Misplaced Pages

#502497

64-472: Posthumously, this 12th-century sovereign was named after the 11th-century Emperor Shirakawa . Go- (後), translates literally as "later"; and thus, he is sometimes called the "Later Emperor Shirakawa", or in some older sources, may be identified as "Shirakawa, the second" or as "Shirakawa II". Unusually, the years of Go-Shirakawa's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō ; Kyūju (1154–1156) and Hōgen (1156–1159). He

128-465: A few have three. Some names are given several generations later—this is the case for Emperor Jimmu and Emperor Antoku , for example. Others are provided immediately after death, like that Emperor Monmu . A shigō ( 諡号 ) , or okuri-na ( 諡 ) , name describes the accomplishments and the virtues of the rulers. There are two styles of emperors' shigō : Chinese or Han style ( 漢風諡号 ) and Japanese style ( 和風諡号 ) . Tsuigō names are derived from

192-506: A given name are subjective, repetitive, and highly stereotypical , meaning posthumous names are often chosen arbitrarily. Court historians usually provide such names according to the deceased's notable deeds. When combining an emperor's temple name and posthumous name, the temple name is placed first. For example, the Shunzhi Emperor , whose full posthumous title would be "Shizu, Emperor Zhang" ( 世祖章皇帝 ), combines his temple name and

256-515: A pilgrimage to various shrines, accompanied by armed monks, in order to avoid capture by the Taira. Go-Shirakawa then issued a mandate for Yoshinaka to join with Minamoto no Yukiie in "destroying Munemori and his army", as well as the entire Taira clan. The emperor bestowed upon Yoshinaka the title of Asahi Shōgun (旭 将軍). Go-Shirakawa also contributed to the Taira's defeat by attempting to persuade them to lower their guard; in 1184 he promised that if

320-469: A planned coup d'etat , known as the Shishigatani incident . The conspiracy was betrayed and all involved were punished; Go-Shirakawa was confined to Toba-in, the eponymous palace of Toba. It could be argued that Go-Shirakawa himself further increased Kiyomori's power even after their relationship fell apart. He deposed his son Rokujō in 1168 and elevated Takakura to the imperial throne. Takakura

384-457: A posthumous name, one or more adjectives are inserted before the deceased's title. The name of the state or domain of the owner may be added to avoid ambiguity. Early mythological rulers such as Emperor Yao were known to have posthumous names. Archaeological discoveries have shown that the titles of kings as far back as the Zhou dynasty ( c.   1046 to 256 BC) are posthumous names, as in

448-605: Is a Chinese term that means posthumous name and title. The names of living Chinese people may be any combination of characters. Most often, posthumous names are chosen from a relatively small list, with their literal meaning eroding as a result. The Chinese language format for posthumous names is "[ state ] [ adjective ] [ title ]". When translated into English, they take on the format "[ title ] [ adjective ] of [ state ]", such as King Wen of Zhou ('Cultured King of Zhou'), Duke Mu of Qin ('Solemn Duke of Qin'), and King Cheng of Chu ('Accomplished King of Chu'). The literal meaning of

512-524: Is always initial. The number of characters in posthumous names increased over time. The emperors of the Tang dynasty have posthumous names between 7 and 18 characters, while most in the Qing dynasty have more than 20 characters. For instance, the Shunzhi Emperor 's posthumous name has 25 characters. The woman with the longest posthumous name (also 25 characters) is Empress Dowager Cixi ; the shortened version of

576-641: Is an honorary name given mainly to revered dead people in East Asian culture . It is predominantly used in Asian countries such as China , Korea , Vietnam , Japan , and Thailand . Reflecting on the person's accomplishments or reputation, the title is assigned after death and essentially replaces the name used during life. Although most posthumous names are given to royalty, some posthumous names are given to honour significant people without hereditary titles , such as courtiers or military generals . To create

