9. The high-profile routes 24 and 188 brought non-red London buses directly into the city. Grey-Green also operated bus services in Kent , in Tunbridge Wells , Maidstone and Medway , commuter services from Essex and north Kent to London, and international services to Paris and Amsterdam . The company's basic livery
525-611: A joint venture company with the Dutch state-owned passenger rail company Nederlandse Spoorwegen . In 2003, the company took full ownership of the former joint venture, opting to drop the NoordNed branding two years later. During 2005, Arriva was awarded a 15-year contract to operate trains from Groningen to Leeuwarden , Delfzijl , Roodeschool and Nieuweschans . It also secured a contract to operate trains from Leeuwarden to Harlingen Haven and to Stavoren . Later that year, it secured
600-476: A natural southern boundary for the district, however the river was culverted and it is now difficult to discern its former course on the ground. This has led to very ambiguous boundary, along its former course, in the Cazenove\Northwold Road area. East and south-east boundary with Upper Clapton : Upper Clapton is also part of Hackney and shares much of the eastern side of the hill. There
675-542: A new contract, valued at €157.5 million per year, covering the extension of its operations in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship region for a further eight years, up until 2030. In November 2000, Arriva purchased João Carlos Soares e Filhos , Viação Costa & Lino Lda , Ami-Transportes and Abílio da Costa Moreira & C Lda who were running inter-urban local bus services in the north west of Portugal. During June 2002, Arriva bought
750-527: A residence here from about 1860. The gardening writer and cottage gardener Margery Fish here in 1892. Until the late 20th century, East London was the focus of Jewish life in England, with settlement heavily focussed on an area in and around Whitechapel , extending from Bishopsgate to Cable Street . The area was chosen because of its cheap rents and the independent trades, notably weaving and textiles, known colloquially as "the rag trade" . Prosperity, integration and later severe wartime bomb damage saw
825-654: A sale or possible public flotation and invited companies interested in acquiring it to register expressions of interest by 3 May; however, by mid-November, the sale had been reportedly placed on hold. In early 2023, reports again alleged that parent company Deutsche Bahn was considering options for spinning out Arriva to concentrate on its core German rail operations. During the following months, various portions of Arriva's operations on continental Europe have been sold to other companies, these disposals have largely focused on busin operations. In October 2023, Deutsche Bahn agreed terms to sell Arriva to I Squared Capital . The sale
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#1732793702144900-525: A sale was placed on hold as of November in that year. During the early 2020s, several of Arriva's continental European operations have been sold on. In October 2023, Deutsche Bahn agreed terms to sell Arriva to I Squared Capital with the transaction completed in June 2024. The company was founded by TSK Cowie in Sunderland in 1938. It was initially active as a second-hand motorcycle dealer and traded under
975-487: A service was commenced between Stamford Hill and Camden Town along Amhurst Park. Stamford Hill had many eminent Jewish residents, including the Montefiore family . Italian -born Moses Vita Montefiore (died 1789) was living there in 1763. His son Joseph (died 1804) married Rachel Mocatta, and his grandson Abraham Montefiore (died 1824) married Henrietta, whose father, the financier Nathan Meyer Rothschild , lived near
1050-592: A subsidy for it to continue. Four trains on the local Desná Railway, operated by Connex Morava (lately Veolia Transport Morava) since 2002, were taken over by Arriva Morava in July 2013. In March 2016, Arriva introduced a weekly service from Praha to Trenčín in Slovakia and daily service from Praha to Benešov . It has applied to increase this to twice daily from December 2016. In September 1997, Arriva purchased Unibus . During March 1999, Arriva Denmark expanded with
1125-763: A transport group. In November 1997, the company was rebranded as Arriva p.lc. That same year, it also bought Unibus in Denmark, its first venture outside the United Kingdom. During June 1999, Arriva sold its vehicle-hire business to General Motors . In February 2000, Arriva purchased MTL Holdings , which included its first UK rail franchises, Merseyrail Electrics and Northern Spirit . Between 2002 and 2003, Arriva sold its motor-retailing businesses, furthermore, in February 2006, it also disposed of its vehicle-rental business to Northgate . During April 2008,
