133-538: French house (also referred to as French touch , filter house , or tekfunk ) is a style of house music devised by French musicians in the 1990s. It is a form of Euro disco and a popular strand of the late 1990s and 2000s European dance music scene. The defining characteristics of the genre are filter and phaser effects both on and alongside samples from late 1970s and early 1980s European disco tracks. Tracks sometimes contained original hooks inspired by these samples, providing thicker harmonic foundations than
266-544: A Olympia show, and wrote music for the International Festival of Magic. In 1972 he also released his first solo album, Deserted Palace , and composed the soundtrack for Les Granges Brûlées ( English : The Burned Barns ). Jarre's 1976 low-budget solo album Oxygène , recorded at his home studio, made him famous internationally. The music was made with analog synthesizers like the EMS VCS 3 and
399-508: A Real Hip House compilation on his label, House Records, in 1990. The early 1990s saw new Chicago house artists emerge, such as Armando Gallop , who had released seminal acid house records since 1987, but became even more influential by co-founding the new Warehouse nightclub in Chicago (on 738 W. Randolph Street ) in which he also was resident DJ from 1992 until 1994, and founding Warehouse Records in 1988. Another important figure during
532-399: A Roland TR-808 , TR-909 , or a TR-707 . Claps, shakers, snare drum, or hi-hat sounds are used to add syncopation . One of the signature rhythm riffs, especially in early Chicago house, is built on the clave pattern. Congas and bongos may be added for an African sound, or metallic percussion for a Latin feel. Sometimes, the drum sounds are "saturated" by boosting the gain to create
665-644: A trance -like effect on dancers. Frankie Knuckles once said that the Warehouse club in Chicago was like "church for people who have fallen from grace". House record producer Marshall Jefferson compared it to "old-time religion in the way that people just get happy and screamin ' ". The role of a house DJ has been compared to a "secular type of priest". Some house lyrics contained messages calling for equality, unity, and freedom of expression beyond racial or sexual differences (e.g. " Can You Feel It " by Fingers Inc. , 1987, or "Follow Me" by Aly-Us , 1992). Later on in
798-566: A 1969 exposition at the Maison de la Culture (Cultural House) in Reims , Jarre wrote the five-minute song "Happiness Is a Sad Song". That same year he composed and recorded "La Cage/Erosmachine", a mixture of harmony, tape effects and synthesisers, which was released in 1971. In 1971 Jarre was commissioned by choreographer Norbert Schmucki to perform a ballet called AOR (in Hebrew, "the light"), at
931-534: A French Touch to House" was printed on a bomber jacket by Éric Morand for Fnac Music Dance Division in 1991. Prior to 1996, "French house" had been referred to among Europeans as " nu-disco ", "disco house" and "new disco". The term "French touch" was popularised by music journalist Martin James in the weekly music paper known as Melody Maker . He referred to the term in 1996 as a review of Étienne de Crécy 's first album Super Discount . This term became favoured among
1064-584: A Paris jazz club run by one of her friends from her resistance years, where saxophonists Archie Shepp and John Coltrane , and trumpet players Don Cherry and Chet Baker were regular performers. These early jazz experiences suggested to him that music may be "descriptive, without lyrics". He was also influenced by the work of French artist Pierre Soulages , whose exhibition at the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris he attended. Soulages' paintings used multiple textured layers, and Jarre realised that "for
1197-701: A band called Mystère IV. While he studied at the Lycée Michelet , his mother arranged for him to take lessons in harmony , counterpoint and fugue with Jeannine Rueff of the Conservatoire de Paris . In 1967 he played guitar in a band called The Dustbins , who appear in the film Des garçons et des filles [ fr ] . He mixed instruments including the electric guitar and the flute with tape effects and other sounds. More experimentation followed in 1968, when he began to use tape loops , radios and other electronic devices. In 1969, he joined
1330-633: A concert at La Défense in Paris, attended by a record-breaking audience of about two million people, again beating his earlier world record. He later promoted a concert near the Pyramids of Teotihuacan in Mexico, to be held during the solar eclipse of 11 July 1991 . However, with only weeks to go, important equipment had not arrived and the sinking in the Atlantic Ocean of a cargo ship containing
1463-512: A drum machine and a reel-to-reel tape player so he could create new tracks, often with a boosted deep register and faster tempos. Knuckles said: " Kraftwerk were main components in the creation of house music in Chicago. Back in the early 80s, I mixed our 80s Philly sound with the electro beats of Kraftwerk and the Electronic body music bands of Europe." Ron Hardy produced unconventional DIY mixtapes which he later played straight-on in
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#17327570203931596-634: A full complement of live musicians, but at Aalborg he was accompanied only by Francis Rimbert, and having guests like the Klarup Girls Choir, Safri Duo and the Aalborg Symphonic Orchestra. In 2003 he released Geometry of Love on Warner Music label, it was commissioned by Jean-Roch as soundtrack for his 'V.I.P. Room' nightclub in France. The physical CD was a long time out of print, but in 2018 remastered reissue
1729-522: A group produced by Kevin Saunderson, in 1988. Another major and even earlier influence on the Detroit artists was electronic music in the tradition of Germany's Kraftwerk. Atkins had released electro music in that style with his group Cybotron as early as 1981. Cybotron's best known songs are "Cosmic Cars" (1982) and "Clear" (1983); a 1984 release was titled "Techno City". In 1988, Atkins produced
1862-667: A growing awareness of the clubbing scene, along with major label support, Daft Punk's debut album Homework entered the top 10 of the UK Albums Chart upon its release. The duo would ultimately become the biggest-selling French act in the UK since Jean-Michel Jarre . The emergence of the French sound coincided with dance music's popularity in the UK market, which was also experiencing a surge of interest in general electronic music . Further international commercial success continued into
1995-599: A house music style. Key labels in the rise of house music in the UK included: In March 1987, the UK tour of influential US DJs such as Knuckles, Jefferson, Fingers Inc. (Heard), and Adonis on the DJ International Tour boosted house's popularity in the UK. Following the success of MARRS ' " Pump Up The Volume " in October, from 1987 to 1989, UK acts such as The Beatmasters , Krush , Coldcut , Yazz , Bomb The Bass , S-Express , and Italy's Black Box opened
2128-428: A house track to be played in clubs may make a "seven or eight-minute 12-inch mix "; if the track is intended to be played on the radio, a "three-and-a-half-minute" radio edit is used. House tracks build up slowly, by adding layers of sound and texture, and by increasing the volume. House tracks may have vocals like a pop song, but some are "completely minimal instrumental music ". If a house track does have vocals,
2261-399: A midsection, and a brief outro . Some tracks do not have a verse, taking a vocal part from the chorus and repeating the same cycle. House music tracks are often based on eight-bar sections which are repeated. They are often built around bass-heavy loops or basslines produced by a synthesizer and/or around samples of disco , soul , jazz-funk , or funk songs. DJs and producers creating
