Misplaced Pages

#417582

88-456: Flaminian was a 2,699- gross register ton  (GRT) cargo ship that was built in 1917 by W Harkness & Sons Ltd, Middlesbrough , Yorkshire , United Kingdom for Ellerman & Papayanni Lines . She was sold in 1944 to the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) in 1944, converted to a cable storage hulk for Operation Pluto and renamed Empire Flaminian . Renamed Flaminian in 1946, she

176-579: A Jewish visitor, L.A. Frankl , found sixty-five Jewish families living in Jaffa, 'about 400 soul in all.' Of these four were shoemakers, three tailors, one silversmith and one watchmaker. There were also merchants and shopkeepers and 'many live by manual labour, porters, sailors, messengers, etc.' Until the mid-19th century, Jaffa's orange groves were mainly owned by Arabs, who employed traditional methods of farming. The pioneers of modern agriculture in Jaffa were American settlers, who brought in farm machinery in

264-907: A cargo of oranges, she sailed on 21 February with Convoy MKS 40G, which rendezvoused at sea with Convoy SL 149 on 22 February. The combined convoy arrived at Liverpool on 7 March. She left the convoy at Loch Ewe on 6 March and joined Convoy WN 554, which arrived at Methil on 9 March. She then joined Convoy FS 1386, which sailed that day and arrived at Southend two days later. She arrived at the Tyne on 10 March. Flaminian sailed on 24 March to join Convoy FS 1401, which had departed from Methil that day and arrived at Southend on 26 March. She sailed on 2 April with Convoy FN 1315, which arrived at Methil on 4 April. She arrived at Middlesbrough on 3 April, sailing on 8 April to join Convoy FS 1416, which had dailed from Methil that day and arrived at Southend on 10 April. Flaminian

352-404: A few tents covered with reeds, where pilgrims seek shelter from the heat of the sun. The sea enters the town, forming a poor and shallow harbor: it is dangerous to remain there long for fear of being driven onshore by a gust of wind. When any pilgrims disembark there, interpreters and other officers of the sultan instantly hasten to ascertain their numbers, to serve them as guides, and to receive, in

440-474: A heap of ruins when he visited in 1598. Botanist and traveller Leonhard Rauwolf landed near the site of the town on 13 September 1575 and wrote "we landed on the high, rocky shore where the town of Joppe did stand formerly, at this time the town was so demolished that there was not one house to be found." (p. 212, Rauwolf, 1582) The 17th century saw the beginning of the re-establishment of churches and hostels for Christian pilgrims en route to Jerusalem and

528-611: A member of Convoy FN 200, which arrived at Methil , Fife on 22 June. She left the convoy and put into Sunderland, County Durham on 21 June. She sailed on 13 July to join Convoy FN221, which had departed from Southend the previous day and arrived at Methil on 15 July. She then joined Convoy OA 186, which departed from Methin on 18 July and dispersed at sea on 21 July. She arrived at New York , United States on 5 August. Flaminian sailed on 10 August for Sydney , Cape Breton Island , Nova Scotia , Canada. She arrived on 14 August. She

616-406: A migration period of 12 years to ensure that ships were given reasonable economic safeguards, since port and other dues are charged according to ship's tonnage. Since 18 July 1994 the gross and net tonnages, dimensionless indices calculated from the total moulded volume of the ship and its cargo spaces by mathematical formulae , have been the only official measures of the ship's tonnage. However,

704-685: A naturally elevated outcrop on the Mediterranean coastline. Excavations at Jaffa indicate that the city was settled as early as the Early Bronze Age . The city is referenced in several ancient Egyptian and Assyrian documents. Biblically, Jaffa is noted as one of the boundaries of the tribe of Dan and as a port through which Lebanese cedars were imported for the construction of the Temple in Jerusalem . Under Persian rule, Jaffa

792-676: A period of Babylonian occupation , under Persian rule , Jaffa was governed by Phoenicians from Tyre. Jaffa is not mentioned in Alexander the Great 's coastal campaign, but during the Wars of the Diadochi , Antigonus Monophthalmus captured Jaffa in 315 BCE. Ptolemy I Soter later destroyed it in 312 BCE. Despite this, Jaffa was resettled and became a Ptolemaic mint site in the third century BCE. Archaeological evidence from this period includes

880-443: A pirate base. In the 3rd century CE, Jaffa was known by the name Flavia Ioppe , potentially indicating an honorary designation under Flavian rule . Despite the devastation and loss of life during the revolt, Jaffa maintained a Jewish population. Inscriptions from the early 2nd century indicate Jewish involvement in local governance. Further evidence includes Jewish epitaphs dating from the 3rd to 6th centuries, some from members of

968-533: A three-year truce between the two armies. In 1229, Frederick II signed a ten-year truce in a new Treaty of Jaffa . He fortified the castle of Jaffa and had two inscriptions carved into city wall, one Latin and the other Arabic. The inscription, deciphered in 2011, describes him as the "Holy Roman Emperor" and bears the date "1229 of the Incarnation of our Lord Jesus the Messiah." In March 1268, Baibars ,

