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77-513: The original fortification was built by Karelians but the castle seen today is from medieval times. It was first mentioned in a Novgorodian chronicle of 1143 as Korela , and archaeological digs have revealed a layer belonging to the 12th century. Swedish chronicles first reported of the settlement of Keksholm in 1294. Until the 16th century, the fortress belonged to the Novgorod Republic , followed by Muscovy . Novgorodians built

154-430: A blank slate, on which are listed the names of his closest relatives, a few moral truisms ("the weak must be protected"), several innate social instincts ("I'm not very fond of Jews") and the name of his favorite band ("Nautilus Pompilius"). Saprykin characterizes Bagrov's signature unflappable shooting style as "the fastest movement towards the goal, with all ethical corners cut off; the simplest solution for any problem, he

231-516: A chance to realize himself to the fullest," but family ties lost meaning. Balabanov wanted to show the importance and value of lost connections, even though Danila was alone in confronting all the circumstances of the world around him. Literary critic and publicist Viktor Toporov  [ ru ] , studying the draft version of the script, noted that it is connected with other Balabanov films, both previous and subsequent, through various details: Balabanov's integrity becomes especially obvious in

308-510: A clash of positions. [...] Danya Bagrov served his country on a certain front, returned and decided to help his brother. Each of us has such a contradiction of good, evil, love, hate, strength, and weakness mixed in us. In this contradiction, we must find a hero who will unite the weak and the strong in himself - and say: "Yes, you can live with this! And not lose, and get rich, and be strong, and be saved." Journalist and critic Yuri Saprykin  [ ru ] defined Danila's personality as

385-627: A complaint about his administration, and Patrikas was forced to exchange Korela for Ladoga and Russa . Patrikas occupied his lands in Ingria and Karelia at least from 1383 to 1397. In 1408, it is recorded that he settled in Moscow under the protection of Vasili I , together with his younger sons, Georgi and Fyodor, who had grown up in Ingria. Soon after their seizure of Korela in 1580, the Swedes rebuilt

462-432: A filming set for a Nautilus Pompilius music video. 61°01′46″N 30°07′22″E  /  61.02944°N 30.12278°E  / 61.02944; 30.12278 Karelians Karelians ( Karelian : karjalaižet, karjalazet, karjalaiset ; Finnish : karjalaiset ; Swedish : kareler, karelare ; Russian : карелы , romanized :  karely ) are a Baltic Finnic ethnic group who are indigenous to

539-593: A forceful sundering as Sweden and Novgorod divided Karelian lands and their inhabitants by signing a peace agreement . The agreement transferred governance of all western Karelian lands to Swedish sovereignty, while eastern Karelian lands fell under Novgorodian rule. This sundering started a long process of separation of Karelians into two different halves, with the main difference being religion, as western Karelians became first Roman Catholic and later Lutheran , while eastern Karelians were converted to Eastern Orthodoxy. Subsequent wars had Karelians fighting on both sides of

616-462: A frustrated Danila goes to Hoffman, discusses with him the pernicious influence of the big city on people and finally offers him money, but he refuses. Then Danila meets Kat, tells her about his departure and gives her a wad of dollars. At the end of the film, Danila goes out onto a snowy highway, catches a ride and leaves for Moscow. The film also features brief appearances from several Russian rock musicians: According to director Aleksei Balabanov,

693-554: A high level of Steppe-related admixture. Karelians cluster with Finns and Vepsians . Karelians share more IBD ( identity-by-descent ) segments with several other Uralic-speaking groups, including geographically distant ones from Volga-Ural and Siberia , than with their non-Uralic-speaking neighbours. This is consistent with the idea that the Uralic peoples share common roots to some degree. Karelians are found to have significant IBD sharing with some non-Uralic-speaking peoples from

770-403: A husband who is rarely home and who constantly beats her. Meanwhile, Krugly finds the tram on which Danila escaped and asks Sveta about it, who puts Krugly on a false trail. Krugly promises to punish her if she deceived them. Danila goes to visit Sveta, having bought her a radio with a CD player as a gift. Left alone in the room, he runs into Sveta's husband, who unexpectedly arrives. Danila takes

847-456: A joint raid of Novgorod and Karelians on Tavastia in 1191. In the 13th century, the Karelian relationship with Novgorod underwent significant changes, from partnership and alliance to gradual dominance by the latter. In 1227, an attempt was made to convert Karelians to Eastern Orthodoxy . In 1253, Karelians aided Novgorod in its wars with Estonians . In 1269, the prince of Novgorod prepared

