Kampong Kapor Methodist Church ( Abbreviation : KKMC ) is located on Kampong Kapor Road in Singapore 's Little India district. The church is approximately 300 metres from Jalan Besar MRT station .
140-656: Founded in 1894, KKMC is one of the first Peranakan churches and the fourth Methodist church to be established in Singapore . During its early years, the church catered to the Peranakan or Straits-born Chinese, with services conducted in Baba Malay in a building located on 155 Middle Road . In 1930, the church moved to its present site on 1 Kampong Kapor Road, where it now offers a variety of services to different ethnic groups. The church building on Kampong Kapor Road
280-650: A Burmese word for the Peranakan or Straits Chinese who have settled in Myanmar. They maintained their culture partially despite their native language gradually disappearing a few generations after settlement. Popular myths by the Malays of the Peranakan Chinese in Malacca, Singapore, and Penang sometimes state exclusive descent from the royal retinue of an allegedly princess named Hang Li Po —alleged by
420-426: A multiracial community, with the caveat that individual family histories vary widely and likewise self-identification with multiracialism as opposed to Chineseness varies widely. The Malay/Indonesian phrase "orang Cina bukan Cina" ("a not-Chinese Chinese person") encapsulates the complex relationship between Peranakan identity and Chinese identity. The particularities of genealogy and the unique syncretic culture are
560-466: A Hindi (originally Persian) loan-word borrowed by Malay speakers as a term of affection for one's grandparents, and became part of the common vernacular. In Penang Hokkien , it is pronounced bā-bā (in Pe̍h-ōe-jī ), and sometimes written with the phonetic loan characters 峇峇. Female Straits-Chinese descendants were either called or styled themselves Nyonyas . Nyonya (also spelled nyonyah or nonya )
700-560: A centuries-long history of transculturation and interracial marriage . Immigrants from the southern provinces of China arrived in significant numbers in the region between the 14th and 17th centuries, taking abode in the Malay Peninsula (where their descendants in Malacca, Singapore and Penang are referred to as Baba–Nyonya ); the Indonesian Archipelago (where their descendants are referred to as Kiau–Seng );
840-495: A church. At 7.30pm that evening, six full and 16 preparatory members were organised as the first Malay Quarterly Conference chaired by the presiding elder, Rev. R.W. Munson. The “Malay Church” was formed with Cpt. Rev. William Shellabear undertaking pastoral charge. Three days later, the Sunday school was officially organised with about 40 students. “Sunday” school was also carried out on weekdays as well. Rev. Shellabear and about
980-506: A computer-based Interlocking system which controls the track switches and interfaces with the ATC and the data-management system. The DMS, monitored by station staff, oversees the signalling equipment, platform doors and trains. The ATP system maintains a buffer between trains. The minimum permitted distance is 30 metres (98 ft), although the average distance between trains is at least 600 metres (2,000 ft). Using microwave technology,
1120-476: A designator of genealogical descent, connoting ancestry or lineage, including great-grandparents or more-distant ancestors. On its own, when used in common parlance, the word "peranakan" does not denote a specific ethnicity of descent unless followed by a subsequent qualifying noun. For example Peranakan Tionghoa/Cina may simply mean "Chinese descendants"; likewise Jawi Peranakan can mean "Arab descendants", or Peranakan Belanda "Dutch descendants". However, in
1260-521: A dozen young men held street and kampong meetings in Malay . Meanwhile, Miss Blackmore and her team of women as well as the women missionaries made a deep impression on Nyonya women and their children as they distributed tracts, sang hymns, visited several hundred “native” Straits-born Chinese women in their homes and held Sunday School for “native” children in their homes and along five-foot ways . The church soon outgrew its Middle Road premises and
1400-728: A missionary to Singapore (and also the founder of the Fairfield Methodist Schools and the Methodist Girls' School ) started a Sunday Malay language worship service. The group comprised 25 “native” girls from the mission hostel, boys from Epworth Home (precursor of the Methodist Youth Fellowship), Malay-speaking Christian workers from the nearby Mission Press and two missionaries. On 25 January 1894, this group moved to “The Christian Institute” located on 155 Middle Road to function as
1540-480: A month. The 10am service is live-streamed. The Mandarin and Tamil services are held at 2pm and 5.30pm respectively.The services are also live-streamed. Services in Peranakan are at 11am on the 1st and 3rd Sunday of each month at the 3rd floor Chapel. A Myanmar Fellowship meets at 1pm on the 3rd Sunday of each month, also at the 3rd floor Chapel. The Children Sunday School is held at 9.45am every week except for
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#17327660425521680-453: A new building was constructed on Kampong Kapor Road. It was completed in 1930 and the church became known as The Straits Chinese Methodist Church (Bishop Bickley Memorial). This reflected the largely Chinese membership and the vast donations which the family and friends of Bishop George Harvey Bickley made for the construction of the building. In 1957, the Board of Stewards decided that since
1820-488: A new chapel and classrooms on the third floor. While the church was closed, worship services were held at the Anglo-Chinese Primary School , Ah Hood Road (which was also at a temporary location, as the school's Barker Road campus was being rebuilt). The present building is in a stripped-back Art Deco , incorporating elements from the earlier styles of Gothic architecture , which is clearly seen in
1960-450: A passenger emergency communications system which allows communication between passengers and the OCC. The trains have wide seats and dedicated space for wheelchair users. The trains are made of fire-resistant materials and include fire and smoke detectors and a fire barrier under its frame. They have a pair of beams ( rail guards ) which detect obstacles in the train's path; smaller debris
2100-460: A passenger service centre (PSC) on its concourse. The PSCs are generally curved, unlike the boxier designs of those in older MRT stations. In addition to assisting passengers and checking and topping up their fare cards, the PSC staff monitors and controls the functions of connecting tunnels and communicates with the OCC at the depot. When a station is used as a civil-defence (CD) shelter, the PSC becomes
2240-614: A person who arrived in the Nusantara region during much later periods of Chinese migration. Conversely, the other Dutch, Malay and Siamese-speaking Peranakan Chinese in Dutch East Indies, Siam and Malaya would be unlikely to refer to themselves using the English term 'Straits Chinese'. The Peranakan Chinese commonly refer to themselves as Baba-Nyonya. The term Baba is an honorific for Straits Chinese men. It originated as
2380-578: A semantic shift, the word peranakan has come to be used as a "metaphorical" adjective that has the meaning of "locally born but non-indigenous". In Indonesian, it can denote "hybrid" or "crossbred". Thus the term "Peranakan Cina" or "Peranakan Tionghoa" can have the literal or archaic meaning of "Chinese womb" or "Chinese descendants" or "Chinese ancestry" or "descended from the Chinese"—but more latterly has come to mean "locally born but non-indigenous Chinese" or even " half-caste Chinese". The semantic shift
2520-517: A small minority of Cantonese . Baba Nyonya are a subgroup within Chinese communities. Peranakan families occasionally arranged brides from China for their sons or arranged marriages for their daughters with newly arrived Chinese immigrants. There are parallels between the Peranakan Chinese and the Cambodian Hokkien , who are descendants of Hoklo Chinese. Likewise the Pashu of Myanmar ,
