94-429: Dongying ( simplified Chinese : 东营 ; traditional Chinese : 東營 ; pinyin : Dōngyíng ), a prefecture-level city on the northern ( Bohai Sea ) coast of Shandong province, People's Republic of China. As of the 2020 census, 2,193,518 people resided within its administrative area of 7,923.26 km (3,059.19 sq mi) and 1,188,656 in the built-up area made up of Dongying and Kenli districts. Dongying
188-642: A base for developing the Yellow River Delta and China's second largest oilfield , Shengli Field . It was named after the establishment of Dongying and Xiying camps during the Eastern Expedition by Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty . Later, Dongying Village was formed, and in 1964, the headquarters of the North China Petroleum Exploration Battle was established in this village.The following year,
282-487: A bidding war with the giant distillery Seagram Company Ltd. Seagram became DuPont's largest single shareholder, with four seats on the board of directors. On April 6, 1995, after being approached by Seagram Chief Executive Officer Edgar Bronfman Jr. , DuPont announced a deal in which the company would buy back all the shares owned by Seagram. In 1999, DuPont spun off Conoco and sold all of its shares. Conoco later merged with Phillips Petroleum Company . DuPont acquired
376-443: A component—either a character or a sub-component called a radical —usually involves either a reduction in its total number of strokes , or an apparent streamlining of which strokes are chosen in what places—for example, the ⼓ ' WRAP ' radical used in the traditional character 沒 is simplified to ⼏ ' TABLE ' to form the simplified character 没 . By systematically simplifying radicals, large swaths of
470-434: A conversion table. While exercising such derivation, the following rules should be observed: Sample Derivations : The Series One List of Variant Characters reduces the number of total standard characters. First, amongst each set of variant characters sharing identical pronunciation and meaning, one character (usually the simplest in form) is elevated to the standard character set, and the rest are made obsolete. Then amongst
564-545: A diverse range of technologies for many markets including agriculture, genetic traits, biofuels , automotive, construction, electronics, chemicals, and industrial materials. In 2002, the company sold the Clysar business to Bemis Company for $ 143 million. In 2004, the company sold its textiles business, which included some of its best-known brands such as Lycra ( Spandex ), Dacron polyester, Orlon acrylic, Antron nylon and Thermolite, to Koch Industries . In May 2007
658-543: A diversified industrial firm. CFO Lori Koch was named CEO effective 1 June 2024, as current CEO Ed Breen transitioned to executive chairman. The split is expected to be completed in 18 to 24 months. The company's corporate headquarters and experimental station were located in Wilmington, Delaware . The company's manufacturing, processing, marketing, and research and development facilities, as well as regional purchasing offices and distribution centers were located throughout
752-407: A few revised forms, and was implemented for official use by China's State Council on 5 June 2013. In Chinese, simplified characters are referred to by their official name 简化字 ; jiǎnhuàzì , or colloquially as 简体字 ; jiǎntǐzì . The latter term refers broadly to all character variants featuring simplifications of character form or structure, a practice which has always been present as
846-422: A new identity that is "fundamentally different" from DowDuPont. The company published a list of sustainability commitments to be achieved by 2030. In February 2020, DuPont announced that it is bringing back Edward D. Breen as its CEO after removing former Chief Executive Marc Doyle and CFO Jeanmarie Desmond less than a year after they assumed their roles. Lori D. Koch, previously head of investor relations, assumed
940-610: A newly coined phono-semantic compound : Removing radicals Only retaining single radicals Replacing with ancient forms or variants : Adopting ancient vulgar variants : Readopting abandoned phonetic-loan characters : Copying and modifying another traditional character : Based on 132 characters and 14 components listed in Chart 2 of the Complete List , the 1,753 derived characters found in Chart 3 can be created by systematically simplifying components using Chart 2 as
1034-573: A part of the Chinese writing system. The official name tends to refer to the specific, systematic set published by the Chinese government, which includes not only simplifications of individual characters, but also a substantial reduction in the total number of characters through the merger of formerly distinct forms. According to Chinese palaeographer Qiu Xigui , the broadest trend in the evolution of Chinese characters over their history has been simplification, both in graphical shape ( 字形 ; zìxíng ),
SECTION 10
#17327719928021128-428: A significant leap in ranking; Two tire companies also achieved high sales growth in the industry headwinds of 2022. The city's growing manufacturing sector and its proximity to oil reserves have led to increased company investments. An example is DuPont , which invested five billion yuan in 2005 to build a titanium dioxide factory in the area. After this project's completion, it became the largest investment outside of
