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101-517: Automotive manufacturer Volkswagen Group has produced diesel engines since the 1970s. Engines that are currently produced are listed in the article below, while engines no longer in production are listed in the List of discontinued Volkswagen Group diesel engines article. The EA288 engine family is based on the EA189 engine family. EA288 diesel shares displacement, bore pitch, stroke and bore ratio with

202-458: A liftback design similar to Volkswagen Passats from the era.The mainstay of the range remained the four-door sedan model. A two-door sedan version was offered, primarily on the domestic market, from February 1977, but by now there was little demand for large two-door sedans and thus only a few of these two-door Audi 100 C2s were sold. At the top of the line, the Audi 200 made its appearance at

303-431: A $ 2.8 billion criminal fine for rigging diesel-powered vehicles to cheat on government emissions tests". The "unprecedented" plea deal formalized a punishment that Volkswagen AG agreed to earlier in 2017. In addition, the plea deal includes a $ 1.5 billion settlement for various environmental, customs and financial violations. Overall, Volkswagen will pay more than $ 30 billion in penalties and lawsuit settlements related to

404-713: A 2.5 L straight-five direct injection turbo-diesel (TDI) model with 120 PS (88 kW) introduced in January 1990 (engine code 1T). This was the first model to wear the TDI label. It had a brief career in the C3, being replaced in December of that year when the C4 arrived. The Audi V8 used an enlarged version of the bodyshell from the Audi 100/200 C3 but received more luxury features and

505-586: A 51% controlling stake in SEAT, making it the first non-German subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group. On 23 December the same year, it became the Spanish company's major shareholder by increasing its share up to 75%. In 1990—after purchasing its entire equity—Volkswagen AG took over the full ownership of SEAT, making the company a wholly owned subsidiary, and on 28 March 1991, another step to the expansion of

606-527: A 90.1% stake in the Italian automotive design house Italdesign Giugiaro . In less than three months, the transaction had been completed making the Italian firm a member of the Volkswagen Group. Since 2013 the Volkswagen Group has held a 89.7% stake in Traton . In 2015 research showed a security flaw in the keyless ignition of Volkswagen and other carmakers' vehicles. Volkswagen spent two years trying to keep

707-517: A V8 engine. During model years 1983–1987, Audi's U.S. sales fell after several recalls of Audi 5000 models, which were associated with reported incidents of sudden unintended acceleration linked to six deaths and 700 accidents. At the time, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) was investigating 50 car models from 20 manufacturers for sudden surges of power. In North America,

808-578: A corporate "Strategy 2025" that focuses on electrification of its portfolio. The VW Group developed the Volkswagen Group MEB platform chassis that will be utilized in a range of various cars and light utility vehicles across several VW Group marques due to its flexibility and floor-mounted battery. As of May 2018, the VW Group has committed $ 48 billion in car battery supplies and plans to outfit 16 factories to build electric cars by

909-405: A diesel particulate filter is present on the Audi in question but the vehicle was produced just prior to (or during) the legislation process regarding DPFs. The abbreviation 'DPF' was not yet officially in existence so Audi used the 'TDV' letters to identify the diesel particulate filter. This Pumpe Düse (PD) TDI engine was introduced to replace the older higher-powered versions of the 1.9 TDI . It

1010-634: A drop in Chinese sales. On 18 September 2015, the US EPA announced that Volkswagen had installed a "defeat device" software code in the diesel models sold in the US from 2009 to 2015. The code was intended to detect when an emissions test was being conducted, and altered emissions controls for better compliance. Off the test stand, the controls were relaxed, and emissions jumped 35 to 40 times regulatory levels according to investigators at West Virginia University and

1111-560: A five-speed manual available by special order. The C2 was sold as the Audi 5E in Australia. It was part of a very restricted Audi lineup, being the only model on offer for several years. The only engine on offer was the carburetted 2144-cc inline-five with 85 kW (114 hp), coupled to a four-speed manual in the GL and to a three-speed automatic in the CD. In North America, where sales of

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1212-621: A five-speed manual, a handicap in the American market. It was not until the 1983 introduction of the turbo diesel that these concerns were met. The 50-state Turbo diesel arrived for the 1983 model year, at about the same time that the Audi 100 C3 was presented in Europe, and was only ever sold in the United States. In 1980 the 5000 Turbo arrived in the US. This model only delivered 130 hp (97 kW), more than twenty percent less than

1313-415: A modular close-coupled after treatment system that includes a flow-through catalyst followed by a wall-flow diesel particulate filter (DPF). Euro 6 and US Tier 2 emission compliance is achieved via NOx adsorber-based system for smaller size vehicles or urea-SCR system for larger vehicles. Other features included low-friction bearings for the camshaft and balancer shafts, piston rings that have less pre-tension,

1414-496: A motor-car … it is quite unattractive to the average buyer … To build the car commercially would be a completely uneconomic enterprise." In 1948, the Ford Motor Company of USA was offered Volkswagen, but Ernest Breech , a Ford executive vice president, said he did not think either the plant or the car was "worth a damn." Breech later said that he would have considered merging Ford of Germany and Volkswagen, but after

