80-789: Eureka Springs is a city in Carroll County, Arkansas , United States, and one of two county seats for the county. It is located in the Ozark Mountains of northwest Arkansas, near the border with Missouri. As of the 2020 census , the city population was 2,166. In 1970 the entire city, as of its borders at that time, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Eureka Springs Historic District . Eureka Springs has been selected as one of America's Distinctive Destinations by
160-481: A female householder with no husband present, and 30.20% were non-families. 25.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.30% had someone living alone, who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.93. In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.00% under the age of 18, 8.10% from 18 to 24, 26.20% from 25 to 44, 26.00% from 45 to 64, and 15.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
240-485: A female householder with no husband present, and 49.1% were classified as non-families by the United States Census Bureau . Of 1,119 households, 250 were unmarried partner households: 50 heterosexual, 110 same-sex male, and 90 same-sex female households. 41.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
320-454: A grand jury had indicted him on charges that as governor Clayton issued fraudulent election credentials for the U.S. House of Representatives election to John Edwards . In response to these allegations, Clayton contended that in eight precincts, there had been two separate sets of polls. One set was overseen by authorized judges and the other under the unauthorized control of opposing political factions. The Arkansas Supreme Court ruled that
400-473: A ground-level emergency exit in the back of the building on the fifth floor. The streets wind around the town, with few intersecting at right angles. There are no traffic lights. Native American legends tell of a Great Healing Spring in the Eureka Springs area. People of various indigenous cultures long visited the springs for this sacred purpose. The hills and valleys of the area are ancestral lands of
480-643: A home in the developing resort town of Eureka Springs, Arkansas . He was president of the Eureka Springs Improvement Company and worked to develop commercial and residential properties. In 1883, he became president of the Eureka Springs Railroad , which provided rail service to the developing community. He died in Washington, D.C., in 1914 and was interred at Arlington National Cemetery . Powell Foulk Clayton
560-552: A major in the 16th United States Cavalry and is also buried in Arlington National Cemetery . Two of Clayton's daughters married diplomats from Belgium and England . On September 9, 1868, Clayton lost his left hand while hunting outside Little Rock when his rifle discharged. Clayton had two twin brothers, W. H. H. Clayton and John M. Clayton . These three men made their careers in Arkansas. William
640-677: A member of the Republican National Committee, he was instrumental in delivering votes from the entire Arkansas delegation for William McKinley's Republican nomination as president. Clayton also led the Republican speakers' bureau for the East Coast. He was appointed as the first ambassador to Mexico by President McKinley when that post was elevated to an embassy post and served until 1905. After resigning as Ambassador of Mexico, he lived in Washington, D.C. but
720-556: A more conservative faction led by Joseph Brooks were known as Brindletails. The power struggle between the groups resulted in the impeachment of Clayton in 1871 and the Brooks-Baxter War . Clayton was elected to the U.S. Senate for Arkansas in March 1871. A U.S. Senate Joint Select Committee investigated him for claims made by his political rivals that he issued fraudulent election credentials during his time as governor. He
800-430: A state law intended to invalidate the anti-discrimination ordinance went into effect July 22, 2015. This Intrastate Commerce Improvement Act , sponsored by state senator Bart Hester , "prohibits cities from passing civil rights ordinances that extend protections beyond those already afforded by state law." In response, the town's mayor stated that they would be "prepared to defend their ordinance in court." Eureka Springs
880-619: Is KESA. The film Pass the Ammo was filmed in the city, with the Auditorium featured in several scenes. There are burn marks still visible on the Auditorium from the film's special effects. The movie Chrystal was filmed in Eureka Springs. Parts of the movie Elizabethtown were filmed in Eureka Springs. The 1982 miniseries The Blue and the Gray was filmed around the area. The SciFi Channel 's reality series Ghost Hunters investigated
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#1732780884678960-570: Is Main Street through the center of Eureka Springs and leads north 11 miles (18 km) to the Missouri state line. The city was founded when the springs at this location were more evident. Over-extraction of water from the springs has greatly diminished their flow rates. All of the more than 140 springs in the town are cold-water springs. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to