1222-439: A total of 36 tire companies from China appear on the list, accounting for nearly 50%. Among them, the number of Shandong tire companies on the list has reached 21, accounting for nearly 60% of China's listed tire companies; Sales account for 51% of domestic tire companies.As one of the main concentration areas of Shandong's tire industry, Dongying has a total of 7 tire companies listed on the latest Top 75 list, with 6 of them showing
1316-468: Is 13.5 °C (56.3 °F), and the annual precipitation is 527.7 millimetres (20.8 in), with a strong summer maximum, and high variability from year to year. January is the coldest and driest month, with a mean temperature of −2.2 °C (28.0 °F) and 5.1 mm (0.20 in) of equivalent rainfall. July is the hottest and wettest month; the corresponding numbers are 27.0 °C (80.6 °F), and 136.7 mm (5.38 in). A large part of
1410-638: Is Shengli Oilfield No.1 Middle School. Founded in 1965, rated as the most successful middle and high schools in China in a research hold by Beijing University in 2014, it is the first provincial standardized school in Shandong Province. There are 114 classes in the school with more than 5,300 students. There was an explosion that occurred at a chemical factory starting on Monday, 31 August 2015. Thirteen people died and several were detained by authorities.According to Dongying municipal party media reports,
1504-437: Is a more stable oil with greater flexibility in food and industrial applications." Plenish is genetically engineered to "block the formation of enzymes that continue the cascade downstream from oleic acid (that produces saturated fats), resulting in an accumulation of the desirable monounsaturated acid." In October 2001, the company sold its pharmaceutical business to Bristol Myers Squibb for $ 7.798 billion. In 2011, DuPont
1598-440: Is actually more complex than eliminated ones. An example is the character 搾 which is eliminated in favor of the variant form 榨 . The 扌 'HAND' with three strokes on the left of the eliminated 搾 is now seen as more complex, appearing as the ⽊ 'TREE' radical 木 , with four strokes, in the chosen variant 榨 . Not all characters standardised in the simplified set consist of fewer strokes. For instance,
1692-454: Is derived. Merging homophonous characters: Adapting cursive shapes ( 草書楷化 ): Replacing a component with a simple arbitrary symbol (such as 又 and 乂 ): Omitting entire components : Omitting components, then applying further alterations : Structural changes that preserve the basic shape Replacing the phonetic component of phono-semantic compounds : Replacing an uncommon phonetic component : Replacing entirely with
1786-524: Is home to the Shengli Oilfield , which after the Daqing oilfield is the second largest oilfield in China. The prefecture-level city of Dongying administers five county-level divisions , including three districts and two counties : These are further divided into 43 township-level divisions , including 23 towns , 13 townships and seven subdistricts . The city was established in 1983, as
1880-813: Is now discouraged. A State Language Commission official cited "oversimplification" as the reason for restoring some characters. The language authority declared an open comment period until 31 August 2009, for feedback from the public. In 2013, the List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters was published as a revision of the 1988 lists; it included a total of 8105 characters. It included 45 newly recognized standard characters that were previously considered variant forms, as well as official approval of 226 characters that had been simplified by analogy and had seen wide use but were not explicitly given in previous lists or documents. Singapore underwent three successive rounds of character simplification , eventually arriving at
1974-623: Is referred to as the " big seal script ". The traditional narrative, as also attested in the Shuowen Jiezi dictionary ( c. 100 AD ), is that the Qin small seal script that would later be imposed across China was originally derived from the Zhou big seal script with few modifications. However, the body of epigraphic evidence comparing the character forms used by scribes gives no indication of any real consolidation in character forms prior to
SECTION 20
#17327719928022068-664: Is used in armor, belts, hoses, composite structures, cable sheathing, gaskets, brake pads, clutch linings, friction pads, slot insulation , phase barrier insulation, and interturn insulation. Following the DuPont and Dow merger and subsequent spinoff, this product line remained with DuPont. On the company's 200th anniversary in 2002, it was presented with the Honor Award by the National Building Museum in recognition of DuPont's "products that directly influence
2162-547: Is used instead of 叠 in regions using traditional characters. The Chinese government stated that it wished to keep Chinese orthography stable. The Chart of Generally Utilized Characters of Modern Chinese was published in 1988 and included 7000 simplified and unsimplified characters. Of these, half were also included in the revised List of Commonly Used Characters in Modern Chinese , which specified 2500 common characters and 1000 less common characters. In 2009,
