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145-485: Danganronpa ( Japanese : ダンガンロンパ ) is a Japanese video game franchise created by Kazutaka Kodaka and developed and owned by Spike Chunsoft (formerly Spike ). The series primarily surrounds various groups of apparent high-school students who are forced into murdering each other by a robotic teddy bear named Monokuma . Gameplay features a mix of adventure , visual novel , detective and dating simulator elements. The first game, Danganronpa: Trigger Happy Havoc ,
290-567: A Whataburger representative over the incident, both in-person and on Twitter . The reveal in the first game of one characters' gender, who had been cross-dressing, received mixed reception from some critics, who called the discovery "a cheap plot device". The series has won multiple awards, including the first one: GameFan as Game of the Year , Best Sony Portable Exclusive Game, and Best Adventure Game. Game Informer awarded it Best Vita Exclusive, Best New Character (Monokuma) while RPGFan gave it
435-637: A benefit from the in-group to the out-group) means "[I/we] explained [it] to [him/her/them]". Such beneficiary auxiliary verbs thus serve a function comparable to that of pronouns and prepositions in Indo-European languages to indicate the actor and the recipient of an action. Japanese "pronouns" also function differently from most modern Indo-European pronouns (and more like nouns) in that they can take modifiers as any other noun may. For instance, one does not say in English: The amazed he ran down
580-523: A city overrun by murderous Monokumas, and fighting against a group of children calling themselves the Warriors of Hope. This game was also adapted into the manga Genocider Mode . Gameplay in the main Danganronpa games is split into various chapters which each consist of three sections: Daily Life, Deadly Life, and Class Trial. Daily Life follows a standard visual novel style as players explore
725-633: A compilation of the first two games, for the PlayStation Vita . Along with higher resolution graphics and touch-screen controls, the compilation added an additional 'School Mode' to the first game, based on the second game's 'Island Mode'. On 6 July 2013, NIS America announced they would be releasing the Vita version of the first game in English under the name Danganronpa: Trigger Happy Havoc , featuring both English and Japanese audio. This version
870-575: A deep admiration for Hope's Peak Academy. Over the course of the Killing School Trip, he discovers that he is in fact a member of Hope's Peak's Reserve Course Department and has no ultimate talent. Driven by his desire for talent, Hajime agreed to take part in the Izuru Kamukura project and was surgically implanted with every talent known to man, lobotomizing him in the process. Reborn as Izuru Kamukura, he brought Alter Ego Junko into
1015-414: A distinct language of its own that has absorbed various aspects from neighboring languages. Japanese has five vowels, and vowel length is phonemic, with each having both a short and a long version. Elongated vowels are usually denoted with a line over the vowel (a macron ) in rōmaji , a repeated vowel character in hiragana , or a chōonpu succeeding the vowel in katakana . /u/ ( listen )
1160-419: A glide /j/ and either the first part of a geminate consonant ( っ / ッ , represented as Q) or a moraic nasal in the coda ( ん / ン , represented as N). The nasal is sensitive to its phonetic environment and assimilates to the following phoneme, with pronunciations including [ɴ, m, n, ɲ, ŋ, ɰ̃] . Onset-glide clusters only occur at the start of syllables but clusters across syllables are allowed as long as
1305-429: A listener depending on the listener's relative social position and the degree of familiarity between the speaker and the listener. When used in different social relationships, the same word may have positive (intimate or respectful) or negative (distant or disrespectful) connotations. Japanese often use titles of the person referred to where pronouns would be used in English. For example, when speaking to one's teacher, it
1450-460: A new character named Nagito Komaeda was introduced with the same Lucky Talent as Makoto. However, the staff considered them opposites based on their ideals of hope. In contrast to Makoto's heroic ideals of obtaining hope, Nagito instead embraces the idea of despair, believing that from any corrupted work the cast can find salvation. The anime End of Hope's Peak Academy introduces a rival to Makoto named Kyosuke Munakata who shares similar ideals but
1595-494: A pet of Monomi appear as part of a crossover in the NetEase survival mobile game Identity V . The franchise had a theatrical play dubbed Danganronpa The Stage 2016 (ダンガンロンパ THE STAGE 2016.) The play follows Makoto Naegi as he and his classmates must kill each other without being caught by the other students. The play features all the characters from the anime and game. The game is localized to Japan only. A stage play based on
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#17327800488221740-424: A result, he found that the franchise was so successful that it approached Atlus 's role-playing game series Persona , although Persona still being vastly more popular. Anime director Tomohisa Taguchi was so impressed by Kodaka's work on Danganronpa that he collaborated with him on the anime Akudama Drive . Japanese language Japanese ( 日本語 , Nihongo , [ɲihoŋɡo] )
1885-408: A sentence need not be stated and pronouns may be omitted if they can be inferred from context. In the example above, hana ga nagai would mean "[their] noses are long", while nagai by itself would mean "[they] are long." A single verb can be a complete sentence: Yatta! ( やった! ) "[I / we / they / etc] did [it]!". In addition, since adjectives can form the predicate in a Japanese sentence (below),
2030-525: A similar feeling with the anime adaptation as she felt it was too trimmed. Kodaka claimed some lines were not befitting to protagonist Makoto Naegi such as when the player is exploring an area. As a result, he also felt they would have added more fitting lines if Spike had the budget for the game. The game was originally released on PlayStation Portable in Japan on 25 November 2010, and was later ported to iOS and Android devices on 20 August 2012. Prior to
2175-428: A single adjective can be a complete sentence: Urayamashii! ( 羨ましい! ) "[I'm] jealous [about it]!". While the language has some words that are typically translated as pronouns, these are not used as frequently as pronouns in some Indo-European languages, and function differently. In some cases, Japanese relies on special verb forms and auxiliary verbs to indicate the direction of benefit of an action: "down" to indicate
2320-483: A specific juncture. However, Kodaka had mixed feelings about it, finding that it would come across as forced storytelling. Kodaka also refrained from expanding the theme of romance in the game, as he felt the cast would look weak if this was implemented. The games were localized by NIS America. Due to the poor popularity of outsourced games by the Western studio-like DmC: Devil May Cry or Dead Rising , Spike wanted
2465-512: A standalone sequel game, Danganronpa V3: Killing Harmony (2017), various spin-off novels and manga including Danganronpa Zero (2011), Kirigiri (2013–2020), Genocider Mode (2015–2017), Togami (2015–2017), and Killer Killer (2016–2017), and two anime television series, one an adaptation of the first game in 2013 and the other a sequel and finale , Danganronpa 3: The End of Hope's Peak High School (2016). Where available, this article uses spellings and terminology featured in
2610-413: A team of four of the Danganronpa characters at enemies. "It was originally a basic visual novel, but visual novel games are not that popular in Japan anymore, either. So we figured that if DanganRonpa were to be just a visual novel, it would not be as popular we wanted it to be, these days. So that's why, to show that the game is really interesting, we decided to add a lot of different features -- after
