Misplaced Pages

#26973

57-663: Kapuskasing ( / ˌ k æ p ə s ˈ k eɪ s ɪ ŋ / KAP -əss- KAY -sing ) is a town on the Kapuskasing River in the Cochrane District of Northern Ontario , Canada, approximately 92 kilometres (57 mi) east of Hearst and 130 kilometres (81 mi) northwest of Timmins . The town was known as MacPherson until 1917, when the name was changed so as not to conflict with another railway stop in Manitoba . The town of Kapuskasing gets its name from

114-501: A 40-kilometre (25 mi) stretch of the river from its mouth upstream. More than 20,000 pounds of wild rice was restored in the Kapuskasing River. Hydroelectric generating stations with a combined capacity of 22 MW were proposed at four sites south of the town of Kapuskasing: Big Beaver Falls, Camp Three Rapids, White Otter Falls and Old Woman Falls. Each site features would have had an identical arrangement: location on

171-446: A change of -2.8% from its 2016 population of 8,292 . With a land area of 83.98 km (32.42 sq mi), it had a population density of 95.9/km (248.5/sq mi) in 2021. In 2006, 68% of the population identified French as its first language, 36% identified English as its first language, and 0.02% identified a non-official language as its first language (Cree etc.); 0.02% identified both French and English. The median age of

228-733: A combined capacity of 19.45 MW were proposed for four sites on the river between its source and to the south of the town of Kapuskasing. Update: Actions taken by the Ontario Rivers Alliance and its members led to the termination of 19 Feed-in-Tariff (FIT) Contracts. Four sets of rapids on the Kapuskasing River were protected from development. 10 Ontario rivers were protected in all: Matawin, Vermilion, Petawawa, Wanapitei, Blanche, Ivanhoe, Frederick House, Kapuskasing, Larder, and Serpent Rivers. Other map sources: [REDACTED] Media related to Kapuskasing River at Wikimedia Commons Canadian Corps The Canadian Corps

285-571: A geared-to-income housing complex). They were commissioned by the Spruce Falls Company Ltd. These buildings were all built in an impressive Neo-Tudor style and would form the nucleus of the town. In 1951, the inn hosted Princess Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh on their first visit to Canada. The landmark inn closed in 2002 and fell in disrepair but was slated for renovation by new investors. On May 22, 2007, youths set fire to

342-923: A repeater of CTV outlet CITO-TV Timmins . Sensenbrenner Hospital was built in 1927-1929 by the Spruce Falls Pulp & Paper Company for its workers. At the time the hospital was one of northern Ontario's finest. In 1988 the need for a more modern facility arose and the ultra-modern 53 bed complex was built in a different part of the town. Sensenbrenner serves a regional population of 14,000 residents. The hospital provides both in-patient and out-patient care. Clinical services include; emergency services, chronic cardiorespiratory, acute neurology, specialty clinics, general medicine, surgery, anaesthesia, obstetrics, pediatrics, chronic and long-term care, rehabilitation, and other related diagnostic and treatment services. The health care services are assessment, evaluation, screening, treatment programs and direct therapy. In 1995

399-419: A single unit rather than have the divisions dissipated through the whole army. The corps was commanded by Lieutenant General Sir E.A.H. Alderson , until 1916. Political considerations caused command to be passed to Lieutenant-General Sir Julian Byng . When Byng was promoted to a higher command during the summer of 1917, he was succeeded by General Sir Arthur Currie , the commander of the 1st Division, giving

456-684: A song called "Kapuskasing Coffee" on his album Valleyheart . The album won the Juno Award for Roots & Traditional Album of the Year - Solo in 2014. Kapuskasing River The river begins at Kapuskasing Lake in geographic Kapuskasing Township, Algoma District , near the railway point of Elsas , on the Canadian National Railway transcontinental main line and the location of Elsas railway station served by Via Rail Canadian trains. It flows northeast under

513-540: Is also featured in Tomson Highway's award-winning play Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing . In Season 12 of Degrassi , junior pro hockey player Campbell Saunders comes from Kapuskasing. The protagonist of Alice Munro 's story "Train" (2012), set in the early 1960s, is hopeful when he heads for Kapuskasing: "Work there, sure to be work in a lumbering town". Canadian singer-songwriter Justin Rutledge has

570-492: Is the town's MPP and represents the provincial Mushkegowuk—James Bay riding. Locally the town is led by Mayor David Plourde. The mayor works with six councillors to complete Kapuskasing's municipal government. Local officials are all elected through universal elections, meaning the town is not divided into wards. Kapuskasing's locally originated media include English-language commercial radio station CKAP (branded as Moose FM), French-language community radio station CKGN , and