2256-670: The Chinese language , with the other being traditional characters . Their mass standardization during the 20th century was part of an initiative by the People's Republic of China (PRC) to promote literacy, and their use in ordinary circumstances on the mainland has been encouraged by the Chinese government since the 1950s. They are the official forms used in mainland China and Singapore , while traditional characters are officially used in Hong Kong , Macau , and Taiwan . Simplification of
2350-527: The Clayton Antitrust Act forced DuPont to divest its shares of General Motors. In the 1920s, DuPont continued its emphasis on materials science , hiring Wallace Carothers to work on polymers in 1928. Carothers invented neoprene , a synthetic rubber ; the first polyester super polymer ; and, in 1935, nylon . The invention of Teflon followed a few years later and has since been proven responsible for health problems in those exposed to
2444-541: The Dow Chemical Company agreed to a reorganization plan in which the two companies would merge and split into three. As a merged entity, DuPont simultaneously acquired Dow and renamed itself to DowDuPont on August 31, 2017, and after 18 months spun off the merged entity's material science divisions into a new corporate entity bearing Dow Chemical's name and agribusiness divisions into the newly created Corteva ; DowDuPont reverted its name to DuPont and kept
2538-690: The Hanford plutonium producing plant in Hanford, Washington . In 1950 DuPont also agreed to build the Savannah River Plant in South Carolina as part of the effort to create a hydrogen bomb . DuPont was one of an estimated 150 American companies that provided Nazi Germany with patents, technology and material resources that proved crucial to the German war effort . DuPont maintained business connections with various corporations in
2632-892: The Niagara River at Tonawanda, New York , the Sabine River Works Plant in Orange, Texas , and the Parlin Site in Sayreville, New Jersey . The facilities in Vadodara , Gujarat and Hyderabad , Telangana in India constituted the DuPont Services Center and DuPont Knowledge Center respectively. The European Commission opened a probe to assess whether the proposed merger was in line with
2726-987: The Pioneer Hi-Bred agricultural seed company in 1999. DuPont ranked 86th in the Fortune 500 on the strength of nearly $ 36 billion in revenues, $ 4.848 billion in profits in 2013. In April 2014, Forbes ranked DuPont 171st on its Global 2000, the listing of the world's top public companies. During this time, DuPont businesses were organized into the following five categories, known as marketing "platforms": Electronic and Communication Technologies, Performance Materials, Coatings and Color Technologies, Safety and Protection, and Agriculture and Nutrition. The agriculture division, DuPont Pioneer , made and sold hybrid seed and genetically modified seed , some of which produces genetically modified food . Genes engineered into their products included LibertyLink , which provides resistance to Bayer's Ignite Herbicide /Liberty herbicides;
2820-513: The U.S. state of Delaware and first arose as a major supplier of gunpowder. DuPont developed many polymers such as Vespel , neoprene , nylon , Corian , Teflon , Mylar , Kapton , Kevlar , Zemdrain, M5 fiber , Nomex , Tyvek , Sorona , Corfam and Lycra in the 20th century, and its scientists developed many chemicals, most notably Freon ( chlorofluorocarbons ), for the refrigerant industry. It also developed synthetic pigments and paints including ChromaFlair . In 2015, DuPont and
2914-409: The "Dot" stroke : The traditional components ⺥ and 爫 become ⺈ : The traditional component 奐 becomes 奂 : DuPont DuPont de Nemours, Inc. , commonly shortened to DuPont , is an American multinational chemical company first formed in 1802 by French-American chemist and industrialist Éleuthère Irénée du Pont de Nemours . The company played a major role in the development of
Dongying - Misplaced Pages Continue
3008-459: The "external appearances of individual graphs", and in graphical form ( 字体 ; 字體 ; zìtǐ ), "overall changes in the distinguishing features of graphic[al] shape and calligraphic style, [...] in most cases refer[ring] to rather obvious and rather substantial changes". The initiatives following the founding of the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) to universalize the use of their small seal script across
3102-823: The $ 2.1 million DuPont Nature Center at Mispillion Harbor Reserve, a wildlife observatory and interpretive center on the Delaware Bay near Milford, Delaware was opened to enhance the beauty and integrity of the Delaware Estuary. The facility is state-owned and operated by the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC). In 2010, DuPont Pioneer received approval to market Plenish soybeans, which contain "the highest oleic acid content of any commercial soybean product, at more than 75 percent. Plenish has no trans fat, 20 percent less saturated fat than regular soybean oil, and
3196-511: The 1960s, DuPont began tests to see if it could resist a lead bullet. This research would ultimately lead to the bullet-resistant vests that are used by police and military units. In 1962, DuPont applied for a patent on the explosion welding process, which was granted on June 23, 1964, under US Patent 3,137,937[123] and resulted in the use of the Detaclad trademark to describe the process. On July 22, 1996, Dynamic Materials Corporation completed