2755-488: A young woman assigned to the Future Foundation's sixth branch. She specializes in murder investigations, and is teamed up with fellow investigator Takumi Hijirihara, who, following "The Tragedy", has secretly become a serial killer, known as the "Killer Killer", obsessed with killing other serial killers the pair are tasked with apprehending. Two comic anthologies were released on September 9, 2016, and another
2900-680: Is compressed rather than protruded , or simply unrounded. Some Japanese consonants have several allophones , which may give the impression of a larger inventory of sounds. However, some of these allophones have since become phonemic. For example, in the Japanese language up to and including the first half of the 20th century, the phonemic sequence /ti/ was palatalized and realized phonetically as [tɕi] , approximately chi ( listen ) ; however, now [ti] and [tɕi] are distinct, as evidenced by words like tī [tiː] "Western-style tea" and chii [tɕii] "social status". The "r" of
3045-421: Is topic–comment . Sentence-final particles are used to add emotional or emphatic impact, or form questions. Nouns have no grammatical number or gender , and there are no articles . Verbs are conjugated , primarily for tense and voice , but not person . Japanese adjectives are also conjugated. Japanese has a complex system of honorifics , with verb forms and vocabulary to indicate the relative status of
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#17327800488223190-493: Is a list of characters from the Spike Chunsoft video game series Danganronpa . The series follows the students of Hope's Peak Academy who are forced into a life of mutual killing by a sadistic teddy bear named Monokuma . The series consists of three games, Danganronpa: Trigger Happy Havoc (2010), Danganronpa 2: Goodbye Despair (2012) and Danganronpa Another Episode: Ultra Despair Girls (2014), along with
3335-448: Is also seen in o-medetō "congratulations", from medetaku ). Late Middle Japanese has the first loanwords from European languages – now-common words borrowed into Japanese in this period include pan ("bread") and tabako ("tobacco", now "cigarette"), both from Portuguese . Modern Japanese is considered to begin with the Edo period (which spanned from 1603 to 1867). Since Old Japanese,
3480-408: Is also used as the anime's final ending theme. The soundtrack for Danganronpa 2: Goodbye Despair was released on 31 August 2012. The soundtrack for Danganronpa: The Animation was released by Geneon Universal Entertainment on 28 August 2013. The opening theme for the anime series was "Never Say Never", performed by TKDz2b with Jas Mace, Marchitect and Tribeca, the single of which was included with
3625-527: Is also used in a limited fashion (such as for imported acronyms) in Japanese writing. The numeral system uses mostly Arabic numerals , but also traditional Chinese numerals . Proto-Japonic , the common ancestor of the Japanese and Ryukyuan languages , is thought to have been brought to Japan by settlers coming from the Korean peninsula sometime in the early- to mid-4th century BC (the Yayoi period ), replacing
3770-440: Is appropriate to use sensei ( 先生 , "teacher"), but inappropriate to use anata . This is because anata is used to refer to people of equal or lower status, and one's teacher has higher status. Japanese nouns have no grammatical number, gender or article aspect. The noun hon ( 本 ) may refer to a single book or several books; hito ( 人 ) can mean "person" or "people", and ki ( 木 ) can be "tree" or "trees". Where number
3915-701: Is associated with comedy (see Kansai dialect ). Dialects of Tōhoku and North Kantō are associated with typical farmers. The Ryūkyūan languages, spoken in Okinawa and the Amami Islands (administratively part of Kagoshima ), are distinct enough to be considered a separate branch of the Japonic family; not only is each language unintelligible to Japanese speakers, but most are unintelligible to those who speak other Ryūkyūan languages. However, in contrast to linguists, many ordinary Japanese people tend to consider
4060-466: Is better documentation of Late Middle Japanese phonology than for previous forms (for instance, the Arte da Lingoa de Iapam ). Among other sound changes, the sequence /au/ merges to /ɔː/ , in contrast with /oː/ ; /p/ is reintroduced from Chinese; and /we/ merges with /je/ . Some forms rather more familiar to Modern Japanese speakers begin to appear – the continuative ending - te begins to reduce onto
4205-509: Is correlated with the sex of the speaker and the social situation in which they are spoken: men and women alike in a formal situation generally refer to themselves as watashi ( 私 , literally "private") or watakushi (also 私 , hyper-polite form), while men in rougher or intimate conversation are much more likely to use the word ore ( 俺 "oneself", "myself") or boku . Similarly, different words such as anata , kimi , and omae ( お前 , more formally 御前 "the one before me") may refer to
4350-405: Is corrupted due to his friends' death, and thus contradicts Makoto's ideals. Across the story, Makoto carries the "burdens of hope" in the face of persistent obstacles, allowing him to redeem Kyosuke. For the third and latest game, Danganronpa V3: Killing Harmony , Kodaka decided to focus on a new theme: lies. Dishonesty is represented through mysteries and surprises the player gets while playing
4495-417: Is important, it can be indicated by providing a quantity (often with a counter word ) or (rarely) by adding a suffix, or sometimes by duplication (e.g. 人人 , hitobito , usually written with an iteration mark as 人々 ). Words for people are usually understood as singular. Thus Tanaka-san usually means Mx Tanaka . Words that refer to people and animals can be made to indicate a group of individuals through
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4640-755: Is less common. In terms of mutual intelligibility , a survey in 1967 found that the four most unintelligible dialects (excluding Ryūkyūan languages and Tōhoku dialects ) to students from Greater Tokyo were the Kiso dialect (in the deep mountains of Nagano Prefecture ), the Himi dialect (in Toyama Prefecture ), the Kagoshima dialect and the Maniwa dialect (in Okayama Prefecture ). The survey
4785-527: Is much less purposeful without a motive to justify it. This is something you can really see with all his titles.". The first game in the series, titled Danganronpa: Kibō no Gakuen to Zetsubō no Kōkōsei , was produced by Yoshinori Terasawa, who was inspired by movies such as Saw and Cube . The game uses a distinct "pop art" style featuring fluorescent pink blood. The game's scenario was written by Kodaka, with character designs by Rui Komatsuzaki. In February 2014, Kodaka revealed on his Twitter account that
4930-420: Is often called a topic-prominent language , which means it has a strong tendency to indicate the topic separately from the subject, and that the two do not always coincide. The sentence Zō wa hana ga nagai ( 象は鼻が長い ) literally means, "As for elephant(s), (the) nose(s) (is/are) long". The topic is zō "elephant", and the subject is hana "nose". Japanese grammar tends toward brevity; the subject or object of
5075-498: Is preserved in words such as matsuge ("eyelash", lit. "hair of the eye"); modern mieru ("to be visible") and kikoeru ("to be audible") retain a mediopassive suffix - yu(ru) ( kikoyu → kikoyuru (the attributive form, which slowly replaced the plain form starting in the late Heian period) → kikoeru (all verbs with the shimo-nidan conjugation pattern underwent this same shift in Early Modern Japanese )); and
5220-481: Is split into two simultaneously airing parts: Side: Future , which serves as a conclusion to the "Hope's Peak Academy" storyline, and Side: Despair , which serves as a prequel to the first two games, Trigger Happy Havoc and Goodbye Despair . Seiji Kishi once again directed the series at Lerche, while Norimitsu Kaihō wrote the screenplay. The Danganronpa development staff have stated that, while difficult to work on both titles simultaneously, they are giving it since