640-463: Is said to have acceded to the throne ( sokui ). After Nijō was formally enthroned, the management of all affairs continued to rest entirely in the hands of Go-Shirakawa, as per the system of Cloistered Emperor ( insei ). Fujiwara no Nobuyori and Fujiwara no Michinori (Shinzei) emerged as leading and rival advisors in this period, with Shinzei in a pre-eminent role. Further, while both the Taira and

704-559: The Chrysanthemum Throne , his personal name (his imina ) was Masahito -shinnō (雅仁親王). He was the fourth son of Emperor Toba . His mother was Fujiwara no Tamako , Fujiwara no Kinzane‘s daughter. Major consorts and children: Unless otherwise noted (as BC), years are in CE  / AD   Imperial Consort and Regent Empress Jingū is not traditionally listed. Posthumous name A posthumous name

SECTION 10

#1732764892503

768-521: The Eastern Han dynasty , has the character of ' filial ' ( 孝 ; xiào ) at the beginning of his posthumous name. 'Filial' is also used in the full posthumous names of virtually all emperors and empresses of the Tang , Song , Ming and Qing dynasties. For Qing emperors, the character xiào is placed in various positions in the string of characters. For Qing empresses given posthumous names, xiào

832-510: The insei system was the security it granted the emperors, as they often entered religion; the sacrosanctity of monks and priests was an intrinsic part of Japanese culture. Given that Sutoku was overthrown by the military clans and Go-Shirakawa, his position cannot truly be considered to have been secure, Sansom argues, and so the Hōgen Rebellion represents the end of the insei system. In 1158 Go-Shirakawa abdicated to his son Nijō and became

896-436: The 79th emperor; Antoku, the 81st emperor; and Go-Toba, the 82nd emperor. The Imperial Household has designated Hōjū-ji no Misasagi at Kyoto as the emperor's official mausoleum. Go-Shirakawa is usually characterised as manipulative and deceptive, as well as being inconstant and following whatever was the fashion of the day, whether politically or otherwise. Yoritomo called him "the biggest tengu of Japan". Furthermore, he

960-548: The 7th month ), the ex-Emperor Toba died at the age of 54. Soon afterwards, the Hōgen Rebellion broke out – Yorinaga had mustered several hundred warriors to try to press Sutoku's claim and usurp Go-Shirakawa's title. However, Go-Shirakawa gained the support of the two most powerful warrior clans, the Taira and the Minamoto , through their leaders, Minamoto no Yoshitomo and Taira no Kiyomori . Together, they easily defeated

1024-536: The Imperial Palace where Yoshitomo and Nobuyori were staying. Nobuyori ran away immediately, but Minamoto no Yoshihira (the eldest son of Yoshitomo) fought back and a fierce battle ensued. Yoshihira fought hard and chased Shigemori within the Imperial Palace. The Taira force retreated and the Minamoto force left the Imperial Palace in pursuit. This was a feint by Kiyomori. A detached Taira force occupied

1088-624: The Imperial Palace. The Minamoto force was cut off from any way of retreat. The Minamoto force charged at Rokuhara at a base of Kiyomori's. It became a fierce battle, but finally the Minamoto force fled in disorderly retreat. Ultimately, Taira no Kiyomori defeated Yoshitomo. Yoshitomo was eventually betrayed and killed by a retainer while escaping from Kyōto in Owari . Yoshitomo's two sons, Minamoto no Tomonaga and Minamoto no Yoshihira were also casualties. However three of his other sons, Yoritomo (then only 13 years old, and future founding Shogun of

1152-523: The Kamakura Shogunate 25 years later), Noriyori and Yoshitsune were spared. Afterwards, Taira no Kiyomori banished Yoshitomo's son Minamoto no Yoritomo , seized Minamoto wealth and land, and eventually formed the first of four samurai -dominated governments during the feudal history of Japan . The Heiji rebellion further weakened Imperial authority, placing power in the hands of the Taira samurai clan. It led to outright enmity between