1200-622: A volunteer community watch group called Shomrim (the Hebrew word for watchmen) are run by, and largely for, the Jewish community. The strictly Orthodox Jewish community relies mostly on private education for schooling, with almost all Jewish children attending private, single-sex Jewish schools. In 2005, the Stamford Hill Yesodey Hatorah Senior Girls' School achieved voluntary-aided status. In 2014,
1275-526: Is based on the physical feature of the hill and the neighbourhood's location within the Ancient Parish and subsequent (with almost identical boundaries) Metropolitan Borough of Hackney . It also reflects the fact that what was originally the Roman A10 also takes the name 'Stamford Hill' as goes over the hill between the brook and the borough boundary. Northern boundary with Tottenham : Takes
1350-520: Is little tradition of a particular border. The post code boundary is sometimes used but this is arbitrary: post code areas are not intended to define districts. The high fertility of the Haredi community contributes to the area having one of highest birthrates in the UK, with a crude birth rate of more than 25 per 1,000 of the population, twice the UK average. The data table shows 2011 ONS Census data for
1425-471: Is named after the original Adeni synagogue in Yemen. A further wave of immigration of Yemenite Jews occurred in the 1990s and 2000s when several families escaped antisemitic persecution from Houthis in the north of Yemen. In 2014, the community met with controversy after a sign was spotted in the location reading, "Women should please walk along this side of the road only". The sign was reportedly put up for
1500-723: Is owned by German DB Mobility Logistics AG. In December 2006, Arriva purchased Transcentrum Bus, operating services in Mladá Boleslav District of the Central Bohemian Region , north east of Prague . In January 2007, Arriva acquired Bosák Bus, which operates to the south west of Prague and the Příbram District of the Central Bohemian Region. In November 2007, Arriva acquired Osnado, which operates bus and coach services in
1575-445: Is owned by the Dutch company Arriva Coöperatie W.A. (majority of 99.9% since 2008). In July 2013, the current Veolia Transport Česká republika a.s. with its four subsidiary companies fell under Arriva group as Arriva Transport Česká republika a.s. The daughter companies were simultaneously renamed and rebranded as Arriva Praha s.r.o., Arriva Teplice s.r.o., Arriva Vychodni Cechy a.s. and Arriva Morava a.s. They operate primarily buses (it
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#17327937021441650-773: Is the biggest bus transport operator in the Czech Republic) but also trolleybuses in Teplice (Arriva Teplice) and Desná Railway (Arriva Morava). The two Arriva holdings in the Czech Republic have not any direct interconnection yet. Moreover, the Arriva group operated in the Czech Republic also through the German rail transport company Vogtlandbahn GmbH. The former Abellio companies Probo Bus and PT Real, purchased in December 2013, are owned by DB Czech Holding s.r.o. which
1725-643: The Grey-Green operation in London from the George Ewer Group. In 1984, T. Cowie p.l.c. acquired the Hanger Group, which included Interleasing, a large vehicle leasing business . Further leasing companies acquired were Marley Leasing, RoyScot Drive and Ringway Leasing. Following the retirement of Tom Cowie, the company was renamed Cowie Group plc during April 1994. As part of the privatisation of London bus services , Cowie Group acquired
1800-591: The LNWR train maintenance business in England was acquired. In 2010, it was reported that the government-owned railway companies of France ( SNCF ) and Germany ( Deutsche Bahn ) were considering making takeover bids for the business. SNCF subsidiary Keolis and Arriva entered discussions regarding a merger, however, in April 2010, Deutsche Bahn made a takeover offer for Arriva valued at £7.75 per share (£1.585 billion). During August 2010, Deutsche Bahn's takeover bid
1875-512: The LNWR train maintenance business was acquired. Arriva became a subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn in August 2010. Arriva operates bus, coach, train, tram and waterbus services in 10 countries across Europe. As of November 2023, it employed 35,500 people and operated 1.5 billion passenger journeys annually. It operates as three divisions: UK Bus , UK Rail and Mainland Europe. Deutsche Bahn announced in 2019 that it wished to sell Arriva, but such