1040-512: Is land and 8.7 square miles (23 km ) (1.4%) is water. As of the 2020 United States census , there were 28,260 people, 11,139 households, and 7,497 families residing in the county. As of the 2000 census , there were 25,357 people, 10,189 households, and 7,111 families residing in the county. The population density was 40 people per square mile (15 people/km ). There were 11,828 housing units at an average density of 19 units per square mile (7.3 units/km ). The racial composition of
1120-507: Is located in western Carroll County. The center of the city is in a narrow valley at the headwaters of Leatherwood Creek, a north-flowing tributary of the White River . Houses and streets climb both sides of the valley to the surrounding ridgecrests. U.S. Route 62 runs along a ridgecrest through the southern part of the city and leads east 11 miles (18 km) to Berryville and west 34 miles (55 km) to Rogers . Arkansas Highway 23
1200-549: Is reenacted every year during the antique car parade which is NW Arkansas' longest running car show and was started by Bobby Ball and Frank Green. In 2018 it celebrated its 48th year. Economic decline, racial segregation and discrimination, Klan activities, and collapse of tourism during World War I resulted in a slow decline of the African-American community through the 1920s and 1930s. The AME church disbanded in 1925. Mattie, Alice, and Richard Banks, descendants of
1280-652: Is supported by comprehensive public education from the Eureka Springs School District and its facilities: Private school education is provided at: For over-the-air television, Eureka Springs is served by the market based out of Springfield, Missouri . For cable, the Springfield affiliates can be received as well as a couple of stations in Fayetteville / Fort Smith as well as all four Little Rock stations. The local radio station
1360-486: Is within one or more townships in an Arkansas county based on census maps and publications. The townships of Carroll County are listed below; listed in parentheses are the cities, towns, and/or census-designated places that are fully or partially inside the township. 36°22′05″N 93°29′47″W / 36.36806°N 93.49639°W / 36.36806; -93.49639 Powell Clayton Powell Foulk Clayton (August 7, 1833 – August 25, 1914)
1440-537: The Battle of Helena in Arkansas on July 4, 1863, Clayton was in charge of the cavalry brigade on the right flank of the Union forces. He received commendations for his actions during the battle. In August and September 1863, Clayton's regiment accompanied Major General Frederick Steele 's troops in the campaign against Little Rock . In October 1863, Clayton commanded federal troops occupying Pine Bluff, Arkansas , using
1520-589: The Boone-Murphy House as his headquarters. During the Battle of Pine Bluff , he successfully repulsed a three-pronged Confederate attack of the forces of Brigadier General John S. Marmaduke . During the battle, his troops piled cotton bales around the Jefferson County Courthouse and surrounding streets to make a barricade for the Union defenders. He also made several forays around Little Rock, including to support Steele during
1600-540: The Camden Expedition in the spring of 1864. Clayton was idolized by his men and respected by his enemies. John Edwards , a Confederate officer in Joseph O. Shelby 's command wrote: "Colonel Clayton was an officer of activity and enterprise, clear-headed, quick to conceive, and bold and rapid to execute. His success in the field has caused him...to be considered the ablest Federal commander of Cavalry west of
1680-627: The Köppen Climate Classification system, Eureka Springs has a humid subtropical climate , abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. As of the 2020 United States census , there were 2,166 people, 970 households, and 501 families residing in the city. As of the census of 2000, there were 2,278 people, 1,119 households, and 569 families residing in the city. The population density was 336.2 inhabitants per square mile (129.8/km). There were 1,301 housing units at an average density of 192.0 per square mile (74.1/km). The racial makeup of
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#17327808846781760-657: The National Trust for Historic Preservation . Eureka Springs was originally called "The Magic City", "Little Switzerland of the Ozarks", and later the "Stairstep Town" because of its mountainous terrain and the winding, up-and-down paths of its streets and walkways. It is a tourist destination for its unique character as a Victorian resort, which first attracted visitors to use its then believed healing springs. The city has steep winding streets filled with Victorian-style cottages and manors. The historic commercial downtown of
1840-620: The U.S. Volunteers as a captain of Company E in the 1st Kansas Infantry . During the war he served primarily in Arkansas and Missouri and fought in several battles in those states. In August 1861, Clayton received a commendation for his leadership when his unit saw action in the Battle of Wilson's Creek in Missouri. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the 5th Kansas Cavalry in December 1861 and to colonel in March 1862. At