2394-516: A million at his home city of Lyon , in celebration of a visit by Pope John Paul II . Watching from Lyon Cathedral , the Pope began the concert with a good-night blessing, a recording of which appears on Cities in Concert – Houston/Lyon . In 1988, Jarre released his ninth studio album Revolutions , and in same year, a concert called Destination Docklands was planned for September, to be held at
2527-422: A mix. In the post-disco club culture during the early 1980s, DJs from the gay scene made their tracks "less pop-oriented", with a more mechanical, repetitive beat and deeper basslines, and many tracks were made without vocals, or with wordless melodies. Disco became so popular by the late 1970s that record companies pushed even non-disco artists (R&B and soft rock acts, for example) to record disco songs. When
2660-635: A more aggressive edge. One classic subgenre, acid house , is defined through the squelchy sounds created by the Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer. House music could be produced on "cheap and consumer-friendly electronic equipment" and used sound gear, which made it easier for independent labels and DJs to create tracks. The electronic drum machines and other gear used by house DJs and producers were formerly considered "too cheap-sounding" by "proper" musicians. House music producers typically use sampled instruments, rather than bringing session musicians into
2793-459: A record-breaking audience of more than a million people at the Place de la Concorde , a record he has since broken three times. More albums followed, but his 1979 concert served as a blueprint for his future performances around the world. Several of his albums have been released to coincide with large-scale outdoor events. As of 2004, Jarre had sold an estimated 80 million albums and singles. He
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#17327570203932926-422: A recording studio. Even though a key element of house production is layering sounds, such as drum machine beats, samples, synth basslines, and so on, the overall "texture...is relatively sparse". Unlike pop songs, which emphasize higher-pitched sounds like melody , in house music, the lower-pitched bass register is most important. House tracks typically involve an intro , a chorus , various verse sections,
3059-416: A sense we're putting most of our bets on Jean-Michel Jarre. He is quite exceptional and we're sure that by 1980 he will be recognised worldwide." Jarre's follow-up album, Équinoxe , was released in 1978. Though its sales were still healthy, it had less of an impact than Oxygène . but in 1979 Jarre held a large open-air concert on Bastille Day , at the Place de la Concorde . The free outdoor event set
3192-623: A smaller scale than his previous concerts, featuring a miniature skyline, laser imaging and fireworks. Locations included Lausanne, Mont St Michel, London, Manchester , Barcelona, Seville and the Versailles Palace near Paris. In March 1994, a concert was held in Hong Kong, to mark the opening of the city's new stadium. Jarre performed many of his most well-known hits at the Concert for Tolerance on Bastille Day in 1995, celebrating
3325-719: A studio album that described the different stages of a loving relationship. In that same year released on EMI label a new recording of his 1976 album named Oxygène: New Master Recording . Jarre performed 10 concerts ( Oxygène Live ) in December 2007, held in the Théâtre Marigny , located in the Champs-Élysées , Paris. Later in 2008 Jarre performed several concerts to celebrate the 30th anniversary of Oxygène , in theaters in Europe. Following one such performance at
3458-486: A surge in sales—a further 800,000 records were sold between 14 July and 31 August 1979—and the Frenchman Francis Rimbert featured at the event. By the time Les Chants Magnétiques was released on 20 May 1981, Oxygène and Équinoxe had achieved global sales of about 6 million units. In its first two months the new album sold 200,000 units in France alone. The album uses sounds from
3591-421: A tempo of between 120 and 130 beats per minute (bpm) ; synthesizer riffs ; deep basslines ; and often, but not necessarily, sung, spoken or sampled vocals. In house, the bass drum is usually played on beats one, two, three, and four, and the snare drum, claps, or other higher-pitched percussion on beats two and four. The drumbeats in house music are almost always provided by an electronic drum machine , often
3724-436: A very popular destination for British tourists. French house can be described as a combination of three production styles. One is what the French refer to as 'French house' or 'French Touch,' heavily influenced by the space disco sound. The second style is a continuation and update of Euro disco, drawing inspiration from the productions of Alec R. Costandinos. The third style embodies the deep American house influence, evident in
3857-482: A world record for the largest number of spectators ever at an open-air concert, drawing more than 1 million spectators. Although it was not the first time he had performed in concert (Jarre had already played at the Paris Opera Ballet ), the 40 minute-long event, which used projections of light, images and fireworks, served as a blueprint for Jarre's future concerts. Its popularity helped create
3990-486: A worldwide phenomenon. House has a large influence on pop music , especially dance music . It was incorporated into works by major international artists including Whitney Houston , Mariah Carey , Janet Jackson , Madonna , Pet Shop Boys , Kylie Minogue and Lady Gaga , and produced many mainstream hits such as " Pump Up the Jam " by Technotronic , " French Kiss " by Lil Louis , " Show Me Love " by Robin S. , and " Push
4123-459: Is a pioneer in the electronic , ambient and new-age genres, and is known for organising outdoor spectacles featuring his music, accompanied by vast laser displays , large projections and fireworks . Jarre was raised in Lyon by his mother and grandparents and trained on the piano. From an early age, he was introduced to a variety of art forms, including street performers, jazz musicians and
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4256-526: Is an instrumental version of the first, with the voices removed. In 2001 he composed, with Francis Rimbert arrangements, the music for the short-lived French channel Match TV. On 7 September 2002, Jarre held a very wet and muddy concert at the Gammel Vrå Enge [ da ] near the city of Aalborg in Denmark, with 40,000 spectators (including 5,000 VIPs). Danish band Safri Duo featured on
4389-539: Is associated with a complete freedom of expression. One of the primary elements in house dancing is "the jack" or "jacking" — a style created in the early days of Chicago house that left its trace in numerous record titles such as "Time to Jack" by Chip E. from the Jack Trax EP (1985), "Jack'n the House" (1985) by Farley "Jackmaster" Funk (1985) or " Jack Your Body " by Steve "Silk" Hurley (1986). It involves moving
4522-421: Is considered a classic in both the house and techno genre and shows the connection and the "boundary between house and techno." It made way to what was later known as "techno" in the internationally known sense of the word, referring to a harder, faster, colder, more machine-driven and minimal sound than house, as played by Detroit's Underground Resistance and Jeff Mills . With house music already important in