SECTION 10

#1732771870418

1056-705: A voyage from Fredrikstad , Norway to Liverpool , Lancashire . By the late 1920s, Flaminian was operating between Liverpool and ports on the Mediterranean Sea . She sailed from Liverpool on 24 August 1929 for Malta and Alexandria , Egypt . In 1934, Flaminian was assigned the Code Letters GRBV. She was still serving the Mediterranean at this time, sailing from Liverpool for İzmir and Istanbul , Turkey in March 1934. This continued in

1144-531: A watchtower and numerous stamped amphora handles. Additionally, the city is mentioned in several Zeno papyri . The area was transferred to Seleucid control after the Battle of Paneas in 198 BCE. Around 163–162 BCE, during the Maccabean revolt , the inhabitants of Jaffa invited the local Jews onto boats, subsequently sinking them and drowning hundreds. In retaliation, Judas Maccabeus attacked Jaffa, setting

1232-478: Is a large harbour frequented by all the ships coming to Filastin, and from it they set sail to all lands. Between it and Ar Ramlah the distance is 6 miles, and it lies west of Ar Ramlah." In 1432, Bertrandon de la Broquière observed that Jaffa was in ruins, with only a few tents standing. He wrote: "At Jaffa, the pardons commence for pilgrims to the Holy Land ... at present, it is entirely destroyed, having only

1320-506: Is debated, given the term leistai (pirates) was often used pejoratively in this period. Jaffa was annexed to Syria by Pompey but later restored to Judaea by Julius Caesar , reaffirming Jewish access to the sea through their traditional port. In 39 BCE, Herod captured Jaffa from Antigonus , though control fluctuated until Octavian returned it to Herod after the defeat of Antony and Cleopatra . After Herod's death, Jaffa, along with Strato's Tower (Caesarea), Sebaste , and Jerusalem,

1408-731: Is made to Jose ben Halafta (2nd century) traveling through Jaffa. Jaffa seems to have attracted serious Jewish scholars in the 4th and 5th century. The Jerusalem Talmud (compiled 4th and 5th century) in Moed Ketan references Rabi Akha bar Khanina of Jaffa; and in Pesachim chapter 1 refers to Rabi Pinchas ben Yair of Jaffa. The Babylonian Talmud (compiled 5th century) in Megillah 16b mentions Rav Adda Demin of Jaffa. Leviticus Rabbah (compiled between 5th and 7th century) mentions Rav Nachman of Jaffa. The Pesikta Rabbati (written in

1496-730: Is not a measure of the ship's weight or displacement and should not be confused with terms such as deadweight tonnage or displacement . Gross register tonnage was defined by the Moorsom Commission in 1849. Gross and net register tonnages were replaced by gross tonnage and net tonnage , respectively, when the International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted The International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships on 23 June 1969. The new tonnage regulations entered into force for all new ships on 18 July 1982, but existing vessels were given

1584-646: The Canaanite city, where the soldiers emerged and conquered it. The story predates the story of the Trojan horse , as told by Homer , by at least two centuries. The city is also mentioned in the Amarna letters under its Egyptian name Ya-Pho ( Ya-Pu, EA 296, l.33 ). The city was under Egyptian rule until around 1200 BCE. In the Hebrew Bible , Jaffa is depicted as the northernmost Philistine city, bordering

1672-696: The Council of Ephesus in 431 CE. A very small number of its Greek or Latin bishops are known. Early Christian texts describe Jaffa as a modest settlement, with varying accounts of its prosperity and state of preservation. The New Testament account of Saint Peter bringing back to life the widow Dorcas (recorded in Acts of the Apostles , 9:36–42 , takes place in Jaffa, then called in Greek Ἰόππη ( Latinized as Joppa ). Acts 10:10–23 relates that, while Peter

1760-574: The Israelite territories – more specifically those of Tribe of Dan (hence the modern term " Gush Dan " for the center of the coastal plain). The Israelites did not manage to take Jaffa from the Philistines. Jaffa is mentioned four times in the Hebrew Bible : as the northernmost Philistine city by the coast, bordering the territory of the Tribe of Dan ( Joshua 19:46 ); as port-of-entry for

1848-595: The Mahmoudiya Mosque and the public fountain known as Sabil Abu Nabbut . During the 1834 Peasants' revolt in Palestine , Jaffa was besieged for forty days by "mountaineers" in revolt against Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt . In 1820, Isaiah Ajiman of Istanbul built a synagogue and hostel for the accommodation of Jews on their way to their four holy cities - Jerusalem, Hebron , Tiberias and Safed . This area became known as Dar al-Yehud (Arabic for "the house of

SECTION 20

#1732771870418

1936-645: The Solent on 17 April to join Convoy BTC 129, which had departed from Milford Haven on 15 April and arrived at Southend on 18 April. She sailed from Southend on 30 April and anchored in The Downs . Empire Flaminian departed from The Downs on 21 August for London , arriving later that day. On 25 September, she was laid up in the River Blackwater, Essex . Empire Flaminian departed on 29 October. She