3290-482: The 1986 General List of Simplified Chinese Characters , hereafter the General List . All characters simplified this way are enumerated in Chart 1 and Chart 2 in the 1986 Complete List . Characters in both charts are structurally simplified based on similar set of principles. They are separated into two charts to clearly mark those in Chart 2 as 'usable as simplified character components', based on which Chart 3
3384-520: The 1986 mainland China revisions. Unlike in mainland China, Singapore parents have the option of registering their children's names in traditional characters. Malaysia also promulgated a set of simplified characters in 1981, though completely identical to the mainland Chinese set. They are used in Chinese-language schools. All characters simplified this way are enumerated in Charts 1 and 2 of
3478-589: The CFO position. In November 2021, DuPont announced that it intended to acquire Rogers Corporation in a deal valued at $ 5.2 billion. While the deal had been approved by many other regulatory agencies, due to Chinese regulators prolonging the review, DuPont decided on November 1, 2022, to walk away from the deal. DuPont paid Rogers a termination fee of US$ 162.5 million. In May 2024, DuPont announced it would split into three publicly traded companies, separating its electronics and water businesses while continuing as
3572-470: The Chinese government published a major revision to the list which included a total of 8300 characters. No new simplifications were introduced. In addition, slight modifications to the orthography of 44 characters to fit traditional calligraphic rules were initially proposed, but were not implemented due to negative public response. Also, the practice of unrestricted simplification of rare and archaic characters by analogy using simplified radicals or components
3666-475: The Clinton administration, Dan Glickman , and former Governor of Nebraska , Mike Johanns , by creating a single, independent, U.S.-based and – owned pure agriculture company, Dow and DuPont would be able to compete against their still larger global peers. The merger was not opposed by competition authorities around the world due to the view that it did not have noticeable impact on the global seed markets. On
3760-782: The Dongying Office in the Huimin area was established here. In 1982, the State Council approved the establishment of a prefecture level city, named "Dongying". Dongying is located on the banks of the Yellow River Delta of Northern Shandong Province. Bordering prefectures are: The city is located at 36° 55'–38° 10' N latitude and 118° 07′–119° 10' E longitude, and has a total area of 7,923 square kilometres (3,059 sq mi). The city's 350 km (220 mi) coastline borders Laizhou Bay and Bohai Bay to
3854-468: The EU's respective regulations. The Commission investigated whether the deal reduced competition in areas such as crop protection, seeds and petrochemicals. The closing date for the merger was repeatedly delayed due to these regulatory inquiries. Ed Breen said the companies were negotiating possible divestitures in their pesticide operations to win approval for the deal. As part of their EU counterproposal,
Dongying - Misplaced Pages Continue
3948-784: The Herculex I Insect Protection gene, which provides protection against various insects; the Herculex RW insect protection trait, which provides protection against other insects; the YieldGard Corn Borer gene, which provides resistance to another set of insects; and the Roundup Ready Corn 2 trait that provides crop resistance against glyphosate herbicides. DuPont had 150 research and development facilities located in China, Brazil, India, Germany, and Switzerland, with an average investment of $ 2 billion annually in
4042-547: The Materials Science Committee. These Committees were intended to oversee their respective businesses, and would work with both CEOs on the scheduled separation of the businesses’ standalone entities. Announced in February 2018, DowDuPont's agriculture division is named Corteva Agriscience, its materials science division is named Dow, and its specialty products division is named DuPont. In March 2018, it
4136-569: The Third Reich from 1933 until 1943 when all of DuPont's assets in Germany were seized by the Nazi government along with those of all other American companies. Irénée du Pont , a descendant of Éleuthère Irénée du Pont and the president of the company during the buildup to World War II, was also a financial supporter of Nazi Führer Adolf Hitler and keenly followed Hitler since the 1920s. After
4230-501: The US for DuPont. Dongying History Museum (Guangrao County History Museum) is a comprehensive museum of geography established in May 1993. It is a national second level museum and AAA level tourist attraction, including a comprehensive building and Sun Wu Temple. It covers a total area of 42763 square meters and currently has more than 12000 collections, including 417 precious cultural relics above
4324-472: The US. Both duopolies would become the "big two" industry dominators. DuPont has been awarded the National Medal of Technology four times: first in 1990, for its invention of "high-performance man-made polymers such as nylon, neoprene rubber , " Teflon " fluorocarbon resin, and a wide spectrum of new fibers, films, and engineering plastics"; the second in 2002 "for policy and technology leadership in
