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105-452: The Gulfstream G650 is a large business jet produced by Gulfstream Aerospace . The model is designated Gulfstream GVI in its type certificate . The aircraft can be configured to carry from 11 to 18 passengers over a range of 7,000 nautical miles [nmi] (13,000 km; 8,100 mi) at a top speed of Mach 0.925 (530.6 kn; 982.7 km/h; 610.6 mph). The aircraft is powered by two Rolls-Royce BR725 turbofans, mounted on
210-608: A Gulfstream G750 ; in 2021 the Dassault Falcon 6X , Learjet 70 XR/75XR and Global 7500 XR; in 2022 the Bombardier Challenger 350XRS ; in 2023 the Citation Hemisphere , an Embraer Legacy 700, Phenom 100 V+, Dassault Falcon 9X, Bombardier Challenger 750 and Gulfstream G400NG ; in 2025 a Citation Mustang 2+. Most production business jets use two jet engines as a compromise between
315-471: A cruciform tail or T-tail to reduce interference drag and increase exhaust clearance. Practical limits on the ground clearance of these smaller aircraft have prompted designers to avoid the common jetliner configuration of a low wing with underslung podded engines. The sole business jet to use this layout, the early McDonnell 119, was rejected by the USAF due to foreign object damage concerns, leading to
420-463: A cruise speed of Mach 0.85 to 0.90, with maximum speed of Mach 0.925 and a range of up to 7,000 nautical miles [nmi] (13,000 km; 8,100 mi). It can be equipped with a full kitchen and bar as well as a variety of entertainment features including satellite telephones and wireless Internet . The jet uses two Rolls-Royce BR725 engines, each producing a maximum thrust of 17,000 pounds-force (75.6 kN ). Gulfstream has stated that with
525-601: A fighter . A U.S. type certificate was awarded in July 1958, but commercial sales were limited, with most examples going to the military; an improved civilian version similar to a modern very light jet , with a six-seat enclosed cabin and a conventional door, never proceeded past the prototype stage. The commercial failure of the MS.760 Paris prompted the cancellation of projects by Cessna and Douglas Aircraft to market similar jets. The development of center-aisle cabin business jets
630-576: A multi-storey car park , allowing extension of the vehicle drop-off and pick up area. The jet centre and hangar facilities would be further extended. Finally the existing terminal building would be replaced. In line with phase 1 of the master plan, London City Airport made a planning application to the London Borough of Newham in August 2007. This would allow it to increase the number of flights per year from 80,000 to 120,000 by 2010. In July 2008,
735-466: A 44,500 lb (20.2 t) maximum take-off weight (MTOW), then two General Electric CF700 turbofans. The smaller, 17,760 pounds (8.06 t) MTOW North American Sabreliner , tailored to the USAF UTX requirement, first flew on 16 September 1958. Powered by two Pratt & Whitney JT12 turbojet engines then Garrett TFE731s , more than 800 were produced from 1959 to 1982. Designed in 1957 for
840-914: A G650ER development aircraft had flown non-stop from Hong Kong to Teterboro, New Jersey in the United States, a distance of 7,494 nautical miles (13,879 km; 8,624 mi); it had also flown non-stop from Los Angeles to Melbourne in Australia. The extra fuel is housed in existing space inside the G650's wings and aircraft already built may be quickly upgraded to the ER version. The G650ER received its certification in October 2014 and began deliveries in late 2014. The G650ER attempted two world records from New York to Beijing to Savannah in February 2015. The same year,
945-558: A G650ER set a new record for the longest non-stop flight by a purpose-built business jet, flying 8,010 nautical miles (14,835 km; 9,218 mi) from Singapore to Las Vegas with four passengers and crew. The record was surpassed by a Bombardier Global 7500 in March 2019, before the G650ER retook the record in April 2019 by flying 8,379 nmi (15,518 km) from Singapore to Tucson. On the eve of
1050-543: A belly-mounted radar 3.9–6 m (13–20 ft) long. However, during the fiscal 2019 budget rollout briefing it was announced that the Air Force will not move forward with an E-8C replacement aircraft. Funding for the JSTARS recapitalization program will instead be diverted to pay for development of an advanced battle management system. In September 2018, Gulfstream was conducting testing at London City Airport to certify
1155-573: A business jet, Embraer derived the Legacy 600 from the Embraer ERJ family of regional jet airliners. Powered by two 8,800 pounds-force (39.2 kN) Rolls-Royce AE 3007s , the first flight of the 50,000 pounds (22.5 t) aircraft was on 31 March 2001. On 14 August 2001, the Bombardier Challenger 300 made its first flight. The 38,850 pounds (17.62 t) aircraft is powered by two 6,825 pounds-force (30.36 kN) HTF7000s . The 500th example
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#17327802784341260-477: A five-year old aircraft is at 56% of the list price. A new business aircraft typically depreciates by 50% in five years before depreciation flattens between years 10 and 15, and the owner of a 15-to-20 year old aircraft is often the last, matching luxury cars . Business jets have varying value retention, between the leading Embraer Phenom 300 E, sold for $ 9.45 million in 2018 and expected to retain 68% of its value 15 years later for $ 6.46 million in 2033, and
1365-505: A jet centre catering to corporate aviation was opened, as well as additional aircraft stands at the western end of the apron . In 2003, a new ground holding point was established at the eastern end of the runway, enabling aircraft awaiting takeoff to hold there whilst other aircraft landed. On 2 December 2005, London City Airport DLR station opened on a branch of the Docklands Light Railway , providing rail access to
1470-455: A single pilot and up to three passengers under a sliding canopy, and was first flown on 29 July 1954; 219 were built. The Lockheed JetStar , designed to meet USAF UCX requirements and seating 10 passengers and two crew, first flew on 4 September 1957. In total, 204 aircraft were produced from 1957 to 1978 powered by several different engines; four 3,300 lbf (15 kN) Pratt & Whitney JT12 turbojets, then Garrett TFE731 turbofans for