2024-527: The cedars of Lebanon for Solomon's Temple ( 2 Chronicles 2:16 ); as the place whence the prophet Jonah embarked for Tarshish ( Jonah 1:3 ); and again as port-of-entry for the cedars of Lebanon for the Second Temple of Jerusalem ( Ezra 3:7 ). In the late 8th century BCE, Sennacherib , king of Assyria , recorded conquering Jaffa from its sovereign, the Philistine king of Ashkelon . After

2112-537: The diaspora , along with references in Talmudic sources to scholars associated with Jaffa. Archaeological findings from the 2nd and 3rd centuries reveal structures destroyed by fire, possibly linked to regional unrest. During the first centuries of Christianity , Jaffa was a fairly unimportant Roman and Byzantine locality, which only in the 5th century became a bishopric . The new religion arrived in Jaffa relatively late, not appearing in historical records until

2200-673: The 1192 Battle of Jaffa and subsequent Treaty of Jaffa , a truce between Richard the Lionheart and Saladin , as well as a later 1229 peace treaty . In 1799, Napoleon also sacked the town in the Siege of Jaffa , and in the First World War the British took the city in the 1917 Battle of Jaffa , and under their watch, as part of Mandatory Palestine , ethnic tensions culminated in the 1921 Jaffa riots . As an Arab majority city in

2288-547: The 1850s and 1860s, followed by the Templers and the Jews. From the 1880s, real estate became an important branch of the economy. A 'biarah' (a watered garden) cost 100,000 piastres and annually produced 15,000, of which the farming costs were 5,000: 'A very fair percentage return on the investment.' Water for the gardens was easily accessible with wells between ten and forty feet deep. Jaffa's citrus industry began to flourish in

2376-488: The 9th century) in chapter 17 mentions R. Tanchum of Jaffa. Several streets and alleys of the Jaffa Flea Market area are named after these scholars. In 636 Jaffa was conquered by Arabs. Under Islamic rule, it served as a port of Ramla , then the provincial capital. Al-Muqaddasi ( c.  945 /946 – 991) described Yafah as "lying on the sea, is but a small town, although the emporium of Palestine and

2464-527: The Clyde on 20 July to join Convoy OG 87, which had departed from Milford Haven the previous day and arrived at Gibraltar on 3 August. She was carrying PoW mails bound for Lisbon, which was reached on 2 August. She sailed on 25 August, arriving at Gibraltartwo days later. Carrying general cargo and mercury , Flaminian departed on 29 August with Convoy HG 88, which arrived at Liverpool on 9 September. She left

2552-651: The Clyde on 25 June. She left the convoy t Oban on 23 June, sailing on 25 June to join Convoy OG 66, which had departed from Liverpool the previous day and arrived at Gibraltar on 8 July. Flaminian departed on 26 July for Lisbon , Portugal and sailing from there on 4 August for Gibraltar, which was reached two days later. Carrying general cargo, she sailed on 9 August with Convoy HG 70, which arrived at Liverpool on 23 August. Flaminian sailed with Convoy OS 6 on 12 September. She arrived at Freetown on 3 October. She departed on 23 October for Monrovia , Liberia, from where she sailed on 25 October for Takoradi , Gold Coast , which

2640-594: The Clyde on 26 February and arrived at Bône on 11 March. She left the convoy at Lisbon, arriving on 7 March. She sailed on 4 April for Oporto , Portugal, arriving three days later. She sailed on 19 April, arriving at Gibraltar two days later. Flaminian sailed with Convoy KMS 13 on 26 April. The convoy reached Bône on 29 April, but she put into Algiers on 28 April. She sailed on 11 May to join Convoy ET 20, which had departed from Bône two days earlier and arrived at Gibraltar on 14 May. She sailed on 28 May for Lisbon, arriving

2728-616: The Clyde that day and arrived at Methil on 21 April. She then joined Concoy FS 470, which sailed on 22 April and arrived at Southend two days later. She left the convoy and put into the Tyne on 23 April. Flaminian departed from the Tyne on 3 May for Middlesbrough, arriving later that day. She later joined Convoy FN 481, which departed from Southend on 17 June and arrived at Methil two days later. She sailed on 21 June to join Convoy EC 35, which had departed from Southend on 19 June and arrived at

SS Flaminian (1917) - Misplaced Pages Continue

2816-546: The Galilee. During the 18th century, the coastline around Jaffa was often besieged by pirates and this led to the inhabitants relocating to Ramla and Lod , where they relied on messages from a solitary guard house to inform them when ships were approaching the harbour. The landing of goods and passengers was notoriously difficult and dangerous. Until well into the 20th century, ships had to rely on teams of oarsmen to bring their cargo ashore. On 7 March 1799, Napoleon captured