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924-667: A number of factors. These include low birthrates (characteristic of the region in general) and especially Russification , due to the predominance of Russian language and culture. In 1926, according to the census, Karelians only accounted for 37.4% of the population in the Soviet Karelian Republic (which at that time did not yet include territories that would later be taken from Finland and added, most of which had mostly Karelian inhabitants), or 100,781 Karelians. Russians, meanwhile, numbered 153,967 in Karelia, or 57.2% of

1001-447: A raid against Karelians, but he abandoned his plans as he was advised against it by his councilors. In 1278, Novgorod made war against Karelians and, according to the chronicle, put Karelian lands "to sword and fire", which significantly reduced Karelian military power. While Novgorod unsuccessfully tried to subdue Karelians, Sweden achieved its goals over the neighbouring Finnish tribes. The Swedes raided Karelian lands, began to convert

1078-603: A single unnecessary frame or word. With amazing acting , its organic nature and energy going far beyond the concept of "acting" - like De Niro in Taxi Driver or Huppert in The Piano Teacher . Perfectly fitting the definition of a "masterpiece". [...] Brother is either a tragedy or a comedy of the loneliness of the hero, who dreamed of loved ones, but ended up with his pistol in the Lutheran cemetery in

1155-608: A sub-group of the Finns. The ideology of Karelianism inspired Finnish artists and researchers, who believed that the Orthodox Karelians had retained elements of an archaic, original Finnish culture which had disappeared from Finland. This led to numerous confusions with some claiming that western and eastern Karelians were different nations. As Finland gained its independence in 1917 the process of "finnisation" continued, but now even eastern Karelians were viewed as part of

1232-458: A thug attempts to extort him. Unbeknown to their mother, Viktor is an accomplished hitman who goes by the nickname "Tatar", working for a St. Petersburg mafia boss called "Krugly" (Russian for "round"). His latest target is "the Chechen", a Chechen mafia boss who had seized a local market. Krugly, who is unhappy with the amount of money that Viktor demanded for the hit, orders his thugs to watch

1309-425: A time of great change, but who has ceased to feel History." In his opinion, Danila needs his close and dear ones, but he does not find them, or finds in them something other than what he was looking for: A character close to the viewer, almost family, living in the world of the film - the main, if not the only film for the entire 1990s, exhaustively describing and summarizing that turning point decade. And, of course,

1386-538: Is Krugly's work. Krugly takes Viktor hostage and, threatening to kill him, demands that he hand over Danila and return the money. At this point, Danila calls his brother and is suspicious after hearing his frightened voice. Danila buys a shotgun from his landlord, makes a sawed-off shotgun out of it and, rescuing his brother, kills Krugly and his men. In light of these events, Viktor is afraid that Danila will punish him for betrayal, but Danila calms him down, remembering sentimental memories from their childhood. Danila takes

1463-505: Is approximately as common for Karelian males, and 10 percent of them belong to the haplogroup I-M170 . The mtDNA haplogroups among Karelians include H (45.7 %) and U (27.2 %), especially its subclade U5 . While their autosomal ancestry is mostly European, Karelians also carry some Siberian-related admixture (6–12 %) commonly found in Uralic-speaking groups. Like other Baltic Finnic peoples, Karelians have

1540-594: Is closely related to the Finnish language . There are the dialects of what can be classified of Karelian language Ludic in the easternmost part of Karelian republic is currently considered as language of its own. In addition to that, dialects of Karelian language are also spoken in different locations in the current area of Finland and elsewhere after WWII and in some villages near the Russian border in Kainuu region

1617-403: Is like a bullet that flies in a straight line." Danila aims at a businessman with the same readiness as he does at an ordinary bandit or a careless husband, and he would shoot a random passerby with the same thoughtless readiness if he were in the bullet's path. Class enmity is absent from his simple value grid, where only the division into friends and foes is important, and with the exception of

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1694-533: The Chechen War , returns to his hometown. His mother insists that he travel to Saint Petersburg to seek out his successful older brother Viktor, whom his mother is confident will help him make a living. Arriving in Saint Petersburg, Danila wanders around the city and befriends Kat, an energetic party girl, and an elderly Russian German named Hoffman, a homeless street vendor whom Danila helps after