4418-612: The accident occurred at Binyuan Chemical Company in Diaokou Township, Lijin County. An explosion occurred late at night on Monday (August 31), and the flames were extinguished in the early morning of Tuesday (September 1). According to the report, the accident resulted in one death, and the relevant company leaders have been brought under control. Simplified Chinese characters Simplified Chinese characters are one of two standardized character sets widely used to write
4512-464: The acquisition of DuPont's Detaclad operations for a purchase price of $ 5,321,850 (or about $ 10.34 million today). In 1981, DuPont acquired Conoco Inc. , a major American oil and gas producing company, which gave it a secure source of petroleum feedstocks needed for the manufacturing of many of its fiber and plastics products. The acquisition, which made DuPont one of the top ten U.S.-based petroleum and natural gas producers and refiners, came about after
4606-428: The character set are altered. Some simplifications were based on popular cursive forms that embody graphic or phonetic simplifications of the traditional forms. In addition, variant characters with identical pronunciation and meaning were reduced to a single standardized character, usually the simplest among all variants in form. Finally, many characters were left untouched by simplification and are thus identical between
4700-516: The chemical through manufacturing and home use. DuPont introduced phenothiazine as an insecticide in 1935. DuPont ranked 15th among United States corporations in the value of wartime production contracts. As the inventor and manufacturer of nylon , DuPont helped produce the raw materials for parachutes , powder bags, and tires . DuPont also played a major role in the Manhattan Project in 1943, designing, building and operating
4794-407: The chosen variants, those that appear in the "Complete List of Simplified Characters" are also simplified in character structure accordingly. Some examples follow: Sample reduction of equivalent variants : Ancient variants with simple structure are preferred : Simpler vulgar forms are also chosen : The chosen variant was already simplified in Chart 1 : In some instances, the chosen variant
SECTION 50
#17327719928024888-419: The city's economy revolves around petroleum and the nearby Shengli Oil Field. Industries include petroleum, petrochemistry, saline chemistry, papermaking, machinery, electronics, construction, building materials, foodstuff processing, pneumatic tires and rubber, textiles, and light industries. Dongying is one of the world's leading producers of rubber tires. With the release of the 2023 ERJ Global Tire Ranking,
4982-631: The cleanup of 171 former DuPont sites, which DuPont says will cost between $ 295 million and $ 945 million, was transferred to Chemours. In October 2015, DuPont sold the Neoprene chloroprene rubber business to Denka Performance Elastomers, a joint venture of Denka and Mitsui . On December 11, 2015, DuPont announced a merger with Dow Chemical Company, in an all-stock transaction. The combined company, DowDuPont, had an estimated value of $ 130 billion, being equally held by both companies’ shareholders, while also maintaining its two headquarters. The merger of
5076-468: The companies offered to dispose of a portion of DuPont's crop protection business and associated R&D, as well as Dow's acrylic acid copolymers and ionomers businesses. The remedy submission in turn delayed the commission's review deadline to April 4, 2017. The intended spins of the company businesses were expected to occur about 18 months after closing. According to the Financial Times ,
5170-665: The company at the Eleutherian Mills , on the Brandywine Creek , near Wilmington, Delaware , two years after du Pont and his family left France to escape the French Revolution and religious persecution against Huguenot Protestants. The company began as a manufacturer of gunpowder, as du Pont noticed that the industry in North America was lagging behind Europe. The company grew quickly, and by
5264-542: The company. On May 1, 2012, DuPont announced that it had acquired from Bunge full ownership of the Solae joint venture, a soy-based ingredients company. DuPont previously owned 72 percent of the joint venture while Bunge owned the remaining 28 percent. In February 2013, DuPont Performance Coatings was sold to the Carlyle Group and rebranded as Axalta Coating Systems . In October 2013, DuPont announced that it
5358-465: The construction and design process in the building industry." In 2005, BusinessWeek magazine, in conjunction with the Climate Group, ranked DuPont as the best-practice leader in cutting their carbon gas emissions. DuPont reduced its greenhouse gas emissions by more than 65 percent from the 1990 levels while using 7 percent less energy and producing 30 percent more product. In 2012 DuPont
5452-473: The country's writing system as a serious impediment to its modernization. In 1916, a multi-part English-language article entitled "The Problem of the Chinese Language" co-authored by the Chinese linguist Yuen Ren Chao (1892–1982) and poet Hu Shih (1891–1962) has been identified as a turning point in the history of the Chinese script—as it was one of the first clear calls for China to move away from
