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99-610: The Angler's (or Anglers') Rest is the fictional public house frequented by irrepressible raconteur Mr. Mulliner . At the beginning of each Mulliner short story, Mr. Mulliner and his companions are having a conversation in the bar-parlour that touches on a variety of topics, often unconnected to the previous one (as one patron put it in " Archibald and the Masses ": "We range. We flit. We leap from point to point. As an erudite Gin and Angostura once put it, we are like Caesar's wife, ready for anything). The conversations lead Mr. Mulliner to have

198-416: A jukebox or dartboard ). By the 1970s, divisions between saloons and public bars were being phased out, usually by the removal of the dividing wall or partition. While the names of saloon and public bar may still be seen on the doors of pubs, the prices (and often the standard of furnishings and decoration) are the same throughout the premises. Most present day pubs now comprise one large room, although with

297-467: A box of caramels and a novel from the circulating library, and on the following night, she places the results of her reading in front of the habitués of the Angler's Rest and invites their judgment (" The Castaways "). The Angler's Rest takes in residents for longer stay, as in " Unpleasantness at Bludleigh Court ", it is mentioned a poet is spending the summer at the place. Across from the bar-parlour there

396-454: A comfortable interior. It is owned by Spennie, Lord Dreever , but run by his rich uncle Sir Thomas Blunt . One of the oldest and grandest houses in England, Dreever is famed for an old ghost story, handed down from generation to generation. There is a picturesque rose-garden, and a lake with an island, ideal for young lovers. In The Gem Collector , an earlier version of the story, the house

495-469: A day, was increasing and that 39,404 pubs in England and Wales remained open at the end of June. There was regulation of public drinking spaces in England from at least the 15th century. In 1496, under, Henry VII, an act was passed, "against vagabonds and beggers" (11 Hen. VII c2), that included a clause empowering two justices of the peace, "to rejecte and put awey comen ale-selling in tounes and places where they shall think convenyent, and to take suertie of

594-505: A dinner for other millionaires in New York. Acting on a suggestion from Mortimer Bayliss, the curator of Bunyan's art collection, the group decide to have fun with their money by making a sort of tontine: Bunyan and nine other millionaires contribute fifty thousand dollars each to a fund, and the last son of the men to get married will receive all the money plus the compound interest accumulated. The men are not allowed to tell their sons about

693-537: A historic interiors list in order that they can be preserved. The pub took the concept of the bar counter to serve the beer from gin palaces in the 18th century. Until that time beer establishments used to bring the beer out to the table or benches, as remains the practice in (for example) beer gardens and some other drinking establishments in Germany. A bar might be provided for the manager or publican to do paperwork while keeping an eye on his or her customers, and

792-699: A house in London, located at 47 Charles Street , Berkeley Square . Brinkley Court is the primary setting of " The Love That Purifies ", Right Ho, Jeeves , Jeeves and the Feudal Spirit , Jeeves in the Offing , and Much Obliged, Jeeves . Jeeves works there temporarily in Stiff Upper Lip, Jeeves . Brinkley is said to be modeled on Severn End, Hanley Castle , in Worcestershire . In

891-507: A hundred miles from London . In one instance, it takes Dahlia Travers about three hours to travel from London to Brinkley Court. The residence of the Traverses' children Angela and Bonzo , Brinkley Court is also a popular destination for Bertie Wooster , Dahlia's beloved nephew. Brinkley's butler is named Seppings and its chauffeur Waterbury. Its most famous domestic employee is the gifted French chef Anatole . The Travers family also owns

990-493: A nap. The garden stretches down to the river, with many shady nooks and summer-house, seemingly ideal for conspirators not wishing to be overheard and weary minds and bodies needing rest. The proprietor, G. Ovens, makes excellent home-brewed ale . Halsey Court is a fictional London cul-de-sac that is not fashionable despite being located in Mayfair . It is featured in several stories, including Galahad at Blandings , Money in

1089-411: A particular kind of image, or in many cases simply as a pun on the word "in". The original services of an inn are now also available at other establishments. Hotels, lodges, and motels focus more on lodging customers than on other services but usually provide meals. Pubs are primarily alcohol-serving establishments. Restaurants and taverns serve food and drink. In North America, the lodging aspect of

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1188-609: A patent in favour of John Lofting for a fire engine, but remarked upon and recommended another invention of his, for a beer pump: "Whereas their Majesties have been Graciously Pleased to grant Letters patent to John Lofting of London Merchant for a New Invented Engine for Extinguishing Fires which said Engine have found every great encouragement. The said Patentee hath also projected a Very Useful Engine for starting of beer and other liquors which will deliver from 20 to 30 barrels an hour which are completely fixed with Brass Joints and Screws at Reasonable Rates. Any Person that hath occasion for