1575-673: A total of 689 examples, it is the first of the Cessna Citation family . The trijet Dassault Falcon 50 made its first flight on 7 November 1976. The 40,000 lb (18 t) MTOW airplane is powered by three 3,700 pounds-force (16 kN) TFE731 engines. With the cross-section of the Falcon 20, it is the basis of the larger Falcon 900 . On 8 November 1978, the prototype Canadair Challenger took off. The 43,000–48,000 lb (20–22 t) MTOW craft, usually powered by two 9,200 pounds-force (41 kN) General Electric CF34s , formed
1680-461: A weight of less than 100,000 pounds (45,400 kg ), the G650 is able to land at small general aviation airports allowing passengers to avoid larger more busy airports. To better use the main cabin space, Gulfstream designers rejected the usual circular fuselage cross-section in favor of an oval which uses a flatter lower portion. The cabin is 8 feet 6 inches (2.59 m) wide and 6 feet 3 inches (1.91 m) high, allowing
1785-721: Is a city airport in London , the capital of England and the United Kingdom . It is located in the Royal Docks in the Borough of Newham , about 6 miles (9.7 km) east of the City of London and 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Canary Wharf . These are the two centres of London's financial industry, which is a major user of the airport. The airport was developed by the engineering company Mowlem between 1986 and 1987. In 2016 it
1890-654: Is expected to come from North America for 61%, 16% from Europe, 12% from Latin America, 7% from Asia-Pacific and 4% from Middle East and Africa. For the next decade, Aviation Week predicts 8,683 business jets and 2,877 turboprops deliveries, from 792 jets in 2019 to 917 in 2028, and mostly in North America with 5,986 jets and 2,024 turboprops worth $ 126.1 billion. Most value will come from ultra-long-range jets with $ 104.7 billion, followed by super-midsize jets for $ 33.3 billion and large jets for $ 30.6 billion. The fleet
1995-443: Is powered by two 1,600 pounds-force (7.2 kN) Pratt & Whitney Canada PW600s. With its Phenom 300 development, nearly 600 have been built. The first flight of the midsize, fly-by-wire , 7,000 lbf (31 kN) Honeywell HTF7000 -powered Embraer Legacy 500 was on 27 November 2012. It was followed by the shorter Legacy 450 on 28 December 2013. After peaking in 2008, deliveries slowed due to political instability but
2100-827: Is served by the A1020 road and the A112 road . These give fast links to Canning Town , the City of London and Stratford , as well as connecting to the A13 and the North Circular Road, London ( A406 ). Also the A13 provides easy access to the M25 motorway , as with the A406 connecting to the M11 motorway . The airport has both a short-term and a long-term car park, both within walking distance of
2205-515: Is the fifth-busiest airport by passengers and aircraft movements serving the London area—after Heathrow , Gatwick , Stansted and Luton —and was the 14th-busiest in the UK in 2017. The airport was first proposed in 1981 by Reg Ward , who was Chief Executive of the newly formed London Docklands Development Corporation (LDDC) that was responsible for the regeneration of the area. He in turn discussed
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#17327802784342310-636: Is upgraded to the Symmetry flight deck from the G500/G600. According to flight tracking service SiliconJets using data from ADS-B , current executives flying G650 models on a regular basis include: Bill Gates , Jeff Bezos , Elon Musk , Mark Zuckerberg , Mark Benioff , and Larry Ellison . On April 2, 2011, the second G650 test aircraft crashed during takeoff from the Roswell International Air Center , New Mexico, killing
2415-678: The 2016 London mayoral election and member of the London Assembly Siân Berry has been vocal in calling for the closure of London City Airport and subsequent redevelopment of the area it occupies. Caroline Russell , the leader of the Green Party on the London Assembly and Scott Ainslie , former Green MEP for London and councillor on Lambeth Council have both called for its closure. In March 2020, British Airways suspended its daily service to New York due to
2520-624: The COVID-19 pandemic . London City Airport is served by London City Airport DLR station , which is an elevated station adjoining the terminal building. The station is on a branch of the Docklands Light Railway , which links the airport to Canary Wharf and the City of London as well as to Stratford International and Woolwich Arsenal stations with interchanges to London Underground , London Overground , Elizabeth line , Greater Anglia , c2c , Thameslink and Southeastern High Speed train services. Until 2006, Silvertown railway station on
2625-594: The Cessna CitationJet was first flown. Powered by two 1,900 pounds-force (8.5 kN) Williams FJ44 engines, the 10,500 lb (4.8 t) light jet used a modified Citation II fuselage with a new wing and tail, and was subsequently developed into the CJ series and M2, ultimately replacing the Citation I, Citation II and Citation V series. The 2,000th CitationJet was delivered in 2017. The first flight of
2730-429: The Dassault Falcon business jets are increasingly common. The airport is not available for use by single-engine aircraft or helicopters; recreational flights and single-pilot operations are also not permitted. The size of the airport, constrained by the water-filled Royal Albert and King George V docks to the north and south respectively, also means that there are no covered maintenance facilities for aircraft. In
2835-660: The G550 in an effort to receive a common type rating . While most newer airliners now employ fly-by-wire technology, the G650 was only the second fly-by-wire business jet, after the Dassault Falcon 7X and before the Embraer Legacy 500 . At FL 470 and ISA-7°C, it cruises at Mach 0.85 or 480 kn (890 km/h) TAS and burns 2,400 lb (1,100 kg) per hour at a weight of 67,500 lb (30,600 kg), raising to 3,000 lb (1,400 kg) per h at Mach 0.90 or 506 kn (937 km/h) TAS . The G700's flight deck
