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39-722: The Kabini River (Kapila River) is one of the major tributaries of the river Cauvery in southern India , It originates near Kavilumpara in Kozhikode district of Kerala state by the confluence of the Panamaram River and the Mananthavady River . It flows eastward through Wayanad district , entering Mysore district of Karnataka , to join the Kaveri River in Mysore district of Karnataka . Close to

78-479: A crow". It might also mean a river with wide spread banks as viri can also be translated as wide spread. The etymology of the river might have also been derived from kāviri , the Sankethi word for "river" from the language spoken by the Sankethi people , who live along its waters. Cauvery is the anglicized version of the original name. The river is also known by other names. In ancient Tamil literature ,

117-580: A holy river in various Hindu religious texts including the Mahabharata and the Puranas . The name itself might have had different etymologies. As per Skanda Purana , the river arose after Ganesha took a form of a crow and toppled sage Agastya 's kamandala . The river then took its name from the Tamil language words kā meaning "crow" and viri meaning "spread" literally translating to "spread by

156-482: A number of dams on the river which form part of an extensive irrigation system and are used for the generation of hydroelectric power . The river has supported agriculture for centuries and has served as the lifeline of several kingdoms in the past. Access to the river's waters has been a cause of dispute among the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu for decades. The Kaveri basin is a densely populated region, with several towns and cities located on its banks. The river

195-737: A private hunting lodge of the Maharaja of Mysore, Kabini was a popular shikar hotspot for British Viceroys and Indian royalty. There are around 120 tigers, more than 100 leopards, four types of deer, Sloth bear, Indian Gaurs and elephants in the Nagarahole National Park. The river originates in the Pakramthalam hills at Kuttiady - Mananthavady road. Makkiyad river and Periya river join it near Korome and Valad respectively. After flowing through Mananthavady town, Panamaram river joins Kabini near Payyampally. One branch of

234-408: A range of animal species such as gaur , leopard , sloth bear , Bengal tiger , Indian elephant , Nilgiri tahr , grizzled giant squirrel , and various species of deer, wild boar and reptiles. The river also hosts a variety of avifauna including the painted stork ( Mycteria leucocephala ), spot-billed pelican ( Pelecanus philippensis ), and black-headed ibis ( Threskiornis melanocephalus ). It

273-539: A series of rapids and falls. It flows through a narrow gorge onto the Deccan plateau and drops about 18–24 m (59–79 ft) at Chunchanakatte Falls . The river forms the island of Srirangapatna and widens to 900–1,200 ft (270–370 m) before flowing south-east. At Shivanasamudra , the river drops 91 m (299 ft) and forms the Shivanasamudra Falls , one of the largest waterfalls in

312-555: A total length of about 800 km (500 mi). The Kaveri River has 21 major tributaries. The largest tributary Hemavati , and Lakshmana Tirtha join the river at Krishna Raja Sagara . Kabini is another major contributor to the flow of Kaveri and joins the river in Karnataka. It meets with its second largest tributary Bhavani at Kooduthurai in Bhavani and two other tributaries Noyyal , and Amaravati join further down

351-605: Is also home to the mugger crocodile ( Crocodylus palustris ), smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata), and hump-backed mahseer (Tor remadevii). The total watershed of the basin is 81,155 km (31,334 sq mi) and the riparian zone of the river consists of 43,856 km (16,933 sq mi) in Tamil Nadu, 34,273 km (13,233 sq mi) in Karnataka, 2,866 km (1,107 sq mi) in Kerala , and 160 km (62 sq mi) in

390-414: Is an arrangement of lifting and transfer of 28.00 TMC of water during the monsoons months from the kabini dam to the other two smaller dams. The Kabini Bridge on this river is a Heritage monument . Kaveri The Kaveri (also known as Cauvery ) is a major river flowing across Southern India . It is the third largest river in the region after Godavari and Krishna . The catchment area of