1287-537: A percentage of his future earnings) so that Stanhope can get married and Roscoe will receive the tontine money. Bayliss volunteers to speak to Stanhope for Roscoe. Keggs is annoyed when Roscoe only rewards him with fifty pounds for the information. Bayliss privately tells Keggs that he knows nobody named Twine joined the tontine, and Keggs confesses that the only other remaining son is actually named Bill Hollister. Keggs lied to Roscoe to help Jane, who wishes to marry Stanhope. Bayliss keeps his secret since he will enjoy seeing

1386-688: A real name but are named after the beverage they are drinking. Mr. Mulliner's own signature beverage is a hot Scotch and lemon. Here is a list of some of these names: Aspinall's is a fictional jewellery store in New Bond Street , London, and is referenced in Joy in the Morning (chapter 5), Full Moon (chapter 2), and Jeeves and the Feudal Spirit (chapter 8). Aspinall's was based on Asprey 's store in New Bond Street. Barribault's Hotel

1485-543: A recollection of a similar event introducing some new members of the very large Mulliner family. The story then leaves the pub to enter into the narrator's world. The landlord of The Angler's Rest is named Ernest Biggs (" The Juice of an Orange "), and his amiable barmaid is named Miss Postlethwaite, who is never given a first name even though she appears in most of the stories. She is a romantic type fond of motion picture and romance novels, described as "erudite" and "sensitive." Every Sunday afternoon, she retires to her room with

1584-599: A resident doctor (" The Truth About George ") and a church (" Anselm Gets His Chance "), with its inevitable Choral Society (" Mulliner's Buck-U-Uppo "). About a mile or two up the river from the Angler's Rest stands an ancient and historic public school (" The Voice from the Past "). The neighborhood also includes a golf course (" Those in Peril on the Tee "), and also a racecourse (" Gala Night "). Mr. Mulliner's pub companions never have

1683-651: A series of small rooms served drinks and food by waiting staff. By the early 1970s there was a tendency to change to one large drinking room as breweries were eager to invest in interior design and theming. Isambard Kingdom Brunel , the British engineer and railway builder, introduced the idea of a circular bar into the Swindon station pub in order that customers were served quickly and did not delay his trains. These island bars became popular as they also allowed staff to serve customers in several different rooms surrounding

1782-737: A speech, in Jeeves and the Feudal Spirit . Bertie visits the club in Much Obliged, Jeeves . He is not surprised that Jeeves spends so much time there, noting that the Junior Ganymede, while lacking the sprightliness of the Drones Club , is a very cosy and comfortable establishment. It appears that members are not required to resign after relinquishing their positions in service, since one valet, Bingley , retains his membership after retiring. According to Wodehouse scholar Norman Murphy,

1881-425: A wider selection of better quality drinks that cost a penny or two more than those served in the public bar. By the mid-20th century, the standard of the public bar had generally improved. Many were built between the world wars as part of the "improved" pub movement and as "roadhouse" inns—with large car parks to attract passing trade. Pub patrons only had to choose between economy and exclusivity (or youth and age:

1980-592: Is butler at Deverill, and Silversmith's daughter Queenie is the parlourmaid there. In the Jeeves and Wooster television series, Deverill Hall was filmed at Joyce Grove . Ditteredge Hall is the fictional residence of the family of Sir Roderick Glossop in Hampshire in " Scoring off Jeeves ". The fictional setting of much of A Gentleman of Leisure , Dreever is a large old place in Shropshire , with heavy grey walls to defend against Welsh marauders, but

2079-556: Is a fictional location appearing in Joy in the Morning , being the Hampshire residence of Bertie Wooster 's Uncle Percy (Percy Craye, Lord Worplesdon) and Aunt Agatha . It is located near the village of Steeple Bumpleigh . Usual residents include Lord Worplesdon's children Florence Craye and Edwin Craye. Chuffnell Hall is the fictional country house of "Chuffy" Chuffnell , located near Chuffnell Regis in Somerset . The house

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2178-838: Is a fictional hotel in London. It is a posh, dignified establishment, and may have been modeled on Claridge's . Barribault's first appears in Full Moon , in which it is located in Brook Street . In Spring Fever , the hotel is in Duke Street . In Ice in the Bedroom , it is in Clarges Street . Bertie Wooster has lunch there with Ginger Winship in Much Obliged, Jeeves . Barribault's also features in other novels including Something Fishy and Frozen Assets . It

2277-544: Is a larger room where they sometimes give smoking-concerts (" The Knightly Quest of Mervyn "). The Angler's Rest is located in a small English town, the name of which is never given. Some details given are that there is a High Street with a Bon Ton Drapery Stores, whose efficient sales assistant is named Alfred Lukyn (" The Story of Cedric "), and a cinema named the Bijou Dream (" A Slice of Life ", " The Nodder " and " The Rise of Minna Nordstrom "). The village also contains

2376-526: Is also featured in Uncle Dynamite . A fictional school, setting of the novel A Prefect's Uncle , and several short stories . A fictional small coastal-village in Hampshire , and the setting for the novel A Damsel in Distress . Belpher was once a prosperous fishing-town made famous by the oyster trade, until it was discovered that the local bay had been polluted, thus driving away much of