2660-465: A three-storey shophouse next to the church which is called The Unfailing Light. The place is used for the church's Youth, Seniors Ministries as well as the Homework Centre. Occasionally, it is also used for special sermons and courses. The church is home to one of the few working pipe organs in Singapore , and is the only Methodist Church in Singapore to have one. The organ was the gift of
2800-456: A total of S$ 1 billion (US$ 3.5 billion). To construct the line, 20 ha (49 acres) of private land was acquired and 43 ha (110 acres) of government land was returned to the state. Several rental HDB blocks, private homes and shops were acquired, dismaying many affected residents. Those who had been asked to relocate in July 1996 requested more time to find new premises. Construction of
2940-539: Is 32 minutes. The NEL initially had a higher fare than the North–South and East–West lines due to greater operating costs. On 30 December 2016, however, fares were lowered to match the other lines with a "purely distance-based approach". This revision, made after a fare review by the Public Transport Council , was intended to minimise commuter confusion. The first line operated by SBS Transit,
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#17327660425523080-532: Is a Malay and Indonesian honorific used to refer to a foreign married lady. It is a loan word, borrowed from the old Portuguese word for lady donha (compare, for instance, Macanese creole nhonha spoken on Macau, which was a Portuguese colony for 464 years). Because Malays at that time had a tendency to address all foreign women (and perhaps those who appeared foreign) as nyonya , they used that term for Straits-Chinese women as well. It gradually became more exclusively associated with them. In Penang Hokkien , it
3220-695: Is a Peranakan dish from Purwodadi , a frog soup dish. Nyonya laksa is a very popular dish in Malacca, Malaysia while another variant called asam laksa is famous in Penang, Malaysia. Pongteh is also another popular and savoury dish of the Malaccan Peranakan community. The main ingredient is onion, black mushroom (optional), chicken (at times pork is used instead of chicken, hence it's called babi pongteh ) and fermented bean sauce. The Malaccan Nyonyas are well known for this dish. North East MRT line The North East Line ( NEL )
3360-547: Is a dying language, and its contemporary use is mainly limited to members of the older generation. It is common for the Peranakan of the older generation (particularly among women) to latah in Peranakan Malay when experiencing unanticipated shock. The Peranakan Malay spoken by the Malaccan Peranakans community is strongly based on the Malay language as most of them can only speak little to none of
3500-599: Is a geographical designator specific to the former British colonies in the region, whereas 'Peranakan Chinese' is a broader genealogical designator covering all parts of the Nusantara region where Chinese people settled (including areas colonized by the Dutch, who would not have used the word 'Straits'), the two terms cannot be said to fully overlap or be interchangeable. Someone who is said to be 'Straits Chinese' in British colonial documents might, for example, be non-Peranakan, i.e.
3640-530: Is a high-capacity Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) line in Singapore . Operated by SBS Transit , the 20-kilometre (12-mile) line is the MRT's shortest. It runs from HarbourFront station in southern Singapore to Punggol station in the northeast, serving 16 stations via Chinatown , Little India , Serangoon and Hougang . Coloured purple on official maps, it is Singapore's third MRT line and the world's first fully-automated underground driverless heavy rail line. The NEL
3780-399: Is a key part of the Peranakan diet. Moreover, Peranakans were traditionally English educated at missionary schools, notably in Penang. In Indonesia, Peranakan referred to all Indonesian Chinese who had converted to Islam up until the 19th century. This indicated the importance of Islamic identity as a "criterion of indigenization." Later, Peranakan referred to all Indonesian Chinese born in
3920-483: Is expected to continue towards the Punggol Coast station in 2024, curving east past Punggol. The line is coloured purple on official maps. The line has 16 stations from HarbourFront to Punggol. Eight stations (eventually nine upon completion of Cross Island line ) connect to other MRT/LRT lines. Punggol Coast, the seventeenth station on the line, is scheduled to open in 2024. A station designated "NE2", which
4060-537: Is limited to informal occasions. The first Chinese immigrants to settle in the Malay Archipelago arrived from Guangdong and Fujian provinces in the 10th century C.E. They were joined by much larger numbers of the Chinese in the 15th through 17th centuries, following on the heels of the Ming emperor's reopening of Chinese-Malay trade relations in the 15th century. In the 15th century, some small city-states of
4200-510: Is no longer the case in modern times where anyone who marries Malay women is required to convert to Islam. Peranakan, Straits Chinese, Baba Nyonya are all names for the descendants of Han Chinese men and their Javanese, Sumatran and Malay wives. Han Chinese men did not allow their women to leave China, so they married local Muslim Javanese and other Southeast Asian women. Dayak women were married by Han Chinese men who settled in Borneo as noted in
4340-480: Is now access via the main entrance of the education block. The road widening clearly did not require the demolition of the porte cochère , as the strip of land in front of the church was subsequently returned, unused, in the 2000s, but there are no plans to re-instate the original entrances. This strip is now enclosed by a fence, which the Church built in order to enclose the newly returned piece of land. KKMC also owns
Kampong Kapor Methodist Church - Misplaced Pages Continue
4480-421: Is presumed to have arisen from the thorough hybridization or assimilation of the earliest Chinese or other non-indigenous settlers in the Malay Archipelago such that their ethnic heritage needed to be specified whenever referring to them, either to avoid confusion or to emphasise difference. The designator peranakan —in its original sense simply connoting "descendant of X ethnicity", or "the wombs of X"—emerged as
4620-465: Is pronounced nō͘-niâ (in Pe̍h-ōe-jī), and sometimes written with the phonetic loan characters 娘惹. A 2021 genetic study Singapore's Peranakan Chinese have Malay ancestry, with an average of 5–10%. Many Peranakans identify as Holoh ( Hokkien ) despite being of numerous origins, such as the descendants of adopted local Malaysian aborigines. A sizeable number are of Teochew or Hakka descent, including
4760-482: Is swept away, and the train automatically stops if the beams detect larger objects. A 1,500V overhead catenary system (OCS) powers the trains, the MRT network's first electrical system of that type. The OCS provides a safer environment for maintenance workers on the tracks and is less expensive, with a smaller conductor . In an emergency when the train is stopped, the doors on both sides can be opened easily without electricity and ramps lower for passenger evacuation in
4900-478: Is the world's first fully automated heavy-rail system. Its construction allowed the LTA to explore, integrate and implement new and existing technology as part of its vision of a fully-automated system. The line's automatic train control (ATC) is based on Alstom's MASTRIA software, which also manages its automatic train protection (ATP) and automatic train operation (ATO) GoA 4 (UTO). The Urbalis system also includes