1950-576: The Leaside Buses and South London Transport business units in September 1994 and January 1995 respectively. Cowie Group also bought United Automobile Services and British Bus in July and August 1996, both of which had acquired a number of privatised bus companies. As a result of these transactions, in October 1996, Cowie Group was reclassified on the stock exchange from a motor dealer to
2025-532: The National Railway Company of Belgium to replace the existing service there. The resulting Three Countries Train will run from Liège-Guillemins to Aachen Hbf . The Province of Limburg awarded a contract in June 2015 to Arriva to provide for the entire public transport (buses and five regional rail lines) in Limburg from December 2016 up until 2031. Abellio has originally been named
2100-509: The Oxford, Cambridge, and RSA (OCR) Exam board , having conducted an investigation into alleged exam malpractice, concluded that the school had redacted questions involving the evolution of species on GCSE science exam questions. Ofqual subsequently ruled that blocking out exam questions is malpractice, and, accordingly, not permissible. The same year, it was reported by the BBC that many of
2175-596: The Piemonte and Valle d'Aosta regions of northern Italy with an 80% shareholding in SADEM, increased to 100% in 2008. During 2006, Arriva purchased a 35% share in Trieste Trasporti, which increased to 40% in 2007. In June 2007, Arriva entered a joint venture with Ferrovie Nord Milano to purchase 49% of 317 bus SPT Linea, which was then renamed ASF Autolinee . This company manages local public transport in
2250-680: The Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations . Agudas Israel Housing Association is active in developing housing for the Jewish community in Stamford Hill. There is also a notable population of Yemenite Jews , especially Adeni Jews who originated in the port city of Aden in Yemen . They settled in Stamford Hill, after fleeing anti-Jewish violence at the end of the Aden Protectorate . The Adeni Congregation synagogue, Nahalat Yosef,
2325-639: The Varde to Nørre Nebel line. In March 2012, Arriva was awarded an extension to this franchise through to June 2018. During 2003, Arriva began operating an eight-year contract to operate services in mid Jutland . In March 2009, Arriva was awarded an extension through to December 2018. At one point, Arriva operated 17% of all services on the Danish rail network. In 2000, Arriva began operating waterbuses in Copenhagen 's harbour. In May 2023 Arriva Denmark
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2400-484: The yeshivas in the area "usually don't provide any maths, English or science" classes and were operating "without the most basic health, safety, and child welfare checks". In an article on Stamford Hill yeshivas, The Daily Telegraph cited government documents obtained by Channel 4 's Dispatches and the Jewish Chronicle as saying that between 800 and 1000 boys aged between 13 and 16 are "missing" from
2475-563: The 2011 census, there has been a migration of Stamford Hill Hasidic Jews to Canvey Island , in Essex . Canvey Island has a fairly homogenous ethnic make-up, and did not previously have a significant Jewish presence, but community relations appear to be good, and were the subject of a TV documentary. The Jesuit order founded St Ignatius' College , nearby, at the foot of the hill, on High Road, Tottenham, in 1894, The school consisted of two houses called Morecombe Lodge and Burleigh House. In 1907,
2550-611: The Clapton Road, which runs from central Hackney . By the 18th century, the Roman road (now numbered as the A10) was subject to heavy traffic, including goods wagons pulled by six or more horses, and this caused the surface of the road to deteriorate. The local parishes appealed to Parliament in 1713 for the right to set up a Turnpike Trust , to pay for repairs and maintenance. Gates were installed at Kingsland and Stamford Hill, to collect
2625-567: The Czech Republic. German rail transport company Vogtlandbahn , owned by Arriva since 2004, operated several train routes in the Czech Republic as a subcontractor of České dráhy (München – Regensburg – Hof – Plzeň – Praha, line VB2 Zwickau – Plauen – Bad Brambach – Františkovy Lázně – Cheb – Mariánské Lázně, line VB8 Marktredwitz – Schirnding – Cheb) and GW Train Regio , formerly Viamont (line VB1 Zwickau – Klingenthal – Kraslice – Sokolov). Since December 2010, Vogtlandbahn operates under its own name
2700-609: The Tower meant local men served in the Tower garrison and Tower Hamlets Militia, rather than the Middlesex Militia. The Ancient Parishes provided a framework for both civil (administrative) and ecclesiastical (church) functions, but during the nineteenth century, there was a divergence into distinct civil and ecclesiastical parish systems. In London, the Ecclesiastical Parishes sub-divided to better serve