5365-597: Is the main section of the series, in which the students attempt to determine the culprit. This involves various types of mini-games, the most common of which is the Nonstop Debate. Here, the characters discuss the case in real-time, and the player must spot contradictions in their statements and shoot them using "Truth Bullets" containing the corresponding evidence. These sections are broken up by assorted minigames including spelling out clues, rhythmically fighting against suspects, and piecing together comic books depicting
5510-665: Is the principal language of the Japonic language family spoken by the Japanese people . It has around 123 million speakers, primarily in Japan , the only country where it is the national language , and within the Japanese diaspora worldwide. The Japonic family also includes the Ryukyuan languages and the variously classified Hachijō language . There have been many attempts to group the Japonic languages with other families such as
5655-402: Is the version of Japanese discussed in this article. Formerly, standard Japanese in writing ( 文語 , bungo , "literary language") was different from colloquial language ( 口語 , kōgo ) . The two systems have different rules of grammar and some variance in vocabulary. Bungo was the main method of writing Japanese until about 1900; since then kōgo gradually extended its influence and
5800-471: Is used for the present and the future. For verbs that represent an ongoing process, the -te iru form indicates a continuous (or progressive) aspect , similar to the suffix ing in English. For others that represent a change of state, the -te iru form indicates a perfect aspect. For example, kite iru means "They have come (and are still here)", but tabete iru means "They are eating". Questions (both with an interrogative pronoun and yes/no questions) have
5945-405: Is why some linguists do not classify Japanese "pronouns" as pronouns, but rather as referential nouns, much like Spanish usted (contracted from vuestra merced , "your ( majestic plural ) grace") or Portuguese você (from vossa mercê ). Japanese personal pronouns are generally used only in situations requiring special emphasis as to who is doing what to whom. The choice of words used as pronouns
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6090-680: The Super Sonico game, Motto! SoniComi . Characters from Danganronpa appear as downloadable content in Fushigi no Chronicle: Furikaerimasen Katsu Madewa . The roguelike rhythm game Crypt of the Necrodancer features remixed music from the Danganronpa series, as well as character skins of Makoto Naegi, Monokuma, Monomi, Hajime Hinata, Junko Enoshima , Chiaki Nanami, Ibuki Mioda and Sayaka Maizono. Costumes of Makoto, Kyoko, Junko, Monokuma, Hajime, Chiaki, Nagito and Mikan, as well as
6235-563: The Ainu , Austronesian , Koreanic , and the now-discredited Altaic , but none of these proposals have gained any widespread acceptance. Little is known of the language's prehistory, or when it first appeared in Japan. Chinese documents from the 3rd century AD recorded a few Japanese words, but substantial Old Japanese texts did not appear until the 8th century. From the Heian period (794–1185), extensive waves of Sino-Japanese vocabulary entered
6380-464: The Danganronpa to remain true to its Japanese release, with Spike Chunsoft CEO Mitsutoshi Sakurai saying that Western fans seemed to embrace Japanese games like the Final Fantasy series. Due to delays with it being made, fan translations of the first game were present on the internet before NIS America handled the project. Minor changes were made to the characters' names but the team felt that
6525-462: The Japonic language family, which also includes the Ryukyuan languages spoken in the Ryukyu Islands . As these closely related languages are commonly treated as dialects of the same language, Japanese is sometimes called a language isolate . According to Martine Irma Robbeets , Japanese has been subject to more attempts to show its relation to other languages than any other language in
6670-558: The Nintendo Switch titled Danganronpa Decadence was released in 2021. Besides the trilogy, the compilation offered a new title called Danganronpa S: Ultimate Summer Camp , expanded from the two extra modes of Danganronpa V3 . The spin-off, Danganronpa Another Episode: Ultra Despair Girls , takes place between the events of the first two games, follows series protagonist Makoto Naegi 's younger sister, Komaru Naegi , accompanied by Toko Fukawa , as both of them trek through
6815-514: The Philippines , and various Pacific islands, locals in those countries learned Japanese as the language of the empire. As a result, many elderly people in these countries can still speak Japanese. Japanese emigrant communities (the largest of which are to be found in Brazil , with 1.4 million to 1.5 million Japanese immigrants and descendants, according to Brazilian IBGE data, more than
6960-738: The United States (notably in Hawaii , where 16.7% of the population has Japanese ancestry, and California ), and the Philippines (particularly in Davao Region and the Province of Laguna ). Japanese has no official status in Japan, but is the de facto national language of the country. There is a form of the language considered standard : hyōjungo ( 標準語 ) , meaning "standard Japanese", or kyōtsūgo ( 共通語 ) , "common language", or even "Tokyo dialect" at times. The meanings of
7105-806: The de facto standard Japanese had been the Kansai dialect , especially that of Kyoto . However, during the Edo period, Edo (now Tokyo) developed into the largest city in Japan, and the Edo-area dialect became standard Japanese. Since the end of Japan's self-imposed isolation in 1853, the flow of loanwords from European languages has increased significantly. The period since 1945 has seen many words borrowed from other languages—such as German, Portuguese and English. Many English loan words especially relate to technology—for example, pasokon (short for "personal computer"), intānetto ("internet"), and kamera ("camera"). Due to
7250-581: The "Best Story", and "Best Graphic Adventure", while Goodbye Despair received Famitsu ' s Game of the Year (Readers), Hardcore Gamer ' s Best PS Vita Game, "Best New Character" (Monokuma), and "Best Adventure Game", while in the Japan Game Awards it won the "Award of Excellence". In 2017, Famitsu readers voted Danganronpa among the top four adventure games of all time, along with Steins;Gate , 428: Shibuya Scramble and Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney . Killing Harmony won
7395-500: The "Ultimate Lucky Student" of Hope's Peak Academy. Alongside the next anime, a manga spin-off illustrated by Mitomo Sasako, titled Killer Killer , began serialization in Kodansha 's Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine from March 9, 2016. Initially released as Killer Killer , in its third chapter, published on May 9, 2016, the manga series was revealed to be a side-story of Danganronpa 3 . The series focuses on Misaki Asano,
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#17327800488227540-527: The 1.2 million of the United States ) sometimes employ Japanese as their primary language. Approximately 12% of Hawaii residents speak Japanese, with an estimated 12.6% of the population of Japanese ancestry in 2008. Japanese emigrants can also be found in Peru , Argentina , Australia (especially in the eastern states), Canada (especially in Vancouver , where 1.4% of the population has Japanese ancestry),
7685-708: The English version they decided to also use the same actor: Bryce Papenbrook . The first Danganronpa has received two manga adaptations. The first adaptation, illustrated by Saku Toutani, was published in Enterbrain 's Famitsu Comic Clear web magazine between June 24, 2011, and October 18, 2013, and is told from the perspective of the other students. The second, illustrated by Samurai Takashi and based on Danganronpa: The Animation , began serialization in Kadokawa Shoten 's Shōnen Ace magazine from July 2013. An official fanbook and comic anthologies based on both
7830-403: The English video games. Monokuma ( モノクマ , lit. bear-thing or bear-person ) is the antagonist of the series. He is an anthropomorphic teddy bear who proclaims himself to be the headmaster of Hope's Peak Academy and initiates a life of mutual killing among the students. He has various copies of himself throughout the academy and punishes anyone that attempts to attack him or breaks