1920-515: The poverty line , including 20.70% of those under age 18 and 13.60% of those age 65 or over. The Eastern District (Berryville and Green Forest) is heavily Republican. The Western District (Eureka Springs and Beaver) tilts Democratic despite the fact that Holiday Island, a community with a large percentage of relocated snowbirds in the Western District, is overwhelmingly Republican. In presidential elections, Carroll County has voted for
2000-604: The 1890s by the Black community. Segregation increased in the area after the United States Supreme Court ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson , allowing "separate but equal" facilities. African Americans were banned from all springs except Harding Spring. After his term as a Reconstruction -era governor of Arkansas, Republican Powell Clayton moved to the strongly Unionist Eureka Springs in 1872 and began promoting
2080-494: The African-American Fancher family, which had long been associated with the city, continued to reside there until their deaths in 1966, 1969, and 1975, respectively. Opera in the Ozarks at Inspiration Point was founded in 1950. The organization continues to present an annual summer opera festival in Eureka Springs. In 1964, Gerald L.K. Smith began building a religious theme park named Sacred Projects that
2160-473: The Arkansas Republican party. In 1869, Lieutenant Governor James M. Johnson charged Clayton with corruption in the issuance of railroad bonds and misuse of power in his program to suppress violence. The supporters of Johnson, mostly white Republicans from Northwest Arkansas called themselves Liberal Republicans. The Brindletails impeached Clayton in 1871; however, the legislature never heard
2240-706: The Arkansas constitution of 1868 as legal. Democratic President Andrew Johnson (who had succeeded to office following Lincoln's assassination) vetoed it, but the Republican-dominated Congress overrode his veto. The state was readmitted to representation in Congress when Clayton was inaugurated as Governor on July 2, 1868. The new legislature unanimously accepted the Fourteenth Amendment , and Congress declared Arkansas reconstructed. As governor, Clayton faced fierce opposition from
2320-553: The Blind . During Clayton's Reconstruction governorship, the Arkansas Republican party splintered in the face of serious opposition from conservatives. Clayton and his supporters were known locally as "Minstrels", they dominated the Republican party and were able to secure recognition from the National Republican organization and control the federal patronage in the state. This position garnered Clayton few friends at
2400-490: The Confederacy, or provided aid or comfort to the enemy. Although Clayton was not a delegate to the constitutional convention, he did participate in the Republican state nominating convention which was meeting at the same time. Clayton was selected as the Republican gubernatorial nominee and James M. Johnson as the candidate for lieutenant governor. The ratification of the 1868 constitution, providing civil rights and
2480-477: The Crescent Hotel during episode 13 of the second season and found that the claims of ghosts in the hotel are true. While there is no fixed-route transit service in Eureka Springs, intercity bus service is provided by Jefferson Lines in nearby Berryville . Carroll County, Arkansas Carroll County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas . As of the 2020 census , the population
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2560-767: The Democratic candidate only twice since 1952. It voted for Southerners Jimmy Carter in 1976, and Bill Clinton in 1992. Rudd Osage Townships in Arkansas are the divisions of a county. Each township includes unincorporated areas; some may have incorporated cities or towns within part of their boundaries. Arkansas townships have limited purposes in modern times. However, the United States census does list Arkansas population based on townships (sometimes referred to as "county subdivisions" or "minor civil divisions"). Townships are also of value for historical purposes in terms of genealogical research. Each town or city
2640-654: The Mississippi." Clayton was appointed a brigadier general of volunteers on August 1, 1864. When he was mustered out of the service in August 1865, he commanded the cavalry division of the Seventh Army Corps . While still in command at Pine Bluff, Clayton invested in cotton. He acquired enough funds to purchase a plantation in Jefferson County, Arkansas , where he resided after the war. After
2720-700: The Pennsylvania Literary, Scientific, and Military Academy in Bristol, Pennsylvania. He later studied civil engineering in Wilmington. In 1855, he moved to Kansas to work as a surveyor. He speculated in land in Kansas. He entered politics when he successfully ran for the office of city engineer in Leavenworth, Kansas , in either 1859 or 1860. In May 1861 Clayton was formally mustered into