429-779: Is another hypothesised name for this river, meaning "the beloved of the Maruts " in Sanskrit. The river arises at Talakaveri in Kodagu district of Karnataka . The source of the river is located at an altitude of 1,341 m (4,400 ft) in the Brahmagiri Hills of the Western Ghats . Its follows a rough upper course consisting of rocky beds and high banks. Once it leaves the Kodagu hills, it flows eastwards and forms

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468-481: Is considered as sacred by the people of Southern India and is considered to be among the seven holy rivers of India. The river is often personified and worshiped as the goddess Kaveri. The river is mentioned in various Hindu religious texts including the Mahabharata and the Puranas . In ancient Tamil literature , the river is referenced to as Ponni meaning "the golden one". Kaveri is mentioned in Sanskrit as

507-477: Is found in the upper parts of the Kaveri basin and Charnockite rocks are only found in the central part. A 2017 paper proposed that an impact structure was present in the vicinity of the Kaveri river. The run-off from the river does not drain off quickly because of the shape of the river basin, which limits the occurrence of floods. It is a perennial river fed mostly by monsoons . Four distinct seasons occur in

546-604: Is headed by the Prime Minister of India and consists of the Chief Ministers of the riparian states as its consituent members. On 16 February 2018, the Supreme Court ruled that Karnataka will get 284.75 tmc ft, Tamil Nadu will get 404.25 tmc ft, Kerala will get 30 tmc ft and Puducherry will get 7 tmc ft of water from the river. An additional 10 tmc ft was reserved for environmental protection and 4 tmc ft

585-486: Is mentioned as both a river and a goddess in various Hindu texts such as the Mahabharata and the Puranas . The river is mentioned as one of the seven holy Gangas and bathing in the river is said to grant one's desired as per the Sivapurana . The Varaha Purana states that the river flows from the five great mountains and gives longevity to those who drink the waters of the river. The Skanda Purana narrates

624-445: Is one of the most popular wildlife destinations of Karnataka, due to its accessibility, green landscape surrounding a large lake, and sightings of herds of elephants and tigers. It is 61 km (38 mi) away from Mysuru and 205 km (127 mi) from Bengaluru , and comprises the south-eastern part of Nagarahole National Park . The reserve is spread over 55 acres (22 ha) of forestland, steep valleys, and water bodies. Once

663-770: The Bhavani River in Tamil Nadu, Hemavathy Dam (37.1 tmc ft) on the Hemavathi River , Kabini Dam (18.5 tmc ft) on the Kabini River , and Harangi Dam (9.5 tmc ft) on the Harangi River in Karnataka are major dams on the tributaries of Kaveri. The dispute over the sharing of Kaveri waters began in 1807 when the Madras Presidency objected to the plans of the Mysore kingdom to develop irrigation projects. After initial discussions failed,

702-744: The British Raj intervened and a six rule agreement called the General Agreement of 1892 was signed. After Indian Independence , article 262 of the Constitution of India provided powers to the Government of India to adjudicate on inter-state disputes on water sharing. The Government of India constituted the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal (CWDT) on 2 June 1990 to adjudicate the water dispute between

741-550: The Deccan plateau in Karnataka before entering Tamil Nadu. It flows further eastward in Tamil Nadu for 416 km (258 mi) before flowing into the Bay of Bengal near Poompuhar in Mayiladuthurai district of Tamil Nadu. The river flows for a total length of about 800 km (500 mi). The major tributaries include Amaravati , Arkavati , Bhavani , Hemavati , Kabini , Lakshmana Tirtha , and Noyyal . There are

780-762: The President of India asked the Supreme Court of India to rule on the validity and legality of the tribunal under the Constitution. In November 1991, the Supreme Court opined that the order needs to be published by the central government in the Official Gazette, which was done on 1 December 1991. In May 1992, the Government of Tamil Nadu filed a case in the Supreme Court to direct the Indian Government to pass necessary orders to ensure