7975-662: The Excellence Prize at the Famitsu Awards and the award for "Best Plot Twist" in Game Informer ' s 2017 Adventure Game of the Year Awards. In a Famitsu poll celebrating the franchise's tenth anniversary, the series remained more popular within female players than male players. The survey also included the fact that Danganronpa is mostly popular within young adults despite the magazine claiming
8120-486: The Japanese language is of particular interest, ranging between an apical central tap and a lateral approximant . The "g" is also notable; unless it starts a sentence, it may be pronounced [ ŋ ] , in the Kanto prestige dialect and in other eastern dialects. The phonotactics of Japanese are relatively simple. The syllable structure is (C)(G)V(C), that is, a core vowel surrounded by an optional onset consonant,
8265-652: The Japanese release of Danganronpa 1-2 Reload , a PlayStation Vita port of the game and its sequel, Danganronpa 2: Goodbye Despair , NIS America released the Vita version of Trigger Happy Havoc in North America and Europe in February 2014. Spike Chunsoft later released the game on Steam in February 2016. NIS America also released Danganronpa 1-2 Reload for PlayStation 4 in North America and Europe in March 2017, and Japan on May 18, 2017. Another compilation for
8410-474: The Monokubs (Monokuma Kubs). His execution is named "Ultimate Annihilation". In developing Toko's characterization, writer/scenario creator Kazutaka Kodaka from Spike Chunsoft considered "[t]he easy thing [to] have been to make her the final boss , the last enemy , the culprit . But my goal in this series is to play to people's expectations, so I said, "No, no, no. Let's turn this around. Let's move to
8555-496: The Neo World Program in order to pit hope against despair and see who would triumph. Coming to terms with his past with the aid of Makoto Naegi, Hajime rallies the remaining students to defeat Alter Ego Junko and becomes one of the survivors who manages to escape to the real world. He returns in Danganronpa 3: The End of Hope's Peak High School , where he has retained Izuru's talent and Hajime's personality. After reviving
8700-736: The Old Japanese sections are written in Man'yōgana , which uses kanji for their phonetic as well as semantic values. Based on the Man'yōgana system, Old Japanese can be reconstructed as having 88 distinct morae . Texts written with Man'yōgana use two different sets of kanji for each of the morae now pronounced き (ki), ひ (hi), み (mi), け (ke), へ (he), め (me), こ (ko), そ (so), と (to), の (no), も (mo), よ (yo) and ろ (ro). (The Kojiki has 88, but all later texts have 87. The distinction between mo 1 and mo 2 apparently
8845-737: The Rhinogradentia. The light novel trilogy Danganronpa: Togami , which takes place before and during "The Tragedy", follows Byakuya Togami and his secretary and biographer Blue Ink after he is stranded naked in Prague with her by the Ultimate Despair organization, as the Ultimate Imposter takes over the Togami Conglomerate and announces worldwide that lest he (the real Byakuya) be assassinated within
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#17327800488228990-488: The Ryūkyūan languages as dialects of Japanese. The imperial court also seems to have spoken an unusual variant of the Japanese of the time, most likely the spoken form of Classical Japanese , a writing style that was prevalent during the Heian period , but began to decline during the late Meiji period . The Ryūkyūan languages are classified by UNESCO as 'endangered', as young people mostly use Japanese and cannot understand
9135-747: The Seven Stars . Costumes of Monokuma and Monomi also appear in the Japanese PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Vita versions of Terraria , which are published by Spike Chunsoft in that region. Another Spike game developed for the PlayStation Portable, Gachitora: The Roughneck Teacher in High School , allows a player to wear a Monokuma costume if a Danganronpa save file is present upon playing Gachitora . Downloadable outfits based on Monokuma and Monomi also appeared in
9280-540: The Switch. Danganronpa: Trigger Happy Havoc Anniversary Edition , Danganronpa 2: Goodbye Despair Anniversary Edition , Danganronpa V3: Killing Harmony Anniversary Edition , and Danganronpa S: Ultimate Summer Camp were also collected and sold as a bundle titled "Danganronpa Decadence on the Nintendo Switch. According to Kodaka, the first two games focus prominently on the ideas of hope and despair. The cast from
9425-494: The United States, combined sales of the first two games on PlayStation Vita, Trigger Happy Havoc and Goodbye Despair , have surpassed 200,000 copies sold as of April 2015. Spike Chunsoft reported in March 2018 that the two games each sold an additional 200,000 units through Steam . By 2021, the series reached 5 million copies sold worldwide. USGamer claimed that the popularity behind Danganronpa not only comes from
9570-405: The academy's rules. Visually, Monokuma is divided into two halves. His right half is a cute white teddy bear with black details and grey shading; his left half has black fur, a red eye, and an evil smirk. The identity of Monokuma's controller, as well as his motives for bringing the students together, are central to the mysteries that the students must investigate. In the first two games, Monokuma
9715-543: The addition of a collective suffix (a noun suffix that indicates a group), such as -tachi , but this is not a true plural: the meaning is closer to the English phrase "and company". A group described as Tanaka-san-tachi may include people not named Tanaka. Some Japanese nouns are effectively plural, such as hitobito "people" and wareware "we/us", while the word tomodachi "friend" is considered singular, although plural in form. Verbs are conjugated to show tenses, of which there are two: past and present (or non-past) which
9860-496: The anime Future Arc was made with InnocentSphere 's Hideyuki Nishimori directing and writing the scripts. It premiered on 20 July 2018. The series was a commercial success. As of 7 November 2018, the game series had sold over of 930,000 units in Japan. The best-selling Danganronpa game in Japan is Danganronpa: Trigger Happy Havoc , which sold a total of 258,250 units on the PlayStation Portable . In Europe and
10005-567: The art style and character designs, which they felt helped to easily tell apart characters and enjoy their interactions with leads. A major praise in regards to the narrative are the twists revealed through class trial like Nagito Komaeda's true character in Goodbye Despair or Kaede Akamatsu's last action in Killing Harmony . This also led to articles focused on the game's strongest characters based on intelligence or major role in
10150-431: The case. The spin-offs Danganronpa Another Episode: Ultra Despair Girls and Danganronpa: Unlimited Battle use different types of gameplay. The former is a third-person shooter in which the protagonist, Komaru Naegi , uses a megaphone to issue commands at most of the electronic objects in-game, including Monokuma Robots and switches. Unlimited Battle is an action game where players use touchscreen controls to fling
10295-406: The company and the game went into production, becoming Danganronpa . The word "Danganronpa" originated from character designer Rui Komatsuzaki which was first written in kanji but it was later taken to katakana for the logo. Kodaka cites David Lynch as a major inspiration when making the games. He stated "As opposed to being about death, these are games about playing for your life, since killing
10440-578: The effect of changing Japanese into a mora-timed language. Late Middle Japanese covers the years from 1185 to 1600, and is normally divided into two sections, roughly equivalent to the Kamakura period and the Muromachi period , respectively. The later forms of Late Middle Japanese are the first to be described by non-native sources, in this case the Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries; and thus there