2475-487: Is called Corven Abbey , and owned by former New York policeman McEachern . The Drones Club is a fictional gentlemen's club for feckless youth, located in Dover Street , London . Easeby Hall is the fictional Shropshire seat of Bertie Wooster's Uncle Willoughby in " Jeeves Takes Charge ". A fictional school, setting of the novel The Head of Kay's , and several other school stories . A fictional inn on

2574-467: Is engaged to Stanhope Twine, an unpopular sculptor who lives in Peacehaven, though Stanhope does not have enough money to marry. Keggs was J. J. Bunyan's butler in 1929 and knows about the tontine. The fund has grown to approximately a million dollars. He tells Roscoe that he and Stanhope are the last unmarried sons. Keggs advises him to pay Stanhope twenty thousand pounds (under the pretext of getting

2673-535: Is featured in Thank You, Jeeves . Eventually, Sir Roderick Glossop opened his clinic at the Hall, after his marriage to Lord Chuffnell's aunt. Bertie Wooster stayed in the nearby cottage called Seaview Cottage, which was burnt down because of Brinkley . Chuffnell Regis is a fictional village featured in Thank You, Jeeves . The nearest village to Chuffnell Hall , it is located in Somerset ("Somersetshire" in

2772-631: Is in several countries a drinking establishment licensed to serve alcoholic drinks for consumption on the premises . The term first appeared in England in the late 17th century, to differentiate private houses from those open to the public as alehouses, taverns and inns . Today, there is no strict definition, but the Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA) states a pub has four characteristics: The history of pubs can be traced to taverns in Roman Britain , and through Anglo-Saxon alehouses, but it

2871-540: Is later residing at Berkeley Mansions in Thank You, Jeeves , though he is obliged to leave after making noise with his banjolele. Bertie apparently returns to the building, as he is residing in Berkeley Mansions in the later novel The Code of the Woosters and specifies that he lives in 3A Berkeley Mansions in Jeeves and the Feudal Spirit . In the 1979 What Ho! Jeeves radio adaptation of Jeeves and

2970-405: Is not straight, so the club could be "round the corner" and still on the same street.) Aside from socializing, the club's main activities are bridge and the writing and perusal of the club book, which has been in existence for more than eighty years and has reached its twelfth volume. According to Rule Eleven of the club's constitution, every member must record information about their employers in

3069-477: Is the preparatory school at Bramley-on-Sea where Bertie Wooster , Kipper Herring , Bingo Little , Freddie Widgeon, Gussie Fink-Nottle and Catsmeat Potter-Pirbright studied in their earlier years. During their education, the school was presided over by the Rev. Aubrey Upjohn . The name comes from the real school which P. G. Wodehouse attended from 1891 to 1893. A fictional company owned and run by Lord Tilbury ,

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3168-420: Is when a pub owner allows patrons to continue drinking in the pub after the legal closing time, on the theory that once the doors are locked, it becomes a private party rather than a pub. Patrons may put money behind the bar before official closing time, and redeem their drinks during the lock-in so no drinks are technically sold after closing time. The origin of the British lock-in was a reaction to 1915 changes in

3267-467: The Covid pandemic , followed by the wave of inflation that increased prices. By June 2022, pub numbers in England and Wales had fallen to a record low of 39,970, a loss of 7,000 in 10 years. Pubs also found it difficult to hire enough staff, with 142,000 jobs unfilled in the accommodation and food services sector by 2023. Figures published in 2023 showed that the rate of pub loss, equivalent to two closures

3366-574: The smoking ban of 2007 , intense competition from gastro-pubs, the availability of cheap alcohol in supermarkets or the general economic climate are either to blame, or are factors in the decline. Changes in demographics may be an additional factor. In 2015 the rate of pub closures came under the scrutiny of Parliament in the UK, with a promise of legislation to improve relations between owners and tenants. The Lost Pubs Project listed 42,519 closed English pubs on 6 August 2023, with photographs of over 29,000. In

3465-459: The "weasel" is unclear but the two most likely definitions are: a flat iron used for finishing clothing; or rhyming slang for a coat ( weasel and stoat ). A few pubs have stage performances such as serious drama, stand-up comedy, musical bands, cabaret or striptease ; however, juke boxes , karaoke and other forms of pre-recorded music have otherwise replaced the musical tradition of a piano or guitar and singing. The public bar, or tap room,

3564-471: The 17th century, this represented a fundamental shift in the way that many pubs were operated and the period is now widely regarded as the birth of the tied house system. Decreasing numbers of free houses and difficulties in obtaining new licences meant a continual expansion of their tied estates was the only feasible way for breweries to generate new trade. By the end of the century more than 90 per cent of public houses in England were owned by breweries, and