4655-629: Is credited with having been the first to use the TB-303 in the house music context. The group's 12-minute "Acid Tracks" was recorded to tape and played by DJ Ron Hardy at the Music Box, supposedly already by 1985. Hardy once played it four times over the course of an evening until the crowd responded favorably. Club play of house tracks by pioneering Chicago DJs such as Ron Hardy and Lil Louis , local dance music record shops such as Importes Etc., State Street Records, Loop Records, Gramaphone Records and
4788-590: Is openly inspired by the album Zoolook to which it pays tribute. On 5 October 2016, Democracy in Europe Movement 2025 announced that Jarre would be a member of its advisory panel. The transmedia is composed of a web documentary using Zoolook ' s creative process involving 4 international artists ( Simonne Jones , Mikael Seifu, Daedelus and Luke Vibert ); a 52' documentary film directed by Beryl Koltz broadcast in September 2015 on ARTE (with
4921-426: Is regarded as hugely influential in the history of Chicago house music, and has been described as "ghetto house's Motown ". One of the prototypes for Dance Mania's new ghetto house sound was the single "(It's Time for the) Percolator" by Cajmere, also known as Green Velvet , from 1992. Cajmere started the labels Cajual Records and Relief Records, the latter combining the sound of Chicago, acid, and ghetto house with
5054-472: Is relatively closer to disco than other dance styles. As Chicago house gained international popularity, New York and New Jersey's music scene was distinguished from the "house" umbrella. In comparison to other forms of house music, garage house, and Jersey sound include more gospel -influenced piano riffs and female vocals. The genre was popular in the 1980s in the United States and in the 1990s in
5187-904: Is the Key " (1985), have also been referred to as the first house tracks. Starting in 1985 and 1986, more and more Chicago DJs began producing and releasing original compositions. These compositions used newly affordable electronic instruments and enhanced styles of disco and other dance music they already favored. These homegrown productions were played on Chicago radio stations and in local clubs catering mainly to Black, Mexican American , and gay audiences. Subgenres of house, including deep house and acid house, quickly emerged and gained traction. Deep house 's origins can be traced to Chicago producer Mr. Fingers 's relatively jazzy, soulful recordings " Mystery of Love " (1985) and "Can You Feel It?" (1986). According to author Richie Unterberger, it moved house music away from its " posthuman tendencies back towards
5320-617: Is the goddess, the Maria Callas of the Orient. Then I heard " Georgia on My Mind " by Ray Charles , and I realised that music can talk to your tummy. I was so impressed by the organic sensuality coming from Ray Charles's music – there was no intellectual process and it was great. As a young man Jarre earned money by selling his paintings, exhibiting some of his works at the Lyon Gallery ;– L'Œil écoute , and by playing in
5453-583: The Confédération Internationale des Sociétés d´Auteurs et Compositeurs (CISAC). In Spring 2015, Jarre released the first music from a new studio album, released in October 2015, following around four years of work. The album, Electronica 1: The Time Machine (working title: E-Project ), comprises a number of collaborations with other artists. The first of these to be released was the collaboration with Gesaffelstein entitled Conquistador , followed by Glory , with M83 . The track
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5586-515: The 1998 FIFA World Cup in France. British group Apollo 440 were credited alongside Jarre for the remix. In 2001, he released Interior Music , an album of 1,000 copies created for use by the Danish audio-visual company Bang & Olufsen stores. The album consists of two long-form pieces: "Bonjour Hello", is a 25 minute audio collage of sounds with voices saying short sentences in French, English and Danish. The second piece, "Whispers of Life",
5719-709: The EMS Synthi AKS , and recorded with a Scully 8-track recorder. Jarre initially was turned down by several record companies, until Jean-Michel decided to meet with Francis Dreyfus, the head of the Disques Motors label, to see if he could release the album, to which he accepted. The first pressing of 50,000 copies was promoted through hi-fi shops, clubs and discos, and by April 1977 had sold 70,000 copies in France. When interviewed in Billboard magazine, Motors's director Stanislas Witold said, "In
5852-550: The Fairlight CMI , a new instrument of which Jarre was a pioneer. Its digital technology allowed him to continue his earlier sonic experimentation in new ways. In that same year, the British Embassy gave Radio Beijing copies of Oxygène , Équinoxe , and Les Chants Magnétiques , which became the first pieces of foreign music to be played on Chinese national radio in decades. The Republic invited Jarre to become
5985-581: The Palais Garnier . He also composed background music for ballet, theatre, television programs, department stores, and advertising jingles for Pepsi-Cola , Nestlé and RTL . The music for airports, and North America libraries was composed with the VCS 3 and an Farfisa professional organ. From 1972 to 1975, Jean-Michel wrote music and lyrics for artists like Françoise Hardy , Gérard Lenorman , Christophe and Patrick Juvet . In 1972 he collaborated in
6118-651: The Roland JD-800 and the Kurzweil K2000 . In the state of mind I did Chronologie , it's quite close to what I did for Oxygène , using a lot of the old synthesizers of the '70s, like the Moog synthesizer — which I consider to be the Stradivarius of electronic music — mixed with the digital sound and the beat of the dance scene of the '90s. In a sense, Chronologie is a kind of mixture between
6251-828: The Royal Albert Hall Jarre met Queen guitarist Brian May , who proposed he create a concert in Tenerife for the International Year of Astronomy , but a lack of sponsorship meant that the concert did not take place. In 2009 he was selected as the artistic director of the World Sky Race, and also accepted a role as Goodwill Ambassador for the International Year of Astronomy. In 2009 he started an indoor tour in arenas throughout Europe. On 1 March 2010, Jean-Michel Jarre started
6384-546: The Royal Victoria Dock in east London. Close to the heart of London, the location was chosen in part for its desolate environment, but also because Jarre thought the architecture was ideally suited for his music. Early in 1988 Jarre met with local officials and members of the community, but Newham Borough Council delayed their decision until 12 September, the month in which the show was due to take place. The local fire service were also concerned about access in
6517-523: The UK singles chart in 1986. Around that time, UK record labels started releasing house music by Chicago acts, but as the genre grew popular, the UK itself became one of the new hot spots for house, acid house and techno music, experiencing the so-called second summer of love between 1988 and 1989. In Detroit during the early and mid-1980s, a new kind of electronic dance music began to emerge around Juan Atkins, Derrick May and Kevin Saunderson , known as
6650-463: The space disco music styles. Space disco was popular in France during the late 1970s and early 1980s, especially with artists such as Cerrone and Sheila and B. Devotion . American P-Funk also influenced the genre's sound, especially the work of George Clinton and Bootsy Collins . P-Funk was played alongside disco in many French discothèques , notably after Disco Demolition Night took place in