2775-582: The acquisition of Bus Danmark . In April 2001, Arriva acquired Denmark's largest bus operator, Combus , along with its 1,200 vehicles. In August 2004, Arriva purchased Wulff , which operated buses in Jutland and Copenhagen . In 2007, Arriva acquired Veolia Denmark , then Denmark's second largest bus operator with 640 buses. Arriva operates 50% of bus services in Copenhagen and 40% throughout Denmark. In mid-2002, Arriva began to operate services on
2850-482: The area. There are also many independent or Haredi schools in the area. Arriva Arriva plc is a British multinational public transport company headquartered in Sunderland , England. The company was originally established on 24 October 1938 as T Cowie Ltd. Initially focused on the sale of motorcycles , it relaunched shortly after the Second World War by Tom Cowie . During December 1964,
2925-614: The city of Como . During 2008, it took control of Brescia -based SAIA Transporti . In January 1998, Arriva purchased Vancom Nederland , it was followed by Veonn & Hanze in December 1998. During June 1999, it formed a joint venture with Nederlandse Spoorwegen to operate bus services in Friesland ; four years later, Arriva took full ownership, after which it was renamed Arriva Openbaar Vervoer . In 2003, Arriva won further work in Drenthe and Province of Groningen . It
3000-624: The closure of its operation by the end of the year. In May 2013, Arriva entered the Serbian bus market with the purchase of Veolia Transport Central Europe (Veolia Transport Litas in Požarevac and Veolia Transport Luv in Belgrade ) with 250 buses. In January 2015, Arriva commenced operating bus services in Niš with 33 buses. In 2023, Arriva was rebranded as Mobilitas. In July 2008, Arriva entered
3075-812: The college was recognised by the Board of Education, and began to receive public money. Notable former pupils of St Ignatius include Alfred Hitchcock and Cardinal Heenan . It remained as a grammar school until 1968, and then became a two-form entry comprehensive school, the Lower School being located at the old Cardinal Allen School in Enfield, and the Upper School in new premises at Turkey Street, Enfield. Today, Lubavitch Senior Girls' School , Our Lady's RC High School , Skinners' Academy , and Yesodey Hatorah Senior Girls' School are secondary schools located in
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3150-521: The community disperse to other parts of East London and more widely. From the 1880's, Stamford Hill received a new influx of Jews from the core area of East End settlement and, in 1915, the New Synagogue was transferred to Stamford Hill to serve this growing population. In 1926, the Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations was established in Stamford Hill, and this became a magnet for other strictly observant Jews, many fleeing Nazi persecution in
3225-452: The company was floated , it acquired its first car dealership months later. In 1972, the company established Cowie Contract Hire, a successful contract hire business. T. Cowie entered into bus operations via the purchase of the London -based Grey-Green operator in 1980. During 1984, it acquired the Hanger Group along with the vehicle leasing business Interleasing. In April 1994, the company
3300-774: The company's 225-strong bus fleet. The joint venture now operates under the VT-Arriva brand. In July 2002, Arriva purchased SAB Autoservizi and SAF – Società Autoservizi Friuli-Venezia Giulia operating in Lombardy , Liguria and Friuli-Venezia Giulia regions of northern Italy. During May 2004, Arriva expanded into the Udine area of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region via the purchase of 49% of 500 bus SAF; it exercised an option in December 2005 to increase its stake to 60%. In October 2005, Arriva began operating in
3375-470: The eponymous hill, which reaches a height of 108 ft (33m) AOD , and the originally Roman A10 also takes the name "Stamford Hill", as it makes its way through the area. The hill is believed to be named after the ford where the A10 crossed the Hackney Brook on the southern edge of the hill. Sanford and Saundfordhill are referred to in documents from the 1200s, and mean "sand Ford". Roque's map of 1745 shows
3450-565: The line Trilex (Liberec – Zittau – Varnsdorf – Rybniště/Seifhennersdorf). After Arriva was bought by Deutsche Bahn in 2010, Vogtlandbahn was resold to the Italian state railways Ferrovie dello Stato together with Luxembourg infrastructure fund Cube. Between September 2013 and December 2013, Arriva vlaky tried operating a commercial service from Praha Masarykovo nádraží to Kralupy nad Vltavou in competition with subsidised lines of České dráhy. The company did not succeed with its effort to gain