10585-454: The events of "The Tragedy", following an anterograde amnesiac protagonist, Ryoko Otonashi , while detective Kyoko Kirigiri searches for its perpetrator, the mysterious Izuru Kamukura . The light novel series Danganronpa: Kirigiri , which takes place before the events of the first game, follows a young Kyoko Kirigiri and her assistant Yui Samidare over the course of several years as they set out to become private detectives, rising through
10730-489: The first Blu-ray/DVD volume of the anime released on 28 August 2013. The ending theme is "Zetsubōsei: Hero Chiryōyaku" ( 絶望性：ヒーロー治療薬 , Despairity: A Hero's Treatment ) by Susumu feat. Soraru, the single of which was released on 4 September 2013. There have also been drama CDs, as well as bonus soundtracks included with limited-edition releases of the games. Monokuma appears in some downloadable content for Spike Chunsoft's role-playing game, Conception II: Children of
10875-490: The first game suffers the latter theme when being forced to kill each other in Monokuma's battle royale. Kodaka stated that the games were intended "to portray the disparity faced when someone has killed another person while at the same time portraying the hope of one day achieving salvation." Although the game shares traits with Koushun Takami 's 1999 novel Battle Royale , Kodaka aimed to provide different ideas when writing
11020-478: The first game, titled Cyber Danganronpa VR: The Class Trial , was released for PlayStation Plus users in Japan for the PlayStation VR on 13 October 2016. A crossover prequel with Otogirisō to the first game, titled Kirigiri Sou , was released for PC users in Japan on 25 November 2016. In 2017, Spike Chunsoft started hiring staff for a new Danganronpa game. In July 2020, it was announced that
11165-455: The flow of loanwords from European languages increased significantly, and words from English roots have proliferated. Japanese is an agglutinative , mora -timed language with relatively simple phonotactics , a pure vowel system, phonemic vowel and consonant length, and a lexically significant pitch-accent . Word order is normally subject–object–verb with particles marking the grammatical function of words, and sentence structure
11310-686: The following 24 hours, the Ultimate Despair group will "end the world." The second volume also focuses on a younger Byakuya and the Imposter as they compete against fifteen of their siblings in the Togami family competition for the position of Togami heir, which quickly devolves into a killing game. The manga series Danganronpa Gaiden: Killer Killer , which takes place between the events of the first two games, follows rookie and veteran Future Foundation agents Misaki Asano and Takumi Hijirihara ,
11455-581: The franchise's publishing rights outside of Japan will be transferred from NIS America to Spike Chunsoft. As part of the 10th anniversary celebration, enhanced ports of Danganronpa: Trigger Happy Havoc and Danganronpa 2: Goodbye Despair , titled Danganronpa: Trigger Happy Havoc Anniversary Edition and Danganronpa 2: Goodbye Despair Anniversary Edition respectively , were released on smartphone on November 25, followed by Nintendo Switch in December 2021. Danganronpa: Trigger Happy Havoc Anniversary Edition
11600-666: The game and the anime have also been published. A mini light novel written by Ryohgo Narita , titled Danganronpa IF: The Button of Hope and the Tragic Warriors of Despair ( ダンガンロンパIF 希望の脱出装置と絶望の残念無双 , Danganronpa IF: Kibō no Dasshutsusōchi to Zetsubō no Zan'nen Musō ) , is unlockable in Danganronpa 2: Goodbye Despair after clearing the game once. The story takes place in an alternate universe where Makoto manages to find an alleged escape switch. The prequel, Danganronpa Zero , takes place in Hope's Peak Academy shortly before
11745-466: The game were created to appeal to older gamers. In 2014, The 19th Animation Kobe committee chose Seiji Kishi to receive their Individual Award for the stretch of his career including Danganronpa: The Animation , Arpeggio of Blue Steel , and Hamatora . GamesRadar writer Kenneth Shepard acclaimed the End of Hope's Peak Academy series, stating that despite the franchise changing media from games,
11890-431: The game's release, the company released various promotional material, including a playable demo and trailers, which depicted a different victim from the final game. Two smartphone applications, Danganronpa: Monokuma no Gyakushū ( ダンガンロンパ モノクマの逆襲 , lit. Danganronpa: Monokuma Strikes Back ) and Alter Ego ( アルターエゴ , Arutāego ) , were released for Android devices on 27 April 2012 and iOS devices on 23 May 2012. After
12035-535: The game's title was chosen to differentiate it from the anime. Terasawa and Kodaka described the game's production level as being much higher than that of previous games in the series. With Killing Harmony completed, Kodaka claimed that he would take a break from the franchise in a similar fashion to the Back to the Future film series , which consists of three installments. A free virtual reality technical demo based on
12180-417: The game. Kodaka claims that games would understand the ideals of lies when presented with the culprits. He was inspired by a mafia-like game where the answers are not provided to the player, and thus wanted Danganronpa to go through this style in terms of writing. This mostly manifested in the new gameplay elements in Killing Harmony as the player can enter hidden routes throughout the class trial by lying at
12325-609: The genitive particle ga remains in intentionally archaic speech. Early Middle Japanese is the Japanese of the Heian period , from 794 to 1185. It formed the basis for the literary standard of Classical Japanese , which remained in common use until the early 20th century. During this time, Japanese underwent numerous phonological developments, in many cases instigated by an influx of Chinese loanwords . These included phonemic length distinction for both consonants and vowels , palatal consonants (e.g. kya ) and labial consonant clusters (e.g. kwa ), and closed syllables . This had
12470-430: The language, affecting the phonology of Early Middle Japanese . Late Middle Japanese (1185–1600) saw extensive grammatical changes and the first appearance of European loanwords . The basis of the standard dialect moved from the Kansai region to the Edo region (modern Tokyo ) in the Early Modern Japanese period (early 17th century–mid 19th century). Following the end of Japan's self-imposed isolation in 1853,
12615-458: The languages of the original Jōmon inhabitants, including the ancestor of the modern Ainu language . Because writing had yet to be introduced from China, there is no direct evidence, and anything that can be discerned about this period must be based on internal reconstruction from Old Japanese , or comparison with the Ryukyuan languages and Japanese dialects . The Chinese writing system
12760-449: The languages. Okinawan Japanese is a variant of Standard Japanese influenced by the Ryūkyūan languages, and is the primary dialect spoken among young people in the Ryukyu Islands . Modern Japanese has become prevalent nationwide (including the Ryūkyū islands) due to education , mass media , and an increase in mobility within Japan, as well as economic integration. Japanese is a member of
12905-427: The large quantity of English loanwords, modern Japanese has developed a distinction between [tɕi] and [ti] , and [dʑi] and [di] , with the latter in each pair only found in loanwords. Although Japanese is spoken almost exclusively in Japan, it has also been spoken outside of the country. Before and during World War II , through Japanese annexation of Taiwan and Korea , as well as partial occupation of China ,
13050-539: The latter of whom leads a secret parallel life as a vigilante serial killer obsessed with Mukuro Ikusaba , who only kills other murderers. A short story booklet titled Danganronpa: Makoto Naegi Secret File – The Worst Day Ever ( ダンガンロンパ Makoto Naegi Secret File 苗木誠、人生最悪の日 , Naegi Makoto, Jinsei Saiaku no Hi ) , written by Kazutaka Kodaka, was included with special editions of the first Japanese Blu-ray and DVD release of Danganronpa: The Animation , serving as an origin story relating how Makoto came to be selected as