5546-580: The double-base powders combining nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine . DuPont subsequently developed the Improved Military Rifle (IMR) line of smokeless powders . In 1910, DuPont published a brochure entitled "Farming with Dynamite". The pamphlet was instructional, outlining the benefits to using their dynamite products on stumps and various other obstacles that would be easier to remove with dynamite as opposed to other more conventional and inefficient means. DuPont also established two of
5640-476: The early 20th century. In 1909, the educator and linguist Lufei Kui formally proposed the use of simplified characters in education for the first time. Over the following years—marked by the 1911 Xinhai Revolution that toppled the Qing dynasty , followed by growing social and political discontent that further erupted into the 1919 May Fourth Movement —many anti-imperialist intellectuals throughout China began to see
5734-613: The east and north respectively. Dongying City is located at mid latitudes, facing away from the land and sea, and is influenced by both the Eurasian continent and the Pacific Ocean.Dongying has a monsoon -influenced, four-season humid continental climate Köppen Dwa ), with hot, humid summers, and cold but dry winters. The city is dry and nearly rainless in spring, hot and rainy in summer, crisp in autumn and dry and cold (with little snow) in winter. The average annual temperature
SECTION 60
#17327719928025828-566: The explosives business constituted a monopoly and ordered divestment . The court ruling resulted in the creation of the Hercules Powder Company (later Hercules Inc. and now part of Ashland Inc. ) and the Atlas Powder Company (purchased by Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) and now part of AkzoNobel ). At the time of divestment, DuPont retained the single-base nitrocellulose powders, while Hercules held
5922-639: The first industrial laboratories in the United States, where they began the work on cellulose chemistry, lacquers and other non-explosive products. DuPont Central Research was established at the DuPont Experimental Station , across the Brandywine Creek from the original powder mills. In 1914, Pierre S. du Pont invested in the fledgling automobile industry, buying stock in General Motors (GM). The following year he
6016-634: The first official list of simplified forms was published, consisting of 324 characters collated by Peking University professor Qian Xuantong . However, fierce opposition within the KMT resulted in the list being rescinded in 1936. Work throughout the 1950s resulted in the 1956 promulgation of the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme , a draft of 515 simplified characters and 54 simplified components, whose simplifications would be present in most compound characters. Over
6110-463: The first round—but was massively unpopular and never saw consistent use. The second round of simplifications was ultimately retracted officially in 1986, well after they had largely ceased to be used due to their unpopularity and the confusion they caused. In August 2009, China began collecting public comments for a revised list of simplified characters; the resulting List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters lists 8,105 characters, including
6204-475: The following decade, the Script Reform Committee deliberated on characters in the 1956 scheme, collecting public input regarding the recognizability of variants, and often approving forms in small batches. Parallel to simplification, there were also initiatives aimed at eliminating the use of characters entirely and replacing them with pinyin as an official Chinese alphabet, but this possibility
6298-459: The founding of the Qin. The Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD) that inherited the Qin administration coincided with the perfection of clerical script through the process of libian . Eastward spread of Western learning Though most closely associated with the People's Republic, the idea of a mass simplification of character forms first gained traction in China during
6392-466: The increased usage of 朙 was followed by proliferation of a third variant: 眀 , with 目 'eye' on the left—likely derived as a contraction of 朙 . Ultimately, 明 became the character's standard form. The Book of Han (111 AD) describes an earlier attempt made by King Xuan of Zhou ( d. 782 BC ) to unify character forms across the states of ancient China , with his chief chronicler having "[written] fifteen chapters describing" what
6486-465: The left, with the 月 'Moon' component on the right. Li Si ( d. 208 BC ), the Chancellor of Qin, attempted to universalize the Qin small seal script across China following the wars that had politically unified the country for the first time. Li prescribed the 朙 form of the word for 'bright', but some scribes ignored this and continued to write the character as 明 . However,
6580-462: The merger as of April, 2017, although the decision was said to consist of over a thousand pages and was expected to take several months to be released publicly. As part of the approval, Dow must also sell off two acrylic acid co-polymers manufacturing facilities in Spain and the US. China conditionally cleared the merger in May, 2017. According to former United States Secretary of Agriculture during