627-627: The Kapuskasing River . The first reported survey of the district in which Kapuskasing lies was carried out in 1875 by Dr. Robert Bell of the Geological Survey of Canada . He referred to the Kapuskasing River as the "Kai-bush-ka-sing". According to Bell's information, the Kapuskasing River derived its name from the lake at its head. In 1900, the Bureau of Colonization of the Ontario Department of Agriculture sent parties to survey

SECTION 10

#1732772949027

684-602: The United States Army Air Forces . The town may have ceased its importance as a location for a traditional military radar base, but has become a site for the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network that is involved with tracking and measuring ionospheric turbulence. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Kapuskasing had a population of 8,057 living in 3,790 of its 4,134 total private dwellings,

741-515: The 1920s that Kapuskasing began to develop as an organized community. Val Albert Name taken from that of an early settler and assigned by postal authorities on October 7, 1936, "to correspond with the village known as {Val} Albert" (CPCGN files). Annexed by Kapuskasing on January 1, 1974. The Kapuskasing River Pulp and Timber limit, that included 4,500 square kilometres (1,700 sq mi) of timber and hydro leases at Sturgeon Falls , White Spruce Rapids (Spruce Falls) and Big Beaver Falls,

798-735: The English-language Kapuskasing Northern Times and bilingual Le/The Weekender community newspapers and the French newspaper L'Horizon . Le Nord , a French newspaper from Hearst, is also available in Kapuskasing. English-language daily newspaper the Timmins Daily Press offers minimal coverage through its regional reporting of the Cochrane District . The community receives its only aerial television coverage from CITO-TV-1 channel 10,

855-754: The Kapuskasing Internment Camp's role in Ontario's heritage. Governments of the day were mistakenly impressed with the agricultural potential of the Great Clay Belt. A federal government experimental farm had been established on the west side of the river to explore and develop crops and systems for farming the area. Under the Returned Soldiers and Sailors Act of 1917, the Kapuskasing Soldier Colony

912-411: The Kapuskasing River in 1913 and was the main means of transportation accessing the town until the late 1950s and early 1960s when Highway 11 became the main route to the city. Kapuskasing Airport was once a refueling stop for Trans-Canada Air Lines flights in the days before jet airliners. It no longer has scheduled flights. The former Spruce Falls, now GreenFirst Forest Products , had purchased

969-641: The Kapuskasing River. Isolation provided ideal security for the minimum security camp, as the railway was the only access to the remote location. Prisoners who attempted to escape into the bush were turned back by endless muskeg and clouds of mosquitoes or minus-40 degree temperatures in winter. In 1917, most were paroled to help relieve labour shortages. Afterwards, the camp was used for prisoners of war and political radicals until its closure in 1920. While serving as camp paymaster at Kapuskasing during its use for POWs, Captain Watson Kirkconnell , who

1026-563: The Ontario Provincial Police is located at the site of the old Kapuskasing Inn. Kapuskasing has Enhanced 911 (E911) service for Fire, Ambulance and Police. Kapuskasing is mentioned in the 1994 children’s book Where is Gah-Ning , by Robert Munsch . In the story, a young Chinese-Canadian girl wants to visit Kapuskasing, but her father says no. She tries to go by bicycle and later on roller blades; she finally succeeds in getting there by floating on 300 helium balloons. It

1083-570: The Province on the various resources of water power, timber, etc., that might be available for exploitation. No roads existed, but northern Cree Indians and fur traders had used the local rivers connecting to James Bay for centuries. In the summer of 1900 groups of surveyors traveled the many rivers of this remote area documenting their findings. The results were published by order of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as "Report of

1140-565: The Spruce Falls Power and Paper Company was incorporated under joint ownership of Kimberly-Clark and The New York Times . The new company negotiated two additional hydro power leases to the north on the Mattagami River at Smoky Falls and Devils Rapids. Work to build a 550 ton/day paper mill at Kapuskasing, a 75,000 HP hydro generating station at Smoky Falls and a 80 kilometres (50 mi) railway and power line connecting

1197-452: The Survey of Exploration of Northern Ontario 1900". The section of the report detailing the exploration of the Kapuskasing River contains references to the local Cree names for Sturgeon Falls, White Spruce Rapids, Kapuskasing River, and Big Beaver Falls, among others. Surveyors who explored the Kapuskasing River and tributaries in 1900 had local Cree guides familiar with the country who provided