5040-651: The British , Portuguese and Dutch colonial ports in the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian Archipelago , as well as Singapore . Peranakan culture, especially in the dominant Peranakan centres of Malacca , Singapore , Penang , Phuket and Tangerang , is characterized by its unique hybridization of ancient Chinese culture with the local cultures of the Nusantara region, the result of
5180-580: The Communications Ministry concluded that roads would be inadequate for projected traffic into the planned 21st-century housing estates. To minimise the impact on other development, the Ministry developed plans to determine which parcels of land would be needed for its construction. In December of that year, a British consultancy team consisting of Sir William Halcrow and Partners , Merz & McLellan and London Transport International
5320-642: The Malay Annals as having made a marriage of alliance with the Sultan of Malacca in the fifteenth century however modern historians disproved the princess marriage as a false myth by the Malay Annals. The language of the Peranakans, Baba Malay ( Bahasa Melayu Baba ) or Peranakan Malay, is a creole language related to the Malay language ( Bahasa Melayu ), which contains many Hokkien words. It
5460-909: The Singapore River and Fort Canning Hill to Dhoby Ghaut station, it continues north to Little India station under Bukit Timah Road. Following Race Course Road and Serangoon Road through Little India and Boon Keng , it crosses the Whampoa and Kallang Rivers before reaching Potong Pasir. Between the Potong Pasir and Kovan stations, the NEL parallels Upper Serangoon Road before curving north to Hougang station . The line then runs along Hougang Avenue 6 and Sengkang Central to Sengkang station in Sengkang and its terminus in Punggol . The NEL
5600-627: The Southern Thailand (where their descendants are referred to as Baba-Yaya ), primarily in Phuket , Trang , Phang Nga , Takua Pa and Ranong ; Terengganu (where their descendants are referred to as Cheng Mua Lang ) and North Borneo from the 18th century (where their descendants in Sabah are also referred to as Sino-Natives ). Intermarriage between these Chinese settlers and their Malay , Thai , Javanese or other predecessors in
5740-408: The sanctuary building originally had three portals: one at each aisle, and a central portal with a large porte cochère , but none of these remain. It is unclear why the original porte-cochère was demolished, but it is thought to be because the government intended to widen the road. In its place, the window over the central entrance has been enlarged and now contains stained glass, and the sanctuary
Kampong Kapor Methodist Church - Misplaced Pages Continue
5880-437: The spire of the bell tower, as well as the finials that occur on all the original façades and tower. The ornamentation is simple but delicate, and is derived from the shape of the cross, with the finials , tower windows and exterior walls' ornament all derived from it. This motif continues inside. The interior of the sanctuary is simple and elegant, with dark wooden trusses springing gracefully from cross-shaped brackets on
6020-638: The 18th century. One Dayak man named Budi mentioned a Chinese man married Budi's sister and that he liked Chinese but he hated Madurese as he was talking about the massacres of Madurese settlers. Malay and Dayak ethnically cleansed Madurese settlers from their and in West Kalimantan starting in Sambas from December 1996 to February 2001 after the Sampit fights in December 2000. The Chinese are perhaps
6160-877: The 1930s, modern shapes became popular and heels were gradually added. In Indonesia, the Peranakans develop their own kebaya , most notably kebaya encim , derived from the name encim or enci to refer to a married Chinese woman. Kebaya encim was commonly worn by Chinese ladies in Javan coastal cities with significant Chinese settlements, such as Semarang , Lasem, Tuban, Surabaya , Pekalongan and Cirebon . It marked differently from Javanese kebaya with its smaller and finer embroidery, lighter fabrics and more vibrant colours. They also developed their own batik patterns, which incorporate symbols from China. The kebaya encim fit well with vibrant-coloured kain batik pesisiran (Javan coastal batik), which incorporated symbols and motives from China; such as dragon, phoenix, peony and lotus. For
6300-474: The 1960s, when the entire apse was screened off by a plasterboard wall. The changes from that renovation have all been since undone. The altar, ambo and font are now on a dais just in front of it, surrounded by a communion rail. The tower is eighty-eight feet tall, and contains four bells cast in the Royal Eijsbouts bell foundry , which are hung dead for stationary chiming. The street-facing façade of
6440-419: The 19th century completely absorbed the converted Chinese Muslims who originally had their own separate kapitan and community in the late 18th century. The remaining commoner non-Muslim Chinese Peranakans descended from Chinese men and Javanese Muslim women generally stopped marrying Javanese and the elite Peranakans stopped marrying Javanese completely and instead started only marrying fellow Chinese Peranakans in
6580-532: The 19th century, as they realized they might get absorbed by the Muslims. DNA tests done on Chinese Peranakan in Singapore showed that those Peranakan who are mixed with Malays are mostly of paternal Han Chinese descent and of maternal Malay descent. Peranakans in Malaysia and Singapore formed when non-Muslim Chinese men were able to marry Malay Muslim women a long time ago without converting to Islam. This
6720-543: The 1st Sunday each month for infants to 12-year old. The youths meet every week except for the 1st Sunday of each month at The Unfailing Light building next to the church at 9.30am. Peranakan The Peranakan Chinese ( / p ə ˈ r ɑː n ə ˌ k ɑː n , - k ən / ) are an ethnic group defined by their genealogical descent from the first waves of Southern Chinese settlers to maritime Southeast Asia , known as Nanyang ( Chinese : 南洋 ; pinyin : nán yáng ; lit. 'Southern Ocean'), namely
6860-451: The Baba they will wear baju lokchuan (which is the Chinese men's full costume) but the younger generation they will wear just the top of it which is the long-sleeved silk jacket with Chinese collar or the batik shirt. Most Peranakans generally subscribed to Chinese beliefs systems such as Taoism , Confucianism and Han Buddhism , and even Roman Christianity nowadays. Just like the Chinese,
7000-542: The Buangkok and Sengkang stations, is the service and storage area for NEL trains. Built by Hyundai Engineering and Construction for S$ 350 million (US$ 235.72 million), the 27 ha (67-acre) depot includes the OCC which monitors the line's train and station operations. The depot can accommodate up to 44 trains, with three additional stabling tracks being built for the NELe as of 2019. It also houses LRT trains for
7140-884: The C751A, were delivered to Singapore beginning in July 2014 and were built in Shanghai between 2014 and 2016. To increase the line extension's passenger capacity, an additional six third-generation Alstom Metropolis C851E trains were ordered. Built in Barcelona , the first trainset arrived in Singapore on 4 April 2021 and entered service on 28 July 2023. The automatic trains are controlled by an operations control centre (OCC) at Sengkang Depot . The fleet's brake systems permit smooth, quiet stopping. Train speeds can reach 100 km/h (62 mph). Safety features include closed-circuit television cameras for train interiors and
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#17327660425527280-532: The Chinese Muslim community which was descended from converts. Adoption of Islam back then was a marker of peranakan status which it no longer means. The Semaran Adipati and the Jayaningrat families were of Chinese origin. Peranakans were held in high regard by Malays. Some Malays in the past may have taken the word "Baba", referring to Chinese males, and put it into their name, when this used to be