2940-681: The Learjet 23 . Powered by two 2,850 pounds-force (12.7 kN) General Electric CJ610s , its 12,500 lb (5.7 t) MTOW complies with FAR Part 23 regulations. The first member of the Learjet family, 104 were built between 1962 and 1966. The forward wing-sweep, 20,280 lb (9.20 t) MTOW Hamburger Flugzeugbau HFB 320 Hansa Jet first flew on 21 April 1964, powered by two General Electric CJ610s; 47 were built between 1965 and 1973. The joint Piaggo-Douglas, 18,000 lb (8.2 t) MTOW Piaggio PD.808 first flew on 29 August 1964, powered by two Armstrong Siddeley Vipers ; 24 were built for
3045-642: The North London line served the airport, but it was closed during the construction of Crossrail . The Elizabeth line , which opened in May 2022, passes around 300 m to the south of the airport, but does not stop there. Proposals were put forward that a new station should be opened on the Elizabeth line to serve the airport, but a London City Airport station was not included in TfL's Crossrail plans. The airport
3150-566: The Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan and Wren House Infrastructure Management of the Kuwait Investment Authority for £2 billion was confirmed in February 2016. The sale was completed on 10 March 2016. In September 2016, British Airways announced the termination of one of its two daily long-haul all-business class services from the airport to New York City, citing economic reasons. Green Party candidate for
3255-697: The Secretary of State for Transport had indicated that he was "disposed to agree the application", but asked for further details. The Greater London Council brought an action in the High Court of Justice to reopen the inquiry. After the High Court dismissed the action in March 1985, outline planning permission was granted in May of that year, followed by the grant of detailed planning permission in early 1986. The airport site had an initial footprint of 37 hectares (92 acres) in area. Construction began on
Gulfstream G650/G700/G800 - Misplaced Pages Continue
3360-536: The military . The first small, jet-powered civilian aircraft was the Morane-Saulnier MS.760 Paris , developed privately in the early 1950s from the MS.755 Fleuret two-seat jet trainer . First flown in 1954, the MS.760 Paris differs from subsequent business jets in having only four seats arranged in two rows without a center aisle, similar to a light aircraft , under a large sliding canopy similar to that of
3465-547: The wet wing fuel capacity increases slightly by 1,200 lb (540 kg). The Pearl 700 turbofan is an improved version of the BR725, with one more low-pressure turbine stage, an overall pressure ratio over 50:1, and a bypass ratio higher than 6.5:1 for a 3–5% better thrust specific fuel consumption . After flight tests, G700 bested its competitor's 7,700 nmi (14,300 km) range and reached up to 7,800–8,000 nmi (14,400–14,800 km). The maximum operating speed of
3570-419: The 1,508-metre-long (4,948 ft) runway and the steep glideslope, limits the aircraft types that can use London City Airport. The size and layout of the airport and overall complexity caused by the lack of taxiways mean that the airport gets very busy during peak hours. The air traffic controllers have to deal with over 38 flights per hour on a runway which, prior to the opening of the full length taxiway at
3675-567: The 18,250 lbf (81.2 kN) turbofans should burn 2–3% less fuel than the G650's R-R BR725s . The aircraft should need a 6,250 ft (1,905 m) runway at MTOW in ISA conditions at sea level and land in 2,500 ft (762 m) at a typical landing weight. It has the same 1,283 sq ft (119.2 m) wing with its 33° wingsweep but the more outboard canted winglets are 3.4 ft (1.0 m) wider. The basic operating weight increases from 54,500 to 56,000 lb (24,700 to 25,400 kg) and
3780-518: The 8,000 nmi (14,800 km) range Gulfstream G800, with the G700 wing and Pearl 700 engines, offering four living areas and 16 windows, with deliveries planned to begin in 2023. Priced at $ 72.5 million, the G800 has a G650-size cabin, 10 ft (3.0 m) shorter than the G700's with two fewer windows per side. The G800 first flew on June 28, 2022 and FAA certification is expected in early 2024. The G650 has
3885-619: The A220-100 completed tests for the 5.5-degree approach in Wichita and Salina, Kansas. The A220-100 was certified for the steep approach landing for London City in April 2017. In 2023, Airbus confirmed working on certifying the larger A220-300 for operation at the airport. Corporate aircraft such as the Beechcraft Super King Air , Cessna CitationJet series, Hawker 400 , Hawker 800 , Piaggio Avanti and variants of
3990-554: The COVID-19 pandemic. In September 2020, the airline confirmed the service would not return. In January 2021, after a delay due to the COVID-19 pandemic , the airport became the first major airport controlled by a remote air traffic control tower . The airport had previously decided to relocate the control tower to a site 80 miles (130 km) away at Swanwick, Hampshire , utilising three cable links providing live video to air traffic controllers. In April 2023, London City became
4095-454: The Flights ) is opposed to expansion due to noise and pollution issues. On 29 September 2009, Fight the Flights took Newham Council to court in order to challenge their decision to allow a 50% increase from 76,000 to 120,000 flights. On 20 January 2010, the challenge was dismissed, and a deadline of 14 days to appeal was set. The plan was given the go-ahead in February 2015. However this
4200-707: The G550. The G650 wing has a sweep of 36 degrees which is greater than wings on previous Gulfstream aircraft like the G550 with a sweep of 27 degrees. It does not use leading-edge high-lift devices , and tracks for rear-mounted flaps are completely enclosed within the airfoil contour. The wing's leading edge is a continuously changing curve, and the airfoil varies continuously from root to tip. The aircraft also incorporates winglets . The aircraft controls are completely fly-by-wire , with no mechanical control between pilot and flight surfaces. The surfaces are moved by dual hydraulic systems. The G650 shares its yokes and column with
