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59-648: [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Grodzisk Mazowiecki [REDACTED] Grodzisk Wielkopolski [REDACTED] Grodzisk [REDACTED] Grodzisk [REDACTED] Grodzisk [REDACTED] Grodzisk [REDACTED] Grodzisk [REDACTED] Grodzisk [REDACTED] Gro. [REDACTED] Grodzisk [REDACTED] Grodzisk [REDACTED] Grodzisk [REDACTED] Grodzisk class=notpageimage| Location of places called Grodzisk in Poland Grodzisk may refer to any of

118-526: A Franco-Hungarian alliance with King John Zápolya in 1528. After the death of Janusz III of Masovia in 1526, Sigismund succeeded in uniting the Duchy of Masovia and Warsaw with the Kingdom of Poland. There was speculation whether Janusz and his younger brother Stanisław were poisoned by a subject of Queen Bona. The accusations were so pervasive and rampant that Sigismund ordered an investigation, as

177-503: A litter . However, despite his age, Sigismund was of sound mind throughout and remained active in politics until death. In 1543, he recovered from an influenza which spread in Kraków and in 1545 he enjoyed a last hunting excursion to Niepołomice. Sigismund died on 1 April 1548, Easter day at the age of 81 and was buried on 7 July at Wawel Cathedral in Kraków. He was succeeded by his only legitimate son, Sigismund II Augustus , who became

236-571: A contemporary 200- złoty banknote. Sigismund was married twice, first to noblewoman Barbara Zápolya from Hungary and then to Bona Sforza, the daughter of Gian Galeazzo Sforza , Duke of Milan . Their only son and the last Jagiellon king, Sigismund Augustus, was co-crowned vivente rege in 1529 and formally assumed throne when Sigismund the Old died in 1548. Sigismund was the son of King Casimir IV Jagiellon and Elisabeth Habsburg of Austria . He followed his brothers John Albert and Alexander to

295-605: A folk tale. In 1522, a truce was signed between Lithuania and Muscovy which extended until 1534. In 1534, when Grand Hetman Jerzy Radziwiłł and the Tatars pillaged western Russia, the Muscovites in retaliation invaded Lithuania once more. They were eventually stopped by Polish commander Jan Amor Tarnowski and allies at Starodub in 1535. Their defeat strengthened the Polish-Lithuanian union's eastern flank until

354-464: A football club Grodzhisk , Hasidic dynasty Grodzisk Goblins , a fictional sports club in the Harry Potter universe Grodziskie , a beer style Grodzisko (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

413-469: A local trade and production centre due to its location and the local traffic routes. In 1655 it was again destroyed during Swedish Deluge and then restored. In 1708 the town was struck by a cholera epidemic and as a result, its population diminished down to 370 people. Grodzisk was annexed by Prussia in the Third Partition of Poland in 1795. In 1807 it was regained by Poles and included within

472-570: A result of which a special edict was declared on 9 February 1528 confirming that the Masovian princes died naturally or due to related illness. According to chronicler Jan Długosz , the real cause of the death of both princes could have been inherited tuberculosis . In other matters of policy, Sigismund sought peaceful coexistence with the Khanate of Crimea , but was unable to completely end border skirmishes . Over two centuries of wars against

531-540: Is Wawel Castle in Kraków, the seat of Polish monarchs as well as one of the largest castles in Central Europe. Situated on a hill overlooking Old Town , the fortified residence was extensively reconstructed in the Renaissance style and to the personal needs of the royal family. The Italian cloistered courtyard in the shape of a quadrangle , corridors, archways and portals were designed by Fiorentino with

590-591: The Duchy of Mazovia with Warsaw , while retaining the nation's wealth and prominence in the region. He made sure that his nephew Albert, Duke of Prussia , and Albert's Protestant successors would pay feudal homage or tribute to Polish monarchs as a sign of political and diplomatic dependence. This was observed until the Treaty of Bromberg in 1657 when Prussia gained its sovereignty. Sigismund and his commander Jan Amor Tarnowski also defeated Moldavia at Obertyn in 1531, and Muscovy in 1535, thereby strengthening

649-820: The General Government . The Polish resistance was active in the town, and even the underground University of the Western Lands gave secret lectures. In 1944, the National Military Union was founded in Grodzisk Mazowiecki. Local Polish farmer Stanisława Sławińska hid Jews from the Nazis in her house in Grodzisk Mazowiecki. In 2008, she was honoured as Righteous Among the Nations by Yad Vashem . Among those she saved