7420-537: The Chinese men did not convert to Islam since their Javanese wives did not ask them to, but a minority of Javanese women asked them to convert so a Chinese Muslim community made out of converts appeared among the Javanese. In the late half of the 19th century, Javanese Muslims became more adherent to Islamic rules due to going on hajj and more Arabs arriving in Java, ordering circumcision for converts. The Batavian Muslims in
7560-409: The Chinese was widespread. It cannot be denied, however, that the existence of slavery in this quarter, in former years, was of immense advantage in procuring a female population for Pinang . From Assaban alone, there used to be sometimes 300 slaves, principally females, exported to Malacca and Pinang in a year. The women get comfortably settled as the wives of opulent Chinese merchants, and live in
7700-718: The Dutch Government, who had great difficulty in subduing them. In 1912, Chinese engaged in mass violent riots against Dutch colonial rule in Surayaba and Batavia in the Dutch East Indies. Among the Straits Chinese (Peranakan) descendants in Sulu , the Philippines is Abdusakur Tan II, the governor. Many Straits Chinese (Peranakans) migrated from Singapore to Jolo, Sulu and Mindanao to live and trade among
7840-527: The IAGO waveguide (Informatisation et Automatisation par Guide d'Onde or waveguide transmission line system for computer and automation applications) allows two-way communication between trains and monitors the trains' positions and movements. If a train enters the buffer, the ATP automatically adjusts the train's speed. At least 500 computer systems control the NEL. In case of a glitch, backup systems would take over;
7980-582: The Javanised Arabic script , and Pekan being a colloquial contraction of Peranakan . The prominence of Peranakan Chinese culture, however, has led to the common elision whereby 'Peranakan' may simply be taken to refer to the Peranakan Chinese, i.e. the culturally unique descendants of the earliest Chinese settlers in the Malay Archipelago, as opposed to the other smaller groups that also justifiably call themselves 'peranakan'. For some Peranakans of Chinese descent, calling oneself "Peranakan" without
8120-452: The LTA. Since it had to bear the costs of maintenance and manpower, SBS Transit sought compensation from the government for the delay. Except for two stations ( Buangkok and Woodleigh), the NEL began operations on 20 June 2003 and was attended by Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong . About 140,000 people rode the line on its opening day. The line's opening ceremony was held on 28 August by Deputy Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong . Although
8260-530: The Ladies’ Aid Society. It was built by Walker & Taylor, Lincoln, England, in 1936 and installed in the church in 1937. The façade bears a strong resemblance to the organ in the chapel at Orchard Road Presbyterian Church . The organ originally had tracker action and mechanical stop and coupler controls. In 1987, when the Education Block was constructed and the sanctuary was renovated, the organ
8400-462: The Malay Peninsula often paid tribute to various kingdoms such as those of China and Siam . Close relations with China were established in the early 15th century during the reign of Parameswara when Admiral Zheng He ( Cheng Ho ), a Muslim Chinese, visited Malacca and Java during his expedition (1405–1433). According to a legend in 1459 CE, the Emperor of China sent a princess, Hang Li Po , to
8540-454: The Malay and Indonesian languages. The word Peranakan, which can have very broad and labile meanings in Malay and Indonesian and, when used in common parlance, is simply an indicator of heritage or descent, may also be used to refer to other ethnic groups in the same region. Owing to the broad meaning of the term 'peranakan', the term is also encountered when referring to other communities in
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#17327660425528680-598: The Malay influence, a unique "Nyonya" cuisine has developed using typical Malay spices. Examples are chicken kapitan , a dry chicken curry and inchi kabin , a Nyonya version of fried chicken. Pindang bandeng is a common fish soup served in Indonesia during the Chinese New Year and so is a white round mooncake from Tangerang which is normally used during the Autumn Festival . Swikee purwodadi
8820-870: The Moro Muslims like the Tausug people and Maguindanaons and sell weapons, rifles, cannon and opium to them in exchange for gutta-percha. Tausug and Chinese married each other and Chinese also converted to Islam. Moros carried out suicide juramentado attacks against the Japanese. Moro juramentados used opium in their attacks against US soldiers. American military officers Charles Wilkes saw Sulu Moro Sultan Mohammed Damaliel Kisand (spelling error of Jamalul Kiram) and his sons smoke opium and he had bloodshot eyes because of it. Datu Uto received Spencer and Enfield rifles from Straits Chinese (Peranakan) merchants. Lantaka swivel bronze cannon were sold by Chinese to
8960-496: The Moros who were fighting the Americans. A novel was written about this. Balinese women, Bugis women and other native women in Indonesia who married Han Chinese men were buried according to Chinese custom with Chinese characters on their gravestones instead of being cremated. Straits Chinese, Baba Nyonya or Peranakan are descended from Malay women and Chinese men. The Peranakan retained most of their ethnic and religious origins (such as ancestor worship), but assimilated
9100-518: The NEL could be completed in 2002 if construction began promptly. It was projected to cost S$ 5 billion (US$ 3.5 billion) and would operate at a loss of S$ 250 million (US$ 176.4 million) during its first four years, with lower daily passenger numbers (240,000). The ministry recommended the construction of the NEL to the Cabinet , citing "wider benefits" such as reduced travelling time and reliance on cars. There's no question about our desire or willingness to bring this extension forward. I believe it's worth
9240-544: The NEL and NSL platforms. All NEL stations have lifts which provide step-free access to their platforms. Most of the lifts have glass doors, which improve appearance and enhance security. Each lift has a communications system, connected to the station's PSC. If a lift stalls during a station blackout, a battery-powered backup system provides lighting and ventilation for four hours. In compliance with Singapore's Code on Barrier-Free Accessibility, NEL stations have wheelchair-friendly facilities. Each station has an entrance that
9380-406: The NEL has been part of the New Rail Financing Framework (NRFF) since 2018. Previously, the operator (the owner of the rail assets) had to bear the cost of maintaining and upgrading trains and signalling. Under the NRFF, the LTA and SBS Transit will share the profits and financial risks in operating the line and the LTA will take control of its operating assets on 1 April 2033. SBS Transit will operate
9520-627: The NEL has experienced a few glitches since its opening, it has been reliable and generally well-received by commuters. The International Association of Public Transport called the NEL a model public-transport system for the future in July 2003, with other driverless systems planned around the world. SBS Transit reported in June 2004 that the line averaged one 15-minute delay every six weeks, compared to expected twice-a-week delays. Average daily ridership has risen to 174,000 in 2004, with highest at 268,000 during Lunar New Year celebrations on 3 January that year. On 17 June 2003, SBS Transit announced that
9660-605: The NEL tunnels and tracks are maintained by a fleet of engineering trains . There are four types of engineering trains: the locomotive, for towing wagons with equipment; the heavy crane vehicle, for changing tracks; the multi-function vehicle, for detecting flaws on rails and in tunnels; and the rail-grinding machine, for grinding rails back into shape. The engineering trains are manufactured by Plasser & Theurer , Speno , and Harsco Rail. A new fleet of engineering trains has been supplied by CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive . The Sengkang Depot , located along Sengkang East Avenue between