6783-412: The torso forward and backward in a rippling motion matching the beat of the music, as if a wave were passing through it. Early house lyrics contained generally positive, uplifting messages, but spoke especially to those who were considered to be outsiders, especially African Americans, Latinos, and the gay subculture . The house music dance scene was one of the most integrated and progressive spaces in
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#17327570203936916-541: The 15th Paris Apple Expo 's iMac Night , Jarre, Apple brand ambassador and friend of Steve Jobs ' created the first 3D concert, Electronic Odyssee , to mark the 50th anniversary of electronic music and the launch of the Apple iMac computer. It was enjoyed by 6000 spectators wearing special 3D glasses. Another large-scale concert followed on 31 December 1999, in the Egyptian desert near Giza . The Twelve Dreams of
7049-536: The 1970s with Oxygène 7–13 , dedicated to his mentor at the GRM , Pierre Schaeffer , who had died two years before. In September that year he set his fourth record for the largest-ever outdoor-concert audience with a performance at the Moscow State University , celebrating the 850th anniversary of Moscow. The event was viewed by an audience of about 3.5 million. On September 18th 1998, during
7182-541: The 1980s dance club scene, eventually house penetrated the UK singles chart. London DJ "Evil" Eddie Richards spun at dance parties as resident at the Clink Street club. Richards' approach to house focuses on the deep basslines. Nicknamed the UK's "Godfather of House", he and Clink co-residents Kid Batchelor and Mr. C played a key role in early UK house. House first charted in the UK in Wolverhampton following
7315-476: The 1980s; the black and gay populations, as well as other minority groups, were able to dance together in a positive environment. House music DJs aimed to create a "dream world of emotions" with "stories, keywords and sounds", which helped to "glue" communities together. Many house tracks encourage the audience to "release yourself" or "let yourself go", which is further encouraged by the continuous dancing, "incessant beat", and use of club drugs , which can create
7448-399: The 1990s, independently from the Chicago scene, the idea of Peace, Love, Unity & Respect (PLUR) became a widespread set of principles for the rave culture. One of the main influences of house was disco, house music having been defined as a genre which "...picked up where disco left off in the late 1970's." Like disco DJs, house DJs used a "slow mix" to "lin[k] records together" into
7581-703: The 2000s with Bob Sinclar , Étienne de Crécy , Benjamin Diamond , and Modjo achieving hit singles in Europe. In late 2005, Madonna released Confessions on a Dance Floor , an album with significant French house influences in several of its songs. The term "French Touch" was first used in Paris in July 1987. Jean-Claude Lagrèze, a photographer of parisians' nights created a couple of "French Touch" parties at The Palace in an effort to help people discover house music. The parties were driven by DJ Laurent Garnier , Guillaume la Tortue and David Guetta . The expression "We Give
7714-463: The 50th anniversary of the United Nations. The Eiffel Tower was specially lit for the occasion, prompting the installation of a more permanent display . The following December, he created the website "A Space for Tolerance", which featured music from En Attendant Cousteau , played while the user browsed a variety of "visual worlds". In 1997, Jarre returned to the analogue synthesisers of
7847-511: The Belleville Three . The artists fused eclectic, futuristic sounds into a signature Detroit dance sound that was a main influence for the later techno genre. Their music included strong influences from Chicago house , although the term "house" played a less important role in Detroit than in Chicago, and the term "techno" was established instead. One of their most successful hits was a vocal house track named " Big Fun " by Inner City ,
7980-1077: The Coldcut-produced " The Only Way Is Up " by Yazz. One of the early club anthems, " Promised Land " by Joe Smooth , was covered and charted within a week by UK band The Style Council . Europeans embraced house, and began booking important American house DJs to play at the big clubs, such as Ministry of Sound , whose resident, Justin Berkmann brought in US pioneer Larry Levan. The house music club scene in cities such as Birmingham , Leeds , Sheffield , Wolverhampton , and London were provided with dance tracks by many underground pirate radio stations. Club DJs also brought in new house styles, which helped bolster this music genre. The earliest UK house and techno record labels, such as Warp Records and Network Records (formed out of Kool Kat records), helped introduce American and later Italian dance music to Britain. These labels also promoted UK dance music acts. By
8113-530: The Feeling On " by the Nightcrawlers . Many house DJs also did and continue to do remixes for pop artists. House music has remained popular on radio and in clubs while retaining a foothold on the underground scenes across the globe. In its most typical form, the genre is characterized by repetitive 4/4 rhythms including bass drums , off-beat hi-hats , snare drums , claps , and/or snaps at
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#17327570203938246-435: The French media and was then widely used in the UK press by 1998. The French newspaper, Libertation and Radio NRJ acknowledged Martin James as the coiner of the "French Touch". The term was then used on an MTV News special, to describe a "French house explosion" phenomenon. Bob Sinclar was interviewed, as well as Air (a non-house act) and Cassius . This news special later aired on all MTV local variations worldwide, spreading
8379-710: The Groupe de Recherches Musicales (GRM), founded and led by Pierre Schaeffer , inventor of musique concrete . Jarre was introduced to the Moog modular synthesizer and spent time working at the studio of influential German composer Karlheinz Stockhausen in Cologne . In the kitchen of his apartment in Rue de la Trémoille, Jarre set up a small makeshift recording studio. It included his first synthesiser, an EMS VCS 3 , and an EMS Synthi AKS , each linked to Revox tape machines. For
8512-555: The Music Box: "I wasn't even into dance music before I went to the Music Box [...]. I was into rock and roll . We would get drunk and listen to rock and roll. We didn't give a fuck, we were like 'Disco Sucks!' and all that. I hated dance music 'cos I couldn't dance. I thought dance music was kind of wimpy, until I heard it at like Music Box volume." A precursor to house music is the Colonel Abrams hit song " Trapped ", which
8645-563: The Sky),' exhibits only a distant connection to the original French house sound. Similarly, both Daft Punk and Étienne de Crécy developed a harder synthetic sound more directly inspired by techno, electro, and pop. House music House is a genre of electronic dance music characterized by a repetitive four-on-the-floor beat and a typical tempo of 115–130 beats per minute. It was created by DJs and music producers from Chicago 's Black gay underground club culture and evolved slowly in
8778-505: The Sun celebrated the new millennium and offered a preview of his next album, Métamorphoses , released in 2000. The show featured performances from more than 1,000 local artists and musicians, and was based on ancient Egyptian mythology about the journey of the Sun and its effect upon humanity. In 1998, British commercial broadcaster ITV used a remixed version of "Fourth Rendez-Vous" (called Rendez-Vous 98) for their television coverage of
