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90-545: The Kedukan Bukit inscription is an inscription discovered by the Dutchman C.J. Batenburg on 29 November 1920 at Kedukan Bukit, South Sumatra , Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia ), on the banks of Tatang River, a tributary of Musi River . It is the oldest surviving specimen of the Malay language , in a form known as Old Malay . It is a small stone of 45 cm × 80 cm (18 in × 31 in). This inscription

180-541: A box-shaped door cover. The box serves as a storage area for various tools. On the back is the pawon . pawon is part of the kitchen of this traditional house. The word pawon is actually not only known in South Sumatra. The Javanese people , besides adapting the Limas house shape, also recognize the word pawon to mention the position of the kitchen in their home. South Sumatra's traditional clothes are known by

270-429: A cultural icon of the province is the trident , or locally known as trisula . This spear is shaped like a wooden spear with 3 sharp eyes at the end. The spear length is as high as an adult, which is around 180 cm and used to be used by Srivijaya royal warriors as the main weapon. Kris is not only used by the people of Java. Some other sub-ethnic Malays also recognize this type of weapon in their culture, including

360-711: A daily language, such as Komering , Rawas , Musi and Lahat. Migrants from outside South Sumatra sometimes also use their local language as a daily language in their families or regional communities. However, to communicate with other Palembang residents, residents generally use the Palembang Malay as their daily language of instruction. In addition to the indigenous people, in Palembang there are also migrants and descendants, such as from Java, Minangkabau , Madura , Bugis and Banjar . Many descendants living in Palembang are Chinese , Arabs and Indian . Indonesian

450-429: A formidable sea power until the 13th century. According to George Cœdès , at the end of the 13th century, the empire "had ceased to exist... caused by the simultaneous pressure on its two flanks of Siam and Java." However, there was a power vacuum in the region since there was no prominent power to hold the region except for the waning Majapahit Empire , centered on Java island. The vacuum allowed pirates to flourish in

540-566: A house built on water. The architectural model of the Palembang house which is most typical is the rumah limas which is mostly erected on stilts on the water to protect from flooding that continues to occur until now. In the Musi river area, Palembang people often offer their wares on boats. The Komering are one of the tribes or cultural regions in South Sumatra, located along the Komering River . Like other ethnic groups in South Sumatra,

630-450: A large kingdom that was rich, with many soldiers. Srivijaya's produced camphor , agarwood , cloves , sandalwood , nutmeg , cardamom and gambier . Another note from a Persian expert named Abu Zaid Hasan who received information from Sujaimana, an Arab trader, that the empire was well-advanced in the field of agriculture. Abu Zaid wrote that the kingdom of Zabaj (another Arabic name for Srivijaya) had fertile land and extensive power to

720-411: A result of climate change , and four other islands were close to being submerged. The province is home to several nature reserves , including Isau-Isau Wildlife Reserve . As in most other province of Indonesia, South Sumatra has a tropical rainforest climate ( Köppen climate classification Af ) bordering on a tropical monsoon climate. The climate is very much dictated by the surrounding sea and

810-530: Is a province of Indonesia . It is located on the east coast of central Sumatra and stretches to the Barisan Mountains in the west. Its capital and largest city is also called Jambi . It is bordered by the provinces of Riau to the north, West Sumatra to the west, Bengkulu to the southwest, South Sumatra to the south, and shares a maritime border with the Riau Islands to the east and

900-426: Is a reflection of the daily lives of housewives and young women in South Sumatra. In their daily lives, housewives and young women do work in the form of songket weaving which is a special fabric of their region. Aside from being an effort to preserve traditional dances, this dance is at the same time as a promotion of their regional special fabrics, namely songket . The first traditional South Sumatra weapon and often

990-401: Is also a distinctive fabric favored by many people. The South Sumatran signature food, Pempek , can not only be found in the city of Palembang and the surrounding area, but also has spread throughout Indonesia as well as neighbouring countries such as Singapore and Malaysia . Rumah limas is a traditional house in the province of South Sumatra. The architecture of this traditional house

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1080-477: Is also dedicated to welcoming honored guests. In contrast to Gending Sriwijaya dance, Tanggai dance is performed by five people wearing local clothing such as songket , dodot , pending , necklaces and other decorations. This dance is a combination of graceful motion with typical regional clothing. This dance describes the people of Palembang who are friendly and respectful, respecting and loving guests visiting their area. Tenun songket dance or tarian tenun songket

1170-466: Is bordered by Jambi to the north, Lampung to the south and Bengkulu to the west, while in the east the Bangka Strait separates the province and the island-province of Bangka Belitung Islands . On the east coast the land consists of swamps and brackets which are affected by tides. Its vegetation is in the form of palmate plants and mangrove . A little more western is a vast lowland. Far to