9800-415: The NEL would be built earlier to address congestion in the northeast corridor, which would also be relieved by express bus service. The government's announcement during a 19 January parliamentary debate on the report that it had decided to build the NEL "immediately" was greeted with applause. The 16 NEL stations and their locations were announced on 4 March 1996. Many residents and politicians welcomed
9940-479: The NEL, which is powered by an overhead line . The NEL is Singapore's first Art-in-Transit line, with 18 artworks displayed across its 16 stations. The stations are wheelchair-accessible, and most of them are Civil Defence shelters designed to withstand airstrikes and chemical attacks. The Mass Rapid Transit Corporation (MRTC) first proposed an additional MRT line serving the northeastern areas of Punggol and Jalan Kayu in September 1984. In its preliminary studies,
10080-586: The Peranakan convert to Islam, Datu Seri Nara, who according to Wybrand of Warwijck was the most important commercial and military figure in Pattani in 1602. Due to the culture of Nyonya and Babas is merged between Malay and Chinese and influence by Indonesia. Malacca was once the world's merchant gathering point enabling the birth of Baba and Nyonya ethnic group. Therefore, the Nyonya food can be summarized as "Malay Archipelago Delicacies of Nanyang Cuisine". From
10220-486: The Peranakan language is mainly based on Indonesian and Javanese , which is mixed with elements of different Chinese varieties , mostly Hokkien. Speakers of the Peranakan language can be found scattered along the northern coastline area throughout West Java , Central Java and East Java , and also in Special Region of Yogyakarta , Indonesia. Young Peranakans can still speak this creole language, although its use
10360-429: The Peranakans also celebrate Lunar New Year , Lantern Festival and other Chinese festivals , while adopting the customs of the land they settled in, as well as those of their colonial rulers. There are traces of Portuguese , Dutch , British , Malay and Indonesian influences in Peranakan culture. Just like in any other cultures, the Peranakans still believe in pantang larang (meaning taboos ) especially among
10500-530: The Sengkang and Punggol LRT lines above the depot. Its facilities include a four-storey administrative building, maintenance bays, a workshop and an automated warehouse. The depot's workshop has equipment which can raise an entire train for repairs, Singapore's first such workshop. Using the NEL's signalling system, train movement in the depot is mainly automatic. Staff members access the area via three dedicated tunnels for safety reasons. The OCC also controls
10640-469: The Singapore northeast area. Residents around the line were upset by the sudden decision to keep Buangkok station closed, since they had been assured by MPs and grassroots leaders that it would be opened. The government initially stood by SBS Transit's decision to keep the station closed, planning to open it in 2006 when more residential flats would be in the area. The opening was further postponed to 2008, following projected housing-development plans for
10780-522: The Sultan of Malacca as a token of appreciation for his tribute. The nobles (500 sons of ministers) and servants who accompanied the princess initially settled in Bukit Cina and eventually grew into a class of Straits-born Chinese known as the Peranakans. Chinese men in Melaka fathered children with Javanese , Batak and Balinese slave women. Their descendants moved to Penang and Singapore during
10920-555: The Woodlands extension, unlike in the northeast, where the low population meant that the NEL would not be as cost-effective. The four Members of Parliament (MPs) for the northeast called for the line to be built sooner, saying that there would be sufficient demand (given the area's population) and it would relieve traffic congestion. Reviewing the line's feasibility, the Communications Ministry said in 1995 that
11060-602: The Woodleigh and Buangkok stations would not open with the other NEL stations. Due to the lack of development, the operator said keeping the stations closed would reduce operating costs by S$ 2–3 million. At the time, housing demand declined due to the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis and the economic downturn following the September 11 attacks . Consequently, the Housing and Development Board cut back on its development plans in
11200-416: The announcement, since the line was expected to relieve traffic congestion, improve transport in the northeast and stimulate development around the stations. Thirteen civil contracts for track work and construction of the stations, Sengkang Depot and associated tunnels were awarded for a total of S$ 2.8 billion (US$ 1.9 billion). Sixteen more contracts related to electrical and mechanical work were awarded for
11340-487: The area. In August 2005, during a visit by youth minister Vivian Balakrishnan visit to Punggol South, eight white cardboard elephants were put up in protest, and a grass-roots leader was sternly warned after a police investigation into the incident. Following another evaluation by the LTA, SBS Transit announced at the end of 2005 that it would open the station on 15 January 2006. The Buangkok station opened as scheduled "with much fanfare". Since its opening, however,
11480-595: The automated system. However, the Land Transport Authority (LTA) said in September 2002 that the line might be opened in April 2003 to allow sufficient time for testing. The line's systems were handed over to SBS Transit on 16 December, and the operator conducted further tests. The NEL's opening was delayed until June due to a glitch in the signalling system, however, with tests briefly handed over to
11620-628: The capital, Kuching. In North Borneo an irruption of some thousands occurred on the opening up of the country, and great numbers are employed on the tobacco plantations lately established. In Labuan, and in Pengaron in South Borneo, the coal mines were worked by Chinese, and they still act as sago-washers in the former island. Bound together by societies with stringent laws, their system of co-operation enables them to prosper where others would fail. In West Borneo they thus became so powerful as to defy
11760-486: The case. This is not followed by the younger generation, and the current Chinese Malaysians do not have the same status or respect as Peranakans used to have. In Penang, Thai women replaced Nias slave women and Batak slave women as wives of Chinese men after the 1830s when slavery was abolished. Many Peranakan in Java , Indonesia are descendants of non-Muslim Chinese men who married abangan Javanese Muslim women. Most of
11900-580: The church not only catered to the spiritual needs of the Straits-born Chinese but also to the other ethnic groups as well, the church should be known as Kampong Kapor Methodist Church (Bishop Bickley Memorial). It has retained this name ever since. The Church also founded Singapore's Methodist Church first Church kindergarten. Originally known as the Straits Chinese Methodist Church Kindergarten,
12040-465: The church on 155 Middle Road still exists to this day. It now houses Objectifs — the Centre for Photography and Films. The present church building dates from 1929, and was designed by Swan and Maclaren , the oldest architectural firm in Singapore . Over the years, the church has undergone major renovation and rebuilding works to cater to the growing congregation without affecting the main features of