8911-558: The United Kingdom. DJs playing it include Tony Humphries at Club Zanzibar, Larry Levan, who was resident DJ at the Paradise Garage from 1977 to 1987, Todd Terry , Kerri Chandler , Masters at Work , Junior Vasquez , and others. Jean-Michel Jarre Jean-Michel André Jarre ( French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ miʃɛl ɑ̃dʁe ʒaʁ] ; born 24 August 1948) is a French composer, performer and record producer. He
9044-432: The United States. The Jacking aspect of Chicago house was also incorporated into the French house scene with "jack house" becoming a short-lived descriptive term for the sound in the UK. The influence of 1970s French pop music, championed by musicians such as François de Roubaix , Jean-Michel Jarre , and Serge Gainsbourg , is also apparent within the genre. Thomas Bangalter 's tracks for his Roulé label were some of
9177-442: The Warehouse club in Chicago from 1977 to 1982, worked primarily with early disco music with a hint of new and different post-punk or post-disco music. Knuckles started out as a disco DJ, but when he moved from New York City to Chicago, he changed from the typical disco mixing style of playing records one after another; instead, he mixed different songs together, including Philadelphia soul and Euro disco . He also explored adding
9310-442: The Warehouse" in the store, shortened to "House". Patrons later asked for new music for the bins, which Chip E. implies was a demand the shop tried to meet by stocking newer local club hits. In a 1986 interview, when Rocky Jones, the club DJ who ran Chicago-based DJ International Records , was asked about the "house" moniker, he did not mention Importes Etc., Frankie Knuckles, or the Warehouse by name. However, he agreed that "house"
9443-687: The acid house subgenre. Juan Atkins , a pioneer of Detroit techno , claims the term "house" reflected the association of particular tracks with particular clubs and DJs, considered their "house" records. At least three styles of dancing are associated with early house music: jacking , footwork and lofting. These styles include a variety of techniques and sub-styles, including skating, stomping, vosho, pouting cat, and shuffle steps (also see Melbourne shuffle ). House music dancing styles can include movements from many other forms of dance, such as waacking , voguing , capoeira , jazz dance , Lindy Hop , tap dance , and even modern dance . House dancing
9576-663: The album was nominated for the Grammys 2017 Awards in the "Best Dance/Electronic Album" category. In June 2015, in collaboration with Jean-Michel Jarre, the transmedia project Soundhunters was released on the platform of the Franco-German channel ARTE . The transmedia conceptualized by the Blies brothers (Stéphane Hueber-Blies and Nicolas Blies), François Le Gall and Marion Guth of the Luxembourg production company a_BAHN,
9709-551: The answer lies with him." Chicago artist Chip E. 's 1985 song "It's House" may also have helped to define this new form of electronic music. However, Chip E. himself lends credence to the Knuckles association, claiming the name came from methods of labeling records at the Importes Etc. record store, where he worked in the early 1980s. Bins of music that DJ Knuckles played at the Warehouse nightclub were labelled "As Heard at
9842-459: The area, and many cars were stuck until the next day. The problems became a big issue in Danish media, since, had there been an accident, it would be extremely difficult for help to get to the location. Two years previously, nine people were killed at Roskilde Festival , which had brought focus on security at large concerts. Preparations for AERO were later proven to have been lacking, and the police investigation concluded, in part, that permission for
9975-470: The artist Pierre Soulages . His musical style was perhaps most heavily influenced by Pierre Schaeffer , a pioneer of musique concrète at the Groupe de Recherches Musicales . His first mainstream success was the 1976 album Oxygène . Recorded in a makeshift studio at his home, the album sold an estimated 18 million copies. Oxygène was followed in 1978 by Équinoxe , and in 1979, Jarre performed to
10108-590: The audio, the DVD features a visual image of Anne Parillaud 's eyes, recorded in real time as she listened to the album. Jarre used the minimalist imagery to reinforce the audio content of the DVD. In his role of UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador, Jarre performed a concert named Water for Life in Morocco, on 16 December 2006, to celebrate the United Nations Year of Desertification in the world. The performance
10241-455: The backlash against disco started, known as " Disco Demolition Night ", held in Chicago , ironically the city where house music would be created a few years later, dance music went from being produced by major labels to being created by DJs in the underground club scene. That is until several years later by 1988, when major labels would begin signing acts from this new dance genre. While disco
10374-533: The buildings to be used as a backdrop was painted white. One large mirror ball being transported to the event fell onto the roadside, causing a degree of confusion as some people mistook it for a fallen satellite . World War II searchlights were installed, to illuminate the sky and surrounding architecture. Along with thousands in the surrounding streets and parks, 200,000 people watched Jarre and guests such as guitarist Hank Marvin perform in less than ideal conditions. Inclement weather had threatened to break
10507-522: The city's skyscrapers into spectacular backdrops for an elaborate display of fireworks and lasers. Rendez-vous Houston entered the Guinness Book of Records for its audience of over 1.5 million, beating his earlier record, set in 1979. The display was so impressive that a nearby freeway was blocked by passing vehicles, forcing the authorities to close it for the duration of the concert. Several months later he performed to an audience of about
10640-601: The concert at the Meridian Gate, and each concert was transmitted nationwide on live television. Jarre collaborated with musician Chen Lin. Accompanying his traditional musical repertoire, 600 projectors shone coloured light and images across various screens and objects. In September 2004, Jarre released both a DVD and a CD in one package AERO . A compilation album made in 5.1 surround sound , it contains re-recorded versions of some of his most famous tracks, including tracks from Oxygène and Équinoxe . Accompanying
10773-523: The concert should not have been granted. Reactions from spectators were mixed, some claiming it was unsafe, and others saying it was a case of overreacting. A concert in September of that same year at a wind farm near Aalborg in Denmark proved problematic when 22 mm of rain fell on the venue, causing long delays for spectators. It also marked a change in direction in Jarre's live concerts; from Rendez-vous Houston onwards he had been accompanied by
10906-489: The concerts to be free, but the Chinese authorities decided to charge between £0.20 and £0.50 per ticket. In 1982, recordings of the concerts, which featured one of Jarre's signature electronic instruments, the laser harp , were released as a double-disc LP . Between February and May 1983, Jarre recorded a single LP copy of an album entitled Musique pour Supermarché ( English : Music for Supermarkets ) whose objective
11039-657: The development of house were audio mixing and editing techniques earlier explored by disco, garage music and post-disco DJs, record producers , and audio engineers such as Walter Gibbons , Tom Moulton , Jim Burgess , Larry Levan , M & M , and others. While most post-disco disc jockeys primarily stuck to playing their conventional ensemble and playlist of dance records, Frankie Knuckles and Ron Hardy, two influential DJs of house music, were known for their unusual and non-mainstream playlists and mixing. Knuckles, often credited as "the Godfather of House" and resident DJ at