4305-412: The G650 hit a maximum speed of Mach 0.995 during a dive as part of its 1,800-hour flight test program. In April 2011, a G650 crashed shortly after liftoff. The cause was determined to be related to the speeds carried out for the single engine takeoff run. The G650 test aircraft were grounded until May 28, 2011, when the remaining test aircraft were allowed to return to flight testing. On September 7, 2012,
Gulfstream G650/G700/G800 - Misplaced Pages Continue
4410-574: The G650 received its type certificate from the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Its first delivery was to an American customer, Preston Henn , on December 27, 2012. The G650 had a nominal list price of $ 64.5 million in 2013, but there was a three-year waiting list. Some aircraft produced for delivery in 2013 sold for more than $ 70 million to buyers that wanted to take immediate delivery. After rising to $ 71-73 million in 2014, initial enthusiasm dissipated and
4515-435: The G650ER and about 0.98 ft (0.3 m) shorter than the competing Bombardier Global 7500 . Its main cabin is 57 ft (17.4 m) long, 6.2 ft (1.9 m) high and 8.2 ft (2.5 m) wide; 2.6 ft (0.8 m) longer, 0.33 ft (0.1 m) wider and a fraction taller than the 7500's cabin. It should carry 19 seated passengers or sleep 10. It will have a MTOW of 107,600 lb (48,800 kg) and
4620-668: The G700 has increased from Mach 0.925 to Mach 0.935, ranking it as the fastest in the Gulfstream product line. In 2023, its equipped price was $ 79.9M. The FAA issued its certificate on 29 March 2024, and the first two deliveries, to U.S.-based customers, took place on 23 April 2024. On April 23, 2024, Gulfstream began customer deliveries of its new G700 aircraft, less than a month after obtaining Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) certification. The first two G700s have begun service. On October 4, 2021, Gulfstream unveiled in Savannah
4725-459: The G700 stretched the airframe by 10 feet (3.0 m) and increased its top speed to Mach 0.935 (536.3 kn; 993.3 km/h; 617.2 mph) using a new wing and improved Rolls-Royce Pearl 700 engines. A fourth variant, the G800 was announced in October 2021. The new aircraft is the same size as the G650 but uses the improved wing and Pearl 700 engines from the G700. The aircraft project
4830-525: The Games, however, the airport was only open for a few hours and there were strict restrictions (for security), and the low capacity ramp and short runway excluded most long-range arrivals. However, it was the closest airport to Olympic Park , with normal scheduled travel by road of 15 minutes. In early 2013, work was expected to start on a £15 million investment programme to refurbish the western pier with new departure gates and improved lounges and to redevelop
4935-623: The Italian Air Force. On 2 October 1966 the first large business jet first flew, the 65,500 lb (29.7 t) MTOW Grumman Gulfstream II , powered by two 11,400 lbf (51 kN) Rolls-Royce Spey turbofans. From 1967 to the late '70s, 258 were built, and it led to the ongoing Gulfstream Aerospace long-range family. The 11,850 lb (5.38 t) MTOW Cessna Citation I first flew on 15 September 1969, powered by two 2,200 pounds-force (9.8 kN) Pratt & Whitney Canada JT15D turbofans. Produced between 1969 and 1985, for
5040-558: The October 2019 NBAA Convention & Exhibition in Las Vegas, Gulfstream announced its new flagship, the G700, showing a video of the aircraft taxiing under its own power in Savannah. It should fly 7,500 nmi/13,890 km at Mach 0.85 or 6,400 nmi/11,853 km at Mach 0.90. Its longer cabin can accommodate up to five areas and has 20 windows. It is powered by Rolls-Royce Pearl 700 engines and has new winglets. Customer deliveries were originally planned to start in 2022. In July 2023, FAA approval
5145-765: The Planning Officer for Newham Council produced a report on the Planning Application, recommending that planning permission be granted. The decision was deferred by the council's Development Control Committee at their meeting on 30 July 2008, following a request from Boris Johnson , the Mayor of London , that the decision be delayed until after a study by the National Air Traffic Services (NATS) has been published. Over 10,000 local residents were consulted by Newham Council over
5250-665: The UCX requirement, the McDonnell 119 was delayed by the cancellation of the Fairchild J83 engine program, and first flew on 11 February 1959 powered by four Westinghouse J34 turbojets. The 119 was certified for a 45,328 lb (20.6 t) MTOW with four Pratt & Whitney JT12 or General Electric CF700 engines, but no firm orders were received, and only the single prototype was completed. The 25,000 lb (11 t) MTOW British Aerospace 125 first flew on 13 August 1962 as
5355-551: The ability to use relatively short runways, and that lower approach speeds would ease single-pilot operations, particularly by relatively inexperienced owner-pilots. Rolls-Royce plc powers over 3,000 business jets, 42% of the fleet: all the Gulfstreams and Bombardier Globals , the Cessna Citation X and Embraer Legacy 600 , early Hawkers , and many small jets with the Williams-Rolls FJ44 . About 70% of
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#17327802784345460-549: The aircraft to perform steep approaches . In 2023, its equipped price was $ 68.5M for the G650, and $ 70.5M for the G650ER. On May 18, 2014, Gulfstream announced at the annual European Business Aviation Association exhibition, that it had developed an extended range version called the G650ER . The G650ER is capable of flying 7,500 nautical miles (13,900 km; 8,600 mi) at Mach 0.85, due to its 4,000 pounds (1,814 kg) increase in fuel capacity. Gulfstream stated that in March
5565-454: The airport for the first time, and providing fast rail links to Canary Wharf and the City of London. By 2006, more than 2.3 million passengers used London City Airport. In October 2006, the airport was purchased from Dermot Desmond by a consortium comprising insurer AIG Financial Products and Global Infrastructure Partners (GIP). In the final quarter of 2008 GIP increased its stake in