3663-504: The 1980s). In the Manchester area, the public bar was known as the "vault", other rooms being the lounge and snug as usual elsewhere. The vault was a men-only bar, meant for working men in their dirty working clothes. This style was in marked contrast to the adjacent saloon or lounge bar which, by the early 20th century, was where male or accompanied female middle-class drinkers would drink. It had carpeted floors, upholstered seats, and

3762-528: The Bank , and Frozen Assets . In Frozen Assets , Halsey Court is said to be located just round the corner from Barribault's . The fictional home of Ukridge 's Aunt Julia , Heath House is a large mansion near Wimbledon Common , set back from the road in the seclusion of spacious grounds. Ukridge lives there from time to time, in between being thrown out by his aunt for his misdeeds. The grounds are in much demand for dancing societies and charitable fetes. Among

3861-486: The Feudal Spirit , the telephone number for Bertie's flat is Mayfair 2631 (as spoken to a telephone operator), though no telephone number is given for the flat in the original stories. In A Pelican at Blandings , Galahad Threepwood lives in Berkeley Mansions, on the fourth floor. Galahad had previously lived in a flat in Duke Street, St James's . Wodehouse briefly lived in a flat in Berkeley Street in 1922,

3960-581: The High Street in Market Blandings , the Emsworth serves fine ale and makes an ideal meeting-place for conspirators not wishing to be overheard, as well as providing accommodation for anyone wishing to be near Blandings Castle but lacking an invitation. There is a busy bar downstairs, and a more genteel dining-room on the first floor, with comfortable armchairs ideal for anyone in need of

4059-759: The Mammoth is based at Tilbury House, Tilbury Street (off Fleet Street ). The company's output is large and varied, from the gossipy Society Spice to the children's Tiny Tots , and includes newspapers such as the Daily Record , magazines like Home Gossip , and book imprints like the British Pluck Library , home to the adventures of Gridley Quayle, Investigator . Employees at various times include Tilbury's timid son Roderick , briefly editor of Society Spice , Percy Pilbeam , Roderick's capable assistant who later takes over as editor, Ashe Marson,

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4158-675: The UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they provided not only food and lodging, but also stabling and fodder for travellers' horses, and on some roads fresh horses for the mail coach . Famous London inns include the George, Southwark and the Tabard . There is, however, no longer a formal distinction between an inn and other kinds of establishment. Many pubs use "Inn" in their name, either because they are long established former coaching inns , or to summon up

4257-463: The Uffenham family collection kept at Shipley Hall. Gish tells Bill to go to Shipley and ask Bayliss about the pictures. Bill meets Jane at Barribault's and falls in love with her. Jane also feels drawn to Bill, though she keeps in mind that she is engaged to Stanhope. At Shipley Hall, Bayliss tells Uffenham and Bill that Uffenham's pictures are all fake. When Bill abruptly asks Jane to marry him over

4356-616: The United Kingdom on 18 January 1957 by Herbert Jenkins , London and in the United States on 28 January 1957 by Simon & Schuster, Inc. , New York, under the title The Butler Did It . The plot concerns a tontine formed by a group of wealthy men weeks before the 1929 stock market crash, and a butler named Keggs who, having overheard the planning of the scheme, years later decides to try to make money out of his knowledge. The novel features Bill Hollister and Roscoe Bunyan,

4455-826: The Unready prescribes fines for breaching the peace at meetings held in alehouses. A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel. The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446, and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders . A survey in 1577 of drinking establishment in England and Wales for taxation purposes recorded 14,202 alehouses, 1,631 inns, and 329 taverns, representing one pub for every 187 people. Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in

4554-421: The advent of gastropubs , some establishments have returned to maintaining distinct rooms or areas. The "snug" was a small private room or area, typically with access to the bar and a frosted glass window above head height. Customers in the snug paid a higher price for beer and nobody could look in and see the drinkers. Not only did wealthy visitors use these rooms, but also patrons who preferred not to be seen in

4653-431: The bar. A "beer engine" is a device for pumping beer, originally manually operated and typically used to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar. The first beer pump known in England is believed to have been invented by John Lofting (born Netherlands 1659-d. Great Marlow Buckinghamshire 1742) an inventor, manufacturer and merchant of London. The London Gazette of 17 March 1691 published

4752-591: The big breweries to sell their tied houses, the Government introduced the Beer Orders in 1989. The result, however, was that the Big Six melted away into other sectors; selling their brewing assets and spinning off their tied houses, largely into the hands of branded pub chains, called pubcos. As these were not brewers, they were not governed by the Beer Orders and tens of thousands of pubs remain tied, much in

4851-443: The brewery). Another common arrangement was (and is) for the landlord to own the premises (whether freehold or leasehold ) independently of the brewer, but then to take a mortgage loan from a brewery, either to finance the purchase of the pub initially, or to refurbish it, and be required as a term of the loan to observe the solus tie. Something Fishy Something Fishy is a novel by P. G. Wodehouse , first published in