819-597: The Tamil literature Manimekalai , Agastya drank the Ganges River in anger, when the floods destroyed his tapas and later released it in South India. Silapathikaram mentions Kaveri as the daughter of Kavera. In Theravada Buddhism , Kaveri is mentioned as a water channel. It is part of the twenty canal-systems associated with the reservoir Parakkamasamudda that existed in the Polonnaruwa region during

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858-612: The Tiruchirappalli district . It splits into two branches with the northern part called as Kollidam River and the southern part of the river retaining the name Kaveri. After flowing for 16 km (9.9 mi), the two branches converge around the Srirangam island. The river further branches off into 36 different channels before emptying into the Bay of Bengal near Puhar in Mayiladuthurai district . The river traverses for about 416 km (258 mi) in Tamil Nadu for

897-495: The Kaveri basin is estimated to be 81,155 km (31,334 sq mi) and encompasses the states of Tamil Nadu , Karnataka , Kerala , and the union territory of Puducherry . The river rises at Talakaveri in the Brahmagiri range in the Western Ghats . The source is located at an elevation of 1,341 m (4,400 ft) in the Kodagu district of Karnataka. The river flows for about 320 km (200 mi) through

936-742: The Panamaram river starts from the Banasura Sagar reservoir near Padinjarethara and the other branch of the river start from Lakkidi hills. After traversing 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from the confluence of Panamaram river kabini forms an island called Kuruva Island , spreading over 520 acres (2.1 km) with diverse flora and fauna. Within 20 km (12 mi) it reaches the kabini reservoir bordering Kerala and Karnataka for some distance. Between kabini reservoir and Kuruva island Kalindi river joins kabini. Kalindi river originates from Brahmagiri hills which on reaching near Thirunelli Temple

975-426: The basin with hot and cold seasons sandwiching the monsoon seasons. The river basin is fed by South-West monsoon in Karnataka, and North-East monsoon in Tamil Nadu. The Kaveri basin is made up of two sub-zones, forest and agro-ecosystem. The forest vegetation consists of a mix of dry deciduous , evergreen forests , and grasslands . As per a study, about 12,850 km (4,960 sq mi) of natural vegetation

1014-755: The country. After forming the island of Shivanasamudra, the river converges and passes through the Mekedatu gorge. After flowing for 320 km (200 mi) in Karnataka, the river flows for about 64 km (40 mi) along the Karnataka- Tamil Nadu border. The river enters Tamil Nadu and forms the Hogenakkal Falls . After the falls, the river flows southwards towards Mettur Dam and joins its main right bank tributary Bhavani at Kooduthurai . The river flows eastwards through Erode and Karur , and widens further before entering

1053-529: The drought-stricken land. Another story narrates that during the Samudra Manthana , or churning of the Ocean of Milk , Mohini and Lopamudra retrieved the nectar of immortality for the gods. Afterwards, Brahma took care of Lopamudra as his daughter and later offered her to king Kavera, who renamed her as Kaveri. When Kaveri grew up she prayed to Brahma to transform her into a purifying river. As per

1092-780: The implementation of the provisions of the tribunal order. In April 1997, the Attorney General of India reverted that the central government has prepared a scheme under the Inter-State Water Disputes Act, 1956 for the implementation of the tribunal award and the Cauvery Water Authority (CRA) and Cauvery Monitoring Committee (CMC) were formed subsequently as a part of the Cauvery Water (Implementation of Interim Orders of 1991 and all subsequent Tribunal Orders) Scheme, 1998. The CRA

1131-544: The needs of around 22 villages and 14 hamlets and also a prominent source of drinking water to Mysuru and Bengaluru . Further significant amount of water is discharged to the Mettur reservoir in Tamil Nadu to fulfill the state's needs. The dam is spread over an area of 55 hectares covering forests, rivers, lakes and valleys . This dam also provides water to the combined system of Sagaredoddakere and Upper Nugu Dams. There