1771-630: The Republic of Karelia , where they are the designated ethnic group, and in other adjacent north-western parts of the country. They traditionally speak the Karelian language and are Eastern Orthodox Christians . There are also significant Karelian enclaves in the Tver and Novgorod oblasts , as some Karelians migrated to those areas after the Russo-Swedish War of 1656–1658. In Finland,

1848-614: The Tver oblast of Russia , resettled after Russia's defeat in 1617 against Sweden — in order to escape forced conversion to Lutheranism in Swedish Karelia . The Russians also promised tax deductions if the Orthodox Karelians migrated there. Olonets (Aunus) is the only city in Russia where the Karelians form a majority (60% of the population). Karelians have been declining in numbers in modern times significantly due to

1925-552: The Un Certain Regard section at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival . After its release on VHS in June 1997, Brother unexpectedly became one of the most commercially successful Russian films of the 1990s and quickly rose to cult film status throughout Russia. Due to the film's popularity and fan demand, a sequel, Brother 2 , was released in 2000. Danila Bagrov ( Sergei Bodrov Jr. ), recently discharged after serving in

2002-609: The Vikings as early as the 7th century. Another mention of Karelians in Scandinavian sources is The Chronicle of Erik . Part of the Chronicle attributes to the Karelians the sack and pillage of Sigtuna in 1187. This mention of Karelian raids on Sweden in the chronicle is given as the main reason to found Stockholm , the current capital of Sweden . The first mention of Karelians in Russian chronicles dates to 1143, when

2079-538: The historical region of Karelia , which is today split between Finland and Russia . Karelians living in Russian Karelia are considered a distinct ethnic group closely related to Finnish Karelians , who are considered a subset of Finns . This distinction historically arose from Karelia having been fought over and eventually split between Sweden and Novgorod , resulting in Karelians being under different cultural spheres. In Russia, Karelians mostly live in

2156-479: The treaty of Nöteborg of 1323. In the 1330s, the Novgorod Republic gave the castle of Korela (and practically the entire Votian fifth  [ ru ] , including the forts of Oreshek and Ladoga ), to duke Narimantas of Lithuania. In 1383 Korela, Oreshek and Koporye were inherited by Narimantas' son, Patrikas , the forefather of the Galitzine princely clan. The following year local burghers lodged

2233-493: The Chechen, so that he can kill the Tatar to avoid paying him. Danila eventually meets up with Viktor. To avoid exposure, Viktor passes his assignment to his brother, gives him money to settle into the city, and then lies to him that the Chechen has been extorting from him, asking Danila to perform the hit. Danila agrees. Through Hoffman's friends, Danila rents a room in the apartment of an elderly alcoholic war veteran. Arriving in

2310-593: The Fennoman movement started and the new Finnish nation commenced its forming and shaping process, attempts were made to restore the lost Finnish identity. The process of "finnisation" of Finland started. As part of that process during the 19th century, Finnish folklorists including Elias Lönnrot traveled to different parts of Eastern Karelia to gather folklore and epic poetry. The Orthodox Karelians in North Karelia and Russia were now seen as close brethren or even

2387-539: The Finnish government until recently, most of these Karelians had no choice but to learn Finnish and now speak mostly Finnish. During the Early Middle Ages , settlers from western Finland mixed with the local population to form the Karelian ethnic group. Possible migration from elsewhere may also have contributed to the Karelian ethnic composition. Archeological evidence indicates that Karelian inhabitation

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2464-611: The Finnish language after the war. Some of the evacuees later immigrated , mainly to Sweden, Australia and North America . Russian Karelians, living in the Republic of Karelia, are nowadays rapidly being absorbed into the Russian population. This process began several decades ago. For example, it has been estimated that even between the 1959 and 1970 Soviet censuses, nearly 30 percent of those who were enumerated as Karelian by self-identification in 1959 changed their self-identification to Russian 11 years later. The Karelian language

2541-666: The Finnish nation. From 1918 to 1922, Finland made several attempts to expand into Eastern Karelia with some support by local Karelians. Several thousands of eastern Karelians migrated to Finland by 1922 from different parts of Eastern Karelia. After the Winter War, Finland had to cede the Karelian Isthmus and Ladoga Karelia to the USSR . As the local Karelian population was unwilling to end up under Soviet rule, over 400,000 people were evacuated across Finland's new border from