12180-430: The church. The church was recently renovated in 2000, when emergency structural works were necessary, as the construction of the nearby North East MRT line caused the foundations of the building to shift, causing large cracks to appear on the walls of the sanctuary. The foundations of the sanctuary were underpinned, and the church also took the opportunity to renovate the education block, reconfiguring parts of it to create
12320-428: The command centre. Each NEL station is equipped with "energy-smart" Otis escalators connecting its levels. Their speed is reduced by half when not in use, reducing energy consumption and wear and tear. The Woodleigh station has one of the longest sets of escalators at 38.5 metres (126 ft). In addition to escalators, Dhoby Ghaut is the first MRT station with a set of 55-metre (180 ft) travellators which link
12460-466: The country, including those of descendants of mixed race unions. Large numbers of Peranakans, many from Fujian having prior experience with foreign Muslims who had a dominant position in that provinces most important seaport, adopted Islam in Java, strongly Muslim areas of Indonesia, and Malaysia. As in the case of the Peranakans in Cirebon , this conversion process occurred over several centuries and
12600-602: The country. The Philippines, Singapore, and Borneo receive, perhaps, a larger number of these immigrants than any other countries. In Borneo they are scattered over the whole seaboard, carrying on a good deal of the river trade, and supplanting in many ways the less energetic Malay. But they are chiefly to be found in West Borneo, especially in the mining districts, as in Sambas and Montrado (Menteradu) in Dutch territory. Numbers are settled around Bau and Bidi, in Sarawak, and in
12740-694: The early 1870s. Most, if not all descendants, identify as Teochew Peranakans today. In Singapore, the Kampong Kapor Methodist Church , founded in 1894 by an Australian missionary, Sophia Blackmore , is considered one of the first Peranakan churches. During its establishment, Sunday service were conducted in Baba Malay language, and it is still one of the languages being used in their services. Despite living in Muslim majority countries such as Indonesia and Malaysia, converting to Christianity allows Peranakans to continue eating pork which
12880-421: The early Roman Catholic Church starting from 1834. This early church was set up by French missionaries (Mission Enstrangeres de Paris Order) in 1832 on Bras Basah Road, on the grounds of the present day Singapore Art Museum. Approximately 26 intermarriages between mainly China-born Teochew men and Melaka Serani, Malay, Peranakan Chinese and Indian women, took place under the auspices of this church, between 1834 and
13020-563: The effort. It's worth doing. I believe residents will show their commitment and willingness to help us bring the gap in operating costs. – Mah Bow Tan, engaging with grassroots leaders at the Punggol Community Club on 22 October 1995 Mah, engaging with grassroots leaders in October 1995, said that residents would have to be prepared to pay higher fares on the NEL to cover the line's cost and initial losses. His position
13160-429: The end of the church, surrounded by wood paneling on the walls, with a cross-shaped window above it and flanked by two arched windows, but this is now occupied by the pipe organ which was introduced in 1936. Earlier designs for the church included a gallery and an enclosed organ chamber, but these were not included in the final design. The interior has undergone several renovations, including (a rather unsuccessful) one in
13300-432: The equipment and systems of tunnels, stations, power substations and the depot, which are integrated into one terminal. The systems are managed by four or five rotating teams working around the clock. Alongside a training and software-development room, the OCC has a depot control centre to monitor and supervise its operations. The NEL is fully automatic, using Alstom's Urbalis 300 moving-block signalling system. The NEL
13440-439: The greatest comfort. Their families attach these men to the soil; and many never think of returning to their native country. The female population of Pinang is still far from being upon a par with the male; and the abolition therefore of slavery, has been a vast sacrifice to philanthropy and humanity. As the condition of the slaves who were brought to the British settlements, was materially improved, and as they contributed so much to
13580-430: The happiness of the male population, and the general prosperity of the settlement, I am disposed to think (although I detest the principles of slavery as much as any man), that the continuance of the system here could not, under the benevolent regulations which were in force to prevent abuse, have been productive of much evil. The sort of slavery indeed which existed in the British settlements in this quarter, had nothing but
13720-643: The inter-modal integration desired by the government. Construction challenges on the line included diverting the Eu Tong Seng canal for construction of the Chinatown station , and avoiding flooding the tunnels and stations while boring tunnels under the Singapore River between the Clarke Quay and Dhoby Ghaut stations. At the Outram Park station, an arched roof of cement-filled steel pipes
13860-409: The kindergarten was established in 1953 to provide basic education to underprivileged children who could not afford to attend a pre-school. When the church was renamed Kampong Kapor Methodist Church in 1957, the kindergarten became known as Kampong Kapor Methodist Church Kindergarten (KKMC Kindergarten). The kindergarten ran successfully until its closure in 2020. The building which was once occupied by
14000-678: The language and culture of the Malays. The Nyonya's clothing, Baju Panjang (Long Dress) was adapted from the native Malay's Baju Kurung. It is worn with a batik sarong (batik wrap-around skirt) and three kerosang (brooches). Peranakan beaded slippers called Kasot Manek were hand-made with much skill and patience: strung, beaded and sewn onto canvas with tiny faceted glass cut beads (known as Manek Potong ) similar to ones from Bohemia (present-day Czech Republic ). Traditional kasot manek design often have European floral subjects, with colours influenced by Peranakan porcelain and batik sarongs. They were made into flats or bedroom slippers. But from
14140-545: The language of their Chinese forebears. Whereas in the east coast of Peninsula Malaysia , the Peranakans are known to not only speak a Hokkien version of their own but also Thai and Kelantanese Malay in Kelantan and Terengganu Malay in Terengganu . Unlike the rest of the Peranakans in Malaysia, Penang Peranakans are much heavily influenced by a dialect of Hokkien known locally as Penang Hokkien . In Indonesia ,
14280-418: The line began with a groundbreaking ceremony at Farrer Park station on 25 November 1997. On 20 May 1999, SBS Transit (then Singapore Bus Service) was appointed to operate the line along with the Sengkang and Punggol LRT systems. With bus operations in the area handed over from Trans-Island Bus Services (TIBS) to the newly-appointed operator, SBS controlled northeastern bus and rail service; this provided
14420-408: The line in the city would be underground, and the northern portion after Braddell Road would be elevated. The MRTC, which approved the project in October 1986, proposed that the line link to Bishan Depot (which would maintain and service its trains). In February 1991, it was proposed to extend the line to Pulau Tekong via Pulau Ubin to serve future residential and industrial developments in
14560-403: The line under a 15-year licence which will expire on 31 March 2033. As its name implies, the fully-underground 20-kilometre (12-mile) NEL runs from Singapore's city centre to the northeastern parts of the island. The line goes northeast from HarbourFront station, paralleling New Bridge Road and Eu Tong Street in Chinatown between the Outram Park and Clarke Quay stations. Passing under