2800-593: The Republicans in the legislature passed many laws to improve Arkansas. State bonds were issued to fund the construction of several railroads throughout the state. The first ever free public school system in Arkansas was initiated during Clayton's governorship. The Clayton administration also established Arkansas Industrial University , the Arkansas School for the Deaf , and relocated the Arkansas School for
2880-618: The Senate. Clayton moved back to Little Rock, Arkansas where he resumed his law practice and supported economic development. In 1882, Clayton established a home at the developing resort town of Eureka Springs in Carroll County in northwestern Arkansas. He and his wife lived in what is now the Crescent Cottage Inn. As president of the Eureka Springs Improvement Company (ESIC), Clayton worked to develop commercial and residential structures, many which still exist. ESIC sponsored
2960-534: The South during Congressional Reconstruction. General Edward Ord was appointed military governor of the Fourth Military District which included Arkansas. The Arkansas legislature was disbanded and Ord called for a constitutional convention. Most of the delegates to the 1868 constitutional convention were Republican since few Democrats could take the " ironclad oath " that they had not served in
3040-505: The US Attorney in Arkansas, and President Ulysses S. Grant to have Judge Isaac C. Parker reassigned from Utah to Fort Smith, Arkansas , a frontier area with a high rate of violence and crime. Parker, the legendary "Hanging Judge," along with U.S. Attorney Clayton, are credited with bringing law and order to the region. In 1877, Clayton lost his Senate seat since the legislature, now dominated by Democrats elected one of their own to
3120-600: The case against him and he withstood the challenge. In January 1871, the Arkansas legislature elected Clayton to the United States Senate which initiated another controversy of Clayton's administration. Clayton did not want to accept the Senate seat and have his political opponent and lieutenant governor James M. Johnson succeed him as governor. Instead, Clayton refused the Senate position and negotiated Johnson's appointment as Secretary of State of Arkansas and replaced Johnson with Ozra Hadley . In March 1871,
3200-426: The charges came from Clayton's bitter political rivals and that the indictment against Clayton had been dropped due to lack of evidence. However, the committee members stated that they required additional time and would issue a final report in the next session of the Senate. In February 1873, the committee issued its final report declaring that the testimony failed to sustain the charges against Clayton and that there
3280-579: The city and its commercial interests. Clayton marketed the town as a retirement community for the wealthy. Eureka Springs soon became known for gracious living and a wealthy lifestyle. In 1882, the Eureka Improvement Company was formed to attract a railroad to the city. With the completion of the railroad, Eureka Springs became a more accessible destination and became known as a vacation resort. In two years, thousands of homes and commercial enterprises were constructed. The Crescent Hotel
Eureka Springs, Arkansas - Misplaced Pages Continue
3360-488: The city has an extensive streetscape of well-preserved Victorian buildings. The buildings are primarily constructed of local stone, built along limestone streets that curve around the hills, and rise and fall with the topography in a five-mile long loop. Some buildings have street-level entrances on more than one floor and other such oddities: the Basin Park Hotel has its front entrances on the floor below first, and
3440-617: The city hosts the annual Eureka Springs Zombie Crawl, one of the largest zombie parades in the country. It's also the home of the Nightmare in the Ozarks Film Festival, which takes place in late October. The May Festival of the Arts is an annual month-long celebration of the arts in Eureka Springs. The Eureka Springs Food and Wine Festival is an annual fall event featuring food and wine. The Eureka Gras Mardi Gras Extravaganza
3520-442: The city was $ 25,547, and the median income for a family was $ 40,341. Males had a median income of $ 27,188 versus $ 17,161 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 18,439. About 4.4% of families and 12.2% of the population were below the poverty line , including 8.7% of those under age 18 and 13.0% of those age 65 or over. Halloween is one of the busiest holidays of the year in Eureka Springs. The weekend before Halloween,
3600-407: The city was 93.94% White , 0.04% Black or African American , 0.70% Native American , 0.79% Asian , 0.09% Pacific Islander , 2.28% from other races , and 2.15% from two or more races. 3.99% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 1,119 households, of which 19.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.4% were married couples living together, 10.9% had
3680-463: The county was 93.63% White , 0.11% Black or African American , 0.88% Native American , 0.41% Asian , 0.08% Pacific Islander , 3.34% from other races , and 1.55% from two or more races. 9.74% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 10.03% reported speaking Spanish at home. There were 10,189 households, out of which 29.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.10% were married couples living together, 8.60% had