SECTION 20

#1732772949027

1254-899: The White Otter Falls, the Bakatase Falls, the Camp Three Rapids and the Big Beaver Falls, takes in the right tributary Saganash River and reaches the town of Kapuskasing , where it is crossed by Ontario Highway 11 and the Ontario Northland Railway line (formerly Canadian National Railway , originally the National Transcontinental Railway ). It passes over a hydro dam, the Spruce Falls, takes in

1311-532: The corps its first Canadian commander. Currie was able to reconcile the desire for national independence with the need for Allied integration. He resisted pressure to replace all British officers in high-ranking positions, retaining those who were successful until they could be replaced by trained and experienced Canadians. British staff officers made up a considerable part of the Corps – although by 1917, 7 of 12 infantry brigades were commanded by Canadians trained during

1368-626: The corps spearheaded the offensive during the Battle of Amiens . Here a significant defeat was inflicted on the Germans, causing the German commander-in-chief, General Erich Ludendorff , to call August 8 "the black day of the German army." This battle marked the start of the period of the war the French later named " Canada's Hundred Days ". After Amiens, the Canadian Corps continued to help lead

1425-547: The corps were the following: The military effectiveness of the corps has been extensively analyzed. The corps evolved steadily following the 1915 summer campaign. As Godefroy (2006) notes, the Canadian Expeditionary Force "worked ceaselessly to convert all of its available political and physical resources into fighting power." One striking feature of the corps' evolution was its unique commitment and ability to exploit all opportunities for learning. This

1482-416: The country. Total fatal battle casualties during the war was 56,638, 13.5% of the 418,052 sent overseas and 9.26% of the 611,711 who enlisted. Following its formation in late 1915, the Canadian Corps readied to fight major battles as a unified entity, beginning in 1916. Additional actions were fought by one or more units of the corps ( see separate listings for the divisions, above). Major battles fought by

1539-468: The deep blue of the sky during clear weather. Wildlife is abundant. Species such as moose , black bear , lynx and red fox are commonly seen in the area. Lakes and rivers are well populated with walleye , northern pike and yellow perch . Fishing and hunting are very popular recreational activities locally. Located near the western edge of the Clay Belt of "New Ontario", the town was founded in

1596-445: The early 20th century after the National Transcontinental Railway , forerunner of the Canadian National Railway , was built through the area in 1911. An Ontario Historical Plaque was erected by the province to commemorate the founding of Kapuskasing's role in Ontario's heritage. A post-war scheme to settle Canadian Corps combat veterans in the area proved unsuccessful. It was not until the start of pulp and paper milling operations in

1653-638: The heart of the Great Clay Belt . The topography of the region is very flat, dotted with numerous small lakes and muskeg bogs. Also in the heart of Canada's boreal forest , the region is drained by rivers running north to James Bay . The district is heavily forested, mostly by thick stands of black spruce that have commercial value as pulpwood . Kapuskasing has a humid, continental climate (Koppen Dfb). Kapuskasing has long, cold winters and warm, sometimes humid summers. Spring and autumn are relatively short transitional seasons. Visitors often comment on

1710-717: The hospital built a private clinic wing near the Emergency Room. EMS services are provided by Sensenbrenner Hospital, which is managed by the Northeastern Ontario Medical Education Corporation (NOMEC). The Porcupine Health unit serves the town with preventive education, psychiatric services, social services and child social service. The town operates a fire department which is a member of the Fire Marshalls of Ontario, Public Fire Safety Council. A local branch of

1767-560: The inn. It was damaged beyond repair. The arsonists were not charged as they were below the age of criminal responsibility at the time of the fire. The remains of the inn were demolished in May and June 2008. During World War I , the town was the site of one of the largest internment camps in Canada, at Bunk Houses in Kapuskasing from December 1914 to February 1920. The camp held over 1,300 German, Austrian, and Turkish prisoners, though originally

Kapuskasing - Misplaced Pages Continue

1824-602: The later stages of the war the Canadian Corps was regarded by friend and foe alike as one of the most effective Allied military formations on the Western Front . Although the corps was within and under the command of the British Expeditionary Force , understandably there was considerable political pressure in Canada, especially following the Battle of the Somme , in 1916, to have the corps fight as

1881-408: The left bank of the river; two 2-metre (6 ft 7 in) diameter and 45-metre (148 ft) long inflatable diversion floodgates in the river; excavated approach channels and tail races; twin intakes, penstocks and identical 2.75 MW bulb turbines . The sites were expected to be in operation by 2012, but FIT Contracts were terminated in 2015. In addition, hydroelectric generating stations with

1938-608: The left tributary Lost River and right tributary Remi River , and reaches its mouth at the Mattagami River in geographic Clay Township, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of the community of Fraserdale . The Mattagami River flows via the Moose River to James Bay. The Kapuskasing River Walleye Tournament, part of the Northern Ontario Walleye Trail (NOWT), is held annually on the river on