1515-616: A profit warning, saying it had set aside $ 7 billion to fix the fraud. On 23 September 2015, Martin Winterkorn announced his resignation from the CEO position after a crisis meeting of the company board. On 25 September 2015 Matthias Müller was named CEO. Müller was the head of the Porsche marque within the VW corporate umbrella. On 21 April 2017, a U.S. federal judge ordered Volkswagen "to pay

1616-436: A red 'I' on their TDI badge, e.g. 96 kW model Audi B6 A4. Because of this, the term 'red I' has entered into automotive technicians parlance) Origins: All 1968 ccm four cylinder engines are derived from the 2461 ccm 5 cylinder Audi- engine, VW just cut off one 492,1 ccm cylinder. Some models are fitted with a diesel particulate filter. According to Audi (UK) 'TDV' stands for Technology Development Vehicle. TDV denotes that

1717-642: A technology cooperation and joint development agreement on platform and software. Rooted in Europe, the Volkswagen Group operates in 153 countries. Volkswagen Passenger Cars is the Group's original marque, and the other major subsidiaries include passenger car marques such as Audi , Bentley , Lamborghini , Porsche , SEAT , and Škoda . Volkswagen AG also has operations in commercial vehicles , owning Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles , along with controlling stakes in truck, bus and diesel engine manufacturers Scania AB and MAN SE . The Volkswagen Group comprises

1818-424: A top speed of 113 mph (182 km/h) in the federalized car, slower than a naturally aspirated European market 2.1 E. In the US, reflecting the Audi's luxury connotations, 90 percent of 5000s were delivered with the costlier "S" equipment package. The 5000 Turbo diesel received an increase in power and torque, offset somewhat by only being available in conjunction with Audi's "3+E" automatic transmission. This

1919-497: A two-stage oil pump with volumetric flow control. The engine's displacements were 1.4 litres (3 cylinders), 1.6 litres (4 cylinders) and 2.0 litres (4 cylinders), with power output between 66 and 176 kW. The engine was to be first used in 2015 model years of Volkswagen Golf , Volkswagen Beetle , Volkswagen Passat , and Volkswagen Jetta . aspiration: turbocharger , intercooler , water-cooled exhaust gas recirculation All R3 1,422 cc three cylinder engines are derived from

2020-617: A year earlier with similar details such as the louvres behind the rear side windows and the shape of the rear light clusters. Audi followed the introduction of the four-door saloon in November 1968 with a two-door saloon in October 1969 and the 100 Coupé S in autumn 1970. The cars' 1.8 litre four cylinder engines originally came in base 100 (80 PS or 59 kW or 79 hp), 100 S (90 PS or 66 kW or 89 hp), and 100 LS (100 PS or 74 kW or 99 hp) versions, while

2121-501: Is similar in magnitude to an emergency stop in a subway car]. These accelerations could not be the sole cause of [(long-duration) sudden acceleration incidents (SAI)], but might have triggered some SAIs by startling the driver. The defective idle-stabilization system performed a type of electronic throttle control . Significantly: multiple "intermittent malfunctions of the electronic control unit were observed and recorded ... and [were also observed and] reported by Transport Canada." With

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2222-476: Is the first four-cylinder 16-valve double overhead camshaft (DOHC) Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) engine made by Volkswagen Group. The EA189 engine is the focus of the Volkswagen emissions scandal . This 2.5-litre inline five engine (R5), wholly designed and developed by Audi, was the first Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) diesel engine in 1989, initially used in the Audi 100 . This engine

2323-422: The 1.9 TDI VP37 Audi Ford SEAT Škoda Volkswagen Essentially, this ubiquitous engine has the same bottom end (cylinder block/crankcase, crankshaft) as the earlier 1.9 R4 TDI which uses a VP37 VerteilerPumpe distributor injection pump. However, a new cylinder head is fitted to this "PD" engine, to accommodate "Pumpe Düse" Unit Injectors . (VAG group indicate higher output models by

2424-516: The 5000 becoming the 100 and 200 in 1989. The company only reached the same level of U.S. sales again by model year 2000. As of early 2010, a class-action lawsuit – dealing with a charge that on account of the sudden acceleration controversy, Audi models had lost resale value  – filed in 1987 by about 7,500 Audi 5000-model owners remains unsettled and is currently contested in county court in Chicago after appeals at

2525-686: The Audi 500 . In 1993, the models were mildly restyled, and renamed the Audi A6 series in conjunction with a general new Audi naming scheme, until they were replaced by a new generation of A6, internally code-named C5, in 1997. The Audi 100's traditional competitors include the Mercedes Benz E-Class and BMW 5-Series . In addition to the C platform codes, Audi assigned type numbers to their models: The first Audi 100, developed by Auto Union (Volkswagen's subsidiary) in Ingolstadt ,

2626-732: The Audi Brand Group focused on more sporty values – consisted of Audi, SEAT and Lamborghini – and the Volkswagen Brand Group on the field of classic values – consisted of Volkswagen, Skoda, Bentley and Bugatti  – with each Brand Group's product vehicles and performance being respectively under the higher responsibility of Audi and Volkswagen brands. Volkswagen Group revealed on 24 October 2009 that it had made an offer to acquire long-time partner and German niche automotive manufacturer Wilhelm Karmann GmbH out of bankruptcy protection. In November 2009,