3760-634: The development of the Eureka Springs Railroad which was key to making the resort accessible to tourists. The ESIC also built the Crescent Hotel , now one of Eureka Springs' most notable landmarks. A poem on the fireplace in the lobby of the Crescent Hotel is attributed to Clayton. In 1883, Clayton became the president of the Eureka Springs Railway, which provided service to the resort community until 1889, when it
3840-778: The drama production. These include a New Holy Land Tour, featuring a full-scale re-creation of the Tabernacle in the Wilderness; a section of the Berlin Wall ; and a Bible Museum featuring more than 6,000 Bibles. (Items include an original 1611 King James Bible, a leaf from a Gutenberg Bible , and the only Bible signed by all of the original founders of the Gideons .) Isolation and affordable property made Eureka Springs an attractive back-to-the-land destination for hippies , counterculture radicals, and lesbian separatists in
3920-476: The historic Osage Nation , and bands of Delaware and Shawnee peoples also lived in the area before the federal government conducted Indian removal further west. The European Americans also believed that the natural springs had healing powers. After European Americans arrived, they described the waters of the springs as having magical powers. Dr. Alvah Jackson was credited in American history with locating
4000-440: The issue to be beyond its jurisdiction and turned the matter over to the Senate. At Clayton's request, the Senate appointed a special three-member committee to investigate the charges. In June 1872, after interviewing thirty-eight witnesses and generating five thousand pages of transcript, the committee issued a partial report indicating that the testimony appeared to not sustain the charges against Clayton. The committee noted that
4080-602: The late 1960s and 1970s. While first facing resistance from many locals, as businesses were established and increased tourism, so did mutual respect. The accepting environment fostered a network of gay and lesbian business owners, and the town became known as a resort town for LGBT tourism . During the AIDS crisis , community members formed the Ozark AIDS Resources and Service to distribute mutual aid and care. Eureka Springs suffered stronger impacts than other parts of
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#17327808846784160-604: The leaders of the White County, Arkansas chapter of the Ku Klux Klan. Clayton responded aggressively to the emergence of the Klan in Arkansas by declaring martial law in fourteen counties for four months in late 1868 and early 1869. Clayton organized the state militia and placed General Daniel Phillips Upham in charge to help suppress violence throughout the state. During his three-year term as governor, Clayton and
4240-479: The legal election had been held at the authorized polling places and that returns from the others were fraudulent. As governor, Clayton discarded the returns from the fraudulent polling places and certified the candidate who won from the genuine votes. The opposing candidate, Thomas Boles , contested the election and replaced John Edwards in the U.S. House of Representatives in February 1872. The committee judged
4320-754: The legislature again elected Clayton to the U.S. Senate which he accepted this time. He served as chairman on the Committee on Enrolled Bills and on the Committee on Civil Service Retrenchment. In January 1872, the U.S. Senate Joint Select Committee to Inquire into the Condition of the Late Insurrectionary States heard testimony raising questions about Clayton's behavior and integrity as governor. A United States district attorney testified that in April 1871, after Clayton became U.S. Senator,
4400-508: The major spring, and in 1856 claimed that the waters of Basin Spring had cured his eye ailments. Dr. Jackson established a hospital in a local cave during the Civil War and used the waters from Basin Spring to treat his patients. After the war, Jackson marketed the spring waters as "Dr. Jackson's Eye Water". In 1879 Judge J.B. Saunders, a friend of Jackson, claimed that his crippling disease
4480-647: The original, which set Jesus's beating at Herod's court and included a monologue blaming his death on the Jews . It has been seen by an estimated 7.7 million people, which makes it the largest-attended outdoor drama in the United States, according to the Institute of Outdoor Theatre of the University of East Carolina at Greenville, North Carolina. Christian-themed attractions have been added in association with
4560-401: The special nature and quality of its architecture. On May 10, 2014, Eureka Springs became the first city in Arkansas to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples. On May 12, 2015, Eureka Springs passed a Non-Discrimination Ordinance (Ord. 2223), with voters choosing 579 for to 261 against. It became the first city in Arkansas to have such a law to cover LGBT residents and tourists. But