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708-622: The Rebbe of the Warsaw Ghetto . During the wartime, all the Jewish population was deported and murdered. In 2016, the remains of the Jewish cemetery in town were saved from being developed into a residential complex, and the city council pledged to preserve the cemetery, restore the original gate with Hebrew inscription, and build a fence around the property. Plans to build the residential complex were originally halted in 2014 when residents of

767-683: The Teutonic Knights ended in 1525 with the Treaty of Kraków after the final Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521) . Previously, the Second Peace of Thorn (1466) placed the Teutonic Order under Polish suzerainty and interfered with German interests in Livonia , Pomerania , Warmia and Masuria . The Order attempted to avoid paying tribute to Polish monarchs which was a demonstration of weakness and dependence. In accordance with

826-726: The " Prussian Homage ", which was often featured in arts. The Prussian Landtag and parliament assembled in Königsberg , where envoys embraced both the new Duke and the Protestant Reformation . Thereupon, the Teutonic Order lost its importance as a military order in Prussia and retreated to the Holy Roman Empire where it became secluded. Sigismund had a profound interest in Renaissance humanism and

885-486: The 12th century when medieval village Grodzisk was founded. This settlement was built on the outskirts of the Jaktorowska Forest and its remains are a part of the existing town area. In 1355 the first known owner of the settlement Tomasz Grodzinski founded a church which was later destroyed by fire (1441). In 15th century Grodzisk remained the parish seat. Dating from the end of the 15th century to 1623 Grodzisk

944-515: The Austrian throne. Both efforts failed. In 1497, King John I Albert, his older brother, led an invasion of Moldavia that was intended to place Sigismund on its throne. This, too, was a disastrous failure. Finally, his eldest brother Vladislaus II , King of Bohemia and Hungary, granted him the duchies of Głogów (1499) and Opava (1501), and in 1504 Sigismund became governor of Silesia and Lower Lusatia . John I Albert died suddenly in 1501, and

1003-636: The House of Habsburg in 1526, on the death of Sigismund's nephew, Louis II , who led his forces against Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire in the disastrous Battle of Mohács . Worried about the growing ties between the Habsburgs and Russia, in 1524 Sigismund signed a Franco-Polish alliance with King Francis I of France to avoid a possible war on two fronts. Francis I himself

1062-484: The Polish throne. Their eldest brother Vladislaus became king of Bohemia , Hungary , and Croatia . Sigismund was christened as the namesake of his maternal great-grandfather, Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund . When Casimir died in 1492, Sigismund was his only son without any titles or land. From 1495 to 1496, he petitioned his brother Alexander to provide him with land, and Elisabeth of Austria attempted to install him on

1121-453: The Polish-Lithuanian realm was divided between the remaining two older sons, with John Albert being crowned King of Poland, and Alexander as Grand Duke of Lithuania. Alexander inherited Poland following John Albert's sudden death in 1501. Hence, Sigismund's reign only began when he succeeded Alexander to both titles in 1506 at the age of 39. A capable monarch and a patron of arts, Sigismund established Polish rule over Ducal Prussia and annexed

1180-513: The Sejm, usually obtaining funds on state defence. However he was unsuccessful at attempting to create a permanent fund for defence from the annual income tax. Despite this, in 1527 he established a conscript army and the bureaucracy needed to finance it. He set up the legal codes that formalised serfdom in Poland, placing the peasants into the private estates of nobles. Likely related to tax matters

1239-586: The Tatars to destroy Christendom". Regardless of victory, the Polish–Lithuanian troops were incapable of moving quickly enough to retake Smolensk. In 1518, Russian forces were again beaten during the siege of Polotsk , when according to legend the Lithuanian forces were inspired by the sight of their patron saint , Saint Casimir , the older brother of Sigismund. However, this was dubbed by historians as

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1298-537: The Tsarist authorities as punishment for the unsuccessful Polish January Uprising . Between the 19th and 20th century Grodzisk was known as recreation center with hydropathic establishment founded by Michał Bojasiński . In 1915 Grodzisk regained its municipal rights In interwar Poland, Grodzisk was the seat of Błonie County in the Warsaw Voivodeship . In 1928, the town was renamed to Grodzisk Mazowiecki by

1357-452: The act, unlike the senators, whom he personally appointed. Eventually, during his reign, Sigismund benefited from the advice of the local nobility, competent ministers in charge of the royal judiciary system, and the wealthy influential treasurers of Kraków. Although he was reluctant to the parliamentary system and political independence of the nobility, he recognised the authority of legal norms, supported legalism and summoned annual sessions of