13195-414: The making of the first Danganronpa game, there were no plans for a sequel. However, the team split up into different groups to make other projects. Initially reluctant, Kodaka was attracted by the idea of creating the novels Danganronpa Zero . Terasawa approached Kodaka with the idea of a sequel in a few months. Kodaka wrote both Zero and Goodbye Despair at the same time. In retrospect, Kodaka considers
13340-469: The most challenging to find due to the portrayal of her psychopathic personality Genocide Jill/Jack; ultimately, voice actresses Amanda Céline Miller and Erin Fitzgerald (who also voiced Junko Enoshima) were chosen to voice the characters. Hajime Hinata ( 日向 創 , Hinata Hajime ) / Izuru Kamukura ( 神座 出流 , Kamukura Izuru ) The protagonist of the second game, an amnesiac boy with
13485-406: The narrative and the setting. Analyzing these themes further, Ogata said Danganronpa often touches on the conflicting elements of despair and hope. The characters experience despair while they are trapped in the school and Makoto provides more emotional support to the cast across the story, giving the actress a far more optimistic message that the students are going to survive. In Goodbye Despair
13630-415: The narrative was appropriate for the television series. He added that he felt that the anime managed to bring closure to Makoto's story arc and felt his story easy for newcomers rather than just returning players. The finale of the series' Hope Arc earned positive reception for how it handled the respective finales of Makoto's and Hajime's/Izuru's journeys, despite lacking the appeal the original games had in
13775-402: The next level with the personalities and let's go for it." Ultimately, despite the talent of "Ultimate Murderous Fiend", Toko does not kill any characters in the first game, and the game's mastermind is presented as deceased "Ultimate Fashionista " Junko Enoshima . In a subsequent interview with Siliconera , Kodaka stated: "[Toko Fukawa] is an excellent representation of the series. When I
13920-504: The novels as needing more structuring work when comparing it with the game. He wrote elements he was doubtful from the first game into the novel as well as more hints towards Goodbye Despair . As a result, Kodaka recommends gamers first read Zero before playing the sequel. A sequel, Danganronpa 2: Goodbye Despair , was released for PSP in Japan on 26 July 2012, featuring various gameplay additions. On 10 October 2013, Spike Chunsoft released Danganronpa 1・2 Reload ( ダンガンロンパ1・2 Reload ) ,
14065-425: The only strict rule of word order is that the verb must be placed at the end of a sentence (possibly followed by sentence-end particles). This is because Japanese sentence elements are marked with particles that identify their grammatical functions. The basic sentence structure is topic–comment . For example, Kochira wa Tanaka-san desu ( こちらは田中さんです ). kochira ("this") is the topic of the sentence, indicated by
14210-696: The only way to return home is by killing another person and avoiding being found guilty during the class trials. The video games's narratives are connected by related media, expanding the story between titles. The first game was ported to iOS and Android in August 2012, with new features such as retina display support, touch screen controls, and a new image gallery. Two smartphone games, Danganronpa: Monokuma no Gyakushū ( ダンガンロンパ モノクマの逆襲 , lit. Danganronpa: Monokuma Strikes Back ) and Alter Ego ( アルターエゴ , Arutāego ) , were released for Android devices on April 27, 2012, and iOS devices on May 23, 2012. Following
14355-468: The opportunity to do something like it does not come up often. Initially, an anime adaptation of Danganronpa 2 had been planned, but in the end the development staff opted for making an anime that takes place after Danganronpa 2 instead, as Kodaka felt that the Danganronpa 2 characters' story had ended within that game and that he could not write another about what happened to them afterward very easily. While class trials had originally been considered, it
14500-470: The out-group gives a benefit to the in-group, and "up" to indicate the in-group gives a benefit to the out-group. Here, the in-group includes the speaker and the out-group does not, and their boundary depends on context. For example, oshiete moratta ( 教えてもらった ) (literally, "explaining got" with a benefit from the out-group to the in-group) means "[he/she/they] explained [it] to [me/us]". Similarly, oshiete ageta ( 教えてあげた ) (literally, "explaining gave" with
14645-415: The particle wa . The verb desu is a copula , commonly translated as "to be" or "it is" (though there are other verbs that can be translated as "to be"), though technically it holds no meaning and is used to give a sentence 'politeness'. As a phrase, Tanaka-san desu is the comment. This sentence literally translates to "As for this person, (it) is Mx Tanaka." Thus Japanese, like many other Asian languages,
14790-510: The plot and gameplay but also the "zany, multifaceted characters" who are both expressive and distinctive. The tension provoked by the trials was said to be the most important part of the gameplay,, as the player feels confused about what character could have been the murderer of a case. Hardcore Gamer said the game has an "uncanny ability to leave its players slack-jawed at the sights of the unraveling plot points." Destructoid praised its art style and well thought out story. The media focused on
14935-481: The proposed larger Altaic family, or to various Southeast Asian languages , especially Austronesian . None of these proposals have gained wide acceptance (and the Altaic family itself is now considered controversial). As it stands, only the link to Ryukyuan has wide support. Other theories view the Japanese language as an early creole language formed through inputs from at least two distinct language groups, or as
15080-540: The ranks of the Detective Shelf Collection ( 探偵図書館 , Tantei Toshokan ) . Kirigiri Sou , which takes place before the first game and after the events of the light novel series Danganronpa: Kirigiri , follows college student Kouhei Matsudaira and Kyoko Kirigiri, as both of them investigate a mysterious mansion ruled by the influence of a plant hybrid doppelgänger of Kyoko (known as Kyoka) created by Santa Shikiba and her "siblings",
15225-459: The same structure as affirmative sentences, but with intonation rising at the end. In the formal register, the question particle -ka is added. For example, ii desu ( いいです ) "It is OK" becomes ii desu-ka ( いいですか。 ) "Is it OK?". In a more informal tone sometimes the particle -no ( の ) is added instead to show a personal interest of the speaker: Dōshite konai-no? "Why aren't (you) coming?". Some simple queries are formed simply by mentioning
15370-401: The scenario was written." —Yoshinori Terasawa While at Spike, Kodaka proposed an idea to the company that was known as Distrust . The concept was similar to that of Danganronpa , a battle royale style death game in a closed environment between high school students, but the idea was too gruesome and was consequently scrapped. After tweaking the concept, Kodaka successfully pitched it to
15515-490: The school grounds, converse with characters, and progress the story. During designated "Free Time" sections, players can interact with a character of their choice, learning more about them through intimacy events and earning new skills that can help them in the Class Trial. Deadly Life is the post-murder investigation part of the story, in which players search for clues and gather evidence for the Class Trial. The Class Trial
15660-402: The script. Originally, the idea was to use adults as protagonists but he instead found high school characters as more suitable leads due to their immaturity through the usage of character development and how would they react to a killing game. Voice actress Megumi Ogata who voices Makoto Naegi also commented on these themes; Ogata felt Makoto embodies the philosophy of hope as he brings this to
15805-553: The series as it aired and released it on Blu-ray /DVD in North America on 10 November 2015, while Manga Entertainment released the series in the UK on 9 November 2015. The anime is licensed by Muse Communication in Southeast Asia and aired on Animax Asia in Japanese audio with English subtitles. A second anime series, titled Danganronpa 3: The End of Hope's Peak High School , aired between July and September 2016. The series