4950-469: The characteristics that make pubs instantly recognisable today. In particular, and contrary to the intentions of the Beerhouse Act, many drew inspiration from the gin houses and palaces. Bar counters had been an early adoption, but ornate mirrors, etched glass, polished brass fittings and lavishly tiled surfaces were all features that had first made their appearance in gin houses. Innovations such as

5049-479: The club book. Information in the club book about Roderick Spode proves crucial in The Code of the Woosters . The club book was said to have eleven pages on Bertie Wooster . The total eventually ballooned to eighteen pages, before Jeeves agrees to destroy the pages on Bertie in Much Obliged, Jeeves . A monthly luncheon is held at the Junior Ganymede. Jeeves is asked to chair the luncheon, which entails delivering

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5148-619: The club was inspired by The Running Footman, a pub that was frequented by butlers, valets, and other servants in Mayfair in the 1920s, located in Charles Street (not far from the eastern end of Curzon Street). The pub is now named The Only Running Footman , or The Footman for short. King's Deverill is a fictional village near Deverill Hall . The village is featured in The Mating Season . Malvern House Preparatory School

5247-573: The country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago. Some inns in Europe are several centuries old. In addition to providing for the needs of travellers, inns traditionally acted as community gathering places. In Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from taverns , alehouses and pubs. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in

5346-410: The development of the large London Porter breweries, a trend grew for pubs to become tied houses that only sold beer from a single brewery. (A pub not 'tied' in this way was called a free house .) The usual arrangement for a tied house was that the brewery owned the pub but rented it out to a private individual (landlord) who ran it as a separate business (even though contracted to buy the beer from

5445-533: The drinks traditionally served include draught beer and cider , most also sell wine , spirits , tea , coffee , and soft drinks . Many pubs offer meals and snacks, and those considered to be gastro-pubs serve food in a manner akin to a restaurant. A licence is required to operate a pub; the licensee is known as the landlord or landlady, or the publican. Often colloquially referred to as their "local" by regular customers, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to home or work, good food, social atmosphere,

5544-490: The fifteen years to 2017 a quarter of London's pubs had closed. The closures have been ascribed to factors such as changing tastes and a rise in the cost of beer due to tax increases. Some London boroughs where there has been an increase in British Muslim population— Islam forbids alcohol to its adherents—have seen a high amount of closures. The industry suffered a major decline from 2020, due to reduced trade during

5643-476: The first country in the world to ban smoking in all enclosed public areas. Scotland was the first UK nation to introduce a ban on indoor smoking in March 2006, followed by the rest of the UK in 2007. Australia introduced a similar ban in 2006 and now has some of the world's toughest anti-smoking laws, with some territories having also banned smoking in outside public areas. Some publicans raised concerns, prior to

5742-630: The first pubs, called tabernae (the origin of modern English " tavern "), began to appear. After the departure of Roman authority in the fifth century and the fall of the Romano-British kingdoms , the Anglo-Saxons established alehouses that may have grown out of domestic dwellings, first attested in the 10th century. These alehouses quickly evolved into meeting houses for folk to socially congregate, gossip and arrange mutual help within their communities. The Wantage law code of Æthelred

5841-536: The greedy Roscoe lose twenty thousand pounds for nothing. Roscoe is secretly engaged to actress Emma Billson (Keggs's niece) and plans to end the engagement because of the tontine. He hires private detective Percy Pilbeam to get back his letters to her mentioning marriage to avoid a breach of promise case. Unlike Roscoe, Bill Hollister is not rich and works for art dealer Leonard Gish's Gish Galleries. Stanhope and Bill are acquaintances, and Bill helps Stanhope do business with Bayliss. Jane wants Mr Gish to sell pictures from

5940-530: The grounds as a child; there are too many statues there. The Junior Ganymede Club is a fictional club for valets and butlers, of which Jeeves is a member. The club is located in Curzon Street in Mayfair , as stated in three novels and one short story. In Much Obliged, Jeeves , while Bertie and Jeeves are in Curzon Street, Jeeves says that the club is "just round the corner". (Curzon Street

6039-559: The grounds of the Castle, much to Lord Emsworth 's horror (not only does his garden become an inferno of children, tents and paper bags, but he is required to wear a top hat and make a speech). Blandings Parva is also known for taking in children from London in need of fresh air, such as Gladys and her brother Ern. The fictional country house of Tom and Dahlia Travers , Brinkley Court is located near Market Snodsbury in Worcestershire , near Droitwich , eight miles from Pershore and about

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6138-545: The growth from 1869 by introducing magisterial control and new licensing laws. These aimed to make it harder to obtain a licence, and control drunkenness, prostitution, and other undesirable conduct on licensed premises. In the United Kingdom, restrictions were tightened considerably following the advent of the First World War. The Defence of the Realm Act , along with introducing rationing and censorship of