1416-524: The addition of the adjective "Mazowiecki" after the region of Masovia , within which it is located, to distinguish it from the town of Grodzisk Wielkopolski in western Poland. Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland , which started World War II in September 1939, Grodzisk Mazowiecki was occupied by Germany until 1945. Administratively it was located in the Warsaw District of

1475-456: The agreement, the son of Francis, Henry, Duke of Orléans , was to marry one of Sigismund's daughters, and Sigismund's eldest son was to marry a daughter of Francis I. The negotiations came to an end and the alliance was disbanded when Francis' troops were defeated by Charles V at the Battle of Pavia in 1525. Disturbed by the failure of his campaign, Francis turned to Hungary instead and formed

1534-543: The agricultural economy, looked after the development of the royal cities and recovered numerous goods of the treasury belonging to the crown that were under lien. During the financial activities, the King received full support of his wife, Queen Bona, who aimed to expand the royal estates by purchasing and improving economic efficiency. In 1514 he set up the Council of Four Lands and put Abraham of Bohemia in charge of it. At

1593-409: The army. Supported by his Italian consort Bona Sforza, he began buying up land and issue agriculture reformas to enlarge the royal treasury. He initiated a process of restitution of royal properties, previously pawned or rented to the nobles. The nobility gathered near the city to meet to a levée en masse and called for a military campaign against Moldavia . However, the lesser and middle strata of

1652-593: The beginning of the Livonian War in 1558. In 1515 Sigismund entered into an alliance with the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I . In return for Maximilian lending weight to the provisions of the Second Peace of Thorn (1466) , Sigismund consented to the marriage of the children of Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary , his brother, to the grandchildren of Maximilian. Through this double marriage contract, Bohemia and Hungary passed to

1711-407: The bell rung on some of the most significant moments in Polish history and is one of Poland's national symbols . Sigismund suffered from numerous illnesses and diseases, especially towards the end of his life. Most notably, he was tormented by constant fevers since youth as well as gout and acute rheumatism in the autumn of 1528. The condition, which severely affected his joints and right leg,

1770-611: The country's eastern borders. His 42-year reign was further marked by decisive contributions to Polish architecture , cuisine , language , and customs, especially at the behest of his second wife, the Italian-born Bona Sforza . Italian styles and fashions dominated at the height of the Polish Renaissance and Polish Golden Age , which developed the Catholic identity of Poland . He was commemorated on

1829-512: The country. The role of the Incompatibilitas was to prevent wealthy magnates from usurping too much power at the expense of lesser nobles. However, the revolt soon transpired that the nobility's leaders were divided and that achieving a settlement was almost impossible. Too weak to start a civil war against the King, the protesters finally agreed to what was thought a compromise. Sigismund rejected most of their demands, while accepting

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1888-651: The field. In 1512, Grand Hetman of Lithuania , Konstanty Ostrogski , ransacked the region of Severia and vanquished a Russian force of approximately 6,000 men. On 8 September 1514, Muscovy suffered a major defeat at the Battle of Orsha , which prevented the Russians to place all the former Kievan Rus ' lands under their lordship. Poland exploited the battle for propaganda purposes with strong anti-Russian sentiment. A letter sent to Rome stated that "Muscovites are not Christians; they are cruel and barbaric; they are Asians and not Europeans; they are in league with Turks and

1947-1046: The following places: Grodzisk, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland) Grodzisk, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland) Grodzisk, Lubusz Voivodeship (west Poland) Grodzisk, Mińsk County , Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland) Grodzisk, Ostrołęka County , Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland) Grodzisk, Siedlce County , Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland) Grodzisk, Sokołów County , Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland) Grodzisk, Węgrów County , Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland) Grodzisk, Hajnówka County , Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland) Grodzisk, Siemiatycze County , Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland) Grodzisk, Sokółka County , Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland) Grodzisk Mazowiecki , Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland) Grodzisk Wielkopolski , Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland) See also [ edit ] All pages with titles containing Grodzisk Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski ,

2006-520: The help of Benedykt from Sandomierz . A similar design was undertaken in Niepołomice Castle , the hunting retreat of the Jagiellons. The most prominent example of Sigismund's architectural legacy is a funerary monument in the form of a chapel at Wawel Cathedral . It was constructed between 1519 and 1533 according to plans by Bartolomeo Berrecci of Florence , and serves as a mausoleum of

2065-493: The high-ranking nobles and their interests. Sigismund I achieved several economic successes, including partial debt reduction, separation of accounts of public taxation from the royal treasury, strengthening of the activities of the mint operating in Kraków, and the attempt to organise the processing of income from operating salt mines. Furthermore, he issued a statute for the Armenians (1519) and strongly intended to harmonise