2904-454: The Jews"); and was the basis of the Jewish community in Jaffa. The appointment of Mahmud Aja as Ottoman governor marked the beginning of a period of stability and growth for the city, interrupted by the 1832 conquest of the city by Muhammad Ali of Egypt . By 1839, at least 153 Sephardic Jews were living in Jaffa. The community was served for fifty years by Rabbi Yehuda HaLevi miRagusa . In

2992-580: The Ottoman era, Jaffa became known starting from the 19th century for its expansive orchards and fruits, including its namesake Jaffa orange . It was also a Palestinian hub for journalism in Mandatory Palestine in the 20th century, where Falastin and Al-Difa' newspapers were established. After the 1948 Palestine War , most of its Arab population fled or were expelled , and the city became part of then newly established state of Israel, and

3080-558: The Roman and Byzantine periods. Archaeological remains from the Roman period are mainly found near the harbor, including rich finds like terra sigillata , a bread or cheese stamp, and coins. In the early stages of the First Jewish–Roman War in 66 CE, Cestius Gallus sent forces to Jaffa, where the city was destroyed and its inhabitants indiscriminately killed. Josephus writes that 8,400 inhabitants were massacred. Subsequently,

3168-496: The Seine Bay the previous day and arrived at Southend that day. She sailed from Southend on 4 November with Convoy FN 1531, which arrived at Methil on 6 November. Empire Flaminian put into Hull, where she arrived on 6 November. Empire Flaminian sailed on 25 February 1945 to join Convoy FS 1739, which had departed from Methil that day and arrived at Southend on 27 February. Her next movements are not recorded, but she sailed from

3256-494: The accumulation of debris and landfill over the centuries, made the hill even higher. The city as such was established at the latest around 1800 BCE. Jaffa is mentioned in an Ancient Egyptian letter from 1440 BCE. The so-called story of the Taking of Joppa glorifies its conquest by Pharaoh Thutmose III , whose general, Djehuty , hid Egyptian soldiers in sacks carried by pack animals and sent them camouflaged as tribute into

3344-404: The afternoon, the prisoners of Jaffa were marched off in the midst of a vast square phalanx formed by the troops of General Bon... The Turks, walking along in total disorder, had already guessed their fate and appeared not even to shed any tears... When they finally arrived in the sand dunes to the south-west of Jaffa, they were ordered to halt beside a pool of yellowish water. The officer commanding

3432-537: The blessed minaret, as well as the gate of this mosque...in the year 666 of the Hijra [1268 CE]. May God have mercy upon him and upon all Muslims. Abu'l-Fida (1273–1331), writing in 1321, described "Yafa, in Filastin" as "a small but very pleasant town lying on the sea-shore. It has a celebrated harbour. The town of Yafa is well fortified. Its markets are much frequented, and many merchants ply their trades here. There

3520-528: The bodies of those already dead had to be pulled away so as to finish off those unfortunate beings who, concealed under this awful and terrible wall of bodies, had not yet been struck down. Many more died in an epidemic of bubonic plague that broke out soon afterwards. Residential life in the city was reestablished in the early 19th century. The governor who was appointed after the devastation brought about by Napoleon, Muhammad Abu-Nabbut , commenced wide-ranging building and restoration work in Jaffa, including

3608-454: The city was resettled by Jews expelled from neighboring regions, who used it to disrupt maritime commerce between Egypt and Syria . As the Romans, led by Vespasian , approached Jaffa, those Jews fled to sea but were devastated by a storm, killing 4,200 people. Those who reached shore were killed by the Romans, who subsequently destroyed Jaffa again and stationed troops to prevent its reuse as

SS Flaminian (1917) - Misplaced Pages Continue

3696-567: The city. During the operations of Antiochus VII Sidetes in Judaea, he demanded the surrender of Jaffa among other cities. Simon negotiated a settlement by agreeing to pay a smaller tribute. Simon's capture of Jaffa is praised in 1 Maccabees because of the city's strategic importance as a port. In the Hasmonean period, the city was fortified and served as the main port of Judaea. Under Hasmonean king Alexander Jannaeus (103 – 76 BCE), Jaffa

3784-663: The convoy and arrived in the Clyde that day. Carrying general cargo, Flaminian sailed on 6 November to join Convoy OS 58KM, which had departed from Liverpool the previous day and split at sea on 18 November to form Convoy OS 58 and Convoy KMS 32. She was in the part of the convoy that formed Convoy KMS 32 and arrived at Gibraltar the next day. She sailed on 21 November for Lisbon, arriving two days later. Flaminian departed on 8 December, reaching Gibraltar on 10 December. She sailed three days later for Málaga , Spain, arriving on 16 December and sailing four days later for Gibraltar, which

3872-469: The convoy at Hull , Yorkshire on 28 September. On 19 October, Flaminian sailed to join Convoy FN 316, which departed from Southend on 23 October and arrived at Methil on 25 October. She was carrying general cargo. She joined Convoy EN 12/1, which sailed on 26 October and arrived at Oban , Argyllshire on 30 October. Flaminian collided with a Royal Navy destroyer on 27 October and detached from