6237-494: The implementation of restrictions, that a smoking ban would have a negative impact on sales. The impact of the ban was mixed, with some pubs suffering declining sales, and others seeing an increase, particularly in food sales. By the end of the 18th century, a new room in the pub was established: the saloon. Beer establishments had always provided entertainment of some sort—singing, gaming or sport. Balls Pond Road in Islington

6336-566: The introduction of hand pumps (or beer engines ) allowed more people to be served, faster, while technological advances in the brewing industry and improved transportation links made it possible for breweries to deliver beer far from where it was brewed. The latter half of the 19th century saw increased competition within the brewing industry and, in an attempt to secure markets for their own products, breweries began rapidly buying local pubs and directly employing publicans to run them. Although some tied houses had existed in larger British towns since

6435-508: The keepers of ale-houses in their gode behavyng by the discrecion of the seid justices, and in the same to be avysed and aggreed at the tyme of their sessions." The Beerhouse Act of 1830 is widely considered to be a milestone in the history of public houses. Gin was popularised in England in the late 17th century, largely because it provided an alternative to French brandy at a time of political and religious conflict between Britain and France. Because of its cheapness, gin became popular with

6534-590: The licensing laws in England and Wales, which curtailed opening hours to stop factory workers from turning up drunk and harming the war effort. From then until the start of the 21st century, UK licensing laws changed very little, retaining these comparatively early closing times. The tradition of the lock-in therefore remained. Since the implementation of the Licensing Act 2003 , premises in England and Wales may apply to extend their opening hours beyond 11 pm, allowing round-the-clock drinking and removing much of

6633-480: The need for lock-ins. Since the smoking ban , some establishments operated a lock-in during which the remaining patrons could smoke without repercussions but, unlike drinking lock-ins, allowing smoking in a pub was still a prosecutable offence. Concerns about the effects of cigarette smoke inhalation first surfaced in the 1950s and ultimately led many countries to ban or restrict smoking in specific settings, such as pubs and restaurants. Early in 2004, Ireland became

6732-644: The novel). In the village is the Seaview Hotel, which has the telephone number Chuffnell Regis 294. See Dreever Castle below. The Demosthenes Club is a fictional gentlemen's club in Cocktail Time and Ice in the Bedroom . A respectable and dignified institution, it is located across the street from the more boisterous Drones Club . Members of the Demosthenes include Sir Roderick Glossop and John Shoesmith, Freddie Widgeon's employer. It

6831-414: The only practical way brewers could now grow their tied estates was to turn on each other. Buy-outs and amalgamations became commonplace, and by the end of the 1980s there were only six large brewers left in the UK, collectively known as the Big Six; Allied , Bass , Courage , Grand Metropolitan , Scottish & Newcastle and Whitbread . In an attempt to increase the number of free houses, by forcing

6930-482: The poor standard of rural roads meant that, away from the larger towns, the only beer available was often brewed by the publican himself. With the arrival of the Industrial Revolution , many areas of the United Kingdom were transformed by a surge in industrial activity and rapid population growth. There was huge demand for beer and for venues where the public could engage in social interaction, but there

7029-586: The poor, eventually leading to a period of drunkenness and lawlessness, known as the Gin Craze . In the early 19th century, encouraged by a reduction of duties, gin consumption again began to rise and gin houses and gin palaces (an evolution of gin shops) began to spread from London to most towns and cities in Britain. Alarmed at the prospect of a return to the Gin Craze, the government attempted to counter

7128-640: The popular music hall form of entertainment—a show consisting of a variety of acts. A most famous London saloon was the Grecian Saloon in the Eagle, City Road , referenced by name in the 18th-century nursery rhyme : "Up and down the City Road / In and out the Eagle / That's the way the money goes / Pop goes the weasel ." This meant that the customer had spent all his money at the Eagle, and needed to pawn his "weasel" to get some more. The meaning of

7227-525: The presence of friends and acquaintances, and the availability of pub games such as darts , pool , or snooker . Pubs often screen sporting events, such as rugby , cricket and football . The pub quiz was established in the UK in the 1970s. Ale was a native British drink before the arrival of the Roman Empire in the first century, but it was with the construction of the Roman road network that

7326-535: The press, restricted pubs' opening hours to 12 noon–2:30 pm and 6:30 pm–9:30 pm. Opening for the full licensed hours was compulsory, and closing time was equally firmly enforced by the police. There was also a special case established under the State Management Scheme where the brewery and licensed premises were bought and run by the state, most notably in Carlisle . A "lock-in"

7425-410: The public bar. Ladies often enjoyed a private drink in the snug in a time when many frowned on women visiting a pub. The local police officer might nip in for a quiet pint, the parish priest for his evening whisky, or lovers for a rendezvous. The Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA) has surveyed the 50,000 pubs in Britain and it believes that there are very few pubs that still have classic snugs. These are on