2124-405: The illustrious figures that guested or lived in Poland at the time were Bartholommeo Berecci , Francesco Fiorentino , Santi and Mateo Gucci , Bernardo Morando , Giovanni Battista di Quadro and Hans Dürer . Most of the decorators working for the court were foreigners, especially Italians and Germans who had a profound impact on Poland's architecture as a whole. The centrepiece of their work

2183-420: The judicial system across the country. Between 1530 and 1538 the king issued two statutes defining the rules for the selection of the monarch, which permanently established the election viritim . The laws held that all social groups, regardless of their wealth, could watch the election process ( unusquisque qui vellet ), and the election was to be free ( electio Regis libera ). Sigismund successfully organised

2242-684: The last Jagiellon king of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. In 1587 Sigismund the Old's grandson, Sigismund III from the House of Vasa , was elected King of Poland. He was the son of Catherine Jagiellon and her husband John III Vasa of Sweden . Hence, Sigismund III could not belong to the Jagiellonian dynasty by his mother, but the Jagiellon bloodline of Polish monarchs continued until the death of Sigismund Vasa's second son John II Casimir . In 1512, Sigismund married Barbara Zápolya (d. 1515),

2301-605: The last Jagiellons. The exterior dome is gold-plated and interior tombs made of marble were designed by Santi Gucci. Historians, experts and architects unanimously voted the chapel as "the most beautiful example of the Tuscan Renaissance north of the Alps". The monarch also commissioned a 12.6-tonne bell which was named in his honour. The Royal Sigismund Bell was installed 13 July 1521 on Wawel Cathedral's northernmost tower. Apart from religious and national holidays,

2360-437: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grodzisk&oldid=1168096782 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Grodzisk Mazowiecki The origins of Grodzisk Mazowiecki can be traced back to

2419-574: The monarchs, who was tired, was offered a cup of water from the town's spring to regain his strength. It was the extraordinary taste of the water that convinced the king to grant the town a charter. The town had a Jewish community and it had been the center of the Hasidic Grodzhisk dynasty , (Grodzisk Mazowiecki being pronounced as "Grodzhisk" in Yiddish .) Grodzisk was the birthplace of Kalonymus Kalman Shapira (1889–1943), also known as

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2478-411: The most part supported the King and claimed that the "war's" only effect was the near-extinction of the local chickens, eaten by the nobles gathered for the rebellion at Lwów in eastern part of Lesser Poland . To strengthen his power, Sigismund initiated a set of reforms, establishing a permanent conscription army in 1527 and extending the bureaucratic apparatus necessary to govern the state and finance

2537-527: The nearby Jewish community of Warsaw, as well as activist Robert Augustyniak , protested the plan. Sigismund I the Old Sigismund I the Old ( Polish : Zygmunt I Stary , Lithuanian : Žygimantas I Senasis ; 1 January 1467 – 1 April 1548) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1506 until his death in 1548. Sigismund I was a member of the Jagiellonian dynasty ,

2596-621: The new Treaty of Kraków, the Order was abruptly secularized and turned de facto into a puppet state of Poland which lasted until the Treaty of Bromberg in 1655. Sigismund's nephew Albert, Duke of Prussia , converted to Lutheranism under the persuasion of Martin Luther , and paid a feudal homage to Sigismund. In return he was granted the domains of the Order as the First Duke of Prussia . This became known in Polish and Lithuanian history as

2655-428: The nobility organised a revolt to force the King to abandon his risky reforms. The nobles presented him with 36 demands, most notably a cessation of further land acquisitions by Queen Bona, exemption of the nobility from the tithe , confirmation and extension of privileges for nobles and adoption of a law concerning Incompatibilitas — an individual wouldn't be able to hold two or more official administrative positions in

2714-413: The principle of Incompatibilitas the following year and agreeing not to force the election of the future king in vivente rege . Thereupon, the nobility returned to their homes having achieved little. Sigismund was intermittently at war with Vasili III of Muscovy beginning in 1507, before the Polish army was fully under his command. Further tensions escalated when Vasili also discovered that Sigismund

2773-501: The revival of classical antiquity. His second consort Bona Sforza, daughter of Gian Galeazzo Sforza of Milan, was also instrumental in developing the Polish Renaissance and brought renowned Italian artists, architects and sculptors from her native country. It was under Sigismund's reign that Renaissance began to flourish in Poland and in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Sigismund II Augustus later continued his father's legacy. Among