14700-443: The local tongue, constitute a fair share of members Chinese community, particularly among those who have family ties with the Peranakans of Penang and Malacca. Chinese who married local Javanese women and converted to Islam created a distinct Chinese Muslim Peranakan community in Java. Chinese rarely had to convert to Islam to marry Javanese abangan women but a significant number of their offspring did, and Batavian Muslims absorbed
14840-563: The long-term plans for these islands. Although the government approved the NEL "in principle" in January 1989, Communications Minister Yeo Ning Hong said that the line's construction was dependent on development in the northeast. The Woodlands extension , which cost S$ 1.35 billion (US$ 0.7 billion), took precedence over the S$ 4.3 billion (US$ 2.4 billion) NEL. According to Yeo's successor, Mah Bow Tan, there were firmer plans for development around
14980-445: The main features that distinguish the Peranakan from descendants of later waves of Chinese immigrants to the region. The word Peranakan is a grammatical inflection of the Malay and Indonesian word anak , meaning child or offspring . With the addition of the prefix per- and the suffix -an to the root anak , the modified word peranakan has a variety of meanings. Among other things, it can mean womb , or it can be used as
15120-506: The most important people in Borneo. They have been traders and settlers on the coast from beyond historic times, and, as has just been stated, have for an equally long period mixed with the natives; so that some Dyaks—the Dusuns especially might almost be classed with them. They are not only traders who amass wealth merely to return with it to their own empire, but miners, agriculturists, and producers, without whom it would be difficult to develop
15260-465: The name against it; for the condition of the slaves who were brought from the adjoining countries, was always ameliorated by the change; they were well fed and clothed; the women became wives of respectable Chinese; and the men who were in the least industrious, easily emancipated themselves, and many became wealthy. Severity by masters was punished; and, in short, I do not know any race of people who were, and had every reason to be, so happy and contented as
15400-408: The name for entire ethnic groups that were "locally born but non-indigenous" or perceived to be "hybrid" and "crossbred", and, in time, the latter meaning has come to predominate. It should also be noted that the broadness of the semantic range of peranakan means that it can have significantly different connotations in different parts of the Nusantara region and across different dialects or variants of
15540-437: The older generations. In some cases, quite a number the Peranakan's pantang larang are deemed too strict and complex. But today, most Peranakans no longer practice complex pantang larang to keep up with the modern times. A significant number of the modern Peranakan community have embraced Christianity , most notably in Indonesia. In 2019, a new branch of Singapore-specific Peranakan intermarriages were found to exist within
15680-660: The organ to allow for more pipes to be added. The new ranks of pipes that have been added over the years include the Great Mixture, mutations in the Swell, the reed stops (Trumpet 8' and Clarion 4') and the Subbass 16' in the Pedal. The organ continues to be integral with the music of the church, and is played during the Sunday morning services. Robert Navaratnam, at one time Singapore's only organ builder, has been responsible for
15820-453: The period of British rule. Chinese men in colonial southeast Asia also obtained slave wives from Nias . Chinese men in Singapore and Penang were supplied with slave wives of Bugis , Batak , and Balinese origin. The British colonial government tolerated the importation of slave wives since they improved the standard of living for the slaves and provided contentment to the male population. The usage of slave women or house maids as wives by
15960-498: The qualifier "Chinese" can be a way of asserting an ethnic identity distinct from and independent of Chineseness (though such a use of "Peranakan" as a single-word ethnonym may clash with the desire of other groups of non-Chinese descent to equally call themselves "Peranakan"). Later waves of immigrants to South East Asia are generally referred to using larger umbrella terms such as Malaysian Chinese , Chinese Singaporean , Chinese Indonesian or Tionghoa , or Thai Chinese . One of
16100-486: The region contributed to the emergence of a distinctive hybrid culture and ostensible phenotypic differences. Through colonisation of the region, the impact and presence of the Peranakan Chinese spread beyond Nusantara. In Sri Lanka , the Peranakan Chinese went on to contribute to the development of the Sri Lankan Malay identity that emerged in the nation during Dutch rule . The Peranakans are considered
16240-571: The region with similar histories of immigration and assimilation. For example, the Chitty may accurately refer to themselves as 'Indian Hindu Peranakans', meaning "of Indian Hindu descent" or "locally born but non-indigenous Indian Hindu". Likewise the Kristang may accurately refer to themselves as 'Eurasian Peranakans'. The name of the Jawi Pekan people is derived from 'Peranakan', Jawi being
16380-461: The renovations, maintenance and tuning of the organ. Organ Specification Diapason 8' Gedackt Flute 8' Harmonic Flute 4' Octave 4' Nazard 2 2/3' Terz 1 3/5' Fifteenth 2' Trumpet 8' Harmonic Clairon 4' Bourdon 16' Subbass 16' Gedackt 8' Trumpet 8' Trumpet 4' Flute 4' (prepared) There are four services held each Sunday at Kampong Kapor Methodist Church. Two services are conducted in English at 8am and 10am with Holy Communion celebrated once
16520-412: The rest of the line; Buangkok station opened on 15 January 2006, and Woodleigh station began operations on 20 June 2011. A one-station extension to Punggol Coast station , under construction, is expected to be open on December 10, 2024. The driverless line uses the moving-block Alstom Urbalis 300 CBTC signalling system. Three types of Alstom rolling stock – C751A , C751C and C851E – run on
16660-482: The slaves formerly, and debtors as they are now called, who came from the east coast of Sumatra and other places. John Anderson – Agent to the Government of Prince of Wales Island People of Chinese ancestry in Phuket , Thailand make up a significant population, many of whom having descended from tin miners who migrated to the island during the 19th century. The Peranakans there are known as " Phuket Babas " in
16800-419: The station averaged only 1,386 daily riders instead of the expected 6,000. Many residents still traveled to the adjacent Sengkang and Hougang stations due to their amenities. SBS Transit, after saying that it was still "too early to draw a conclusion" about ridership, remained committed to keeping the station open to serve future developments nearby. Woodleigh station, built near the former Bidadari cemetery,
16940-439: The station sites. It was later decided to build these stations in full as it would have been more costly to wait until later to complete the stations from the structural shells. In 1998, the timeline for Punggol station was moved up because of planned housing developments in the area. The decision not to build Sennett station generated political controversy, however, with claims by residents and opposition MP Chiam See Tong that
17080-450: The station would only open if the ruling People's Action Party (PAP) secured the constituency. In 2002, after a revised ridership study, the government decided to open the station with the other NEL stations due to projected developments around the site; the station also received its present name. The NEL was initially expected to be completed by the end of 2002, with SBS staff trained in train maintenance and other technical aspects of