2727-484: The CBS television broadcast network 60 Minutes news program aired a report titled Out of Control on November 23, 1986. It featured interviews with six people who had sued Audi after reporting unintended acceleration, including footage of an Audi 5000 ostensibly displaying a surge of acceleration while the brake pedal was depressed. Subsequent investigation revealed that 60 Minutes had not disclosed they had engineered

2828-982: The Ducati name, light commercial vehicles under the Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles brand, and heavy commercial vehicles via the marques of the listed subsidiary Traton ( International Motors , MAN , Scania and Volkswagen Truck & Bus ). It is divided into two primary divisions : the Automotive Division and the Financial Services Division. As of 2008, it had about 342 subsidiary companies. Volkswagen also has three joint ventures in China, FAW-Volkswagen , SAIC Volkswagen and Volkswagen Anhui . The company has operations in roughly 150 countries, and it has 100 production facilities across 27 countries. Volkswagen

2929-472: The coupé was powered by a bored-out 1.9 litre developing 115 PS (85 kW; 113 hp). From April 1970 the 100 LS could be ordered with a three-speed automatic transmission sourced from Volkswagen . Although the Audi 100's engines were considered 'rough', critics stated that buyers whose first car had been a Beetle and aspired to upgrade to a contemporary diesel-powered Mercedes-Benz were unlikely to be discouraged. The Ingolstadt production line

3030-498: The overhead camshafts and ancillaries. Just like its 4.0 V8 TDI predecessor, this all-new 4.2 V8 TDI retains the mantle of the world's highest power output car with a diesel V8. This engine is manufactured at Győr , Hungary by AUDI AG subsidiary Audi Hungaria Motor Kft. A successor to the 4.2 TDI. The engine includes 2 turbochargers, 48-volt electrical system, 7 kW electric compressor , Bosch CRS 3.25 engine management. A turbocharger serves to supply engine boost and spools up

3131-465: The 19 cantons where this system was in use; why this was desired is unknown. Starting with the 1972 model year, the 80 and 90 PS versions were replaced by a new regular petrol variant of the 1.8 liter engine developing 85 PS (63 kW); at the same time, the 100 GL was introduced featuring the 1.9–liter engine formerly used only in the Coupé S. In March 1971, the 500,000th Audi was produced. By now

List of Volkswagen Group diesel engines - Misplaced Pages Continue

3232-480: The 1979 Frankfurt Show , with fuel injected five cylinder engines in either naturally aspirated or turbocharged forms. At the end of September 1977, the Audi 100 became the manufacturer's first model to reach a production level of 1,000,000 units. The millionth Audi 100 was a hatchback Audi 100 Avant assembled not at the company's main Ingolstadt plant but to the west, at the Neckarsulm factory which, since

3333-487: The 1992, B4 Audi 80 . The option of quattro permanent four-wheel drive was an option across the range, except the smallest engines. The Audi 100 quattro was available with a ZF four-speed automatic and a 5 speed manual gearbox. This generation was also available with the 2.5 litre, 5-cylinder TDI engine, introduced late in the C3 production, which provided outstanding performance, economy and refinement. During 1994, in conjunction with some styling revisions, Audi dropped

3434-432: The 2.2 L turbo 5-cylinder available in different markets over its life ranging in power outputs from 165 PS (121 kW) MC engine, through the 200 PS (147 kW) versions to the final 220 PS (162 kW) 20-valve 3B engine available from 1991. The 1983 Audi 200 Turbo had a top speed of 139 mph (224 km/h). The MC turbo engine was available in the 100 as well for some markets. In January 1988

3535-475: The Audi 100 Avant was now positioned as a station wagon rather than a hatchback - the Avant designation would be used for all Audi station wagons from that point forward. The Avant featured an available extra folding third row seat — not available in conjunction with ABS-brakes as the brake control unit sat in the same space. The 200, launched in 1983 continued as the upmarket variant with several versions of

3636-407: The Audi 100 had become the most commercially successful model in the company's history. In 1976 the two millionth Audi was built, of which the 100 represented 800,000 cars. In September 1973 (for the 1974 model year) the 100 received a facelift with a somewhat smaller squared-off grille, correspondingly more angular front fenders, and changed taillight lens patterns. The rear torsion beam suspension

3737-419: The Audi 100 received a minor facelift, including flush fitting door handles. The 1991 200 20V featured flared (vs. flat) front and rounded rear wheel arches to accommodate wider wheel and tire combinations to be fitted to 20V models. U.S. magazine articles of the period reported 0-60 times of the 20-valve Audi 200 under 7 seconds, with 1/4 mile times in the mid to upper 15 second mark. The Audi 100 also featured

3838-465: The Audi 5000 C2s reached 133,512, only five-cylinder engines were available. The 5000 had twin round headlamps for the first two model years, after which they were replaced by rectangular units. The diesel was originally not available in California, as Porsche-Audi of North America was unable to meet that state's strict emissions standards . The naturally aspirated diesel was also only available with

3939-495: The Audi 5000, due to a failure in the idle-stabilizer system (producing an initial acceleration of 0.3g), pedal misapplication resulting from panic, confusion, or unfamiliarity with the Audi 5000 contributed to the severity of the incident." This summary is consistent with the conclusions of NHTSA's most technical analysis at the time: "Audi idle-stabilization systems were prone to defects which resulted in excessive idle speeds and brief unanticipated accelerations of up to 0.3g [which