2832-566: The short-lived Duchy of Warsaw , and after its dissolution in 1815, it fell to the Russian Partition of Poland. During the November Uprising (1830–1831) the town was the place of fights between the insurrectionists’ forces and Russian army. The recovery of the local economy was possible to the prosperous railway route connecting Warsaw and Skierniewice built in 1846. In 1870 the town's municipal rights were taken away by

2891-458: The son of Casimir IV and younger brother of Kings John I Albert and Alexander I Jagiellon . He was nicknamed "the Old" in later historiography to distinguish him from his son and successor, Sigismund II Augustus . Before ascending to the Polish and Lithuanian thrones, he was Duke of Głogów from 1499, Duke of Opava from 1501, and governor of Silesia from 1504 on behalf of his brother, King Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary. Sigismund

2950-526: The start of his reign, King Sigismund I the Old inherited a Kingdom of Poland with a century-long tradition of liberties of the nobility, confirmed in numerous privileges. A rebellion in Lwów widely known as the Chicken War ( Polish : Wojna kokosza ) was an anti-royalist and anti-absolutist rokosz (revolt) by the Polish nobility that occurred in 1537. The derisive name was coined by the magnates, who for

3009-491: Was an unsuccessful attempt on the life of the king, made on 5 May 1523. The identity of the would-be assassin - who shot the ruler while he was strolling in the evening around the cloisters of the Wawel castle - and his potential supporters was never established. Unclear motives remained after the assassination attempt. Three weeks before the event, Sigismund I introduced a new edict that was very unfavourable and somewhat hostile to

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3068-643: Was born in the town of Kozienice in 1467 as the fifth son of Casimir IV and his wife Elizabeth of Austria . He was one of thirteen children and was not expected to assume the throne after his father. Sigismund's eldest brother and rightful heir Vladislaus II instead became the King of Bohemia , Hungary and Croatia as the successor to George of Poděbrady in Bohemia and then to Matthias Corvinus in Hungary, thus temporarily uniting these kingdoms. When Casimir died,

3127-522: Was bribing Khan Meñli I Giray to attack the Grand Duchy of Moscow . In December 1512, Muscovite forces marched into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania seeking to capture Smolensk , a major trading center between Russia and Europe. The initial six- and four-week sieges in 1513 were a failure, but the city fell to the Muscovites in July 1514 . Russia subsequently suffered a series of disastrous defeats in

3186-606: Was crowned four days later in Wawel Cathedral by Primate Andrzej Boryszewski. The internal situation in Poland was characterised by broad authorisation of the Chamber of Deputies, confirmed and extended in the constitution of Nihil novi . During Alexander's reign, the law of Nihil novi had been instituted, which forbade kings of Poland from enacting laws without the consent of the Sejm . Sigismund had little control over

3245-501: Was looking for allies in Central Europe to curtail the increasing power of Habsburg Emperor Charles V , whose realms were labelled " the empire on which the sun never sets ". Furthermore, Queen Bona was instrumental in establishing an alliance between Poland and France, with the objective of recovering Milan . The official negotiations were conducted by Antonio Rincon in 1524, who was then followed by Jerome Laski . Through

3304-671: Was owned by the Okunia and Mokrowski families. In 1522 Grodzisk has received municipal rights from king Sigismund I the Old . It was administratively located in the Mszczonów County in the Rawa Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1540 Grodzisk was destroyed by the fire and was not reconstructed until the end of 16th century. After the reconstruction, Grodzisk became

3363-407: Was repetitive and continued in 1529 and 1534. It is likely that Sigismund Augustus was co-crowned vivente rege in 1529 as a result of these pervasive pains and in case his father died unexpectedly. Furthermore, bad eating habits and a poor diet contributed to the king's ailing health, in particular large amounts of beer and mead . Eventually, the king's inability to walk forced him to be carried in

3422-818: Was succeeded by Alexander I, who died in 1506. After his death, Sigismund arrived in Vilnius , where he was elected by the Lithuanian Ducal Council on 13 September 1506 as Grand Duke of Lithuania , contrary to the Union of Mielnik (1501), which proposed a joint Polish-Lithuanian election of a monarch. On 8 December 1506, during the session of the Polish Senate in Piotrków , Sigismund was elected King of Poland. He arrived in Kraków on 20 January 1507 and

3481-570: Was the mother of the Israeli businessperson Yossi Maiman . After the war, it was administratively located in the "large" Warsaw Voivodeship until 1975, and then the "small" Warsaw Voivodeship until 1998. Currently, Grodzisk Mazowiecki is a local industrial center for the area of Warsaw. According to a legend regarding the town charter, monarchs were riding through the settlement of Grodzisk on their way to hunt in Jaktorowska forest. One of

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