1995-581: The local place names and their meanings to them. In this report the word Kapuskasing is said to mean "Whispering Water". At the location where the CNR crossed the Kapuskasing River in 1910, there was an island in the centre of the river. Power and storage dams were built at that location in 1923. Prior to the dam construction, the rapids at that location was known as "White Spruce Rapids" and later known simply as "Spruce Falls". The first Spruce Falls Company of 1920 took its name from these rapids. Kapuskasing lies in

2052-1053: The mainline, takes in the right tributary Nemegosenda River , passes over the Jackpine Rapids (bypassed by the Jackpine Portage), the Loon Rapids, the Buchan Falls and the Clouston Rapids, and takes in the right tributary Dunrankin River . It heads north over the Cedar Rapids, heads over the Woman Falls and Old Woman Falls, and passes from geographic Shanly Township, Algoma District into geographic Cargill Township in Cochrane District. The Kapuskasing River continues northeast over

2109-478: The majority were civilian internees of Ukrainian descent who had emigrated from the provinces of Bukovina and Galicia , their homeland, which at the time were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire , in the first wave of Ukrainian emigration to Canada prior to 1914. Prisoners were employed in the construction of buildings and clearing of land for a government experimental farm on the west side of

2166-620: The most effective allied fighting forces on the Western Front. Bartholomew Bandy, hero of The Bandy Papers series of humorous novels by Donald Jack , initially served as an infantry officer in the Canadian Corps before transferring to the Royal Flying Corps . A large part of Robertson Davies ' 1970 novel Fifth Business is devoted to the protagonist's experiences as a soldier in the Canadian Corps. Lucy Maud Montgomery ’s novel Rilla of Ingleside , (the 8th book in

2223-409: The next 20 years. The small sulphite mill started up in late 1922 with four 12-ton digesters and a daily output of 75 tons of pulp. Spent liquor was discharged untreated into the Kapuskasing River. Early development was plagued by major setbacks. Fire destroyed the construction camp and power project at Sturgeon Falls. A year's supply of pulpwood that was boomed up in the river was washed away in

2280-517: The population was 44.2 years in 2016. Travellers reach Kapuskasing by car, by Ontario Northland bus or by plane. The town's pulp and paper mill is served by the Ontario Northland Railway , which took over the trackage serving the mill in 1994. The mill is located near the original National Transcontinental Railway mainline (NTR) that was later nationalized as part of the Canadian National Railway. The railway line crossed

2337-606: The position of Chief of the Imperial General Staff. The Canadian Corps captured Vimy Ridge in April, 1917 , in a daring attack that was a turning point in the war, and as Currie called it, "the grandest day the Corps ever had". During the German spring offensive of the spring and summer of 1918, the Canadian Corps supported British and French soldiers while they held the Germans back. Between August 8 and 11, 1918,

Kapuskasing - Misplaced Pages Continue

2394-641: The region north of the Canadian Pacific Railway between the Quebec border and Lake Nipigon . Their main interest was to seek out and delimit areas for further agricultural settlements that would give Ontario a new farming frontier to offset the attraction of the western prairies. In 1900, the Department of Crown Lands commissioned a Survey of Exploration of Northern Ontario. Survey parties were sent out to explore, document and report back to

2451-535: The remainder mosquitoes and black flies." Settlers had also counted on the development of a pulp mill at Kapuskasing that would provide a local market for pulp wood. During World War II, Kapuskasing was one of five Northern Ontario radar bases that were set up to watch for potential attacks on the Soo Locks in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan . Kapuskasing was the headquarters for the radar bases, which were manned by

2508-710: The site from Rayonier Advanced Materials (RYAM) in 2021. The pulp and paper mill is the town's major employer, soon to be replaced by the Ontario Power Generation 's Smoky Falls Dam reconstruction site. A former employer was also the Agrium phosphate mine which shut down in 2013. General Motors Canada operates the GM Cold Weather Development Centre in Kapuskasing. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada operated an agricultural experiment station , or Experimental Farm, close to

2565-495: The spring flood. A fire at the new mill killed two workers and brought production to a halt. In 1923, a water storage and hydro electric dam was built by Morrow and Beatty Ltd. of Peterborough at Spruce Falls. In 1925, the Spruce Falls Company Limited was awarded additional timber limits to the north and south, bringing their total limits up to 11,830 square kilometres (4,570 sq mi). In 1926,