5670-468: The airport handled 133,000 passengers. The earliest scheduled flights were operated to and from Plymouth , Paris , Amsterdam and Rotterdam . With a runway of only 1,080 m (3,543 ft) in length, and a slope of the glidepath of 7.5° (for noise abatement reasons), the airport could only be used by a very limited number of aircraft types, principally the Dash 7 and the smaller Dornier 228 . In 1989,
5775-466: The airport submitted a planning application to extend the runway, allowing the use of a larger number of aircraft types. In 1990, the airport handled 230,000 passengers, but the figures fell drastically after the Gulf War and did not recover until 1993, when 245,000 passengers were carried. By this time the extended runway had been approved and opened (on 5 March 1992). At the same time the glide path
5880-458: The airport to 75%, the remaining 25% belonging to Highstar Capital . London City Airport was granted planning permission to construct an extended apron with four additional aircraft parking stands and four new gates to the east of the terminal in 2001; they became operational on 30 May 2008. They are carried on piles above the water of the King George V Dock . British Airways commenced
5985-473: The airport's primary users are business travellers with destinations such as Luxembourg and Frankfurt , although the number of leisure destinations served like Palma de Mallorca , Málaga or Chambéry has increased in recent years. London City is at its busiest during the winter months, when a number of airlines, most notably British Airways and Swiss International Air Lines , fly to ski resort gateway destinations. Zürich , Geneva , and Milan are among
6090-430: The airport, giving the capability of handling 8 million passengers per annum by 2030. It does not propose the addition of a second runway, or significant expansion of the airport boundaries. Phase 1 of this development would be undertaken by 2015. It would include the in-progress construction of the eastern apron extension and provision of a finger pier to the south of this apron to provide passenger access to aircraft using
6195-540: The airport. The Embraer 190 SR underwent trials from 28 March 2009, and thereafter gained approval. The Fokker 70 , BAe Jetstream 41 , Saab 340 and Saab 2000 also have approval for scheduled operations at the airport. A number of airlines including Swiss and Odyssey have ordered the Airbus A220 with the intention of operating it from London City once delivered and approved. A220-100 operations for Swiss from City commenced in late 2017. On 22–23 March 2017,
6300-470: The all-new Learjet 45 was on 7 October 1995. All of the 642 aircraft built since then have been powered by two 3,500 pounds-force (16 kN) TFE731 engines. Powered by two 2,300 pounds-force (10 kN) Williams FJ44s, the 12,500 pounds (5.7 t) Beechcraft Premier I light jet made its first flight on 22 December 1998. Nearly 300 had been made before production stopped in 2013. In the opposite way compared to Bombardier, which developed airliners from
6405-504: The basis of the long range Bombardier Global Express family and of the Bombardier CRJ regional airliners. The 1000th Challenger entered service in 2015. On 30 May 1979 the all-new 22,000 lb (10.0 t) MTOW Cessna Citation III took off for the first time, powered by two 3,650 lbf (16.2 kN) TFE731s. The Mitsubishi MU-300 Diamond made its first flight on 29 August 1978. The 16,100 lb (7.3 t) MTOW jet
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#17327802784346510-841: The check-in desks and some service facilities as well as a staircase leading to the security control on the upper level, after which the airside waiting area and several more shops can be found. The waiting area is connected to piers on both sides where corridors on the upper floor lead to the departure gates on the ground level. As the airport has no jet bridges , walk-boarding is used on all stands. The following airlines operate regular services to and from London City Airport: Passenger numbers at London City Airport saw rapid growth between 2003 and 2008, doubling from around 1.5 million per year to over 3 million. Totals declined in 2009 and 2010, but have since recovered and in 2019 over 5.1 million passengers passed through London City. In 2020, passenger numbers sharply dropped to below 1 million annually during
6615-691: The company denied. The NTSB also objected to Gulfstream's use of legal counsel during the investigation. Related development Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era Business jet A business jet , private jet , or bizjet is a jet aircraft designed for transporting small groups of people, typically business executives and high-ranking associates . Business jets are generally designed for faster air travel and more personal comfort than commercial aircraft , and may be adapted for other roles, such as casualty evacuation or express parcel deliveries , and some are used by public bodies , government officials , VIPs , or even
6720-444: The craft to be configured to carry between 11 and 18 passengers. The fuselage and wing are constructed mostly of metal while composite materials are used for the empennage , winglets, rear pressure bulkhead, engine cowlings , cabin floor structure and many fairings. The elliptical cabin windows, eight on each side of the fuselage, are 28 inches (71 cm) wide. Panels are bonded rather than riveted, reducing parts count compared to
6825-699: The de Havilland DH.125, powered by two 3,000 pounds-force (13 kN) Armstrong Siddeley Viper turbojets. Its engines were replaced by Garrett TFE731s, then Pratt & Whitney Canada PW300 turbofans. Almost 1,700 aircraft of all variants, including the Hawker 800 , were produced between 1962 and 2013. The Aero Commander 1121 Jet Commander, which later became the IAI Westwind , first flew on 27 January 1963, powered by two General Electric CJ610 turbojets, then Garrett TFE731s . Production of Jet Commanders and Westwinds from 1965 to 1987 came to 442 aircraft, and it
6930-406: The destinations popular among winter sports enthusiasts. In July 2020, British Airways announced the termination of its all-business-class flights between City and New York-JFK , which had been operated since 2009. Due to the airport's proximity to Central London, it has stringent rules imposed to limit the noise impact from aircraft operations. This, together with the physical dimensions of