17220-412: The station would open on 10 December 2024. In 2022, the NEL had a daily ridership of 527,000. The line operates between 5:30 am and 12:30 am. On weekdays and Saturdays, the first train leaves Punggol (the northern terminus) at 5:42 am; the last train leaves HarbourFront (the southern terminus) at 11:56 pm. Trains run every 2.5 to 5 minutes, and the line's total travel time
17360-504: The station would open on 20 June 2011. SBS deployed several staff members to assist confused commuters who alighted at Woodleigh station instead of the adjacent Serangoon station . Others alighted to view the station's interior or try an alternative route from the station. On 17 January 2013, transport minister Lui Tuck Yew announced a one-station extension of the NEL to serve upcoming developments in Punggol North. Although it
17500-657: The sub-groups of Chinese-Peranakan, Straits Chinese or Straits-born Chinese were defined as those born or living in the Straits Settlements : a British colony consisting of Malacca , Penang , and Singapore which was established in 1826. Straits Chinese were not considered Baba Nyonya unless they displayed certain Sino-Malay syncretic attributes, in terms of attire worn, food, spoken language, choice of education, preferred career choices, choice of religion and loyalties. However, given that 'Straits Chinese'
17640-470: The system would "go to sleep" if it experiences a severe malfunction. In the event of system failure, drivers would be deployed to manually operate the trains. The NEL maintains its " mean kilometres between failures " target of one million train-km (620,000 train-miles). As part of an NEL refurbishment programme announced on 17 December 2018, parts of the power and signalling systems were serviced and new rail crossings and tracks installed. Every station has
17780-406: The tunnels. In 2019, the first-generation trains began undergoing a mid-life refurbishment which is scheduled for completion by the third quarter of 2024. Upgrades include the replacement of interior parts and the installation of a new condition-monitoring system which will monitor train performance. The first refurbished train re-entered service on 28 February 2022. With the passenger trains,
17920-414: The walls between round clerestory windows . At the apex of the roof, a further clerestory window admits more daylight. Originally a single nave with side aisles, the sanctuary is now L-shaped, incorporating a hall which was originally screened off by doors. The design of the pews is based on the original rattan-backed pews which they replaced. The altar and pulpit were originally in an apse at
18060-476: Was appointed by the MRTC to look into possible routes for the line. In March 1986, the British consultants drew up a tentative route from Outram Park to Punggol. The line would connect to the existing MRT system at Dhoby Ghaut station and pass through Kandang Kerbau and Hougang , paralleling the major Serangoon and Upper Serangoon Roads. A branch line from Hougang to Jalan Kayu was also proposed. The segment of
18200-486: Was built with barrier-free access via lifts and ramps, in contrast to older stations on previous lines which are being retrofitted. The NEL has the MRT's first tactile system. Consisting of tiles with raised rounded or elongated studs, the system intends to guide visually-impaired commuters through a station on a dedicated route from entrance to platforms. Station seats have armrests to assist those who have difficulty getting up. These accessibility features were part of
18340-473: Was completed on 13 November 2020, transport minister Ong Ye Kung said at the tunnel breakthrough ceremony that the Punggol Coast station's completion would be delayed until 2024 due to delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic . In June and July 2024, NEL operations began later at 8 am on Sundays to integrate testing and commissioning works with the new station. On 10 October 2024, the LTA announced that
18480-409: Was completely dismantled and stored in a warehouse. After the renovation, it was rebuilt and raised to its present height. A new console replaced the original, and the swell box was removed to accommodate more ranks. The action was also electrified to accommodate the enlargements to the organ. However, the organ's original slider wind chests were retained. In 1995, platforms were included on both sides of
18620-433: Was divisive; some leaders felt that it would be unfair to the residents, and others were confident that residents would be willing "to pay for a better quality of life". Increased fares for the entire network were also suggested, but Mah said that it would be more difficult to implement. He assured leaders that he would recommend construction of the line to the government. A white paper released on 2 January 1996 said that
18760-686: Was even recorded before the Dutch seized Jakarta . Many of these Peranakans in Indonesia who converted to Islam would marry into aristocratic dynasties. One organisation of Indonesian Peranakan Muslims is the Persatuan Islam Tionghoa Indonesia (Association of Indonesian Chinese Muslims), which was formed in 1936 in Medan . Some prominent Peranakan Muslims include the Indonesians Junus Jahja, Abdul Karim Oei Tjeng Hien and Tjio Wie Tay and from Pattani ,
18900-533: Was given conservation status by Singapore’s Urban Redevelopment Authority in 1989; its earlier building on 155 Middle Road was awarded historic site status in 2000. The church celebrated its hundredth anniversary in January 1994. Founded as a church in 1894, Kampong Kapor Methodist Church began its activities in November 1890, in the lower room of the Deaconess Home. Upon request, Miss Sophia Blackmore ,
19040-567: Was included in the 1991 master plan between HarbourFront and Outram Park, may be built if development warrants it. The NEL's rolling stock has six-car electric multiple unit (EMU) trains, with four doors per side on each carriage, and can accommodate up to 1,920 passengers per trainset. Twenty-five first-generation Alstom Metropolis C751A trains were ordered, built in France by Alstom in 2000 and 2001. An additional 18 second-generation Alstom Metropolis C751C trains, an updated version of
19180-441: Was initially planned to extend the line by 2030, Second Minister for Transport Ng Chee Meng announced on 7 June 2017 that the 1.6-kilometre (0.99-mile) extension would be moved up to 2023 in conjunction with development plans for the area. The contract for the extension was awarded to China State Construction Engineering Corporation Limited (Singapore Branch) in December, and construction began that month. Although tunneling
19320-587: Was laid underneath the EWL tunnels to minimise movement. Jet-grout arches were used to support the North-South line (NSL) tunnels when explosives were used to remove rock while tunnelling from Clarke Quay to Dhoby Ghaut. Roads around the line had to be temporarily diverted for construction. When the 16 stations were announced, Potong Pasir (then named Sennett), Woodleigh and Punggol were planned to be built as shell stations due to lack of development around
19460-484: Was planned during the 1980s to alleviate traffic congestion on roads leading to the northeast suburbs of the country. However, the project was delayed due to a lack of demand at that time. After the government's decision to eventually go ahead with the project at an estimated cost of S$ 5 billion, its alignment and stations were finalised in 1996 and construction began the year after. The line began operations on 20 June 2003. Two mid-line stations initially did not open with
19600-399: Was scheduled to open seven or eight years after the rest of the line. In January 2011, The Straits Times reported that preparations for the station's opening had been ongoing since the second half of 2010; the newspaper speculated that the station would open in mid-2011 to serve new developments in the area. In a March parliamentary session, Transport Minister Raymond Lim confirmed that
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