3960-477: The convoy at Preston, Lancashire , arriving that day. She sailed on 25 September for the short voyage to Liverpool. Flaminian sailed on 21 October to join Convoy KX 4A, which departed from the Clyde the next day and arrived at Gibraltar on 4 November. She left the convoy and put into the Clyde, arriving on 23 October. Flaminian sailed with Convoy KX 5 on 30 October, reaching Gibraltar on 10 November. She left

4048-1175: The convoy at Lisbon, arriving on 8 November. Flaminian sailed on 12 December to join Convoy MKS 3Y, which had departed from Philippeville, Algeria on 6 December and arrived at Liverpool on 23 December. She left the Convoy at Loch Ewe on 24 December, sailing on 29 December as a member of Convoy WN 378, which reached Methil on 2 January 1943. Southend was reached on 5 January via Convoy FS 1003. Flaminian departed from Southend on 27 January 1943 with Convoy FN 929, which reached Methil two days later. She then joined Convoy EN 193, which departed from Methil on 5 February and arrived at Loch Ewe on 7 February. She sailed on to Holyhead , Anglesey , arriving on 9 February and sailing that day with Convoy HM 117. She arrived at Milford Haven on 10 February. She sailed with Convoy KX 9 on 16 February. The convoy reached Gibraltar on 24 February but Flaminian put back in to Milford Haven, arriving on 17 February. She sailed on 25 February to join Convoy KMS 10G, which departed from

4136-600: The convoy, arriving at Oban on 29 October. She sailed for the Clyde on 5 November, arriving the next day. Flaminian sailed on 17 November to join Convoy OB 244, which had departed from Liverpool that day and dispersed at sea on 22 November. She was bound for Barbados , which was reached on 10 December. She sailed the next day for Trinidad , arriving on 12 December. Flaminian departed from Trinidad on 17 December for Demerara , British Guiana , arriving on 20 December. She sailed for Trinidad on 29 December and arrived back there

4224-687: The early 1850s, HaLevi leased an orchard to Clorinda S. Minor , founder of a Christian messianic community that established Mount Hope, a farming initiative to encourage local Jews to learn manual trades, which the Messianics did in order to pave wave for the Second Coming of Jesus. In 1855, the British Jewish philanthropist Moses Montefiore bought the orchard from HaLevi, although Minor continued to manage it. American missionary Ellen Clare Miller, visiting Jaffa in 1867, reported that

4312-455: The faith of His Prophet...Sultan of Islam and the Muslims, Baybars...who came out with his victorious army on the 10th of the month of Rajab from the land of Egypt, resolved to carry out jihad and combat the intransigent infidels . He camped in the port city of Jaffa in the morning and conquered it, by God's will, in the third hour of that day. Then he ordered the erection of the dome over

4400-537: The gross and net register tonnages are still widely used in describing older ships. Jaffa Jaffa ( Hebrew : יָפוֹ , romanized :  Yāfō , pronounced [jaˈfo] ; Arabic : يَافَا , romanized :  Yāfā , pronounced [ˈjaːfaː] ), also called Japho , Joppa or Joppe in English, is an ancient Levantine port city which is part of Tel Aviv-Yafo , Israel , located in its southern part. The city sits atop

4488-513: The harbor is reputed to have been the place where Andromeda was rescued by Perseus. Pliny the Elder associated the name with Iopa, daughter of Aeolus , god of the wind. The medieval Arab geographer al-Muqaddasi referred to it as Yaffa . Ancient Jaffa was built on a 40 metres (130 ft) high kurkar sandstone ridge, with a broad view of the coastline, giving it a strategic importance in military history. The tell of Jaffa, created through

SECTION 50

#1732771870418

4576-492: The harbor on fire, destroying ships, and killing many inhabitants, though he did not attempt to hold the city. By 147 – 146 BCE, his brother Jonathan Apphus expelled the garrison of Seleucid king Demetrius II from Jaffa but did not conquer the city. In 143 BCE, Simon Thassi established a garrison in Jaffa, expelled the non-Jewish inhabitants to prevent them from collaborating with the Seleucid commander Tryphon, and fortified

4664-417: The last quarter of the 19th century. E.C. Miller records that 'about ten million' oranges were being exported annually, and that the town was surrounded by 'three or four hundred orange gardens, each containing upwards of one thousand trees'. Shamuti or Shamouti oranges, aka " Jaffa oranges ", were the major crop, but citrons , lemons and mandarin oranges were also grown. Jaffa had a reputation for producing

4752-537: The late 1880s. The most successful enterprises were metalworking factories, among them the machine shop run by the Templers that employed over 100 workers in 1910. Other factories produced orange-crates, barrels, corks, noodles, ice, seltzer, candy, soap, olive oil, leather, alkali, wine, cosmetics and ink. Most of the newspapers and books printed in Ottoman Palestine were published in Jaffa . In 1859,