11172-471: The doors to house music success on the UK charts. Early British house music quickly set itself apart from the original Chicago house sound. Many of the early hits were based on sample montage, and unlike the US soulful vocals, in UK house, rap was often used for vocals (far more than in the US), and humor and wit was an important element. The second best-selling British single of 1988 was an acid house record,
11305-573: The earliest examples of French house. His solo material, along with his work as a member of Daft Punk and Stardust , influenced the French house scene during the mid-to-late 1990s. The French duo Motorbass were among the first in France to produce house tracks largely based around samples and filtered loops and released their seminal album, Pansoul in 1996. Parisian producer St. Germain also produced jazz -inspired house tracks. Other known French producers during this time period, such as François Kevorkian and Laurent Garnier , remained distant from
11438-526: The early house sound, such as the Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer and minimal vocals, as well as a Roland TR-808 drum machine and a Korg Poly-61 synthesizer. It also utilized the bassline from Player One's disco record " Space Invaders " (1979). "On and On" is sometimes cited as the "first house record", even though it was a remake of a Disco Bootleg "On and On" by Florida producer Mach. Other examples from around that time, such as J.M. Silk 's " Music
11571-729: The early to mid-1990s and until the 2000s was DJ and producer Paul Johnson , who released the Warehouse-anthem "Welcome to the Warehouse" on Armando's label in 1994 in collaboration with Armando himself. He also had part in the development of an entirely new kind of Chicago house sound, " ghetto house ", which was prominently released and popularized through the Dance Mania record label. It was originally founded by Jesse Saunders in 1985 but passed on to Raymond Barney in 1988. It featured notable ghetto house artists like DJ Funk , DJ Deeon , DJ Milton, Paul Johnson and others. The label
11704-562: The early/mid 1980s as DJs began altering disco songs to give them a more mechanical beat. By early 1988, House became mainstream and supplanted the typical 80s music beat. House was created and pioneered by DJs and producers in Chicago such as Frankie Knuckles , Ron Hardy , Jesse Saunders , Chip E. , Joe Smooth , Steve "Silk" Hurley , Farley "Jackmaster" Funk , Marshall Jefferson , Phuture , and others. House music initially expanded internationally, to London , then to other American cities, such as New York City , and ultimately became
11837-511: The emerging French house label. UK dance music and European DJs first recognized French house experiments in the mid-1990s with commercial success occurring in 1997. Daft Punk , Cassius and later Stardust were the first internationally successful artists of the genre, and along with Air , signed to Virgin Records . Initial releases by all three garnered music videos directed by Spike Jonze , Michel Gondry and Alex & Martin . Thanks to
11970-498: The end of the 1980s, UK DJs Jenö, Thomas, Markie and Garth moved to San Francisco and called their group the Wicked Crew. The Wicked Crew's dance sound transmitted UK styles to the US, which helped to trigger the birth of the US west coast's rave scene. The manager of Manchester's Factory nightclub and co-owner of The Haçienda , Tony Wilson , also promoted acid house culture on his weekly TV show. The UK midlands also embraced
12103-459: The event of a fire. Site work continued as Jarre's team searched for alternative locations in which to stage the concert, but following improvements to both on and off-site safety Jarre eventually won conditional approval on 28 September to stage two separate performances, on 8 and 9 October. The floating stage on which Jarre and his musicians performed was built on top of four large barges . Large purpose-built display screens were built, and one of
12236-421: The first time in music, you could act as a painter with frequencies and sounds." He was also influenced by classical, modernist music. In a 2004 interview for The Guardian , he spoke of the effect that a performance of Stravinsky 's The Rite of Spring had upon him: This is where Stravinsky created it in 1913, and it was a huge shock. I also saw the last concert by the great Arabic singer Om Khalsoum . She
12369-588: The first western musician to play in post- Mao Zedong China. The performances were scheduled to run from 18 October to 5 November 1981. 5 concerts were performed, two in Beijing and three in Shanghai . The first, in Beijing, was initially attended mostly by officials, but before the concert began, technicians realised that not enough power was available to supply the stage and auditorium. Chinese officials solved
12502-413: The genre prior to the album's rediscovery in the 21st century. According to Hillegonda C. Rietveld, "elements of hip hop and rap can be found in contemporary house tracks", with hip hop acting as an "accent or inflection" that is inserted into the house sound. The constant bass drum in house music may have arisen from DJs experimenting with adding drum machines to their live mixes at clubs, underneath
12635-482: The genre's forerunners. Most tracks in this style are in 4 time and feature steady four-on-the-floor beats in the tempo range of 110–130 beats per minute . Purveyors of French house include Daft Punk , David Guetta , Bob Sinclar , Martin Solveig , Cassius , The Supermen Lovers , Modjo , Justice , Air , and Étienne de Crécy . French house was influenced by American dance music, Euro disco , and
12768-399: The harder sound of techno. By the early 1990s, artists of note on those two labels included Dajae , DJ Sneak , Derrick Carter , DJ Rush , Paul Johnson, Joe Lewis, and Glenn Underground. While house became popular in UK and continental Europe, the scene in the US had still not progressed beyond a small number of clubs in Chicago, Detroit, New York City, and Newark . In New York and Newark,
12901-423: The kind of music you play down at the Warehouse!" In self-published statements, South-Side Chicago DJ Leonard "Remix" Rroy claimed he put such a sign in a tavern window because it was where he played music that one might find in one's home; in his case, it referred to his mother's soul and disco records, which he worked into his sets. Chicago house artist Farley "Jackmaster" Funk was quoted as saying, "In 1982, I
13034-463: The late 1980s house scene with illegal parties and raves and more legal dance clubs such as The Hummingbird. While the acid house hype spawned in the UK and Europe, in Chicago it reached its peak around 1988 and then declined in popularity. Instead, a crossover of house and hip-hop music, known as hip house , became popular. Tyree Cooper 's single "Turn Up the Bass" featuring Kool Rock Steady from 1988
13167-429: The lush" soulful sound of early disco music. Acid house , a rougher and more abstract subgenre, arose from Chicago artists' experiments with the squelchy sounds of the Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer that define the genre. Its origin on vinyl is generally cited as Phuture 's " Acid Tracks " (Trax Records, 1987). Phuture, a group founded by Nathan " DJ Pierre " Jones, Earl "Spanky" Smith Jr., and Herbert "Herb J" Jackson,
13300-537: The main singles chart. The same month also saw Raze enter the top 20 with "Jack the Groove", and several other house hits reached the top ten that year. Stock Aitken Waterman (SAW) expensively-produced productions for Mel and Kim , including the number-one hit "Respectable", added elements of house to their previous Europop sound. SAW session group Mirage scored top-ten hits with "Jack Mix II" and "Jack Mix IV", medleys of previous electro and Europop hits rearranged in