15950-594: The series' characters, tone, and atmosphere. Rui Komatsuzaki 's character designs became popular for cosplay. Kodaka's work also inspired staff members from the studio Pierrot in the making of an anime titled Akudama Drive . By 2021, the Danganronpa series reached 5 million copies sold worldwide. The series revolves around an elite high school, Hope's Peak Academy ( 希望ヶ峰学園 , Kibōgamine Gakuen , lit. Kibogamine Academy ) , which, every year, scouts "Ultimate" students ( 超高校級 , chō-kōkō-kyū , lit. Super High School Level) , talented high school students who are at
16095-559: The series, Danganronpa Another Episode: Ultra Despair Girls , which was released on Vita on 25 September 2014 and was released in North America and Europe in September 2015. A free-to-play spin-off game, Danganronpa: Unlimited Battle , was released for iOS in Japan on 7 January 2015. In March 2015, writer Kodaka Kazutaka revealed that Danganronpa 3 was in early development. The game was revealed in September 2015 as Danganronpa V3: Killing Harmony for PlayStation 4 and Vita, which
16240-406: The series. However, the trials have often received criticism for being easy to solve. The latest game, Killing Harmony , attracted divisive comments from fans due to its ending which involves the characters being aware of their fictional nature and the emotional catharisis they have suffered as a result of the series' popularity. The cast in general was well received with several of them often being
16385-410: The series. In regards to changes NIS America made, Spike Chunsoft was supportive of the ideas they provided. The producer and assistant producers were in direct contact with the original creators of the series, making the interaction between the team to be done quickly. Sonia Nevermind 's traits were altered due to how in the Japanese version she was using terms from the 1980s and 1990s in Japan. The team
16530-439: The speaker, the listener, and persons mentioned. The Japanese writing system combines Chinese characters , known as kanji ( 漢字 , ' Han characters') , with two unique syllabaries (or moraic scripts) derived by the Japanese from the more complex Chinese characters: hiragana ( ひらがな or 平仮名 , 'simple characters') and katakana ( カタカナ or 片仮名 , 'partial characters'). Latin script ( rōmaji ローマ字 )
16675-817: The state as at the time the constitution was written, many of the elders participating in the process had been educated in Japanese during the South Seas Mandate over the island shown by the 1958 census of the Trust Territory of the Pacific that found that 89% of Palauans born between 1914 and 1933 could speak and read Japanese, but as of the 2005 Palau census there were no residents of Angaur that spoke Japanese at home. Japanese dialects typically differ in terms of pitch accent , inflectional morphology , vocabulary , and particle usage. Some even differ in vowel and consonant inventories, although this
16820-512: The story of Danganronpa was inspired by the Sega Dreamcast game Illbleed , as he loved how "crazy" it was. The game was originally conceived as a basic visual novel but, as visual novels were growing less popular, new gameplay elements were added to make it stand out. Due to budget issues, some lines were not given voice acting which left voice actress Megumi Ogata with the desire to make some important lines in retrospective. She felt
16965-481: The street. (grammatically incorrect insertion of a pronoun) But one can grammatically say essentially the same thing in Japanese: 驚いた彼は道を走っていった。 Transliteration: Odoroita kare wa michi o hashitte itta. (grammatically correct) This is partly because these words evolved from regular nouns, such as kimi "you" ( 君 "lord"), anata "you" ( あなた "that side, yonder"), and boku "I" ( 僕 "servant"). This
17110-486: The students who were killed in the Neo World Program during the Killing School Trip, he leads them in battle to stop the unhinged Mitarai from using his hope video on humanity. Afterwards, the 77th Class scapegoats themselves for the Final Killing Game in order to protect the Future Foundation's reputation and exiles themselves to the real Jabberwock Island along with a repentant Mitarai. Izuru first appears in
17255-599: The subject of cosplay based on their distinctive designs, with multiple favoriting Junko Enoshima and series' mascot Monokuma . In November 2019, a Monokuma costume created controversy in Austin, Texas , after drag queen Erika Klash was denied entry to a Whataburger while dressed as the character, after performing in-character at the Austin International Drag Festival at the club Elysium for five years. Klash later received an apology from
17400-467: The team aimed the project to be as faithful and accessible to the Western gamers. Spike's single request to NIS America was keeping the Monokuma's names intact. Due to the premise involving mystery, NIS America was keeping clues and at the same making the Class Trials as challenging as the original ones from Japan. While the English cast did not cause difficulties, Toko Fukawa 's English voice actress
17545-444: The top of their field, along with one "Ultimate Lucky Student" who is chosen by lottery. The three games, Danganronpa: Trigger Happy Havoc (2010), Danganronpa 2: Goodbye Despair (2012), and Danganronpa V3: Killing Harmony (2017) have similar premises. Sixteen talented students who stand out in different fields are trapped by a bear-like machine, Monokuma . The cast is trapped for the rest of their lives in an establishment and
17690-551: The topic with an interrogative intonation to call for the hearer's attention: Kore wa? "(What about) this?"; O-namae wa? ( お名前は？ ) "(What's your) name?". Negatives are formed by inflecting the verb. For example, Pan o taberu ( パンを食べる。 ) "I will eat bread" or "I eat bread" becomes Pan o tabenai ( パンを食べない。 ) "I will not eat bread" or "I do not eat bread". Plain negative forms are i -adjectives (see below) and inflect as such, e.g. Pan o tabenakatta ( パンを食べなかった。 ) "I did not eat bread". Komaru Naegi The following
17835-419: The two consonants are the moraic nasal followed by a homorganic consonant. Japanese also includes a pitch accent , which is not represented in moraic writing; for example [haꜜ.ɕi] ("chopsticks") and [ha.ɕiꜜ] ("bridge") are both spelled はし ( hashi ) , and are only differentiated by the tone contour. Japanese word order is classified as subject–object–verb . Unlike many Indo-European languages ,
17980-577: The two methods were both used in writing until the 1940s. Bungo still has some relevance for historians, literary scholars, and lawyers (many Japanese laws that survived World War II are still written in bungo , although there are ongoing efforts to modernize their language). Kōgo is the dominant method of both speaking and writing Japanese today, although bungo grammar and vocabulary are occasionally used in modern Japanese for effect. The 1982 state constitution of Angaur , Palau , names Japanese along with Palauan and English as an official language of
18125-480: The two terms (''hyōjungo'' and ''kyōtsūgo'') are almost the same. Hyōjungo or kyōtsūgo is a conception that forms the counterpart of dialect. This normative language was born after the Meiji Restoration ( 明治維新 , meiji ishin , 1868) from the language spoken in the higher-class areas of Tokyo (see Yamanote ). Hyōjungo is taught in schools and used on television and in official communications. It
18270-453: The usage of antagonists. According to Kodaka, Ace Attorney ' s success in North America was due to how it distinguished itself from most visual novels with its gameplay mechanics, which Danganronpa later built upon and helped it also find success in North America. He further noted that the team behind the games were surprised by the popularity of the three games, claiming they were not expecting Danganronpa to become popular games. As
18415-407: The verb (e.g. yonde for earlier yomite ), the -k- in the final mora of adjectives drops out ( shiroi for earlier shiroki ); and some forms exist where modern standard Japanese has retained the earlier form (e.g. hayaku > hayau > hayɔɔ , where modern Japanese just has hayaku , though the alternative form is preserved in the standard greeting o-hayō gozaimasu "good morning"; this ending