2618-464: The Novgorod chronicle mentions that Karelians raided neighbouring Tavastia (Häme). Russian chronicles referred to Karelians as Koryela . Until the end of the 13th century, Karelians enjoyed a period of relative independence and self-government. However, as Karelians came in contact with Novgorod some of them started to take part in internal and external Novgorodian politics. Russian chronicles mention

2695-498: The St. Petersburg Cinema House in 1997. After attending the premiere, critic Sergei Dobrotvorsky said that Brother would become "the main event of the country." The film was released on VHS in June 1997. It premiered on television on 12 December 1997 on the NTV channel. On 24 March 2022, the film, along with its sequel, was re-released in cinemas. Vesti.ru noted that "the first day of

2772-832: The Swedish De la Gardie Campaign to assist Russia against the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth . They were incorporated with Sweden as Kexholm County in the Treaty of Stolbovo in 1617. The fortress and the region remained with Sweden until Peter the Great captured the fortress and parts of Kexholm County during the Great Northern War . After losing the Finnish War in 1809 Sweden ceded its eastern half to Russia and in 1812 Kexholm ( Finnish : Käkisalmi )

2849-493: The Tatar, who is always a friend because he is a brother, this division is always established by chance, according to the situation. Saprykin also agrees with the author of Balabanov's biography, Maria Kuvshinova, regarding the role of Hoffman, who he see as a kind of alter ego of Balabanov. Brother was selected for screening at a number of Russian and international film festivals, where it won many awards. The festivals include, among others: The domestic premiere took place at

2926-566: The aid of some of the sympathizing local Orthodox population, but after two years of fighting both sides came to a stand-still. Many of the Karelians who remained Orthodox by 1658 were unwilling to remain in Sweden and convert to Lutheranism, which triggered a mass migration of many Orthodox Karelians from these areas into other parts of Russia, some going to the region of Tver and forming the Tver Karelians minority, while others moved to

3003-734: The apartment by mistake. Danila follows Butusov up to the apartment on the floor above and listens to the music. Returning to the apartment and seeing that the bandits have killed the owner and are about to deal with Stepan, Danila says that he will do it himself, takes a gun from one of the bandits, but unexpectedly shoots the two bandits. With Stepan's help, he hides the bodies in the cemetery and asks Hoffman to bury them. Krugly and his men begin hunting for Danila. They come to Svetlana, beat her and rape her, but they fail to find out anything about Danila. A bandit nicknamed Krot sets up an ambush for Danila, but Danila manages to survive and kill Krot. Coming to Sveta and seeing her beaten, Danila learns that this

3080-468: The audition. She was trained to drive a tram specifically for the role. The large-knit sweater worn by Danila was bought by the artist Nadezhda Vasilyeva at a flea market for forty rubles. In the last scene, the truck driver who picked up Danila was played by the film's cameraman Sergei Astakhov; by the end of filming, Balabanov had not found an actor who could drive a truck, and the stuntmen did not suit him. The Nautilus Pompilius that Sveta and Danila attend

3157-451: The band Chizh & Co ). There are some elements of the draft that are different from the film, such as: The film was shot in thirty-one days. According to producer Sergei Selyanov, the film cost about 10,000 US dollars to shoot. Many actors worked for a nominal fee or for free. According to Svetlana Pismichenko, who played Sveta, she was paid a thousand dollars for her role. During filming, she wore her own clothes that she also wore to

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3234-419: The briefcase with money from the apartment and advises his brother to return home to his mother and get a job with the police. Then he comes to Sveta, but, having witnessed her husband beating her again, he shoots him in the legs with a sawed-off shotgun. Unexpectedly for Danila, Sveta rushes to help her abusive husband, shouting at Danila that she does not love him and demanding that he leave. Having left Sveta,

3311-489: The changes happening in Northern Karelia and Kainuu. However, in 1617, the history of Karelians underwent a significant change as Russia ceded to Sweden, along with other territories, the eastern part of the Karelian Isthmus, Ladoga Karelia and modern-day North Karelia . This meant that the majority of Karelians were again living in one country, yet it did not bring peace to the Karelian people. As Sweden commenced

3388-529: The cinema. The films seem to be legendary, unsurprisingly, but it’s still amazing." As of 3 April 2022, the film's re-release collected 59.5 million rubles or 577,000 US dollars with an audience of 219,000. Brother has an approval rating of 100% on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , based on 5 reviews, and an average rating of 7.63/10. Other songs featured in the film are " Max Don't Have Sex With Your Ex " by E-rotic , " Coz I Luv You " by Slade , and " Giamaica " by Robertino Loreti Following