4640-504: The state Republican party level and he faced repeated challenges to his leadership. The affair has become known as the Brooks-Baxter War . In 1868, Joseph Brooks who had been a partner with Clayton in the formation of the Arkansas Republican party, broke with Clayton and formed a faction known as the "Brindletails". Brooks' opposition to Clayton developed partly due to Clayton's increasingly moderate stance toward ex-Confederates but also due to Clayton's displacement of Brooks as leader of
4720-402: The state legislature and nominated two U.S. Senators. However, the Republican-controlled Congress refused to seat them. In March 1867, Congress passed the Reconstruction Acts of 1867 declaring the governments of Arkansas and nine other former Confederate states illegal and requiring those states to adopt new constitutions providing civil rights to freedmen . Military rule was established across
4800-399: The state's conservative political leaders and violence against blacks and members of the Republican party led by the Ku Klux Klan. During this time Arkansas Republican Congressman James Hinds was attacked and killed while on his way to a political event, and Clayton survived an attempt on his life. An agent of Clayton was killed by a group of men led by Dandridge McRae and Jacob Frolich ,
4880-411: The state, and the community lost many leaders and establishments. Architect E. Fay Jones designed Thorncrown Chapel in 1980, and it was selected for the " Twenty-five Year Award " by the American Institute of Architects in 2006. The award recognizes structures that have had significant influence on the profession. The chapel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000 because of
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#17327808846784960-402: The vote to freedmen, produced a furor among Democrats, who adhered to white supremacist beliefs. That Spring the Ku Klux Klan arose in Arkansas, and was responsible for more than 200 murders leading up to the 1868 election. On April 1, 1868, the state board of election commissioners announced ratification of the constitution and Clayton's election as Governor of Arkansas. Congress accepted
5040-423: The war, Clayton became a Companion of the First Class of the Missouri Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States . In 1867, Clayton participated in the formation of the Arkansas Republican party. He entered Arkansas politics due his belief that Unionists needed additional protection after several confrontations with ex-Rebels on his plantation. In 1866, Democrats took control of
5120-575: The war, he married a woman from Arkansas, purchased a plantation and settled in Jefferson County . He was active in the Arkansas Republican Party and became governor after military rule was lifted and the Arkansas state constitution was ratified by Congress. He was viewed as a carpetbagger and implemented martial law in Arkansas for four months due to the rise of the Ku Klux Klan and violence against African-Americans and Republicans. The Arkansas Republican Party splintered during Clayton's governorship. Clayton and his followers were known as Minstrels and
5200-406: Was 1.97 and the average family size was 2.64. In the city the population was spread out, with 17.2% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 33.4% from 45 to 64, and 19.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.2 males. The median income for a household in
5280-418: Was 28,260. The county has two county seats , Berryville and Eureka Springs . Carroll County is Arkansas's 26th county, formed on November 1, 1833, and named after Charles Carroll , the last surviving signer of the United States Declaration of Independence . According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 639 square miles (1,660 km ), of which 630 square miles (1,600 km )
5360-415: Was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 97.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.30 males. The median income for a household in the county was $ 27,924, and the median income for a family was $ 33,218. Males had a median income of $ 21,896 versus $ 18,159 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 16,003. About 11.00% of families and 15.50% of the population were below
5440-482: Was acquitted of these charges. In 1877, the legislature came under the control of Democrats after Reconstruction, who voted to replace Clayton. He returned to Arkansas from Washington, D.C., where he remained active in the Republican National Committee . He helped William McKinley receive the Republican nomination for president in 1896. After McKinley's victory, Clayton was rewarded for his support with an appointment as Ambassador to Mexico. In 1882, Clayton established
5520-414: Was an American politician, diplomat, and businessman who served as the 9th governor of Arkansas from 1868 to 1871, as a Republican United States Senator for Arkansas from 1871 to 1877 and as United States Ambassador to Mexico from 1897 to 1905. During the American Civil War , he served as a senior officer of United States Volunteers and commanded cavalry in the Trans-Mississippi Theater . After