18560-548: The world. Since Japanese first gained the consideration of linguists in the late 19th century, attempts have been made to show its genealogical relation to languages or language families such as Ainu , Korean , Chinese , Tibeto-Burman , Uralic , Altaic (or Ural-Altaic ), Austroasiatic , Austronesian and Dravidian . At the fringe, some linguists have even suggested a link to Indo-European languages , including Greek , or to Sumerian . Main modern theories try to link Japanese either to northern Asian languages, like Korean or
18705-418: Was also ported to Xbox One and Microsoft Store on January 17. These version contains a gallery where players can listen to character voices, as well as view character expressions, in-game illustrations, and character references. On Nintendo Switch, the publisher also released Anniversary Edition of Danganronpa V3: Killing Harmony , as well as Danganronpa S: Ultimate Summer Camp , a brand new exclusive game for
18850-539: Was based on 12- to 20-second-long recordings of 135 to 244 phonemes , which 42 students listened to and translated word-for-word. The listeners were all Keio University students who grew up in the Kanto region . There are some language islands in mountain villages or isolated islands such as Hachijō-jima island , whose dialects are descended from Eastern Old Japanese . Dialects of the Kansai region are spoken or known by many Japanese, and Osaka dialect in particular
18995-402: Was bundled with Danganronpa V3 in Japan on 12 January 2017. The original soundtracks for both the games and the anime are composed by Masafumi Takada . The soundtrack for Danganronpa: Trigger Happy Havoc was released in Japan by Sound Prestige Records on 14 February 2011, with the ending theme, "Saisei -rebuild-" ( 再生 -rebuild- , Playback -rebuild- ) , performed by Megumi Ogata , which
19140-401: Was concerned if her catchphrases should be kept intact for the Western version. Fuyuhiko was also challenging to dub as a result of his initial harsh personality. The casting was made with the help of Bang Zoom! . Similarly, Nagito Komaeda was difficult to dub as a result of his multi-faced personality. Since in the Japanese version both Makoto Naegi and Nagito were voiced by Megumi Ogata , in
19285-412: Was created by lead artist Rui Komatsuzaki, who considers Toko Fukawa and Genocide Jack/Jill his favorite characters, "a unique character all by herself, but with Genocide Jack included we managed to make her ten times more so." Originally designed as a potential mastermind inspired by the character of Alyssa Hale / Mr. Bates from the 1998 video game Clock Tower II: The Struggle Within , Genocide Jack/Jill
19430-411: Was designed with the most facial expressions in the first game, having a separate sprite file from her Toko form. This initially proved difficult in order to make a contrast between the personality of Genocide Jack/Jill and the more plain design of Toko, with Komatsuzaki having "thought it would be incredibly tough to make such a severe personality change using the same character design, so my original plan
19575-735: Was imported to Japan from Baekje around the start of the fifth century, alongside Buddhism. The earliest texts were written in Classical Chinese , although some of these were likely intended to be read as Japanese using the kanbun method, and show influences of Japanese grammar such as Japanese word order. The earliest text, the Kojiki , dates to the early eighth century, and was written entirely in Chinese characters, which are used to represent, at different times, Chinese, kanbun , and Old Japanese. As in other texts from this period,
19720-417: Was later released in 2017. A Steam port of Danganronpa V3: Killing Harmony was also in 2017. The game was developed at the same time as the production of the anime series Danganronpa 3: The End of Hope's Peak High School , which Terasawa and Kodaka described as being difficult; they still try to develop both projects without making any compromises, as such an opportunity does not arise often. The "V3" in
19865-474: Was lost immediately following its composition.) This set of morae shrank to 67 in Early Middle Japanese , though some were added through Chinese influence. Man'yōgana also has a symbol for /je/ , which merges with /e/ before the end of the period. Several fossilizations of Old Japanese grammatical elements remain in the modern language – the genitive particle tsu (superseded by modern no )
20010-497: Was released for the PlayStation Portable in 2010. The original scenario was written by Kodaka, who aimed to create a twisted adventure game. The original concept was rejected for being too gruesome, but it was later approved after retooling. The series has morphed into a franchise that includes manga, anime, and novels. The franchise became one of Spike's most successful works since they previously outsourced their works. The series received many positive reviews from critics, praising
20155-455: Was released in North America on 11 February 2014, and in Europe and Australia on 14 February 2014. The Vita version of the second game, titled Danganronpa 2: Goodbye Despair , was released in North America and Europe in September 2014. Both games were later ported to Steam in 2015 and were released for PlayStation 4 in 2017. On 9 September 2013, Spike Chunsoft announced a spin-off title of
20300-518: Was released on October 25, 2016, by Kadokawa Shoten . In December 2012, Kadokawa Shoten 's Newtype magazine announced that there would be an anime television series adaptation of the first game, titled Danganronpa: The Animation , produced by Lerche and directed by Seiji Kishi . The series aired between 4 July 2013 and 26 September 2013 on MBS ' Anime-ism programming block. The final Blu-ray/DVD volume, released on 26 February 2014, features an extended final episode. Funimation simulcast
20445-412: Was the most challenging to find as the character has a speech impediment. Monokuma was kept intact to make him look funny and at the same time threatening, something the team enjoyed. Goodbye Despair was more challenging to localize than the original game due to how much longer the narrative is. The original team tried to work together again on the project to keep themselves familiar with the concepts of
20590-479: Was thought that it would have been too painful for the characters to sit through another one, which was what led to the decision to make the conclusion into an anime. The series was licensed for simulcasting by Funimation. Despite episodes alternating between the Future and Despair arcs when it originally aired, Funimation groups the episodes by arc on its streaming service. An original video animation titled Super Danganronpa 2.5: Komaeda Nagito to Sekai no Hakaisha ,
20735-418: Was to base Genocide Jack on Toko's design but change it considerably. I fell back to the current transformation after being told having them look too different would be messy since she transforms back and forth so often." Elements of the original character designs were additionally incorporated into those of Junko Enoshima , Peko Pekoyama , and Tsumugi Shirogane . Toko's English voice actresses were cited as
20880-667: Was used as a proxy for Junko Enoshima in her trials; in Another Episode , he is a series of different types of robots created by Monaca Towa for an army; in Danganronpa 3 , recordings of him are set up by Kazuo Tengan to force Ryota Mitarai into brainwashing the entire world for the sake of hope. He is the only returning character in Danganronpa V3 as a part of the Ultimate Academy for Gifted Juveniles, now controlled by Team Danganronpa and accompanied by
21025-418: Was writing the first game and figuring out what was going to happen to Junko , I started to write Genocide Jack and how different that character was from Toko. While I was writing this I felt this is the kind of tension and tempo I want the series to carry. At the end of the day, I felt Toko represented what Danganronpa was and the kind of storytelling might have." — Kazutaka Kodaka The character's design
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