7035-565: The east of the terminal, and a taxiway would be constructed alongside and to the south of the runway, to avoid the need for aircraft to back-track on the runway. Both these developments would involve further reduction in the water area of the King George V Dock. The existing fuel farm would be relocated to a site at the east of the airport, where it could be supplied by barge , and linked to a hydrant based supply system, thus eliminating both road tanker deliveries and on-airport fuel bowser movements. The existing surface car park would be replaced by
7140-477: The end of 2020, required a lengthy backtrack for each aircraft needing to depart from runway 27 or land on runway 09. Operations are restricted to 06:30 to 22:30 Monday to Friday, 06:30 to 13:00 on Saturdays and 12:30 to 22:30 on Sundays. These restrictions are related to noise. On 19 December 2022, the airport applied for the restriction on Saturday afternoon to be removed. This application was rejected by Newham Council on 10 July 2023, citing "continued concerns over
7245-519: The failure of the program. The recent HondaJet uses wing-mounted engines but mitigates this problem with its unique over-the-wing engine pods. As with jetliners, swept wings are often used to increase cruise speed, but straight wings are also commonplace; notably, Cessna deliberately prioritized docile low-speed handling in choosing straight wings for many models in its popular Citation family, envisioning that owners transitioning from slower piston engined or turboprop aircraft would want to maintain
7350-481: The first engine supplier with 30% of the $ 24B revenue, in front of the current leader Rolls-Royce at 25%. Honeywell will hold 45% of the $ 16B in avionics revenue ahead of Rockwell Collins with 37% and Garmin . For 2019–2028, Honeywell predicts 7,700 aircraft to be delivered for $ 251 billion. Its breakdown is 62% big (87% in value) – super-midsize to business liner, 10% midsize (7% in value) – light-medium to medium, and 28% small (6% in value). The global demand
7455-535: The first major UK airport to drop its 100-millilitre liquid rule. Passengers travelling through London City are now able to carry liquids of up to 2 litres in their carry-on luggage for the first time since the liquid rule was implemented in the UK in 2006. Plans were approved to increase the passenger cap at London City Airport from 6.5 million to 9 million passengers with the number of morning flights increasing between 06:00 to 09:00. Owing to London City Airport's proximity to London's Docklands and financial district,
7560-561: The first scheduled transatlantic flights from the airport in September 2009, with a twice a day service to New York City 's John F. Kennedy International Airport via Shannon using a specially configured Airbus A318 aircraft. The A318 is the smallest airliner to operate transatlantic since BA's corporate predecessor, BOAC , began transatlantic jet flights on 4 October 1958, with the De Havilland Comet 4 . The first day of
7665-784: The fleet was in North America at the end of 2011, the European market is the next largest, with growing activity in the Middle East, Asia, and Central America. On 1 April 2017, there were 22,368 business jets in the worldwide fleet, of which 11.2% were for sale. By October 2018, the entire private jet fleet was dominated by Textron ( Beechcraft , Cessna and Hawker branded aircraft) with 43.9%, then Bombardier with 22.4%, Gulfstream with 13.0%, Dassault with 9.6% and Embraer with 5.8%, mostly in North America (64.6%), followed by Europe (13.0%) South America (12.1%) and Asia-Pacific (5.9%). As on March 31, 2019, there are 22,125 business jets in
7770-456: The four Gulfstream employees on board (two pilots and two test engineers). The aircraft was conducting a takeoff-performance test during which an engine failure was simulated by reducing the right engine's thrust to idle. The G650 became airborne briefly at a high angle of attack before its right wingtip hit the runway; then it slid on the ground, struck a concrete berm, and caught fire. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) determined
7875-567: The industry hopes to revive demand by introducing more attractive and competitive new models, four in 2018: In October 2018, consultant Jetcraft expected 20 variants or new designs to enter service before 2023 (seven large, seven midsize and six small): in 2019 the Global 5500/6500 , Gulfstream G600 , Citation XLS ++ and a CitationJet CJ4+ /, while the Embraer Praetor 500/600 to be introduced in 2019 were predicted for 2021/2022; in 2020
7980-414: The international arrivals hall and baggage handling areas. In response to the UK government white paper The Future of Air Transport , the airport operators have produced a master plan outlining their vision for growth up to 2030. The plan was subject to public consultation during spring 2006, and has been republished incorporating comments from this consultation. The master plan shows a phased expansion of
8085-545: The large investment necessary to develop prototypes. Both Lockheed Corporation and McDonnell Aircraft began the development of UCX aircraft, while North American Aviation pursued the UTX requirement. The Morane-Saulnier MS.760 Paris had a gross weight of 7,650 lb (3.47 t), initially powered by two Turboméca Marboré turbojets of 880 lbf (3.9 kN) thrust, although most aircraft were later upgraded to 1,058 lbf (4.71 kN) units. The aircraft seated
8190-491: The late 2000s, AirSea Lines envisaged using the airport as a seaplane base . With space limited in East London , and comparatively low passenger volumes, London City Airport is small compared with several other airports serving London, such as Heathrow , Gatwick , Stansted , Southend and Luton . The airport has a single, two-storey passenger terminal building with 18 gates, all hardstands. The ground floor contains