1170-532: The riparian states and territories in the river basin. In an order passed in June 1991, the CWDT directed Karnataka to release 205 tmc ft of water per year to Tamil Nadu based on a specific schedule. The water was to be released in four equal installments in a particular month and any shortfall would need to be covered in the subsequent week. Tamil Nadu was directed to provide 6 tmc ft of water to Puducherry. In July 1991,

1209-564: The river was called Ponni meaning "the golden one" in reference to the fine silt it deposits. It is known as Daksina gaṅgā meaning the " Ganges of the South" indicating its geographical location and its significance. It is also mentioned as Ardha gaṅgā meaning Half Ganga in Mahabharata and other literature, due to its purported mythology of having arisen from the Ganges. Marudvṛdhā

Kabini River - Misplaced Pages Continue

1248-680: The rivulet Papanasini joins it. Taraka and Nugu are the two small rivers in Heggadadevana kote taluk that join the Kapila (Kabini river). The Kabini dam is built on the River Kapila in the district of Mysore . The dam is 696 meters in length and was built in 1974. The exact location of the dam is near village Beechanahally, in Taluk Heggadadevanakote . The catchment area of the dam is 2,141.90 km. It caters to

1287-555: The stream in Tamil Nadu. Other tributaries of Kaveri include Shimsha , Arkavati , Sarabanga , and Thirumanimutharu . Source: The Kaveri basin was formed in the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous period during Gondwana breakup and opening of the Indian Ocean . Most of the basin is made up of Precambrian rocks and the two major rock types that are found are metamorphic and igneous rocks. Closepet granite

1326-602: The town of Sargur it forms the huge Kabini Reservoir . The backwaters of the Kabini reservoir are very rich in wildlife especially in summer when the water level recedes to form rich grassy meadows. The Kabini dam is 2,284 ft (696 m) in length with an original gross storage of 19.52 tmcft. The Kabini Dam is situated between villages Bichanahalli and Bidarahalli having distance of 17 km (11 mi) 6 km away from Sargur town in Heggadadevana kote taluk, Mysore district, Karnataka. The Kabini Forest Reserve

1365-416: The union territory of Puducherry . Over half of the Kaveri basin is arable and the most cultivated crops are rice and sugarcane . An estimate at the time of the first Five Year Plan put the total flow of the river at 15 cubic kilometres (12,000,000 acre⋅ft), of which 60% was used for irrigation. The river is also used for drinking water and hydroelectric power generation. The Grand Anicut

1404-412: The various origins of the river. Shiva filled Agastya 's bowl with Kaveri, who flowed as a river with the help of Ganesha . In another legend, Lopamudra becomes Agastya's wife and takes on a form of water during a severe drought in South India. Agastya carries her in his small brass water pot and Ganesha, in the form of crow, knocks the water pot down. The spilled water runs down the hill and onto

1443-637: Was constructed by a Chola King in 2nd century CE. The hydroelectric plant built on the Sivanasamudra Falls in 1902 was the first hydroelectric plant in Asia. The Mettur Dam in Tamil Nadu was constructed in 1934 and the Stanley Reservoir formed by the dam has a capacity of 93.4 tmc ft . Krishna Raja Sagara in Karnataka is the second largest dam on the river and has a capacity of 49.5 tmc ft . Bhavanisagar Dam (32.8 tmc ft) on

1482-455: Was lost in the river basin between 1965 to 2016. The basin has a variety of flora with major species including Terminalia arjuna , Tamarindus indica , Pongamia pinnata , Salix tetrasperma , Ficus benghalensis , Ficus religiosa , Eucalyptus torticornis , and Diospyros montana . There are many protected areas spread across the river basin including significant tiger and elephant habitats. The basin provides habitat to

1521-512: Was reserved for wastage into the sea. The court directed the government to form a Cauvery Water Management Authority (CWMA) within six weeks and acting on the Supreme Court's direction, the central government constituted the CMWA in June 2018. In Hinduism , the river is considered one of seven holy rivers in India. The river is personified and worshiped as the river goddess Kaveri Amman . Kaveri

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