1216-666: The Minamoto and Taira. The combination of this enmity and Go-Shirakawa's resentment of Taira power led to the Genpei War , ending with the decisive Taira defeat at the Battle of Dan-no-ura in 1185. The Kamakura period epic Tale of Heiji describes the exploits of the samurai who participated in the Heiji Rebellion. Together with the Tale of Hōgen and the Tale of Heike , these war stories ( gunki monogatari ) describe

1280-471: The Minamoto made no decisive moves and hesitated. Kiyomori made some peace proposals to Nobuyori. However, this was a plot. While Nobuyori was careless, the Emperor Nijō and the former emperor Go-shirakawa escaped to Kiyomori's side. Kiyomori received an imperial grant from the emperor for attacking Yoshitomo and Nobuyori. Taira no Shigemori (the eldest son of Kiyomori) led 3,000 cavalry and attacked

1344-529: The Taira returned the Imperial Regalia and the emperor he would facilitate a truce with the Minamoto. This meant that they were unprepared for the rapid attack of Minamoto no Noriyori and Minamoto no Yoshitsune at the Battle of Ichi-no-Tani , a decisive battle in the war. Throughout the entire war there were disagreements and struggles for power within the Minamoto clan, which was barely held together by Minamoto no Yoritomo . When Yoritomo secured

SECTION 20

#1732764892503

1408-464: The abducted Go-Shirakawa to the Imperial palace with Emperor Nijo, placing both under house arrest. Nobuyori had himself declared imperial chancellor, and began to see his plans for political power fall into place. However, Kiyomori was informed and made haste to return. The Minamoto did not plan well enough militarily, and were unprepared to defend the city against Kiyomori's return. Upon his return,

1472-404: The adjective usually needs to be translated. All Chinese posthumous names for rulers end in one or two of the characters for " emperor ", huángdì ( 皇帝 ), which can be shortened to Dì , except about a dozen less-recognized ones who have had only Dì and not Huáng . Starting with Emperor Xiaowen of Han (more commonly Emperor Wen), every single Han emperor, except the first of

1536-467: The aforementioned foremost military clans, the Taira and Minamoto, led to the Heiji Rebellion of 1160. The Minamoto lost and the Taira attained ascendancy. As Kiyomori's power reached its zenith, the good relations between him and Go-Shirakawa ended – Kiyomori's reign became hubristic and indeed despotic, with the Taira showing unequivocal disrespect not only towards the imperial clan, but towards

1600-520: The ambitious Fujiwara no Nobuyori , with allies from the Minamoto clan, a perfect opportunity to effect an uprising. In an attack on Sanjō Palace , the residence of the retired Emperor, Nobuyori and his Minamoto allies abducted the former emperor Go-Shirakawa and set fire to the Palace. After a pursuit, this also resulted in Shinzei's death. Minamoto no Yoshitomo and Fujiwara no Nobuyori moved

1664-424: The armies of Sutoku leaving Go-Shirakawa as the sole imperial ruler. Historian George Sansom argues that because the course of the insurrection was dictated by the military clans, this moment represents a turning point in the nature of Japanese politics; the imperial clan had lost all authority and the military clans now controlled the political landscape. Sansom develops this point to assert that an intrinsic part of

1728-488: The cases of King Wu and King Wen . Posthumous names commonly made tracing linear genealogies simpler and kept a bloodline apparent. In the Zhou dynasty, the posthumous name was usually only one character, such as Wen ('cultured') or Wu ('martial'). Over time, rulers began adding more characters to their ancestors' posthumous names. By the time of the first emperor of Tang , the length had grown to seven characters, which

1792-463: The cloistered emperor (the term used here out of practicality rather than as a validation of one point of view on the aforementioned issue), maintaining this position through the reigns of five emperors ( Nijō , Rokujō , Takakura , Antoku , and Go-Toba ) until his death in 1192. Go-Shirakawa was initially an ally of Kiyomori – the latter began trade with China and supported Go-Shirakawa, not just militarily but also financially. The tension between