4040-484: The British Army Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME) took control of the bomb-shattered factory for use in repairing British Army vehicles, pending the expected disposal of the plant tooling and equipment as war reparations . However, no British car manufacturer was interested. A British report on the car said that "the vehicle does not meet the fundamental technical requirement of

4141-582: The British Government handed the company back over to the German state, and it was managed by former Opel chief Heinrich Nordhoff . Production of the Type 60 Volkswagen (re-designated Type 1 ) started slowly after the war due to the need to rebuild the plant and because of the lack of raw materials, but production grew rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s. The company began introducing new models based on

List of Volkswagen Group diesel engines - Misplaced Pages Continue

4242-575: The California Air Resources Board. About 482,000 vehicles are under the recall order, a potential $ 18 billion ($ 37,500 per violation) in fines are pending, and news accounts speculate a criminal indictment for the deception is certain. The VW Group CEO, Martin Winterkorn , said he was "deeply sorry" and ordered an external investigation. The software code was only revealed when the EPA refused to certify VW's 2016 models for sale in

4343-406: The EA189 and the new EA211 gasoline engines. It is a family of 3-cylinder and 4-cylinder diesel engines featuring modular diesel engine system (MDB (Modularer Diesel Motor Baukasten)), with dual-loop EGR system, with high pressure EGR and a cooled low-pressure EGR loops; variable valve train (VVT) with a camshaft adjuster, Bosch CRS 2-20 2000 bar common rail injection system, cylinder pressure control,

4444-576: The European spec model. Aside from meeting the strict US emissions, this model also had lower boost pressure to be able to run on the lower octane unleaded fuel available in America. While the Turbo also received a harder, sportier suspension, bigger aluminium wheels, and other performance upgrades, it was also only available with a three-speed automatic transmission. Road & Track were able to reach

4545-504: The GL and GLS have the larger 1871 cc engine producing 84 kW (114 PS; 113 hp). In the United States the Audi 100 appeared in 1970 in LS guise, with a 115 hp (86 kW) SAE 1.8 liter engine and with either two or four doors. For 1972 the engine was enlarged to 1.9 liters, but the SAE net claimed power was down to 91 hp (68 kW). A base and a GL model were added, as

4646-544: The Illinois state and U.S. federal levels. The NHTSA's findings have been "small solace for Audi in defense of product liability actions, as more and more successful cases used Audi's human factor design errors and failure to warn or recall as a basis for liability." The engine range comprised the following engines: More details under the discontinued VAG engines . Audi 100: Audi 200: Audi 5000/100/200 North America (all fuel injected and catalysed): The 5000 S/Turbo

4747-509: The R4 1,896 cc 4 cylinder engine, VW just cut off one 474.1 cc cylinder. (a related petrol engine) The following are all part of the EA827 engine series, with a cylinder spacing between centres of 88 mm (3.46 in). This is a naturally aspirated (non-turbo) indirect injection version of the 1.9 SDI VE37 This is a naturally aspirated (non-turbo) Suction Diesel Injection version of

4848-829: The Type 1, all with the same basic air-cooled, rear-engine, rear-drive platform. These included the Volkswagen Type 2 in 1950, the Volkswagen Karmann Ghia in 1955, the Volkswagen Type 3 in 1961, the Volkswagen Type 4 in 1968, and the Volkswagen Type 181 in 1969. In 1960, upon the flotation of part of the German federal government 's stake in the company on the German stock market, its name became Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft (usually abbreviated to Volkswagenwerk AG ). On 1 January 1965, Volkswagenwerk acquired Auto Union GmbH from its parent company Daimler-Benz . The new subsidiary went on to produce

4949-552: The US unless the corporation provided full disclosure. On Sunday, 20 September 2015, VW Group announced it was halting the sale of its four-cylinder diesel models in the US. The US EPA press release on its Notice of Violation, and the California Air Resources Board letter dated 18 September 2015 contain significant chronological detail of the agencies interaction with VW on the issue. On 22 September 2015, VW AG admitted that 11 million cars worldwide had been fitted with software intended to deceive emissions testing . The company issued

5050-756: The United States via American depositary receipts since 1988, currently on the OTC Marketplace . Volkswagen delisted from the London Stock Exchange in 2013. The government of Lower Saxony holds 12.7% of the company's shares, granting it, by law, 20% of the voting rights. Volkswagen (meaning 'People's car' in German) was founded in Berlin as the Gesellschaft zur Vorbereitung des Deutschen Volkswagens mbH ('Limited Liability Company for

5151-456: The United States. The RHD Audi 200 5E and 5T were introduced into the UK in 1979, only 500 were imported. The 5T (170 PS) was a higher spec Turbo version of the 5E (136 PS injection) and came with many optional extras as standard. The UK version of the 5T had opening quarter lights, electric door mirrors, a sunroof, cruise control and heated seats. All Type 43 200's came with automatic gearboxes, with

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5252-527: The Volkswagen Group are (as at the financial year ending March 3): Audi 100 In 1982, the third generation Audi 100 achieved a remarkably low (for its time) drag coefficient of 0.30, featuring flush greenhouse sides with unique sliding window mountings. The C2 and C3 models of the Audi 100 were marketed in North America as the Audi 5000 from 1978 to 1988, and in South Africa as