2622-544: The town; the Experimental Farm closed in 2014. Kapuskasing has a federal representative known as a Member of Parliament, or MP, and a provincial representative known as a Member of Provincial Parliament, or MPP. Carol Hughes of the New Democratic Party is the area's MP and represents the federal riding of Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing . Guy Bourgouin , member of Ontario's New Democratic Party,

2679-443: The two got underway in the spring of 1926. The contractor for the entire project was Morrow and Beatty Ltd. of Peterborough. Since July 13, 1928, The New York Times has been printed entirely on Spruce Falls paper. The mill has run continuously ever since. The company became known locally as "Uncle Spruce" in affectionate reference to the steady work and benefits provided to this distinct northern community for many decades. The mill

2736-524: The vanguard of an Allied push that ultimately ended on 11 November 1918 at Mons where the British Empire had first met in conflict with Imperial German forces in 1914. At the end of war the Canadian 1st and 2nd Divisions took part in the occupation of Germany and the corps was eventually demobilized in 1919. Upon their return home the veterans were greeted by large and welcoming crowds all across

2793-586: The war, British regulars were the staff officers of the divisions and British officers held two-thirds of senior appointments across the infantry, artillery and Corps headquarters with only four of the most senior appointments being Canadian. Among the British officers were Alan Brooke (at the time a major of the Royal Artillery who planned the artillery barrages for Vimy Ridge and later) and William Ironside . Both eventually became Field Marshals and held

2850-674: Was a World War I corps formed from the Canadian Expeditionary Force in September 1915 after the arrival of the 2nd Canadian Division in France . The corps was expanded by the addition of the 3rd Canadian Division in December 1915 and the 4th Canadian Division in August 1916. The organization of a 5th Canadian Division began in February 1917 but it was still not fully formed when it

2907-614: Was a corps-wide activity, involving all levels from the commander to the private soldier . This ability to learn from allied successes and mistakes made the corps increasingly successful. Doctrine was tested in limited engagements and, if proven effectual, developed for larger scale battles. Following each engagement, lessons were recorded, analyzed and disseminated to all units. Doctrine and tactics that were ineffective or cost too many lives were discarded and new methods developed. This learning process, combined with technical innovation and competent senior leadership in theatre created one of

SECTION 50

#1732772949027

2964-424: Was awarded to speculators Saphrenous A. Mundy and Elihu Stewart in 1917, and Spruce Falls Pulp and Paper Ltd. was incorporated, but no development took place. The still unexploited timber limits were sold to Kimberly-Clark in 1920. The new Spruce Falls Company Ltd. began the development of the first pulp mill in Kapuskasing under the direction of F.J. Sensenbrenner, a Vice President of Kimberly Clark Corporation for

3021-485: Was broken up in February 1918 and its men used to reinforce the other four divisions. The majority of soldiers of the Canadian Corps were British-born Canadians until near the end of the war, when the number of those of Canadian birth who had enlisted rose to 51 percent. They were mostly volunteers, as conscription was not implemented until the end of the war ( see Conscription Crisis of 1917 ). Ultimately, only 24,132 conscripts made it to France before 11 November 1918. In

3078-593: Was established to settle veterans returned from the Great War. Settlers received homesteads, grants, and guaranteed loans and were paid for clearing their own land. However, by 1920 only nine of more than a hundred original settlers remained, and the project was discontinued. A 1920 Commission of Enquiry into the failed settlement scheme found that the settlers had not been up to the task at hand. The inhospitable climate and geography had won out. One bitter settler testified, "There are 7 months snow, two months rain and

3135-515: Was later to become a highly important figure in Canadian poetry , helped prevent a prisoner uprising and, on two occasions, he also discovered and foiled attempts to tunnel out of the camp. Despite years of grief over the combat death of his brother, Captain Kirkconnell later wrote, "Generally speaking, I could feel little animus against our German prisoners. Guarding them was simply a job. It

3192-418: Was the focus of the Reesor Siding 1963 Strike , which saw three union workers killed. In 1997 Tembec became the sole owner of the mill which is now known as Tembec — Spruce Falls Operations. The Kapuskasing Inn was built in 1927–28 by George Roper Gouinlock, son of George Wallace Gouinlock , together with the Civic Centre (built 1928) and the former Sensenbrenner Hospital (built 1929, now Drury Place,

3249-406: Was their duty to try to get away and our duty to prevent it. The ingenuity that they displayed in their attempts to escape was being duplicated by our men in German captivity." A small cemetery is all that remains of the internment camp near the Kapuskasing Airport where victims of the 1918 influenza epidemic were laid to rest. An Ontario Historical Plaque was erected by the province to commemorate

#26973