3525-476: The modern Colberg Place from 1818 to 1835. The Montefiores' property a little further south was to be transformed by Abraham's grandson, Claude Montefiore, into Montefiore House school. With the increased development of the area, many distinguished families moved away: In 1842, there were few remaining of the wealthy Jews who had once settled in Hackney. The philanthropist and abolitionist MP Samuel Morley had
3600-409: The name T. Cowie Limited. During 1948, the business was re-launched by Tom Cowie , the founder's son, still selling motorcycles. T Cowie plc was floated in December 1964, and in 1965 it bought out the first of many car dealerships. In 1972, it formed Cowie Contract Hire, which became the largest contract hire business in the UK. During 1980, T. Cowie made its first foray into bus operations, buying
3675-476: The needs of a growing population, while the Civil Parishes continued to be based on the same Ancient Parish areas. The London Government Act 1899 converted the parishes into Metropolitan Boroughs based on the same boundaries, sometimes with minor rationalisations. In 1965, Hackney merged with Shoreditch and Stoke Newington to form the new London Borough of Hackney . The area's usual definition
3750-527: The north of Hradec Králové Region in East Bohemia, in the foothills of the Giant Mountains . The three bus companies retain their original names but with the Arriva corporate logo and livery. At the turn of 2014/2015, Bosák Bus s.r.o. was merged with Transcentrum Bus s.r.o. and Transcentrum Bus s.r.o. renamed to Arriva Střední Čechy s.r.o. In July 2013, [Veolia Transport] Česká republika a.s.
3825-516: The northern boundary of the AP \ MB of Hackney. This corresponds to the current boundary between the modern borough of Hackney and Haringey . Western boundary with Stoke Newington : Takes part of the AP \ MB of Hackney's boundary with the AP \ MB of Stoke Newington along Bethune Road and down to the A10. Southern Boundary with West Hackney : The east–west course of the Hackney Brook , which may have been as wide as 22m at this point, provided
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#17327937021443900-595: The other operations by other Arriva companies. Stamford Hill Stamford Hill is an area in Inner London , England, about 5.5 miles north-east of Charing Cross . The neighbourhood is a sub-district of Hackney , the major component of the London Borough of Hackney , and is known for its Hasidic community, the largest concentration of orthodox Ashkenazi in Europe. The district takes its name from
3975-412: The preferred bidder, but after it was discovered Abellio had gained some information that was not available to the other bidders, the contract was withdrawn. Another tenderer, Veolia , announced they will object to the decision of the province. During May 2013, Arriva entered the Polish bus market through its acquisition of Veolia Transport Central Europe along with its 840 buses. However, during
4050-419: The project was cancelled in 2014 because the involved parties could not agree upon a final business case and because NS reactivated the original service to Brussels, which made the new Arriva service unnecessary. During December 2016, Arriva acquired the majority of Limburg 's bus and train systems. In June 2024, a train of Arriva will be extended from Maastricht to Liège-Guillemins in cooperation with
4125-436: The road from Clapton Common, behind Cedar House. The area remained essentially rural in character, and little more was built until the arrival of the railway in 1872, and the tram system at about the same time. Stamford Hill was the point where the tram line coming north from the City met the Hackney tram line, and so, it became a busy interchange, with a depot opening in 1873. Electrification commenced in 1902 and by 1924
4200-413: The school system in the borough of Hackney alone. Haredi families, on average, have 5.9 children, almost 2.5 times the average for England and Wales, and many families live in over-crowded flats. National planning policy and guidance are applied by the local council, prohibiting development of family housing. This has led to conflict between the council and the Jewish population, sometimes represented by
4275-425: The summer of 2023, the company divested its bus activities in Polish market. During December 2006, Arriva formed Arriva PCC , a joint venture with PCC Rail in December 2006. In December 2007, Arriva commenced operating services on all non-electrified lines in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship . In June 2010, Arriva took 100% ownership of the business and renamed it Arriva RP. During December 2010, Arriva RP