5353-547: The Volkswagen Type 1, and commonly called the Volkswagen Beetle . This vehicle was designed by Ferdinand Porsche 's consulting firm, and the company was backed by the support of Adolf Hitler . On 16 September 1938, Gezuvor was renamed Volkswagenwerk GmbH ('Volkswagen Factory GmbH'). Shortly after the factory at Fallersleben was completed World War II started, and the plant primarily manufactured

5454-460: The Volkswagen portfolio in 1998: Bentley , Lamborghini , and Bugatti . On 30 May 2000, after having gradually raised its equity share, Volkswagen AG took over the full ownership of Škoda Auto, making the company a wholly owned subsidiary. From 2002 up to 2007, the Volkswagen Group's automotive division was restructured so that two major Brand Groups with different profile would be formed,

5555-464: The boxy styling of its predecessor, and offering a much improved drag coefficient , 0.30 on base model. The aerodynamic C3 bodywork featured pin-mounted flush windows, offering a key reduction in aerodynamic drag . Altogether, the aerodynamic body increased the fuel efficiency and top speed versus other cars of similar engine size. The C3 introduced Audi's proprietary restraint system, marketed as procon-ten . Two-door models were no longer offered, and

5656-699: The demise of the mainstream volume models from the NSU range, had been concentrating on providing additional production capacity for the fast selling Audi range. The 100 C2 effectively became a de facto successor to the similarly sized NSU Ro80 which ceased production in 1977, and the NSU name gradually disappeared from the public consciousness - eventually being erased from the company name completely in 1985 when Audi NSU Auto Union AG renamed itself Audi AG. Engines available outside of North America included: About 850,000 Audi 100/200 C2s were built, of which 133,512 were sold in

5757-528: The end of 1972; by October 1976 33,000 units had been built in South Africa. The GL received a vinyl roof and "GL" lettering on the C-pillar. The LS was dropped for 1976, but returned for 1977 along with the new GLS saloon. The Coupé was discontinued. The LS and GLS were special versions of the L and GL, with silver paintjobs, automatic transmissions, and special red interiors. L and LS have a 1760 cc engine with 75 kW (102 PS; 101 hp) DIN, while

5858-688: The end of 2022. According to VW Group CEO Dr. Herbert Diess , the company will offer 25 electric models and 20 plug-in hybrids by 2020. Volkswagen Group came under pressure for cooperating with the Chinese government in the region of Xinjiang . In that same region, western-funded NGOs accused the Chinese government of having committed human rights abuses against the Uyghur minority group, which included mass surveillance , incarceration, and forced labor. After these accusations emerged, Volkswagen responded, "We do not assume any of our employees are forced laborers." Süddeutsche Zeitung claimed that Volkswagen

5959-533: The first post-war Audi models, the Audi F103 series, shortly afterwards. Another German manufacturer, NSU Motorenwerke AG , was merged into Auto Union on 26 August 1969, creating a new company, Audi NSU Auto Union AG (later renamed AUDI AG in 1985). From the late 1970s to 1992, the acronym V.A.G. was used by Volkswagen AG as a brand for group-wide activities, such as distribution and leasing. Contrary to popular belief, "V.A.G." had no official meaning, and

6060-503: The following vehicle manufacturers and their corresponding brands : Here are the brands operated under the Volkswagen Group: Other subsidiaries and shareholdings: The Group also owns five defunct marques which are managed through the companies Auto Union GmbH and NSU GmbH, both of which are 100% owned by AUDI AG: In November 2018 Volkswagen's market capitalization was valued at US$ 73.8 billion. The key trends for

6161-573: The group's activities was made through the signing of a joint-venture partnership agreement with Škoda automobilová a.s. of Czechoslovakia , accompanied with the acquisition of a 30% stake in the Czech car manufacturer on 16 April 1991. On 19 December 1994, the group began the acquisition of Škoda Auto by raising its share to 60.3%. Later, on 11 December 1995, it became the Czech company's largest and controlling shareholder by increasing its share up to 70%. Three prestige automotive marques were added to

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6262-576: The incidents were at fault, because they had depressed the accelerator pedal rather than the brake. Subsequently, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) concluded that the majority of unintended acceleration cases, including all the ones that prompted the 60 Minutes report, were caused mainly by factors such as confusion of pedals. CBS acknowledged the report and stressed its findings that "the problem could be aggravated by vehicle design,

6363-494: The last win for Audi in the world rally championship. The 200 Quattro became the last car Audi campaigned in rallying as a manufacturing team. Audi released the C4 in late 1990 in Continental Europe and during 1991 in other markets, including the right-hand drive British market. It was a rebodied and updated C3, keeping the chassis, suspension, and most powertrains. The most significant menchanical changes were

6464-484: The late 2000s is a publicly-traded family business owned by Porsche SE , which in turn is half-owned but fully controlled by the Austrian-German Porsche and Piëch family . The company also offers related services, including financing, leasing, and fleet management. In 2016, it was the world's largest automaker by sales, and keeping this title in 2017, 2018, and 2019, selling 10.9 million vehicles and