3465-449: The closet - and readily uses on herself - almost the entire arsenal of SM. Which, on the one hand, ties her together (forgive me this pun) with both the "porn divas" from Freaks and the daughter of the district committee secretary from Cargo 200 , and on the other, in a purely Fassbinderian way, turns her into the long-suffering Mother Russia! Film critic Anton Dolin describes Danila as "a man who has fallen out of context, living in

3542-413: The company of a German and a director who is scared to death of him. It is as if he has a presentiment that new times are about to come, in which there will be no place for either the author or the actor. And the hero will be appropriated and called "brother" by the trivial thieves from Krugly's gang - those who unsuccessfully tried to kill him in the film. In fact, Danila Bagrov did not have any brothers. He

3619-564: The concept of Brother was born from his old idea to make a film about bandits and musicians, since he was close to both. Music was to play a prominent role in this concept. Looking for a suitable soundtrack, Balabanov chose the band Nautilus Pompilius, since he had been friends with the vocalist Vyacheslav Butusov since his time in Sverdlovsk . Other musicians invited to filming included the band Aquarium and vocalists Nastya Poleva  [ ru ] and Sergey Chigrakov (the latter from

3696-648: The conflict and often against each other. Meanwhile, Karelians on the Novgorodian and later Russian side of the border continued to settle northward towards the White Sea. By the late 14th century, Russian Karelians established control over White Karelia and came in conflict with the Norwegians on the peninsula of Kola. As the struggle for power in the region continued over the next centuries the borderline between Sweden and Russia moved several times with most of

3773-463: The current stone bastions and towers in 1364 after a fire had destroyed the original wooden fortress in 1360. During a Swedish-Novgorodian war in 1314, a small Karelian force re-captured their fortress from the representatives of Novgorod. They invited Swedes to keep it against Novgorod ; however, the Novgorodians reconquered the fortress. The fortress was confirmed as belonging to Novgorod in

3850-611: The eastern portion of Finnish Karelia were ceded to the Soviet Union . During the Continuation War in 1941–1944, Finland temporarily gained back Käkisalmi, until the Soviet Union managed to reclaim it. The town was renamed Priozersk on October 1, 1948. In October 1996, the opening scene of the film Brother was filmed outside the walls of the fortress. In the scene, the protagonist, Danila Bagrov, walks onto

3927-524: The eighth century. The considerably higher number of archeological discoveries in these regions from AD 800 to AD 1050 indicates that the Karelian population grew and expanded rapidly during this time. The first written mention of Karelia and Karelians occurs in Scandinavian sources. Several old Scandinavian sagas and chronicles refer to Karelia sometimes as Karjalabotn, Kirjalabotnar, or Kirjaland, which means that Karelians and Karelia were known to

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4004-401: The film's re-release brought in 7 million rubles, which for the current situation is an excellent result. Foreign releases earn much less in a weekend than Brother earned in a day." The film's producer, Sergei Selyanov, admitted that "We didn't make any predictions, but the result exceeded our wildest expectations. We were impressed that viewers who had seen both films 10-20 times still came to

4081-513: The film's success, Balabanov initially planned to make two sequels: the second instalment was to take place in Moscow and the third in United States . During the writing phase, however, he abandoned this idea and combined the second and third parts into a single sequel instead. Brother 2 is notable for having a significantly higher budget, placing more emphasis on action sequences, and being set in Moscow and Chicago . In September 2022,

4158-484: The fortress following a Western European pattern of bastion fortifications. In the Treaty of Teusina of 1595 Sweden undertook to return Korela to Russia. This was effected in 1597. During the subsequent Ingrian War starting 1610, Gustavus Adolphus restored Swedish control of the castle and the whole area. During the Time of Troubles , Korela was a prize promised by Vasily IV of Russia to Jacob De la Gardie as part of

4235-436: The keys to the room from him and forbids him to show up in the future. After going to a party with Kat and having sex with her, Danila wakes up in his apartment to a phone call from Viktor. Pretending to be ill, Viktor asks him to take part in another job in his place, and Danila agrees again. Meanwhile, Krugliy decides to draw the Tatar into a combined raid. Danila meets the two bandits and together they go to an apartment where