4840-480: The name of their master, the customary tribute." In 1515, Jaffa was conquered by the Ottoman sultan Selim I . In the census of 1596, it appeared located in the nahiya of Ramla in the liwa of Gaza . It had a population of 15 households, all Muslim . They paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3 % on various products; a total of 7,520 akçe . The traveller Jean Cotwyk (Cotovicus) described Jaffa as

4928-507: The next day and then sailing to Famagusta , Cyprus , where she arrived on 8 January. Flaminian sailed the next day for Limassol , arriving on 10 January. She departed on 17 January for Famagusta, which was reached later that day. She sailed on 20 January for Gibraltar, arriving on 30 January. Flaminian was a member of Convoy HG 17, which departed from Gibraltar on 1 February and arrived at Liverpool on 11 February. Carrying general cargo, she arrived at The Downs on 12 February. Flaminian

5016-634: The next day as a member of Convoy FS 686, which arrived at Southend on 31 December. She left the convoy on 31 December and put into Hull. Carryig cargo described as "government stores", Flaminian sailed from Hull on 16 February 1942 to Join Convoy FN 634, which departed from Southend the next day and arrived at Methil on 19 February. She then joined Convoy EN 49, which sailed on 20 February, arriving at Oban three days later. She sailed on 24 February to join Convoy OG 80, which had departed from Milford Haven on 22 February and arrived at Gibraltar on 8 March. Flaminian sailed on 7 April for Burriana , Spain, arriving

5104-576: The next day for Famagusta, where she arrived the next day. She departed the same day for Limmasol, where she arrived on 7 April. She sailed that day for Alexandria, arriving on 8 April. She departed on 13 April for Gibraltar, where she arrived on 23 April. Flaminian was a member of Convoy HG 28F, which sailed from Gibraltar on 26 April and arrived at Liverpool on 5 May. She was carrying cotton and general cargo. Flaminian sailed on 15 June with Convoy OB 168, which formed Convoy OG 34F on 17 June. She arrived at Southend on 18 June. She sailed two days later as

5192-676: The next day, returning the following day with Convoy ETC 48, which arrived at the Seine Bay on 26 July. She sailed on 28 July with Convoy FTC 50, which arrived at Southend the next day. Empire Flaminian left the convoy at the Cowes Roads . Empire Flaminian departed from the St Helens Roads on 6 October with Convoy FTC 30A, which arrived at Southend the next day. She put into Newhaven, East Sussex on 6 October, sailing on 9 October to join Convoy FTC 32A, which had departed from

5280-492: The next day. Flaminian departed from Trinidad on 3 January 1941 for Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands , arriving two days later. She then sailed to Grenada , from where she departed on 6 January for Bermuda , which was reached on 13 January. She sailed on 24 January for Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada , arriving on 29 January. Flaminian sailed on 8 February with Convoy SC 22, which arrived at Liverpool on 28 February. She

5368-521: The next day. Flaminian departed on 11 June to join Convoy SL 130MK, which had formed at sea that day and arrived at Liverpool on 21 June. Flaminian sailed on 17 August as a member of Convoy KMS 24G, which arrived at Gibraltar on 30 August. Her destination was Lisbon, which was reached on 29 August. She sailed on 18 September, reaching Gibraltar two days later. She sailed on 25 September with Convoy MKS 25G, which reached Liverpool on 8 October. She left

SECTION 60

#1732771870418

5456-638: The next day. She departed for Liverpool on 1 December, arriving two days later. Flaminian then joined Convoy OB 50, which became Convoy OB 10 on 13 December. The convoy arrived at Gibraltar on 18 December. Flaminian was carrying general cargo bound for Casablanca , Morocco . where she arrived on 18 December. She sailed the next day for Malta , arriving on 25 December. She sailed two days later for Jaffa , Mandatory Palestine , arriving on 1 January 1940. Flaminian departed from Jaffa later that day for Haifa , Palestine, where she arrived on 2 January 1940. She sailed on 6 January for Beirut , Lebanon , arriving

5544-589: The next day. She departed on 11 April, reaching Gibraltar three days later. Flaminian was a member of Convoy HG 82, which sailed on 27 April and reached Liverpool on 8 May. She left the convoy at the Belfast Lough on 7 May to join Convoy BB 172, which sailed on 9 May and arrived at Milford Haven the next day. Flaminian sailed on to Bristol , Gloucestershire , arriving on 11 May. Flaminian departed from Bristol on 13 May, arriving at Swansea , Glamorgan

5632-414: The next day. She sailed on 19 May and reached Milford Haven on 20 May. She departed that day as a member of Convoy OG 84, which arrived at Gibraltar on 2 June. She left the convoy and put into Lisbon, arriving on 2 June. She sailed for Gibraltar on 27 June, arriving two days later. Flaminian was a member of Convoy HG 85, which sailed on 30 June and arrived at Liverpool on 12 July. Flaminian departed from