7524-769: The said Engines may apply themselves to the Patentee at his house near St Thomas Apostle London or to Mr. Nicholas Wall at the Workshoppe near Saddlers Wells at Islington or to Mr. William Tillcar, Turner, his agent at his house in Woodtree next door to the Sun Tavern London." "Their Majesties" referred to were William III of England and Mary II of England , who had recently arrived from the Netherlands and had been appointed joint monarchs. A further engine

7623-441: The same way that they had been previously. In reality, government interference did very little to improve Britain's tied house system and all its large breweries are now in the hands of foreign or multi-national companies. The number of pubs in the UK has declined year on year at least since 1982. Various reasons are put forward for this, such as the failure of some establishments to keep up with customer requirements. Others claim

7722-496: The same year that the story showing Bertie living in Berkeley Street (in Crichton Mansions), " Sir Roderick Comes to Lunch ", was published. Blandings Castle is a fictional location central to many P. G. Wodehouse stories. It is an idyllic country house. A small fictional hamlet near Blandings Castle . The people of the village enjoy much revelry at the annual School Treat, held on August Bank Holiday every year in

7821-749: The shortest possible time. The other, more private, rooms had no serving bar—they had the beer brought to them from the public bar. A number of pubs in the Midlands or the North still retain this set up, though now customers fetch the drinks themselves from the taproom or public bar. One of these is the Vine, known locally as the Bull and Bladder, in Brierley Hill near Birmingham, another the Cock at Broom, Bedfordshire

7920-443: The sons of two of the men who set up the tontine. The last one to become married will receive one million dollars from the tontine. Keggs supports his impoverished former employer, the genial and often confused Lord Uffenham, and Uffenham's niece Jane. A chance meeting between Bill and Jane turns to romance, and Lord Uffenham and Keggs plot to save the day for Bill and Jane. On September 10, 1929, American millionaire J. J. Bunyan hosts

8019-481: The staff of the house have been, at times, the likes of Oakshott the butler , and "Battling" Billson , a temporary handyman, and James Corcoran is rarely welcome there. The house is occasionally called "The Cedars" in later stories. The fictional Hampshire seat of Frederick Twistleton, Earl of Ickenham , where he lives much of the time, his wife Jane (Countess of Ickenham) having forbidden him to visit London lest he wreak his usual havoc. Polly Pott gambolled in

8118-503: The telephone, she gasps and ends the call. Uffenham, who likes Bill, advises him to be more tactful and warns him that Jane is engaged to Stanhope. Bayliss delivers Roscoe's check to Stanhope. Afterwards, Bayliss tells Roscoe that Keggs lied and Stanhope is not part of the tontine. To inspire Jane to feel concern for Bill, Uffenham hits him with a tobacco jar. This is successful, and Jane and Bill admit their feelings for each other. Stanhope has ended his engagement with Jane in order to travel

8217-446: The television series Jeeves and Wooster , exterior shots of Brinkley Court were filmed at Barnsley Park , Gloucestershire in series 1 and Hall Barn , Buckinghamshire in series 4. All interior shots of Brinkley Court were filmed at Wrotham Park , Hertfordshire. The Travers family's address in London, 47 Charles Street, was the same address where Ian Hay , who collaborated with Wodehouse on three plays, lived in 1926. Bumpleigh Hall

8316-478: The term "bar" applied to the publican's office where one was built, but beer would be tapped directly from a cask or barrel on a table, or kept in a separate taproom and brought out in jugs. When purpose built Victorian pubs were built after the Beerhouse Act 1830 , the main room was the public room with a large serving bar copied from the gin houses, the idea being to serve the maximum number of people in

8415-518: The threat, and encourage the consumption of a more wholesome beverage, by introducing the Beerhouse Act of 1830. The Act introduced a new lower, and largely deregulated, tier of premises called "the beerhouse". Under the act any householder, upon payment of two guineas (roughly equal in value to £237 today), was permitted to brew and sell beer or cider in their own home. Beerhouses were not allowed to open on Sundays, or sell spirits and fortified wines; any beerhouse discovered to be breaking these rules

8514-552: The tontine but still wants to marry Jane right away, which moves Jane. Keggs realizes that Pilbeam was hired by Roscoe to destroy their contract, and also learns that Roscoe was engaged to Emma and ended the engagement because of the tontine, and had his letters destroyed to avoid a breach of promise case. Uffenham suggests that Keggs bring Emma's parents, Flossie Billson (Keggs's sister) and retired boxer Battling Billson , to confront Roscoe. The intimidating appearance of Mr Billson compels Roscoe to renew his engagement to Emma, and split

8613-461: The tontine money evenly with Bill and pay Keggs. Bayliss decides not to tell Bill or Roscoe that Bill's father didn't actually contribute to the tontine and Roscoe didn't have to split the money with Bill. Under the title Something Fishy , the story was published in two parts in Collier's (US) on 31 August and 14 September 1956, with illustrations by Ronald Searle . This version was shorter than