4350-418: The tolls. Roque's map of 1745 shows a handful of buildings around the Turnpike, and by 1795, the A10 was lined with the large homes and extensive grounds of wealthy financiers and merchants attracted, in part, by the elevated position. Stamford Hill had a gibbet that was used to display the remains of criminals executed at Tyburn in the 1740s. In 1765, a map of the area showed the Gibbet Field south of
4425-648: The wards around Stamford Hill, where respondents indicated a religion: Stamford Hill is at the centre of an Ashkenazi strictly-Orthodox Jewish , and predominantly Hasidic , community estimated to be some 15,000 strong, and growing at a rate of around 5% each year. It is the largest Hasidic community in Europe, and referred to as a square mile of piety , reflecting the many Jewish men seen walking in their distinctive clothes on their way to and from worship. The congregations often represent historical links with particular areas of Eastern Europe in their dress and their worship. Many also retain links with congregations around
4500-504: The world. The largest of these congregations is the Satmar dynasty, which has five directly associated synagogues; Belz is another large community, with four synagogues. As well as Stamford Hill's own Jewish population, there are also many observant Jews in neighbouring Upper Clapton , West Hackney , Stoke Newington , and Tottenham ; there may be as many as 80 synagogues in this wider area. A volunteer emergency response first-aid service called Hatzola (the Hebrew word for rescue) and
4575-436: The years before the Second World War . Also, many Jewish families came to the area from other areas of London, refugees in their own way from bombing and post-war clearances for new housing. One of the early Hasidic leaders in Stamford Hill was the Shotzer Rebbe . The Hungarian uprising also led to an influx of Haredi Jews fleeing hardship under Soviet rule. Another notable Jewish resident, from 1955 until his death in 2000,
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#17327937021444650-551: Was a founding member of the British Coachways consortium which competed with National Express , but pulled out after a year. In 1980 Grey-Green was sold to the Cowie Group . It was one of the first private operators to operate London Regional Transport services under contract following the process started with the privatisation of London bus services , eventually operating nearly 20 in all. In 1987, Grey-Green successfully bid for routes 125 , 173 , 179 and 379 . In 1988, it began operating routes 24 , 298 and 313 . In 1991,
4725-461: Was acquired in 1953, and this long-established company remained as a subsidiary of the main company until wound up in December 1975. Orange Luxury Coaches vehicles carried the Queen's arms, being suppliers of coaches to the royal household. The large-but-ageing United Service Transport fleet was taken over in 1965. Several of the companies taken over retained their separate identities and distinctive liveries in order to maintain goodwill, but in 1966 it
4800-562: Was approved by the European Commission , albeit conditional on the disposal of some Arriva services in Germany . The takeover took effect on 27 August 2010, and Arriva was delisted from the London Stock Exchange on 31 August 2010. In late 2011, Arriva acquired Grand Central and sold its Arriva Scotland West bus operation. In May 2013, Arriva purchased Veolia Transport 's Central European business with 3,400 vehicles. Arriva changed its logo in January 2018. In March 2019, DB announced that it would be selling Arriva through either
4875-441: Was awarded a ten-year extension to its Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship activities. In December 2013, Arriva started operating trains on four electrified lines in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodship using 12 existing trains to serve roughly 50 railway stations for an initial period of two years. In September 2017, it was announced that Arriva RP had secured several open access paths in Poland. During October 2022, Arriva RP signed
4950-644: Was awarded further contracts in 2005 in Drenthe and Waterland and later in the Drechtsteden , Alblasserwaard , Rivierenland, Meierij , Oost-Brabant, and Vijfheerenlanden areas. During 2009, Arriva lost the contracts in Drenthe and Groningen upon retendering yet, in 2010, won a contract in Achterhoek and retained the Rivierenland contract. From December 2012, Arriva won the contract for South Holland North, around Leiden , Alphen aan den Rijn and Gouda and in Friesland around Leeuwarden . During December 2016, it acquired most of Limburg 's bus and train systems. During 1999, Arriva established NoordNed as