4312-465: The local population to Roman Catholicism and attempted to ensure their complete dominance with the foundation of castles, in 1293 at Vyborg and in 1295 at Kexholm (Käkisalmi in Finnish, Koryela in Russian chronicles), on the sites of ancient Karelian settlements. However, Novgorod managed to repel the Swedish attack by capturing and burning down Kexholm Castle. After this, Sweden and Novgorod engaged in

4389-462: The local population to Orthodoxy these did not meet with any success. After Russia conquered the entire Finnish territories in yet another Russo-Swedish war in 1808–09, it was decided to join the Karelian Isthmus and Ladoga Karelia to the newly formed Grand Duchy of Finland in 1812, which brought all western Karelians into the same state with Finns, while eastern Karelians remained under independent Russian administration. Although Karelians ended up in

4466-435: The long conflict for rule over the Karelians and their lands. In 1314, Karelians rose up against efforts made to convert them to Christianity, according to the Novgorod chronicle. The first rebellion started against Russian Orthodoxy with Käkisalmi captured and the killing of all Christians there. Then the rebellion spread over all Karelian lands, which sufficiently weakened Novgorodian influence. In 1323, Karelians suffered

4543-428: The main one for Balabanov. It does not yet have the postcard popular style of Brother 2 nor the hard guignol of Cargo 200 , but it no longer smells of the esoteric thoughtfulness of Happy Days and The Castle . But there is what Balabanov would later define as "fantastic realism," where unvarnished documentary borders on extreme conventionality. Tough, clear, dashing, frank, naive, poetic, musical, not containing

4620-412: The majority of the population became Lutheran) and to some extent linguistically, but it did not bring major changes to the ethnic map of Karelia. The next change happened in 1721 as Russia won the great northern war against Sweden (1700–21), which forced Sweden to cede the entire Karelian Isthmus and Ladoga Karelia to Russia, with its now mostly Lutheran population. Although there were attempts to convert

4697-563: The market in a disguise, Danila detonates several homemade explosive as a distraction, and, taking advantage of the confusion, kills the Chechen, but Krugly's men pursue Danila and manage to wound him. Danila barely escapes the pursuit, jumping onto a freight tram, and in a shootout kills one of the bandits. Tram driver Svetlana offers to help the wounded Danila, but he refuses, promising to find her later and thank her. After Danila recovers with Hoffman's help, he sets off to look for Sveta. A relationship develops between them, despite Svetlana having

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4774-437: The northern dialect of Karelian language has been spoken continuously until now. The majority of Russian Karelians are Eastern Orthodox Christians . Karelian shamanism is still practiced by some Karelians. Folk-beliefs have also been widely incorporated into Christianity by Orthodox Karelians. Karelian tales, along with some Finnish ones, have been collected to form Kalevala . Significant enclaves of Karelians exist in

4851-543: The population in Karelia. In the 2021 Census, there were 25,901 Karelians in the Republic of Karelia, only 5.5% of the population. Meanwhile Russians now make up 86.4% of the population in Karelia. The total number of Karelians in Russia was 32,422, or 0.02% of the country's population. The Y-chromosome haplogroup N1c is typical among Karelians, as it is observed in either slightly more or less than 40 percent of Karelian men. It has high frequencies among Uralic-speaking and other North Eurasian populations. Haplogroup R1a

4928-517: The population. Adding the Tver Karelian population of 140,567 at the time to the statistic gives a total of at least 241,348 Karelians in the whole USSR, if not far more. By 2000, there were 65,651 Karelians in the Republic of Karelia (65.1% of the number in 1926, including the Karelian regions taken from Finland which were not counted in 1926), and Karelians made up only 9.2% of the population in their homeland. Russians, meanwhile, were 76.6% of

5005-519: The process of conversion of population of the ceded territories to Lutheran Protestantism, resistance appeared among Old-Believer Orthodox Karelians and neighbouring Orthodox Izhorians . By the mid-17th century, the tension between the Lutheran Swedish government and Orthodox Karelians led to yet another conflict between Sweden and Russia. From 1656 to 1658, Russian armed forces waged war on Karelian territories and tried to recapture them with

5082-460: The process of reading the film scripts he wrote, the internal connections between which become something like a single circulatory system. [...] There is one amazing thread sticking out of the script of Brother , and by pulling on it, almost half of Balabanov's work can be unraveled. Danila's "mature" girlfriend, a tram driver who has been pretty battered by life, turns out to be an inveterate bottom here: she likes being tortured and she keeps in