8712-491: The tontine. The story jumps to June 20, 1955. Retired butler Augustus Keggs is the landlord of three neighbouring homes in London suburb Valley Fields : Castlewood, Peacehaven, and The Nook. Keggs's former employer Lord Uffenham and Lord Uffenham's niece Jane live with Keggs in Castlewood. Lord Uffenham has rented out his large home, Shipley Hall (near Tonbridge ), to Roscoe Bunyan, the late J. J. Bunyan's wealthy son. Jane

8811-629: The tourist and fishing trade. Local points of interest mentioned in the novel include The Belpher Arms, the village tavern, and Belpher Castle, the home of the aristocratic Marshmoreton family since the Wars of the Roses . Berkeley Mansions, Berkeley Square , London W1 , is a fictional Mayfair residential building in the Jeeves stories, being the residence of Bertie Wooster . In an early story, Bertie lives at 6A, Crichton Mansions, Berkeley Street, W. but

8910-529: The word "inn" lives on in hotel brand names like Holiday Inn , and in some state laws that refer to lodging operators as innkeepers. The Inns of Court and Inns of Chancery in London started as ordinary inns where barristers met to do business, but became institutions of the legal profession in England and Wales . Pubs as we know them today first appeared in the 19th century. Before this time alehouses were largely indistinguishable from private houses and

9009-662: The world freely with his new money. Keggs offers to tell Roscoe the real identity of the other remaining contender for the tontine, if Roscoe pays him a hundred thousand dollars out of the tontine proceeds. Roscoe agrees and they sign a contract. Keggs tells Roscoe about Bill. Following Keggs's suggestion, Roscoe hires Bill at a large salary to be Bayliss's assistant so that Bill can afford to marry Jane. Percy Pilbeam recovers Roscoe's letters. Roscoe gives him another job, to recover and destroy Keggs's contract, which Pilbeam manages to accomplish. Bayliss informs Uffenham that some of his pictures are actually valuable after all. Bill learns about

9108-608: The writer of the Gridley Quayle stories, Joan Valentine, sometime editor of Home Gossip , and Sam Shotter , who worked for his neighbour Mr Wrenn , editor of Pyke's Home Companion . Monty Bodkin is deputy-editor of Tiny Tots at the start of Heavy Weather , thanks to his uncle Sir Gregory Parsloe-Parsloe meeting with Tilbury at a public dinner; Archie Gilpin was an occasional contributor. Lavender Briggs and Millicent Rigby have both acted as Tilbury's secretary. Public House A pub (short for public house )

9207-494: Was also intense competition for customers. Gin houses and palaces became increasingly popular, while the Beerhouse Act of 1830 caused a proliferation of beerhouses. By the mid-19th century, pubs were widely purpose-built, and could incorporate architectural features that distinguished them from private houses to make them stand out from the competition. Many existing public houses were also redeveloped at this time, borrowing features from other building types and gradually developing

9306-504: Was based on the Athenaeum Club in London. Deverill Hall is a fictional country house with Tudor architecture , located in Hampshire , in the village of King's Deverill . The setting of The Mating Season , Deverill Hall is the residence of Esmond Haddock, Dame Daphne Winkworth , and her sisters, Emmeline, Charlotte, Myrtle and Harriet, as well as Dame Daphne Winkworth's daughter Gertrude. Jeeves's uncle Charlie Silversmith

9405-443: Was closed down and the owner heavily fined. Within eight years 46,000 new beerhouses opened and, because operating costs were so low, huge profits were often made. The combination of increasing competition and high profits eventually led to what has been described as a golden age of pub building when many landlords extended or redeveloped their properties, adopting many features modern pubs still have. Authorities attempted to check

9504-407: Was invented in the late 18th century by the locksmith and hydraulic engineer Joseph Bramah (1748–1814). Strictly the term refers to the pump itself, which is normally manually operated, though electrically powered and gas powered pumps are occasionally used. When manually powered, the term "handpump" is often used to refer to both the pump and the associated handle. In the 18th century, after

9603-405: Was named after an establishment run by a Mr. Ball that had a duck pond at the rear, where drinkers could, for a fee, go out and take a potshot at the ducks. More common, however, was a card room or a billiards room. The saloon was a room where, for an admission fee or a higher price of drinks, singing, dancing, drama, or comedy was performed and drinks would be served at the table. From this came

9702-502: Was not until the early 19th century that pubs, as they are today, first began to appear. The model also became popular in countries and regions of British influence, where pubs are often still considered to be an important aspect of their culture . In many places, especially in villages, pubs are the focal point of local communities. In his 17th-century diary, Samuel Pepys described the pub as "the heart of England". Pubs have been established in other countries in modern times. Although

9801-454: Was where the working class were expected to congregate and drink. It had unfurnished floorboards, sometimes covered with sawdust to absorb the spitting and spillages (known as "spit and sawdust"), bare bench seats and stools. Drinks were generally lower-quality beers and liquors. Public bars were seen as exclusive areas for only men; strictly enforced social etiquettes barred women from entering public bars (some pubs did not lift this rule until

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