6565-426: The latter became its bestseller. Volkswagen acquired a controlling stake in SEAT in 1986, making it the first non-German marque of the company, and acquired control of Škoda in 1994, of Bentley, Lamborghini, and Bugatti in 1998, Scania in 2008 and of Ducati, MAN, and Porsche in 2012. The company's operations in China have grown rapidly in the past decade, with the country becoming its largest market. In 2015, Volkswagen

6666-609: The military Kübelwagen (Porsche Type 82) and the related amphibious Schwimmwagen (Type 166), both of which were derived from the Volkswagen. Only a small number of Type 60 Volkswagens were made during this time. The Fallersleben plant also manufactured the V-1 flying bomb , making the plant a major bombing target for the Allied forces. Slave labour was utilised in the Volkswagen plant, e.g. from Arbeitsdorf concentration camp. The company would admit in 1998 that it used 15,000 slaves during

6767-406: The new V6 engines and a wider track, increased by 4–5 cm (1.6–2.0 in) front and rear. The C3-platform Audi V8 continued to be sold as a separate line. The major change for the C4 was the introduction of a 2.8 L, 90-degree, SOHC 12v, V6 engine . It was later joined by a 2.6 L variant, of the same configuration as the 2.8 L unit. They are essentially the same engines offered in

6868-447: The passive turbocharger. 310 kW (421 PS; 416 bhp) at 3,500-5,000 rpm; 850 N⋅m (627 lbf⋅ft) at 1,000-3,250 rpm, Porsche Panamera II 4S Diesel (2016–2018) 320 kW (435 PS; 429 bhp) at 3,750-5,000 rpm; 900 N⋅m (664 lbf⋅ft) at 1,000-3,250 rpm, Audi SQ7 (2016–2020), Audi SQ8 (2019–2020), Audi A8 D5 (2013–2017), Bentley Bentayga (2017–2020), Volkswagen Touareg (2018–2021) The engine

6969-754: The preparation of the German People's Car', abbreviated to Gezuvor ) by the National Socialist Deutsche Arbeitsfront (German Labour Front) and incorporated in the Stadt des KdF-Wagens bei Fallersleben, ( " City of the Strength Through Joy car at Fallersleben ) on 28 May 1937. The purpose of the company was to manufacture the Volkswagen car, originally referred to as the Porsche Type 60, then

7070-477: The purchase of 19.9% of Suzuki Motor Corporation 's issued shares on 15 January 2010. Suzuki invested part of the amount received from Volkswagen into 1.49% percent of Volkswagen. In 2011, Suzuki filed a lawsuit at an arbitration court in London requesting that Volkswagen return the 19.9% stake. On 25 May 2010, it was announced that Volkswagen Group, through its subsidiary Lamborghini Holding S.p.A., had acquired

7171-406: The recall campaigns, vehicles now include gear shift patterns and brake interlock mechanisms to prevent deliberate gear selection. Audi's U.S. sales, which had reached 74,061 in 1985, dropped to 12,283 in 1991 and remained level for three years, with resale values falling dramatically. Audi subsequently offered increased warranty protection and renamed the affected models – with

7272-566: The remaining half of Porsche shares for 4.46 billion euros (US$ 5.58 billion) on 1 August 2012 to avoid taxes of as much as 1.5 billion euros, which would have to be paid if the wrap up happened after 31 July 2014. Volkswagen AG purchased the remaining stake in Porsche AG equaling 100% of the shares in Porsche Zwischenholding GmbH, effectively becoming its parent company as of 1 August 2012. Volkswagen AG completed

7373-539: The research from the public domain. On 3 August 2015, Nokia announced that it had reached a deal to sell its Here digital maps division to a consortium of three German automakers— BMW , Daimler AG , and Volkswagen Group, for €2.8 billion. This was seen as an indication that the automakers were interested in automated cars. Volkswagen held a 19.9% non-controlling shareholding in Suzuki between 2009 and 2015. An international arbitration court ordered Volkswagen to sell

7474-507: The scandal. In its own financial report for 2023 Volkswagen Group estimated its long, medium and short term debt at 155,6 Billion Euros. It is unclear how Volkswagen group plans to pay off that massive debt considering its falling global vehicle deliveries, planned closure of at least 3 factories in Germany after it previously closed 2 factories in Russia as well as 64% drop in profit for

7575-410: The series of recall campaigns, Audi made several modifications; the first adjusted the distance between the brake and accelerator pedal on automatic-transmission models. Later repairs of 250,000 cars dating back to 1978 added a device requiring the driver to press the brake pedal before shifting out of park. It is unclear what was done regarding the defects in the idle-stabilization system. Subsequent to

7676-433: The shape, location and feel of gas and brake pedals." Audi's research demonstrated that many of the drivers who encountered "unintended acceleration" were "below average in height", indicating their knowledge of a relationship between design and the incidents. In a review study published in 2012, NHTSA summarized its past findings about the Audi unintended acceleration problems: "Once an unintended acceleration had begun, in

7777-551: The similar IMSA GTO class from 1980 until 1991. Audi also used the 200 Turbo Quattro 20v as their Group A rally car replacement for the aging Audi Quattro after the FIA elimination of Group B in 1986. The 1987 Group A 200 was driven by former World Rally Champions drivers Hannu Mikkola and Walter Röhrl. The Audi 200 became the first four-wheel-drive car to win the Safari Rally , with Hannu Mikkola driving, with it being