8295-533: The nearby West India Docks , in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the STOLport project. Later that year the LDDC published a feasibility study, an opinion poll amongst local residents showed a majority in favour of the development of the airport, and Mowlem submitted an application for planning permission . A 63-day planning inquiry started on 6 June 1983. By the middle of the following year, Nicholas Ridley
8400-406: The new parking stands. The terminal building would also be extended to use the triangle of land between it and the railway station. The existing jet centre serving corporate aviation would be extended, a new hangar built to allow aircraft maintenance, and a replacement fire station provided. Phases 2 and 3 would be undertaken between 2015 and 2030. Further aircraft parking stands would be built to
8505-485: The noise and environmental impact of the airport on those living nearby." Mid-range airliners seen at London City include the ATR 42 (both −300 and −500 variants), ATR 72 , Airbus A318 , Bombardier Dash 8 Q400 , BAe 146/Avro RJ , Dornier 328 , Embraer ERJ 135 , Embraer 170 , Embraer 190 and Fokker 50 . On 30 January 2009, trials were completed successfully with the ATR 72–500 , leading to its approval for use at
8610-483: The operating economy of fewer engines and the ability to safely continue flight after an engine failure. Exceptions include the early Lockheed Jetstar with four engines; the Dassault Falcon 50 and derivatives with three; and the Cirrus Vision SF50 with one, a configuration also used in several similar very light jet design concepts. Most business jets use podded engines mounted on the rear fuselage with
8715-438: The plan of which 1,109 replied, 801 with objections and 308 in support. The 801 objections mainly concerned increase in noise, increase in air pollution, surface transport, socio-economics and regeneration. The 308 supporters mainly concerned the reduction of air pollution, an alternative London and 2012 Olympic gateway, additional jobs, and benefiting to the local economy. The residents campaign group HACAN East (formerly Fight
8820-576: The probable cause of the crash was an aerodynamic stall of the aircraft, due to a failure to properly develop and validate takeoff speeds involving persistent and increasingly aggressive attempts to achieve a V2 speed that was too low. It found that Gulfstream's investigation of the two previous uncommanded roll events was inadequate. Following the crash, Gulfstream raised the V2 speed of the G650 from 135 knots (250 km/h) to 150 knots (280 km/h). The NTSB accused Gulfstream of withholding information, which
8925-461: The proposal with chairman of John Mowlem & Co Sir Philip Beck and the idea of an airport for Docklands was born. By November of that year Mowlem and Bill Bryce of Brymon Airways had submitted an outline proposal to the LDDC for a Docklands STOLport city centre gateway. On 27 June 1982 Brymon's Captain Harry Gee landed a de Havilland Canada Dash 7 turboprop aircraft on Heron Quays , in
9030-491: The purpose of training pilots to operate at this specific airport. Only multi-engine, fixed-wing aircraft up to Embraer E195-E2 , Airbus A220 and A318 size with special aircrew and aircraft certification to fly 5.5° approaches, the strict noise limitations and further restrictions are allowed to conduct operations at London City Airport. As of 2020, the airport is about 60 hectares (150 acres) in size. London City had over 5.1 million passenger movements in 2019. It
9135-483: The rear fuselage. Gulfstream began the G650 program in 2005 and revealed it to the public in 2008. The G650ER is an extended-range version of the G650, adding about 500 nmi (930 km; 580 mi) by modifying the fuel system, an upgrade offered for existing G650 aircraft. At its introduction, the G650 was the company's largest and fastest business jet, until being surpassed by the G700 . Introduced in October 2019,
9240-577: The service, one week after Willie Walsh of British Airways pledged to the United Nations that aviation would deliver deep cuts in carbon emissions, was disrupted by activists from Plane Stupid and Fight the Flights dressed up in business suits. Before the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, it was reported that over £7 million (in 2011) was invested in the terminal to extend the Central Search area and adding other improvements. During
9345-485: The site shortly after permission was granted, with Charles, Prince of Wales laying the foundation stone of the terminal building, designed by R Seifert and Partners, on 2 May 1986. The first aircraft landed on 31 May 1987, with the first commercial services operating from 26 October 1987. Queen Elizabeth II officially opened London City Airport in November of the same year. In 1988, the first full year of operation,
9450-485: The trailing $ 24.5 million Gulfstream G280 , predicted to retain 42% of its value for $ 10.25 million. In October 2017 Jetcraft forecast 8,349 unit deliveries in the next decade for $ 252 billion, a 30.2 $ M average. Cessna should lead the numbers with 27.3% of the deliveries ahead of Bombardier with 20.9%, while Gulfstream would almost lead the revenue market share with 27.8% trailing Bombardier with 29.2%. For 2016–2025, Jetcraft forecast Pratt & Whitney Canada should be
9555-536: The value of pre-owned G650s stabilized at $ 50 million after the competing Bombardier Global 7500 was certified in 2018. Also in May 2014, Gulfstream confirmed that the G650 would be offered to the United States Air Force for its program to replace the E-8C JSTARS air-to-ground surveillance and targeting aircraft. The still emerging requirements call for an aircraft with a 10-13 man crew and
9660-497: The wing in a configuration unique amongst business jets. As of March 2020, 150 had been delivered. It was followed by the 8,645 pounds (3.921 t) MTOW Cessna Citation Mustang on 23 April 2005, powered by two 1,460 pounds-force (6.5 kN) Pratt & Whitney Canada PW600s and with more than 450 produced. Then the Embraer Phenom 100 made its maiden flight on 26 July 2007. The 10,500 pounds (4.75 t) MTOW airplane