5600-440: Was appointed as the U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Arkansas and served as the chief prosecutor in the court of " hanging judge " Isaac C. Parker for 14 years. John was elected as an Arkansas Congressman, Arkansas State Senator and U.S. Congressman-elect. John was assassinated in 1889 in Plumerville , Arkansas . He had disputed the election results of a Congressional race with Democrat Clifton R. Breckinridge and
5680-441: Was born in Bethel Township, Pennsylvania , to John and Ann (Clarke) Clayton. The Clayton family was descended from early Quaker settlers of Pennsylvania. Clayton's ancestor William Clayton emigrated from Chichester, England , was a personal friend and associate of William Penn , and was appointed as one of nine justices who sat at the Upland Court in 1681. Clayton attended the Forwood School in Wilmington, Delaware and
5760-548: Was built in 1886 and the Basin Park Hotel in 1905. In 1892, the New Orleans Hotel and Spa was built along Spring Street. In the 21st century, it operates as an all-suite hotel, furnished with Victorian furniture and art. These many Victorian buildings have been well preserved, forming a coherent streetscape that has been recognized for its quality. Some continue to be operated for their original purposes others have been adapted for other uses. The Ozarka Water Company
5840-410: Was cured by the spring waters. Saunders started promoting Eureka Springs to friends and family members across the state and created a boomtown. Within a period of little more than one year, the city expanded from a rural spa village to a major city. Within a short time in the late 19th century, Eureka Springs had become a flourishing city, spa and tourist destination. On February 14, 1880, Eureka Springs
5920-483: Was formed in Eureka Springs in 1905. Carrie Nation moved there toward the end of her life, founding Hatchet Hall on Steele Street. The building was later operated as a museum, but is now closed. The only bank robbery to occur in Eureka Springs was on September 27, 1922, when five outlaws from Oklahoma tried to rob the First National Bank. Three of the men were killed and the other two wounded. Today it
6000-704: Was incorporated as a city. Thousands of visitors came to the springs based on Saunders's promotion, and covered the area with tents and shanties. In 1881, Eureka Springs enjoyed the status of Arkansas's fourth-largest city, and by 1889 it had become the second largest city, behind Little Rock . Early African-American residents were freedmen who had moved to the city from farms where they were previously enslaved. Some visited for employment or for health benefits and stayed. During decades of segregation, Black-owned hotels were available for Black visitors, who were prohibited from whites-only lodging. A school and African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Pilgrim's Chapel were established in
6080-534: Was introduced in 2006, and features a New Orleans-style Mardi Gras celebration, parades, and masquerade balls . King's Day, in January, begins the celebration, which ends on the day of Mardi Gras, in February or March. There are four annual gay and lesbian events called "Diversity Weekends", and a week long PRIDE celebration in June. The city also holds an annual UFO conference and several auto shows. The community
6160-566: Was merged into what became the Missouri and North Arkansas Railroad . The now-defunct railroad line provided passenger and freight service from Joplin , Missouri , to Helena in Phillips County in eastern Arkansas. Clayton remained active in the Republican Party. He became a member of the Republican National Committee in 1872 and was still consulted to fill federal patronage positions through 1912. In 1896 and 1897, as
6240-419: Was no evidence that he had any fraudulent intent in certifying the election of Edwards as directed by the state supreme court. The Senate voted 33 to 6 to accept the committee's findings. Nine senators, mostly Democrats, abstained from voting on the grounds that they were not given enough time to sufficiently review all of the testimony. While in the Senate, Clayton appealed to his brother, W. H. H. Clayton ,
6320-469: Was proposed to include a life size recreation of Jerusalem . The project never fully developed but two of the components are major city-defining projects today—the seven-story Christ of the Ozarks statue designed by Emmet Sullivan and the nearby The Great Passion Play performed during the summer. It is regularly performed from May through October by a cast of 170 actors and dozens of live animals. The script of The Great Passion Play has been altered from
6400-607: Was still able to manage multiple businesses and enterprises in Arkansas. He continued to do this, as well as preserving his status in the Republican party. He died in Washington, D.C. , on August 25, 1914, and was interred at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia . On December 14, 1865, Clayton married Adaline McGraw of Helena, Arkansas . Together they had three daughters and two sons although one son died in early infancy. Their son, Powell Clayton, Jr., became
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