1856-420: The death of Yoshitsune, Go-Shirakawa and Yoritomo reconciled. Go-Shirakawa allowed Yoritomo to form a shogunate – the imperial authority and validation was required to attain the position of Shogun. In 1192 ( Kenkyū 3, 13th day of the 3rd month ) Go-Shirakawa died at the age of 66. He had been father to two emperors – Nijō, the 78th emperor; Takakura, the 80th emperor and grandfather to three emperors – Rokujō,

1920-443: The deceased king was called Daehaeng daewang ( 대행대왕 ; 大行大王 ). The Ministry of Culture and Education ( 예조 ; 禮曹 ) was in charge of the naming. The Ministry of Culture and Education selected three candidates and reported them to the next king, who chose the name he liked best. The deposed kings' names were made up of three parts: the temple name ( 묘호 ), eulogistic names ( 존호 ), and posthumous names ( 시호 ). A deposed king

1984-586: The disfavored monarchs of the Joseon dynasty did not receive posthumous names. Posthumous names can be praises ( 褒字 ) or deprecations ( 貶字 ). There are more praises than deprecations, so posthumous names are also commonly called respectful names ( 尊號 ; zūnhào ) in Chinese. Sima Qian 's Records of the Grand Historian extensively outlines the rules behind choosing the names. Most qualifications for

Emperor Go-Shirakawa - Misplaced Pages Continue

2048-470: The earlier emperor's name: The posthumous name of some emperors was derived from the combination of characters from two previous emperors' posthumous names: Official posthumous names are still used in Japan. This tradition began with Emperor Meiji . Since the death of Emperor Meiji ( 明治天皇 , Meiji Tennō ) in 1912, the posthumous name of an emperor has always been the era name of his reign. In such cases,

2112-573: The fall of the Qin. Posthumous names were used by non- Han rulers of the Sixteen Kingdoms , Nanzhao , Liao dynasty , Western Xia , Jin dynasty , Yuan dynasty , Qing dynasty , Silla , Japan, and Vietnam. King names of Hồng Bàng dynasty and Mahan followed the posthumous naming but are considered later works. Some rulers, such as Wu Zetian or rebel leaders, had similarly styled regnal names when they were alive. Most monarchs inherited

2176-548: The king by their unique name or the informal Chula Chom Klao, as it is considered disrespectful. The personal name of King Vajiralongkorn will be regarded as casual until his death, when it will be replaced with the reign name Vajilaklao. The use of posthumous names ceased in Vietnam with the Khải Định Emperor , who died in 1925. Heiji rebellion The Heiji rebellion ( 平治の乱 , Heiji no ran , January 19 – February 5, 1160)

2240-759: The last three characters of his posthumous reputation, which is the form most commonly seen in formal documents. Some monarchs' and royal members' posthumous names were extended, such as Hongwu Emperor , Nurhaci , Crown Prince Hyomyeong , Sunjo of Joseon , and Empress Dowager Cixi . Some monarchs did not follow these guidelines; for example, monarchs of Ju , Chu , and Qi used place names, while some monarchs of Yue had Chinese transliterated posthumous words, and some monarchs of Goguryeo , Silla , and Baekje had differently styled posthumous names. Some early Japanese monarchs also had Japanese-style posthumous names ( 和風諡号 ) . Shihao ( traditional Chinese : 諡號 ; simplified Chinese : 谥号 ; pinyin : shì hào )

2304-471: The living name. In the Malay sultanates and other related sultanates and kingdoms of Southeast Asia, the posthumous names of the sultans and rulers always begin with the word Marhum ( Jawi : مرحوم ), an Arabic loanword meaning 'the late ruler'. The word Marhum is followed by either the place of death or the burial site. Mahmud II of Johor , who was killed while being carried on a royal litter in 1699,