9765-1010: The worldwide fleet and top 20 country markets account for 89% of this total fleet. In 2015 the total airplane billing amounted to US$ 21.9 billion, and 718 business jets were delivered to customers across the globe: 199 (27.7%) by Bombardier Aerospace , 166 (23.1%) by Textron Aviation , 154 (21.4%) by Gulfstream Aerospace , 120 (16.7%) by Embraer and 55 (7.7%) by Dassault Aviation . In 2017, 676 business jets were shipped, led by Gulfstream with $ 6.56 billion for 120 aircraft, Bombardier with $ 5.2 billion for 140, Textron with $ 2.87 billion (including propeller aircraft and 180 jets), Dassault with $ 2.42 billion for 49 and Embraer with $ 1.35 billion for 109. In 2022, 712 business jets were shipped, led by Gulfstream with $ 6.60 billion for 120 aircraft, Bombardier with $ 6,04 billion for 123, Textron Aviation with $ 3,62 billion, Dassault Aviation with $ 1,76 billion for 32, Embraer with $ 1,36 for 102 and Pilatus with $ 900 million for 123 aircraft. The residual value level for
9870-428: Was accelerated by an August 1956 United States Air Force (USAF) letter of the requirement for two " off-the-shelf " aircraft, the larger UCX (cargo) and smaller UTX (trainer). These requirements differed from standard USAF procurement contracts in that no formal competitions would occur, and manufacturers were expected to develop the aircraft without government funds; despite this, a substantial USAF purchase would offset
9975-426: Was bought by a Canadian-led consortium of AIMCo , OMERS , the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan and Wren House Infrastructure Management of the Kuwait Investment Authority . London City Airport has a single 1,508-metre-long (4,948 ft) runway, and a CAA Public Use Aerodrome Licence (Number P728) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers; this licence also allows training flights, but only for
10080-435: Was built and tested, including an ultimate-pressure test of 18.37 psi (127 kPa). The G650 taxied under its own power for the first time on September 26, 2009. A public rollout ceremony was held on September 29, 2009. The G650 had its maiden flight on November 25, 2009. Flight testing for the maximum operating speed of Mach 0.925 was announced as completed on May 4, 2010. Gulfstream reported on August 26, 2010, that
10185-498: Was delivered in 2015. The first very light jet, the 5,950 pounds (2.70 t) MTOW Eclipse 500 , took off for the first time on 26 August 2002, powered by two 900 pounds-force (4.0 kN) Pratt & Whitney Canada PW600s . Between then and the end of production in 2008, 260 were produced. Another new small jet, the 10,701 pounds (4.854 t) Honda HA-420 HondaJet , first flew on 3 December 2003 powered by two 2,050 pounds-force (9.1 kN) GE Honda HF120 engines mounted above
10290-523: Was developed as the IAI Astra , later rebranded as the Gulfstream G100 . The 29,000 lb (13 t) MTOW Dassault Falcon 20 first flew on 4 May 1963, powered by two General Electric CF700s , then Garrett ATF3 turbofans and Garrett TFE731s. In total, 508 were built from 1963 to 1988, and it is the basis of the Dassault Falcon family. The first light jet first flew on 7 October 1963 -
10395-515: Was expected to be received in the autumn. The $ 75 million jet is a 10 ft (3.0 m) stretch of the G650. The aircraft completed its first flight on February 14, 2020. The G700 should share its fly-by-wire cockpit with the G500/G600 : active control sidesticks and Honeywell Primus Epic flight deck with synthetic and enhanced vision systems for a common type rating . The jet is 110 ft (33.5 m) long, about 9.8 ft (3 m) longer than
10500-419: Was formally launched as an internal company project in May 2005, and publicly unveiled on March 13, 2008. At the public announcement occasion, company executives stated the new model would become Gulfstream's largest, fastest and most expensive business jet on entry to the market. The wing design was completed in 2006. A total of 1,400 hours of wind tunnel testing was completed by 2008. A pressure-test fuselage
10605-607: Was named the 2014 winner of the Collier Trophy , for having "strengthened business aviation through significant technological advancements in aircraft performance, cabin comfort, and safety." The 300th was delivered in April 2018, just over five years since introduction in December 2012. The 400th was delivered in December 2019, seven years after the type's introduction. The 500th was delivered by Gulfstream's Appleton completions facility in September 2022. The Gulfstream G650
10710-446: Was overturned by Boris Johnson in March 2015. On 27 July 2016 London City Airport was given approval by authorities for their £344 million expansion plan. In October 2015, Global Infrastructure Partners which owned 75% of the facility, put it up for sale, with the agreement of Oaktree Capital Management which holds the remaining 25%. A sale to a Canadian-led consortium of Alberta Investment Management Corporation (AIMCo), OMERS ,
10815-416: Was powered by two 2,900 lbf (13 kN) JT15D . The design was later sold and was renamed Beechjet 400 then Hawker 400 , with a total of 950 produced of all variants. The 1980s only saw the introduction of derivatives and no major new designs. Also there was an advent of fractional ownership in the late 1980s for business jets. For much of the 1980s, sales of new aircraft slumped. On 29 April 1991,
10920-582: Was predicted to grow from 31,300 aircraft to nearly 35,600 with Textron leading the market with 25% of deliveries worth $ 32.1 billion. For the decade starting in 2018, 22,190 engine deliveries were forecast (including several turboprop engine models), led by the Honeywell HTF7000 , Williams FJ44 and Pratt & Whitney Canada PW300 . The average utilization was forecast to be 365 flight hours per aircraft per year. London City Airport London City Airport ( IATA : LCY , ICAO : EGLC )
11025-524: Was reduced to 5.5°, still steep for a European airport (the slope of an airport glide path is normally 3.0°), but sufficient to allow a larger range of aircraft, including the BAe 146 regional jet liner and Airbus A318 , to serve the airport. By 1995, passenger numbers reached half a million, and Mowlem sold the airport to Irish businessman Dermot Desmond . Five years later passenger numbers had climbed to 1,580,000, and over 30,000 flights were operated. In 2002,
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