5720-630: The port of Ar-Ramlah . It is protected by a strong wall with iron gates, and the sea-gates also are of iron. The mosque is pleasant to the eye, and overlooks the sea. The harbour is excellent". Jaffa was captured in June 1099 during the First Crusade , and was the centre of the County of Jaffa and Ascalon , one of the vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem . One of its counts, John of Ibelin , wrote

5808-429: The principal book of the Assizes of the Kingdom of Jerusalem . Saladin conquered Jaffa in 1187. The city surrendered to King Richard the Lionheart on 10 September 1191, three days after the Battle of Arsuf . Despite efforts by Saladin to reoccupy the city in the July 1192 Battle of Jaffa , the city remained in the hands of the Crusaders. On 2 September 1192, the Treaty of Jaffa was formally signed, guaranteeing

5896-420: The sultan of the Egyptian Mamluks , conquered Jaffa simultaneously with conquering Antioch . Baibars's goal was to conquer Christian crusader strongholds . An inscription from the White Mosque of Ramla , today visible in the Great Mosque of Gaza , commemorates the event: In the name of God the Merciful, the Compassionate ,...gave power to his servant...who has trust in him...who fights for Him and defends

5984-425: The town had a population of "about 5000, 1000 of these being Christians, 800 Jews and the rest Moslems". The city walls were torn down during the 1870s, allowing the city to expand. By the beginning of the 20th century, the population of Jaffa had swelled considerably. A group of Jews left Jaffa for the sand dunes to the north, where in 1909 they held a lottery to divide the lots acquired earlier. The settlement

6072-438: The town in what became known as the Siege of Jaffa , breached its walls, ransacked it, and killed scores of local inhabitants as a reaction to his envoys being brutally killed when delivering an ultimatum of surrender. Napoleon ordered the massacre of thousands of Muslim soldiers who were imprisoned having surrendered to the French. Napoleon's deputy commissioner of war Jacques-François Miot described it thus: On 10 March 1799 in

6160-420: The troops then divided the mass of prisoners into small groups, who were led off to several different points and shot... Finally, of all the prisoners there only remained those who were beside the pool of water. Our soldiers had used up their cartridges, so there was nothing to be done but to dispatch them with bayonets and knives. ... The result ... was a terrible pyramid of dead and dying bodies dripping blood and

6248-638: The years before World War II , with an identical voyage being made in November 1938. Flaminian was probably in port at Liverpool when war was declared against Germany. She departed from Liverpool on 16 September 1939 and sailed to Southampton. She sailed on 24 September, arriving back at Southampton on 13 October. She departed on 21 October and sailed to Fowey , Cornwall , where she arrived on 22 October. Having sailed on 31 October, Flaminian arrived back at Fowey on 8 November. She departed on 16 November for Liverpool, arriving two days later and sailing on 25 November for Belfast , County Down , where she arrived

6336-441: Was a member of Convoy SC 2 , which departed on 25 August and arrived at Liverpool on 10 September. Flaminian was carrying a cargo of grain and steel. She arrived at the Clyde on 10 September. Having unloaded her steel, she departed on 21 September as a member of Convoy WN 17, which arrived at Methil on 25 September. She then joined Convoy FS 292, which departed on 26 September and arrived at Southend on 28 September. Flaminian left

6424-429: Was a member of Convoy OA 105G, which departed from Southend , Essex on 7 March and formed Convoy OG 21 on 10 March, arriving at Gibraltar on 17 March. She was carrying general cargo bound for Alexandria. She sailed from Gibraltar on 20 March, arriving at Malta on 24 March and sailing four days later for Alexandria, where she arrived on 1 April. Flaminian sailed three days later for Haifa, arriving on 5 April and sailing

6512-417: Was assigned to Archelaus ' ethnarchy in Judaea. The construction of Herod's superior harbor at Caesarea diminished Jaffa's regional importance. Josephus's accounts indicate that Jaffa had city status, administering surrounding districts, reflecting continued regional significance. However, he adds that the harbor at Jaffa was inferior to that of Caesarea . The population of the city during this period

6600-442: Was carrying general cargo, rum and sugar , some of which caught fire and she left the convoy, arriving at St. John's , Newfoundland on 15 February. She sailed for Halifax three days later, arriving on 23 February. Flaminian joined Convoy SC 27, which sailed on 30 March and arrived at Liverpool on 18 April. She was carrying general cargo. She left the convoy at Loch Ewe on 17 April and joined Convoy WN 116, which had sailed from

6688-569: Was given to the Phoenicians . The city features in the biblical story of Jonah and the Greek legend of Andromeda . Later, the city served as the major port of Hasmonean Judea . However, its importance declined during the Roman period due to the construction of Caesarea . Jaffa was contested during the Crusades , when it presided over the County of Jaffa and Ascalon . It is associated with

6776-574: Was in Jaffa, he had a vision of a large sheet filled with "clean" and "unclean" animals being lowered from heaven, together with a message from the Holy Spirit telling him to accompany several messengers to Cornelius in Caesarea Maritima . Peter retells the story of his vision in Acts 11:4–17 , explaining how he had come to preach Christianity to the gentiles . In Midrash Tanna'im in its chapter Deuteronomy 33:19 , reference