2368-458: The middle. The characters used are mainly those used for emperors. For example, Prince Gong of the Qing dynasty was posthumously named Zhong ( 忠 ) and thus is referred to as Prince Gongzhong ( 恭忠親王 ; Gōngzhōng qīnwáng ). Prince Chun was posthumously named Xian ( 賢 ), and is therefore referred to as Prince Chunxian ( 醇賢親王 ; Chúnxián qīnwáng ). The posthumous name could include more than one character. For example, Prince Shuncheng Lekdehun

2432-403: The most commonly used was Zhìshèngxiānshī ( 至聖先師 ). Sometimes a person is given a posthumous name not by the court, but by his family or disciples. Such names are private posthumous names ( 私諡 ; sīshì ). For example, the sīshì given to Tao Qian was Jìngjié ( 靖節 ). The emperors of China continued to receive posthumous names of increasing length as a matter of ritual long after

2496-408: The name of locations and era names , among others. Those Japanese emperors are also sometimes called teigō ( 帝号 , 'emperor name(s)') . Those who were named after the place where the emperor was born, lived or frequented: Those who were named after an emperor whose admirable characteristics resemble those of an earlier one by adding Go ( 後 , lit.   ' later ' ) as a prefix to

2560-480: The name was 孝欽顯皇后 ('the Distinguished Empress who was Admirably Filial'). According to the noble system since the Zhou dynasty , the immediate family members of the emperor were given the titles like King, Prince, Duke, or Earl, with or without actual control over a region. After their death, they would be referred to by the same title, with the posthumous name (usually one character) inserted in

2624-460: The naming convention had been abandoned in casual speech and writing. The Guangxu Emperor , who died in 1908 and was the last emperor to receive a posthumous name, has a 21-character title: "Emperor Tongtian Chongyun Dazhong Zhizheng Jingwen Weiwu Renxiao Ruizhi Duanjian Kuanqin Jing". Puyi , the last emperor of China, did not receive a posthumous name upon his death in 1967. In Silla , every monarch

Emperor Go-Shirakawa - Misplaced Pages Continue

2688-530: The other high-ranking families as well. For example, in 1170 Taira men humiliated the reigning Fujiwara Regent, Fujiwara no Motofusa , after his retinue and that of Kiyomori's son, Shigemori , collided. This meant that in 1169 ( Kaō 1, 6th month ) Emperor Go-Shirakawa entered the Buddhist priesthood at the age of 42 – he felt he could no longer control Kiyomori. He took the Buddhist name of Gyōshin. Furthermore, Kiyomori's behaviour caused Go-Shirakawa to support

2752-487: The posthumous names belong to the category of tsuigō . After his death, Hirohito was formally renamed Emperor Shōwa ( 昭和天皇 , Shōwa Tennō ) after his era ; Japanese people now refer to him by only that name, and not by his given name Hirohito. Most Japanese people never refer to emperors by their given names, as it is considered disrespectful . A non-royal deceased person may be given a posthumous Buddhist name known as kaimyō but is, in practice, still referred to by

2816-406: The provinces following their defeat in 1160. In May 1180, Minamoto no Yorimasa sent a call to arms to his clan in the eastern and northern provinces. The call to arms was issued in the name of Prince Mochihito , Yorimasa's candidate for the imperial throne. Kiyomori became aware of this and subsequently confined Go-Shirakawa even more closely and called for the arrest of his son, Mochihito. Although

2880-418: The rebellion was defeated, it was the first of many and would eventually lead to the Taira's downfall. In short, the Minamoto won after a hard-fought war and with the continual support of Go-Shirakawa, who had been in contact with Minamoto no Yoritomo since Kiyomori's death in 1181. In 1183 the army of Minamoto no Yoshinaka entered the capital, allowing for Go-Shirakawa's re-entry into the city – he had made