7878-823: The stake back to Suzuki. On 17 September 2015, Suzuki paid $ 3.8bn to complete the stock buy-back just hours prior to a major scandal about emissions violations engulfing Volkswagen. Suzuki had wished to buy Fiat diesel engines. In 2021, Volkswagen sold their 55% stake in Bugatti to Rimac Group while transferring the remaining 45% to Porsche AG , forming a joint venture company called Bugatti Rimac . In early 2024, Volkswagen Group began looking for partners among international technology corporations to create AI labs, new digital prototypes of products and functions using artificial intelligence. In October 2024, Volkswagen plans to close at least three plants in Germany and cut jobs, facing challenges from delayed EV investments and

7979-454: The supervisory board of Volkswagen AG approved the acquisition of assets of Karmann, and planned to restart vehicle production at their Osnabrück plant in 2012. In December 2009, Volkswagen AG bought a 49.9% stake in Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG (more commonly known as Porsche AG) in a first step towards an 'integrated automotive group' with Porsche. The merger of Volkswagen AG and Porsche SE

8080-863: The three months to the end of September 2024. Latest setback for Volkswagen came on November 21, 2024 when Swedish battery producer Northvolt filed for bankruptcy, Volkswagen previously invested 1,4 Billion Euros in their failed business. On November 27, 2024 Volkswagen announced sale of it's Xinijang factory in China partly because "demand for combustion engine vehicles is going down". Former member of Croatian parliament Ivan Pernar warned that due to overall financial situation Volkswagen might go bankrupt just as "too big to fail" heavily indebted Evergrande Group . He also questioned how will EU tariffs on Chinese cars save Volkswagen when 50% of its sales are in China itself and not in EU, as well as its manangment decision to exit Russian market. In 2016, Volkswagen Group announced

8181-419: The vehicle's behavior – fitting a canister of compressed air on the passenger-side floor, to pump fluid via a hose to a hole drilled into the transmission  – the arrangement executed by one of the experts who had testified on behalf of a plaintiff in a then-pending lawsuit against Audi's parent company. Audi initially responded by suggesting that the drivers of the cars involved in

8282-476: The war effort. German historians estimated that 80% of Volkswagen's wartime workforce was slave labour. Many of the slaves were reported to have been supplied from the concentration camps upon request from plant managers. A lawsuit was filed in 1998 by survivors for restitution for the forced labour. Volkswagen would set up a voluntary restitution fund. After the war in Europe, in June 1945, Major Ivan Hirst of

8383-522: The war, ownership of the company was in such dispute that nobody could possibly hope to be able to take it over. As part of the Industrial plans for Germany , large parts of German industry, including Volkswagen, were to be dismantled. Total German car production was set at a maximum of 10% of the 1936 car production numbers. The company survived by producing cars for the British Army, and in 1948

8484-514: Was a three-speed automatic in which the "E" mode engaged a freewheel effect, lowering fuel consumption by 3-5 percent. The Turbo diesel received the same body and interior specifications as the gasoline-powered turbo; the only difference was the use of 14-inch alloy wheels rather than the wider 15-inch items mounted on the 5000 Turbo. North America: The third generation Audi 100 launched in September 1982 with aerodynamic styling, contrasting

8585-580: Was also used in some Volvo Cars models in the 1990s. This is a stroke-reduced version of the 3.0 V6 TDI CR VW EA 897 is a diesel engine series of Volkswagen AG, which was developed by Audi. The series comprises six cylinder - V-engines with 3.0 liter displacement and is used in various vehicles of the Volkswagen Group since 2010. The engines are produced by Audi Hungaria Zrt. in Győr . The Gen3 variant increases engine power up to 286 PS (210 kW; 282 bhp) on Audi Q5. This common rail V6 turbodiesel

8686-402: Was an automatic transmission. For 1974 the lineup was again restricted to the 100 LS, while the larger safety bumpers were now fitted. Power increased to 95 hp (71 kW) for 1975, by changing to fuel injection . Standard equipment was improved accompanied by an increase in prices. In August 1977 the new Audi 5000 replaced the 100, although 537 leftover cars were sold in 1978. The coupé

8787-482: Was at full capacity, yet fell short of demand during the summer of 1970 and an additional line was set up in Volkswagen's own Wolfsburg plant , which made it the first water cooled car produced there. For the Swiss market, the 100 LS was equipped with a version of the 1.8 liter engine bored out by 0.5 mm (0.020 in), producing 107 PS (79 kW). This placed the engine above the 9 horsepower tax threshold in

8888-688: Was based on transitioning to electric cars , and building a shared platform, battery systems, software and mobility solutions to use across all their brands. This involves creating the Scalable Systems Platform , as well as developing software under a new subsidiary called CARIAD . Volkswagen Group aims by 2024 to transition to selling mostly electric cars. It aims to have six battery factories in Europe by 2030. In 2023, Volkswagen Group announced plans to cut costs by €10 billion ($ 11.1 billion). In February 2024, Volkswagen Group and Chinese electric vehicle manufacturer XPeng signed