6674-461: The merger was "on track for approval in March" 2017. Dow Chemical and DuPont postponed the planned deadline during late March, as they struck an $ 1.6 billion asset swap with FMC Corporation in order to win the antitrust clearances. DuPont acquired the corporation's health and nutrition business, while selling its herbicide and insecticide properties. The European Commission conditionally approved
6768-627: The mid-19th century had become the largest supplier of preppy gunpowder to the United States military , supplying one-third to one-half the powder used by the Union Army during the American Civil War . The Eleutherian Mills site is now a museum and a National Historic Landmark . DuPont continued to expand, moving into the production of dynamite and smokeless powder . In 1902, DuPont's president, Eugene du Pont , died, and
6862-402: The most prominent Chinese authors of the 20th century, stated that "if Chinese characters are not destroyed, then China will die" ( 漢字不滅，中國必亡 ). During the 1930s and 1940s, discussions regarding simplification took place within the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) party. Many members of the Chinese intelligentsia maintained that simplification would increase literacy rates throughout the country. In 1935,
6956-528: The national third level (pieces/sets). The Sun Tzu Cultural Tourism Area is located in the Chengdong New District of Guangrao County, Dongying City. Based on the standards of national level ecological tourism demonstration areas and tourist resorts, it is a cultural experiential tourism and vacation project with Sun Tzu culture as its theme, created according to the functional positioning of ecology, tourism, culture, and city. In August 2012, it
7050-506: The other hand, if Monsanto and Bayer , the 1st and 3rd largest biotech and seed firms, together with Dow and DuPont being the 4th and 5th largest biotechnology and seed companies in the world respectively, both went through with the mergers, the so-called "Big Six" (including Syngenta and BASF ) in the industry would control 63 percent of the global seed market and 76 percent of the global agriculture chemical market. They would also control 95 percent of corn, soybeans, and cotton traits in
7144-429: The phaseout and replacement of chlorofluorocarbons ". DuPont scientist George Levitt was honored with the medal in 1993 for the development of sulfonylurea herbicides . In 1996, DuPont scientist Stephanie Kwolek was recognized for the discovery and development of Kevlar . In the 1980s, Dr. Jacob Lahijani, Senior Chemist at DuPont, invented Kevlar 149 and was highlighted in the "Innovation: Agent of Change. Kevlar 149
7238-430: The public and quickly fell out of official use. It was ultimately formally rescinded in 1986. The second-round simplifications were unpopular in large part because most of the forms were completely new, in contrast to the familiar variants comprising the majority of the first round. With the rescission of the second round, work toward further character simplification largely came to an end. In 1986, authorities retracted
7332-465: The recently conquered parts of the empire is generally seen as being the first real attempt at script reform in Chinese history. Before the 20th century, variation in character shape on the part of scribes, which would continue with the later invention of woodblock printing , was ubiquitous. For example, prior to the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) the character meaning 'bright' was written as either 明 or 朙 —with either 日 'Sun' or 囧 'window' on
7426-481: The same set of simplified characters as mainland China. The first round was promulgated by the Ministry of Education in 1969, consisting of 498 simplified characters derived from 502 traditional characters. A second round of 2287 simplified characters was promulgated in 1974. The second set contained 49 differences from the mainland China system; these were removed in the final round in 1976. In 1993, Singapore adopted
7520-467: The second round completely, though they had been largely fallen out of use within a year of their initial introduction. That year, the authorities also promulgated a final version of the General List of Simplified Chinese Characters . It was identical to the 1964 list save for 6 changes—including the restoration of 3 characters that had been simplified in the first round: 叠 , 覆 , 像 ; the form 疊
7614-524: The specialty products divisions. Prior to the spinoffs it was the world's largest chemical company in terms of sales. The merger has been reported to be worth an estimated $ 130 billion. The present DuPont, as prior to the merger, is headquartered in Wilmington, Delaware , in the state where it is incorporated . DuPont was founded in 1802 by Éleuthère Irénée du Pont , using capital raised in France and gunpowder machinery imported from France. He started
7708-481: The surviving partners sold the company to three great-grandsons of the original founder. Charles Lee Reese was appointed as director and the company began centralizing their research departments. The company subsequently purchased several smaller chemical companies; in 1912 these actions generated government scrutiny under the Sherman Antitrust Act . The courts declared that the company's dominance of
7802-497: The traditional and simplified Chinese orthographies. The Chinese government has never officially announced the completion of the simplification process after the bulk of characters were introduced by the 1960s. In the wake of the Cultural Revolution , a second round of simplified characters was promulgated in 1977—largely composed of entirely new variants intended to artificially lower the stroke count, in contrast to