2944-440: The recognition the government , to Empress Sunjeonghyo ; Crown Prince Euimin ; and Gu, Prince Imperial Hoeun . In Japan, posthumous names are divided into two types: shigō (Japanese: 諡号 ) and tsuigō ( 追号 ) . In addition to the title, Tennō ( 天皇 , 'heavenly sovereign', usually translated as 'emperor') is a part of all Japanese emperors' posthumous names, most of them consisting of two kanji characters, although

3008-521: The rulers of Goryeo and Joseon end in two of the characters for Daewang ( 대왕 ; 大王 ; lit.  great king). This is a longer name made up of adjectives characteristic of the king's rule. Details of the system of posthumous names were recorded during the Joseon dynasty. During the Joseon dynasty, officials discussed and decided on the king's posthumous name five days after the king's funeral. Before his temple and posthumous names were chosen,

3072-520: The same as those used for emperors. The length, however, was restricted to one or two characters. The posthumous name is sometimes rendered canonization in English, for the scholar-official to Confucianism is considered analogous to the saint in the Catholic Church . However, the process is shorter. Confucius has been given long posthumous names in almost every prominent dynasty; one of

3136-418: The support of Go-Shirakawa in this power struggle, Yoshinaka seized the cloistered emperor and burned his palace. After continued internal struggles within the Minamoto clan and fighting with the Taira, Yoshitsune finally destroyed the Taira clan entirely in 1185 at the naval Battle of Dan-no-ura . Although Yoritomo and Go-Shirakawa disagreed in the late 1180s, again related to internal Minamoto issues, after

3200-431: The surviving elements of Minamoto had helped Go-Shirakawa retain power, the Minamoto felt that the Taira were more greatly favoured by the court, under Shinzei's influence, and chafed at the ordered executions of those parts of the clan who were loyal to Sutoku (especially Minamoto no Tameyoshi ). In late 1159, Taira no Kiyomori , head of the Taira clan, left Kyōto with his family, on a personal pilgrimage. This left

3264-663: The throne and did not give negative posthumous names to the previous monarch. Later monarchs lengthened or changed some names. Emperor Aizong of Jin and the Chongzhen Emperor were referred to by different names by different people. Qin Hui of the Song dynasty had a name with a positive connotation, was then given a negative one, and later had the positive name restored. After the Song dynasty, few received negative names. In Korea,

SECTION 50

#1732764892503

3328-416: The throne as Emperor to secure his son's position until he came of age, skipping the usual status of Crown Prince. The new Emperor, who would be posthumously named Go-Shirakawa, was enthroned late that year. The resulting effect of disinheriting Sutoku's line, after Sutoku had already previously been made to abdicate in favour of Konoe, infuriated the retired Emperor. On July 20, 1156 ( Hōgen 1, 2nd day of

3392-667: The title of emperor, thus the posthumous names of Gojong and Sunjong end in two of the characters for Hwangje ( 황제 ; 皇帝 ; lit.  emperor). Crown Prince Hyomyeong has been given the longest posthumous name in Korea. He was posthumously elevated in status and given the title Emperor Munjo with 117 characters in posthumous names in 1899. In the Republic of Korea, the Jeonju Lee Royal Family Association has issued posthumous names, without

3456-683: Was de facto the last true emperor , before the shogun became the actual head of the country after Go-Shirakawa's death in 1192 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. On August 22, 1155 ( Kyūju 2, 23rd day of the 7th month ), Emperor Konoe died at the age of 17 years without leaving any heirs. There was an ensuing succession dispute: The main candidates were Prince Shigehito, son of retired Emperor Sutoku , and Prince Morihito , son of Go-Shirakawa (then named Prince Masahito). Though, according to Gukansho , Bifukumon-in also suggested her daughter Imperial Princess Akiko , Heian society

3520-425: Was a short civil war between rival subjects of the cloistered Emperor Go-Shirakawa of Japan in 1160 fought in order to resolve a dispute about political power. It was preceded by the Hōgen Rebellion in 1156. Heiji no ran is seen as a direct outcome of the earlier armed dispute; but unlike Hōgen no ran, which was a dispute between Emperors in which members of the same clan fought on different sides, this