8989-665: Was developed by Audi , and first installed in the Audi D3 A8 in 2004. Subsequently, made available for all longitudinal engined Audis, along with the same engine orientation in Volkswagen Passenger Cars 'premium' models and Volkswagen Marine applications. Also related to VW's diesel emissions scandal. This Audi engine is an entirely redeveloped and bored -out evolution of the superseded 4.0 V8 TDI CR , now with 90 mm (3.54 in) cylinder spacing between bore centres, and again with roller chain drive for

9090-768: Was developed in Ingolstadt. The following table contains a selection of current and historical Volkswagen Group compression-ignition diesel engines for comparison of performance and operating characteristics: (435) present Volkswagen Group Volkswagen AG ( German: [ˈfɔlksˌvaːɡn̩] ), known internationally as the Volkswagen Group , is a German public multinational conglomerate manufacturer of passenger and commercial vehicles, motorcycles, engines and turbomachinery. Headquartered in Wolfsburg , Lower Saxony , Germany, and since

9191-679: Was discovered to have used defeat devices to deceive environmental regulators about how much NO x its cars were emitting. The company was fined billions of dollars. Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft is a public company and has a primary listing on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange , where it is a constituent of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index , and secondary listings on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange and SIX Swiss Exchange . It has been traded in

9292-513: Was founded in Berlin in 1937 and incorporated in Wolfsburg to manufacture the car that would become known as the Beetle . The company's production grew rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s. In 1965, it acquired Auto Union , which subsequently produced the first postwar Audi models. Volkswagen launched a new generation of front-wheel drive vehicles in the 1970s, including the Passat , Polo and Golf ;

9393-621: Was never the formal name of the Volkswagen Group. On 30 September 1982, Volkswagenwerk made its first step expanding outside Germany by signing a co-operation agreement with the Spanish car manufacturer SEAT, S.A. To reflect the company's increasing global diversification from its headquarters and main plant (the Volkswagenwerk in Wolfsburg ), on 4 July 1985, the company name was changed again—to Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft (Volkswagen AG). On 18 June 1986, Volkswagen AG acquired

9494-499: Was not available in the United States. The restyled C2 Audi 100 was launched in 1976, with an inline five-cylinder engine. It was initially a 136 PS (100 kW) engine offering "six-cylinder power and four-cylinder economy", later supplemented by less powerful versions. The Coupé was discontinued, but a five-door hatchback model, the 100 Avant , was launched in August 1977 as part of this generation. These Avant new models bore

9595-535: Was on Car and Driver 's Ten Best list for 1984 and 1985. The CS Turbo quattro was on that list for 1986 through 1988. Note : figures given for calendar years, might include late C2 production; figures for 200 do not include 1991. In 1988, Audi entered the Trans-Am Series with the 200 turbo quattro by contracting Bob Tullius Group 44 Racing. The car was equipped with the Quattro system. The car

9696-460: Was operating a plant in Xinjiang at a loss in order to curry favor with the Chinese government to set up more lucrative plants in other parts of China, which Volkswagen denied, saying that the decision to set up the plant in 2012 was purely based on economics. Volkswagen is still operating a plant in the region as of 2020. In 2021, Volkswagen Group released their New Auto strategy. The strategy

9797-513: Was piloted by Hurley Haywood and with both Walter Röhrl and Hans-Joachim Stuck won eight out of thirteen events. Audi moved to IMSA by the end of the season, the SCCA would change the regulation to a two-wheel drive only and banning cars with non-American engines. The Historic Trans-am & IMSA Group is dedicated to the preservation of the cars that ran in the SCCA Trans-am series and

9898-412: Was replaced by coil springs. For the model year 1975, the base 100 was renamed the 100 L and received a 1.6 liter four cylinder engine (coming out of the Audi 80 ). A four-wheel drive prototype of the Audi 100 C1 was built in 1976, long before the appearance of quattro . In South Africa, where the 100 was also assembled, the 100 was available as the L, LS, GL, and S Coupé. Local production began towards

9999-614: Was scheduled to take place during the course of 2011. On 8 September 2011, it was announced that the planned merger "cannot be implemented within the time frame provided for in the Comprehensive Agreement". As reasons, unquantifiable legal risks, including a criminal probe into the holding's former management team were given. Both parties "remain committed to the goal of creating an integrated automotive group with Porsche and are convinced that this will take place". On 4 July 2012 Volkswagen group announced they would wrap up

10100-586: Was the largest automaker by revenue in 2022. It has maintained the largest market share in Europe for over two decades. It ranked seventh in the 2020 Fortune Global 500 list of the world's largest companies. In 2023, Volkswagen Group was the largest company in the European Union and the largest car manufacturer in the world by revenue. The Volkswagen Group sells passenger cars under the Audi , Bentley , Cupra , Jetta , Lamborghini , Porsche , SEAT , Škoda and Volkswagen brands, motorcycles under

10201-489: Was unveiled as a four-door sedan on November 26, 1968. Its name originally denoting a power output of 100 PS (74 kW), the Audi 100 was the company's largest car since the revival of the Audi brand by Volkswagen in 1965. The C1 platform spawned several variants: the Audi 100 two- and four-door saloons, and the Audi 100 Coupé S , a fastback coupé , which bore a resemblance to the Aston Martin DBS released

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