5159-452: The publishing house Bubble Comics released a comic collection, Brother: 25 years  [ ru ] , for the 25th anniversary of the film. The collection contains stories about Bagrov and other characters, some from the films and some new. One of the artists of the project is Andrey Vasin, who worked on the comics Igor Grom  [ ru ] and Besoboy  [ ru ] . In 2016, producer Sergei Selyanov noted that in

5236-464: The region of Valdai in the Novgorod region and yet others to White Karelia by the White Sea. As some of the lands in the eastern Karelian Isthmus and Ladoga Karelia became partially depopulated Sweden decided to move settlers from Savonia to those Karelian lands which resulted in a mixture of local Karelians with Savonians in some areas. However, as Savonians themselves are of Karelian origin, this migration mostly affected local Karelians religiously (as

5313-563: The same country the religious difference between eastern and western Karelians remained a dividing factor, which somewhat affected the linguistics but even until the beginning of the 20th century both groups could understand each other. Yet eastern Karelians managed to preserve traditions and folklore better than western Karelians. As the Grand Duchy of Finland was formed, its inhabitants struggled to properly identify themselves ethnically, some being Finnish, some Swedish and some Karelian. As

5390-571: The same distant regions, such as the Volga Tatars , Yakuts and Evens , as well. Brother (1997 film) Brother ( Russian : Брат , translit.   Brat ) is a 1997 Russian neo-noir crime drama film written and directed by Aleksei Balabanov . The film stars Sergei Bodrov Jr. as Danila Bagrov, a young ex-conscript who becomes embroiled with the Saint Petersburg mob through his criminal older brother. It appeared in

5467-535: The target is supposed to appear. Taking the owner of the apartment hostage, they wait for the target, who has gone to get some vodka. At the same time, a group of local musicians is celebrating a birthday one floor above, and one of the guests, sound engineer Stepan, mistakes the floor and ends up in the apartment where Danila and the bandits are. Stepan turns out to be an unwanted witness, and the bandits take him hostage. Danila promises him that he will not be harmed. Some time later, Vyacheslav Butusov (cameo) also calls

5544-742: The term Karelian generally refers to the Finnish Karelians , who are a subset of Finns. There were Karelian-speaking Karelians living in the easternmost parts of Finnish Karelia, known as " Border Karelia " ( Raja-Karjala ). As Finland had to cede parts of Karelia to the Soviet Union in World War II, evacuated Karelians and Finnish Karelians settled elsewhere in Finland. A minority of them, about 38,000, were Border Karelian Orthodox Christians, who traditionally spoke Karelian. However, owing to Karelian not being recognized as its own language by

5621-418: The territories that were to be ceded. After the Continuation War (1941–1944), in which Finland temporarily held most of Eastern Karelia, several thousands of Karelians chose to migrate west as Finnish forces retreated. The Karelians who migrated to Finland in the 20th century were initially Karelian speakers, but due to minor lingual differences and in order to assimilate into the local communities soon adopted

5698-416: Was actually a concert of the band Chizh & Co . According to Pismichenko, drunken fans at the concert almost trampled over her and Bodrov in the crowd. According to producer Sergei Selyanov, one of the main goals of Brother was to capture the transition from the "communal system of life" under socialism to the "individual responsibility" of capitalism . He noted that "in the 1990s, the individual had

5775-572: Was highest along the western shore of Lake Ladoga and the Karelian Isthmus , with multiple cemeteries and other archeological discoveries dating from AD 600 to AD 800. In South Karelia , the number of archeological discoveries from this time period is lower, though permanent inhabitation was nonetheless present. Lappee , South Karelia has been continuously inhabited for approximately 2,000 years. In North Karelia , only one archeological discovery from this time period has been found, dating to

5852-589: Was incorporated into Viipuri Province of the Grand Duchy of Finland . In the mid-18th century, the fortress was turned into a political prison of Imperial Russia . Some participants of the Decembrist Revolt (1825) were confined there. In early-December 1917 Finland declared independence and Käkisalmi became part of the independent Finland. In 1940, following the Winter War , Käkisalmi and

5929-487: Was the only one. Twenty years after the film's release, Viktor Sukhorukov, who played Viktor in the film, noted both the heroism and contradictory nature of Danila: The need for heroes has always existed, starting from epics, bylinas , and fairy tales. What is a hero? He is the main horse in the troika. That black horse that pulls this chariot, cart, wheelbarrow, carriage. Do we have one today? No. A hero must be born. Only not through ideology, but through resistance, through

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