3584-569: Was also criticized for excessively patronizing literature and religion, being an avid collector of imayo poetry since his youth, with these poems often being focused on Buddhist themes. He spent lavishly on restoring and expanding temples and shrines, such as his restoration of the Todai-ji after the Taira burned it down in 1180. He was also accused of encouraging the warrior monks of the great temples to attempt to wield even greater influence than they already possessed. Before his ascension to

3648-418: Was fundamentally opposed to the idea of a female ruler. Shigehito was expected to succeed and was supported by Fujiwara no Yorinaga , but court nobles centering around Bifukumon-in and Fujiwara no Tadamichi opposed this, fearing Sutoku gaining power as Cloistered Emperor. Securing the support of Cloistered Emperor Toba , a plan was put into place where 29 year old Prince Masahito, Morihito's father, would take

3712-438: Was given the title of wang ( Korean :  왕 ; Hanja :  王 ; lit.  king) with two characters in posthumous names from Jijeung of Silla . On the other hand, all posthumous names for kings of Balhae were restricted to one character. Most of the kings of Goryeo and Joseon were more often given temple names than posthumous names, unlike in the dynasties of ancient Korea. All posthumous names for

3776-481: Was not given any posthumous names with temple names unless reinstated. They were degraded to the rank of a gun ( 군 ; 君 ; lit.  prince); Yeonsan-gun and Gwanghae-gun are notable examples. Some men did not ascend to the throne in their lifetime but were proclaimed kings after they died by their descendants who became kings. In Joseon, nine men were raised to the status of emeritus kings. Gojong of Joseon proclaimed Korea an empire in 1897, receiving

3840-409: Was posthumously honoured as Prince Shuncheng Gonghui ( 多罗顺承恭惠郡王 ). Yinxiang, Prince Yi was granted a posthumous name consisting of 9 characters, Zhongjing chengzhi qinshen lianming xian ( 忠敬诚直勤慎廉明贤 ). It was also common for people with no hereditary titles, primarily accomplished scholar-officials or ministers, to be given posthumous names by the imperial court. The characters used are mainly

3904-679: Was posthumously known as Marhum Mangkat dijulang, which literally means 'the late ruler who died while being carried'. Other Malay posthumous names include: Since the death of King Chulalongkorn in 1910, the king has been named for his reigning era formally used in the Royal Gazette . Some were given posthumous names to elevate their title, such as in the case of King Ananda , who was posthumously titled Phra Athamaramathibodin. Kings Ananda and Bhumibol do not have specific reign names, and other kings, such as Chulalongkorn, are referred to using personal names. Most Thai people never refer to

SECTION 60

#1732764892503

3968-450: Was rather a struggle for power between two rival samurai clans. It is also seen as a precursor of a broader civil war . Following the Hōgen rebellion, in which retired Emperor Sutoku attempted to seize power and enthrone his son, Emperor Go-Shirakawa reigned for only three years before abdicating on September 5, 1158. ( Hōgen 3, 11th day of the 8th month ) Shortly thereafter, Emperor Nijō

4032-628: Was taxing to pronounce or write. Therefore, emperors after the Tang dynasty are commonly referred to by either their temple name (Tang through Yuan dynasties) or era name (Ming and Qing dynasties), both of which are always two characters long. The use of posthumous names temporarily stopped when emperor Qin Shi Huang of the Qin dynasty proclaimed it disrespectful for the descendants of emperors to judge their elders by assigning them descriptive titles. The Han dynasty resumed using posthumous names after

4096-478: Was the son of Kiyomori's sister-in-law, and so he attained a familial link to the imperial clan in a manner not dissimilar to that of the Fujiwara. Indeed, Kiyomori could have seized the power of Regent and Go-Shirakawa would have been powerless to stop him, due to this marital link. Go-Shirakawa planned to regain power through the Taira's old rivals, the Minamoto. They had been steadily recovering their strength in

#502497