13433-509: The only film or video to capture a young Frankie Knuckles in this early era, right after his departure from The Warehouse. In the Channel 4 documentary Pump Up the Volume , Knuckles remarks that the first time he heard the term "house music" was upon seeing "we play house music" on a sign in the window of a bar on Chicago's South Side . One of the people in the car joked, "you know that's
13566-445: The part was performed by McNair's friend, American saxophonist Kirk Whalum : I remember just before take-off, Ron calling me in Paris saying "Everything's ready, see you in a week's time, watch me on television for the take-off" ... I will really, keep always, the bit of Ron's smile and Ron's face in my heart. About 2,000 projectors shone images onto buildings and giant screens up to 1,200 feet (370 m) high, transforming
13699-561: The pavement, the young Jarre was able to observe street performers at work, an experience he later cited as proving influential on his art. Jarre struggled with classical piano studies, although he later changed teachers and worked on his scales. A more general interest in musical instruments was sparked by his discovery at the Saint-Ouen flea market, where his mother sold antiques, of a Boris Vian trumpet violin . He often accompanied his mother to Le Chat Qui Pêche (The Fishing Cat),
13832-517: The popular Hot Mix 5 shows on radio station WBMX-FM helped popularize house music in Chicago. Later, visiting DJs and producers from Detroit fell into the genre. Trax Records and DJ International Records, Chicago labels with wider distribution, helped popularize house music inside and outside of Chicago. The first major success of house music outside the U.S. is considered to be Farley "Jackmaster" Funk's " Love Can't Turn Around " (feat. Jesse Saunders and performed by Darryl Pandy ), which peaked at #10 in
13965-424: The problem by temporarily cutting power to the surrounding districts. The stadium was almost full when the concert began, but as Beijing's buses stopped running at about 10 o'clock, about half the audience left before it finished. To boost the audience attendance for the second night, Jarre and his production team purchased some of the concert tickets and gave them to children on the streets. Jarre originally wanted
14098-448: The purpose-built pyramidal stage and other technical and financial problems made staging the concert impossible. Jarre's disappointment was such that he "could not cope with Mexican food for two years". About two years later he released Chronologie , an album that features Jarre's traditional collection of instruments like the ARP 2600 and Minimoog , as well as newer synthesisers such as
14231-819: The records they were playing. In the early 1980s, Chicago radio jocks Hot Mix 5 from WBMX radio station (among them Farley "Jackmaster" Funk), and club DJs Ron Hardy and Frankie Knuckles played a range of styles of dance music, including older disco records (mostly Philly disco and Salsoul tracks), electro funk tracks by artists such as Afrika Bambaataa , newer Italo disco , Arthur Baker , and John Robie , and electronic pop . Some DJs made and played their own edits of their favorite songs on reel-to-reel tape, and sometimes mixed in electronic effects , drum machines, synthesizers and other rhythmic electronic instrumentation. The hypnotic electronic dance song " On and On ", produced in 1984 by Chicago DJ Jesse Saunders and co-written by Vince Lawrence , had typical elements of
14364-464: The second leg of his 2009–2010 Indoors tour; on 10 June, he was presented with a Lifetime Achievement Award by Mojo magazine . On 1 July 2011, Jarre performed a large-scale concert in Monaco to celebrate the marriage of Prince Albert and his bride Charlene . A later concert was held at Carthage during the city's 12 August 2013 musical festival. In June 2013, Jarre was elected as president of
14497-427: The similar treatment of samples and repetitive 'funky' hooks. Further variations and mutations naturally followed. French house initially maintained the established 'French Touch' sound, emphasizing Euro disco-like vocals and downplaying the 'space disco' themes. However, over time, most successful acts have evolved their sound. For instance, Bob Sinclar's later work, including the hit single 'World, Hold On (Children of
14630-633: The sounds of the '70s and the sounds of the '90s. Jarre was invited to the inaugural celebrations of the Palace of the Lost City, a hotel located within the Sun City in South Africa. Three concerts were held on 1, 2 and 3 December 1992, in which more than 45,000 people attended. Chronologie was performed at a series of 16 performances across Europe called Europe in Concert . These were on
14763-533: The stage from its moorings, putting paid to the original plan to float the stage across the Royal Victoria Dock. Wind speeds were so high that television cameras were blown over. On the second evening the audience, which included Diana, Princess of Wales , was soaked by rain and wind. In 1990, Jarre released En Attendant Cousteau ( Waiting for Cousteau ), a tribute to the French oceanographer Jacques-Yves Cousteau . On Bastille Day he performed
14896-463: The success of the Northern Soul scene. The record generally credited as the first house hit in the UK was Farley "Jackmaster" Funk's "Love Can't Turn Around", which reached #10 in the UK singles chart in September 1986. In January 1987, Chicago DJ/artist Steve "Silk" Hurley's "Jack Your Body" reached number one in the UK, showing it was possible for house music to achieve crossover success in
15029-508: The successor of the Warehouse, the Music Box (reopened and renamed in 1983 after Knuckles left). Like Frankie Knuckles, Hardy "combined certain sounds, remixing tracks with added synths and drum machines", all "refracted through the futurist lens of European music." Marshall Jefferson , who would later appear with the 1986 house classic " Move Your Body (The House Music Anthem) " (originally released on Trax Records ), describes how he got involved in house music after hearing Ron Hardy's music in
15162-408: The term and introducing the "French house" sound to the mainstream population. Between 1998 and 2001, local music shop Discobole Records imported the records directly from France and middle class clubs dedicated totally to the genre, such as City Groove. In Greece, this music style was promoted as "disco house". During 1999, many events also took place on Spain's Ibiza island, and has continued to be
15295-523: The terms " garage house ", "garage music", or simply "garage", and "Jersey sound", or " New Jersey house ", were coined for a deeper, more soulful, R&B -derived subgenre of house that was developed in the Paradise Garage nightclub in New York City and Club Zanzibar in Newark, New Jersey, during the early-to-mid 1980s. It is argued that garage house predates the development of Chicago house, as it
15428-420: The track "Aero", which in fact was Bourges 2 from the performance earlier that year, and Rendez-Vous 4. The concert was broadcast live on various TV stations around the world and a shortened one-hour version was made available for rebroadcast. By no fault of Jarre, due to 22 millimeters of rain and lack of proper preparation for and execution of the event, it took several hours for all people to be able to leave
15561-404: The track "Techno Music", which was featured on an influential compilation that was initially planned to be named "The House Sound of Detroit", but was renamed into " Techno! The New Dance Sound of Detroit " after Atkins' song. The 1987 song " Strings of Life " by Derrick May (under the name Rhythm Is Rhythm) represented a darker, more intellectual strain of early Detroit electronic dance music. It