6864-504: Was known at first as Ahuzat Bayit, but an assembly of its residents changed its name to Tel Aviv in 1910. Other Jewish suburbs to Jaffa had already been founded since 1887 , with others following until the Great War . In 1904, rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook (1864–1935) moved to Ottoman Palestine and took up the position of Chief Rabbi of Jaffa. In the 19th century, Jaffa was best known for its soap industry. Modern industry emerged in

6952-571: Was launched on 21 January 1917 and completed in July 1917. The Code Letters JQRV and United Kingdom Official Number 140521 were allocated. Her port of registry was Liverpool . Flaminian sailed on routes between the United Kingdom and South Africa . She made a voyage from Table Bay to Southampton , Hampshire in 1919, and from Port Natal to the Clyde in 1920. Later that year, she made

7040-481: Was one of several coastal cities controlled by the Jews, including Straton's Tower , Apollonia , Iamnia , and Gaza . Archaeological evidence from this period is limited but includes remnants of walls, tombs from the early first century BCE, and hoards of coins. Incidents of piracy before the Roman conquest are mentioned by Josephus , who accused Aristobulus of instigating raids and acts of piracy. These claims are echoed by Diodorus and Strabo, though their reliability

7128-504: Was predominantly Jewish. Strabo , writing in the early 1st century CE, describes Jaffa as a location from which it is possible to see Jerusalem , the capital of the Jews, and writes that the Jews used it as their naval arsenal when they descended to the sea. Excavations suggest urban expansion during the Hellenistic period under Ptolemaic rule, followed by contraction under Seleucid and early Roman rule, and renewed expansion later in

7216-509: Was propelled by a 226 nhp triple expansion steam engine , which had cylinders of 20¼ inches (60 cm), 34½ inches (95 cm) and 59 inches (150 cm) diameter by 42 inches (110 cm) stroke. The engine was built by Richardsons, Westgarth & Co Ltd, Middlesbrough. It drove a single screw propeller . The ship was built by W Harkness & Sons Ltd, Middlesbrough , Yorkshire , United Kingdom for Ellerman & Papayanni Lines . The third Ellerman Lines ship bearing that name, she

7304-462: Was reached on 21 December. Carrying a cargo of oranges and sardines , she sailed on 24 December with Convoy MKS 34G, which rendezvoused at sea with Convoy SL 143 on 25 December. The combined convoy arrived at Liverpool on 6 January 1944. Carrying general cargo, she sailed on 24 January 1944 as a member of Convoy OS 66KM, which split at sea on 5 February. She was in the portion that formed Convoy KMS 40 and arrived at Gibraltar on 7 February. Laden with

7392-440: Was reached on 28 October. She sailed on 1 November for Lagos , Nigeria , arriving on 3 November. Flaminian departed on 15 November for Freetown, which was reached on 21 November. Carrying West African produce, she sailed on 30 November with Convoy SL 94, which arrived at Liverpool on 20 December. She left the convoy at Oban on 22 December, sailing with Convoy WN 223 three days later and arriving at Methil on 28 December. She sailed

7480-620: Was returned to Ellerman Lines in 1946 and was renamed Flaminian . In 1947, Flaminian was converted to a stevedore training ship . Based at Marchwood , Hampshire, she was used by the Royal Engineers as a training ship for stevedores . Empire Flaminian arrived at Dover , Kent on 21 July 1950 for scrapping. Gross register tonnage Net register tonnage subtracts the volume of spaces not available for carrying cargo, such as engine rooms, fuel tanks and crew quarters, from gross register tonnage. Gross register tonnage

7568-606: Was sold to the MoWT on 17 April and renamed Empire Flaminian . Converted to a cable storage hulk for use in Operation Pluto , she was now assessed as 2,763  GRT , 1,696  NRT . She was operated under the management of Ellerman Lines. Empire Flaminian departed from Southend on 9 June with Convoy ETC 4, which arrived in the Seine Bay the next day. She departed on 23 June with Convoy FTM 16, which arrived at Southend

7656-595: Was unified into a single municipality with Tel Aviv in 1950. Today, Jaffa is one of Israel's mixed cities , with approximately 37% of the city being Arab. The town was mentioned in Egyptian sources and the Amarna letters as Yapu . Mythology says that it is named for Yafet (Japheth), one of the sons of Noah , the one who built it after the Flood . The Hellenist tradition links the name to Iopeia , or Cassiopeia , mother of Andromeda . An outcropping of rocks near

7744-444: Was used as a stevedore training ship from 1947, serving until scrapped in 1950. The ship was built in 1917 by W Harkness & Sons Ltd, Middlesbrough, Yorkshire, United Kingdom. She was yard number 211. The ship was 315 ft 0 in (96.01 m) long, with a beam of 42 feet 4 inches (12.90 m). She had a depth of 23 feet 6 inches (7.16 m). She was assessed at 2,699 GRT , 1,696 NRT , The ship

#417582