7896-833: The traditional character 強 , with 11 strokes is standardised as 强 , with 12 strokes, which is a variant character. Such characters do not constitute simplified characters. The new standardized character forms shown in the Characters for Publishing and revised through the Common Modern Characters list tend to adopt vulgar variant character forms. Since the new forms take vulgar variants, many characters now appear slightly simpler compared to old forms, and as such are often mistaken as structurally simplified characters. Some examples follow: The traditional component 釆 becomes 米 : The traditional component 囚 becomes 日 : The traditional "Break" stroke becomes
7990-547: The two largest U.S. chemical companies closed on August 31, 2017. Both companies' boards of directors decided that following the merger DowDuPont would pursue a separation into three independent, publicly traded companies: an agriculture, a materials science, and a specialty products company. Advisory Committees were established for each of the businesses. DuPont CEO Ed Breen would lead the Agriculture and Specialty Products Committees, and Dow CEO Andrew Liveris would lead
8084-522: The use of characters entirely. Instead, Chao proposed that the language be written with an alphabet, which he saw as more logical and efficient. The alphabetization and simplification campaigns would exist alongside one another among the Republican intelligentsia for the next several decades. Recent commentators have echoed some contemporary claims that Chinese characters were blamed for the economic problems in China during that time. Lu Xun , one of
8178-490: The war, DuPont continued its emphasis on new materials, developing Mylar , Dacron , Orlon , and Lycra in the 1950s, and Tyvek , Nomex , Qiana , Corfam , and Corian in the 1960s. DuPont has been the key company behind the development of modern body armor . In the Second World War , DuPont's ballistic nylon was used by Britain 's Royal Air Force to make flak jackets . With the development of Kevlar in
8272-998: The world. Major manufacturing sites included the Spruance plant near Richmond, Virginia , (currently the company's largest plant), the Washington Works site in Washington, West Virginia , the Mobile Manufacturing Center (MMC) in Axis, Alabama , the Bayport plant near Houston , Texas, the Mechelen site in Belgium , and the Changshu site in China. Other locations included the Yerkes Plant on
8366-464: Was abandoned, confirmed by a speech given by Zhou Enlai in 1958. In 1965, the PRC published the List of Commonly Used Characters for Printing [ zh ] (hereafter Characters for Printing ), which included standard printed forms for 6196 characters, including all of the forms from the 1956 scheme. A second round of simplified characters was promulgated in 1977, but was poorly received by
8460-453: Was announced that Jeff Fettig would become executive chairman of DowDuPont on July 1, 2018, and Jim Fitterling would become CEO of Dow Chemical on April 1, 2018. In October 2018, the company's agricultural unit recorded a $ 4.6 billion loss in the third quarter after lowering its long-term sales and profits targets. In 2019, DuPont completed its spin off from DowDuPont and the company adapted its marketing and branding in order to establish
8554-532: Was invited to be on GM's board of directors and would eventually be appointed the company's chairman. The DuPont company would assist the struggling automobile company further with a $ 25 million purchase of GM stock ($ 752,960,526 in 2023 dollars ). In 1920, Pierre S. du Pont was elected president of General Motors. Under du Pont's leadership, GM became the number one automobile company in the world. However, in 1957, because of DuPont's influence within GM, further action under
8648-717: Was planning to spin off its Performance Chemicals business into a new publicly traded company in mid-2015. The company filed its initial Form 10 with the SEC in December 2014 and announced that the new company would be called The Chemours Company . The spin-off to DuPont shareholders was completed on July 1, 2015, and Chemours stock began trading on the New York Stock Exchange on the same date. DuPont then focused on production of GMO seeds, materials for solar panels , and alternatives to fossil fuels. Responsibility for
8742-638: Was rated as a national 4A level tourist attraction. A new bus station ( 东营市汽车总站 ; Dōngyíng Shì qìchē Zǒng Zhàn ) was built between the east and west sides of the city, on Huanghe Road ( 黄河路 ; Huánghé Lù ). Connections to Beijing, Qingdao and Jinan, among many other cities are available on a daily basis. Dongying is home to one major university, the China University of Petroleum , as well as several colleges and technical schools. There are also many top high schools located in Dongying, one of those
8836-409: Was the largest producer of titanium dioxide in the world, primarily provided as a white pigment used in the paper industry . On January 9, 2011, DuPont announced that it had reached an agreement to buy Danish company Danisco for US$ 6.3 billion. On May 16, 2011, DuPont announced that its tender offer for Danisco had been successful and that it would proceed to redeem the remaining shares and delist
#801198