5025-633: Was completed in June 2024. In May 2013, Arriva entered the Croatian bus market with the purchase of Panturist Veolia Osijek ( Veolia Transport Central Europe) with 120 buses. In August 2017 Arriva took a 78.34% share in Autotrans Group (ATG); via this move, it became the number one private bus operator active in Croatia. Arriva group bought three medium-sized bus transport companies (Transcentrum Bus s.r.o., Bosák Bus s.r.o. and Osnado s.r.o.) in 2006 and 2007 end established its own rail transport company Arriva vlaky s.r.o. in 2009. These four companies are owned through Arriva holding Česká republika s.r.o. which
5100-470: Was decided to concentrate the group's operations on two trading names: Grey-Green and Orange. By 1972 it operated out of garages in Stamford Hill , Edmonton , Lea Bridge , Mile End and Brixton in London, and Walton-on-the-Naze , Ipswich , Felixstowe and Great Yarmouth in East Anglia. Subsequent acquisitions included the London coaching business of Birch Brothers in 1971, Mitcham Belle Coaches in 1974, and Dix Coaches in 1976. In 1980 Grey-Green
5175-489: Was green and white (having evolved from the green and grey that gave Grey-Green its name), with an orange stripe at waist-level. The coaching fleets were painted in separate liveries. With the growth of the Cowie Group through acquisition of other bus operators, Grey Green co-existed for a time with other companies such as Kentish Bus . In 1998, the Cowie Group was rebranded as Arriva , and Grey-Green's Stamford Hill and Barking garages were absorbed into Arriva London , and
5250-400: Was part of the historic (or ancient) county of Middlesex , but military and most (or all) civil county functions were managed more locally, by the Tower Division (also known as the Tower Hamlets) , a historic ‘county within a county’, under the leadership of the Lord-Lieutenant of the Tower Hamlets (the post was always filled by the Constable of the Tower of London) . The military loyalty to
5325-482: Was purchased with its four subsidiary companies which were renamed Arriva Morava, Arriva Praha, Arriva Teplice and Arriva Východní Čechy. These four companies are owned by holding company Arriva Transport Česká republika. It also operates trolleybuses in Teplice (Arriva Teplice) and trains in Desná Railway (Arriva Morava). During December 2013, Abellio's Probo Bus and PT Real operations were purchased with 110 buses. As at November 2016, Arriva operated 1,960 buses in
5400-675: Was renamed Cowie Group. Months later, Cowie Group acquired the Leaside Buses and South London Transport business units amid the wider privatisation of London bus services . During 1997, it also bought the Denmark -based operator Unibus, becoming its first venture based outside the United Kingdom. During November 1997, the company was rebranded as Arriva. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, it disposed of its vehicle-hire and motor-retailing businesses. In February 2000, Arriva purchased MTL Holdings , which included its first UK rail franchises, Merseyrail Electrics and Northern Spirit . In April 2008,
5475-777: Was sold to the German investment fund Mutares . In December 2023 Arriva Denmark announced that they would rebrand as GoCollective during the course of 2024. In April 2008, Arriva purchased an 80% shareholding in Eurobus Invest, Hungary's largest private bus operator, which operates services in Hungary and Slovakia. In 2009, Arriva purchased the remaining 20%. Arriva is in a joint venture with Videoton Holding operating as VT Transman. During May 2013, VT Transman began operating two bus contracts in Budapest for eight years; this arrangement saw 150 Mercedes-Benz Citaros added to
5550-491: Was the spiritual head of the Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations, Rabbi Chanoch Dov Padwa . Stamford Hill has never been an administrative area in its own right; it has always been an area of Hackney . Hackney was an administrative unit with consistent boundaries from the early Middle Ages to the creation of the larger modern borough in 1965. Hackney was based for many centuries on the Ancient Parish of Hackney . The area
5625-513: Was well covered too. The first service to operate throughout the year was a London to Ipswich service that commenced in June 1928. The 1930s started with the introduction of a London to Harwich service, and operations continued to expand rapidly through East Anglia and to the coast, interrupted only by World War II. Routes run by the Prince Omnibus Company of Edmonton were added in the 1930s. Orange Luxury Coaches, Brixton
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