15694-510: The trend of splicing together different records when he found that the records he had were not long enough to satisfy his audience of dancers. After the Warehouse closed in 1983, eventually the crowds went to Knuckles' new club, The Power House, later to be called The Power Plant, and the club was renamed, yet again, into Music Box with Ron Hardy as the resident DJ. The 1986 documentary, "House Music in Chicago", by filmmaker, Phil Ranstrom , captured opening night at The Power House, and stands as
15827-472: The vocal lines may also be simple "words or phrases" that are repeated. One book from 2009 states the name "house music" originated from a Chicago club called the Warehouse that was open from 1977 to 1982. Clubbers to the Warehouse were primarily black gay men, who came to dance to music played by the club's resident DJ, Frankie Knuckles , who fans refer to as the "godfather of house". Frankie began
15960-670: Was Jewish . When Jarre was five, his parents separated and his father moved to the United States, leaving him with his mother. He did not see his father again until reaching the age of 18. For the first eight years of his life, Jarre spent six months each year at his maternal grandparents' flat on the Cours de Verdun, in the Perrache district of Lyon. Jarre's grandfather was an oboe player, engineer and inventor, designing an early audio mixer used at Radio Lyon. He also gave Jean-Michel his first tape recorder. From his vantage point high above
16093-451: Was DJing at a club called The Playground and there was this kid named Leonard 'Remix' Rroy who was a DJ at a rival club called The Rink. He came over to my club one night, and into the DJ booth and said to me, 'I've got the gimmick that's gonna take all the people out of your club and into mine – it's called House music.' Now, where he got that name from or what made him think of it I don't know, so
16226-412: Was a regional catch-all term for dance music, and that it was once synonymous with older disco music before it became a way to refer to "new" dance music. Larry Heard , a.k.a. "Mr. Fingers", claims that the term "house" came from DJs creating music in their house or at home using synthesizers and drum machines, such as the Roland TB-303, Roland TR-808, and TR-909. These synthesizers were used to create
16359-475: Was also featured as part of the soundtrack of a short film entitled EMIC . Other collaborations on the album include Tangerine Dream for Zero Gravity ; Armin van Buuren for " Stardust ", John Carpenter for "A Question of Blood" , Little Boots for If..! and Pete Townshend for Travelator, Pt. 2 . The album became Jarre's first album in over 25 years to make the UK Top 10 at No. 8. In December 2016,
16492-579: Was an influential breakthrough for this subgenre, although the British trio the Beatmasters claimed having invented the genre with their 1986 release " Rok da House ". Another notable figure in the hip house scene was Fast Eddie with "Hip House" and "Yo Yo Get Funky!" (both 1988). Even Farley "Jackmaster" Funk engaged in the genre, releasing "Free at Last", a song to free James Brown from jail that featured The Hip House Syndicate, in 1989, and producing
16625-715: Was associated with lush orchestration, with string orchestra , flutes and horn sections , various disco songs incorporated sounds produced with synthesizers and electronic drum machines, and some compositions were entirely electronic; examples include Italian composer Giorgio Moroder 's late 1970s productions such as Donna Summer 's hit single " I Feel Love " from 1977, Kraftwerk's "' The Man-Machine " album from 1978, Cerrone 's " Supernature " (1977), Yellow Magic Orchestra 's synth - disco-pop productions from Yellow Magic Orchestra (1978) or Solid State Survivor (1979), and several early 1980s productions by hi-NRG groups like Lime , Trans-X and Bobby O . Also important for
16758-532: Was at first unimpressed by the proposal, on a later visit to the city, he was immediately impressed by the visual grandeur of the city's skyline and agreed to perform. Also, 1985 marked the 25th anniversary of the foundation of the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center ; and NASA asked Jarre to integrate the anniversary into the concert. Jarre worked with several Houston-based astronauts , including Bruce McCandless II and Ronald McNair , an accomplished musician who
16891-490: Was based around multiple fragments of human voices pronouncing words and speeches in different languages from all over the world, recorded digitally by Jarre and then played back and edited on the Fairlight CMI . In 1985, Jarre was invited by the musical director of the Houston Grand Opera to perform a concert celebrating Texas 's 150th anniversary on 5 April 1986. Although he was busy with other projects and
17024-586: Was in front of the Erg Chebbi Dunes of Merzouga , in the Sahara . A free event, it was attended by about 25,000 people. Images of water and the environment were projected onto nine vertical screens, held in place by sand which was watered to keep it hard. Several permanent drinking fountains were built on the site, along with a permanent electricity installation. Jarre was accompanied by over 60 Moroccan artists. Jarre released Téo & Téa in 2007,
17157-417: Was produced by Richard James Burgess in 1984 and has been referred to as a proto -house track and a precursor to garage house . The electronic instrumentation and minimal arrangement of Charanjit Singh 's Synthesizing: Ten Ragas to a Disco Beat (1982), an album of Indian ragas performed in a disco style and anticipated the sounds of acid house music, but it is not known to have had any influence on
17290-590: Was released on CD again. The album cover is a pixelated and turned counter-clockwise photo of Jarre's girlfriend at the time, Isabelle Adjani . In October 2004 he returned to China to open its "Year of France" cultural exchange. Jarre gave two performances, the first at the Meridian Gate of the Forbidden City , and the second in Tiananmen Square . More than 15,000 spectators watched
17423-556: Was the first Western musician officially invited to perform in the People's Republic of China and held the world record for the largest-ever audience at an outdoor event for his Moscow concert on 6 September 1997, which was attended by 3.5 million people. Jean-Michel Jarre was born in Lyon on 24 August 1948, to Francette Pejot, a French Resistance member and concentration camp survivor, and composer Maurice Jarre . His grandmother
17556-459: Was to be the soundtrack of a show called Orrimbe, to later be auctioned with the master tapes and plates destroyed. The album was later broadcast exclusively on Radio Luxembourg with Jarre encouraging listeners to record the broadcast. In 1984, he released seventh studio album Zoolook . In this album he expanded the sample-based approach which had been initiated on Les Chants Magnétiques and continued on Music for Supermarkets . The album
17689-652: Was to have played the saxophone on "Rendez-Vous VI", recorded in the weightless environment of space. The live performance was curtailed by McNair's death in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster on 28 January 1986. Consideration was given to the cancellation of the concert; but McCandless contacted Jarre and urged him to proceed, in memory of the shuttle's crew. McNair's saxophone piece was recorded by French saxophonist Pierre Gossez and retitled "Ron's Piece". At Jarre's giant concerts in Houston and Lyon,
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