1260-1235: Is dated 1 May 683 CE. This inscription was written in Pallava script . Svasti ! Pada 11 hari bulan separuh Vaiśākha tahun 605 Śaka , Dapunta Hiyang menaiki sampan untuk mendapatkan siddhayātra . Pada hari ke tujuh iaitu 15 hari bulan separuh Jyeṣṭha , Dapunta Hiyang berlepas dari Mināṅa membawa 20000 orang bala tentera dengan bekal-bekalan sebanyak 200 peti di sampan diiringi 1312 orang yang berjalan kaki banyaknya datang ke hulu Upang dengan sukacitanya. Pada 15 hari bulan separuh āsāḍha dengan mudah dan gembiranya datang membuat benua ... Śrīvijaya jaya siddhayātra subhikṣa nityakāla ! Selamat! Tahun Śaka memasuki 605, pada hari kesebelas, Dapunta Hiyang menaiki sampan untuk mengambil siddhayātra . Pada hari ketujuh, yaitu 15 hari pertama bulan Jyeṣṭha , Dapunta Hiyang meninggalkan Mināṅa untuk membawa 20.000 orang pasukan tentara dengan perbekalan sebanyak 200 peti di sampan diiringi sebanyak 1312 orang yang berjalan kaki datang ke hulu Upang dengan sukacita. Pada 15 hari pertama bulan āsāḍha dengan mudah dan gembiranya datang membuat benua ... Sriwijaya jaya siddhayātra subhikṣa nityakāla ! Om swasti astu! All hail and prosperity. In

1350-488: Is generally used as a second language and also as the language of education and for official purposes. The people of the province, as with other parts of Sumatra with the exception of Bangka Belitung and North Sumatra provinces, overwhelmingly follow the Shafi'i school of law of Sunni Islam . The religion is mainly adopted by the ethnic Malays, Javanese, Minangkabau, and Sundanese. Other minority religions are also practiced;

1440-421: Is influenced by Islamic culture and Malay culture . Although this traditional house originated from South Sumatra, it has influenced the construction of other traditional houses in the other places. The rumah limas traditional house has an area of between 400 and 1000 square meters. The whole house, resting on wooden pillars that were slung on the ground. The rumah limas is divided into several parts, namely

1530-635: Is one of the Sumatran Tiger 's last strongholds on the island, and within its borders sits the highest active volcano in Southeast Asia - Mount Kerinci . May 2011: The Jambi provincial administration is striving to have the ancient Muaro Jambi temple site at Muaro Jambi village in Maro Sebo District, Muaro Jambi Regency , recognized as a World Heritage Site . The site was a Buddhist education centre that flourished during

1620-455: Is one of the rice barns for the area of South Sumatra. Customs and culture of this region are strongly influenced by the strong Islamic breath. Starting from tambourine music, folk songs and dances are strongly influenced by the Malay culture and Islamic culture . The language used in everyday life is the Semendo language . While Indonesian is the official language in the province, most of

1710-567: Is the month with the most rainfall while the drier season usually occurs from June to September. The climate in South Sumatra is similar to other regions in Indonesia, only known for two seasons, namely the dry season and the rainy season. From June to September southeast winds flow from Australia with relatively less water vapor, resulting in a drier season. Conversely in December to March many wind currents contain water vapor from Asia and

1800-736: The Java Sea and the Karimata Strait . The expansion of this kingdom into Java and the Malay Peninsula , allowed Srivijaya to control the main trade routes in Southeast Asia. Archeologist found the ruins of Srivijaya temples as far as Thailand and Cambodia . In the 7th century, the port of Champa in eastern Indochina began to divert traders from Srivijaya. To prevent this, Maharaja Dharmasetu launched several attacks on coastal cities in Indochina. The city of Indrapura on

1890-631: The Malays speak a dialect of the Malay language called the Palembang Malay or Musi. Currently, Palembang Malay has become the lingua franca in the region. Palembang Malay originated from the Old Malay language which blends with Javanese and is pronounced according to the accent of the Palembang people. Moreover, this language has absorbed words from Arabic , Urdu , Persian , Chinese , Portuguese , English and Dutch , because Palembang

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1980-654: The Mesuji , Lalan and Banyuasin River. Most water from the South Sumatra section of Bukit Barisan mountains flows eastwards into Bangka Strait as Musi River , with Ogan , Komering, Lematang, Kelingi, Lakitan, Rupit River and Rawas River are its major tributaries. A few rivers in South Sumatra flow westwards into Indian Ocean , for example Manna River in Pagaralam and Tanjung Sakti. In January 2020, two islands in South Sumatra, Betet Island and Gundul Island, were submerged as

2070-739: The Pacific Ocean during the rainy season. Such conditions occur every half year after passing the transition periods in between April–May and October–November. The capital of South Sumatra province is Palembang . As at 2000 this province was divided into six regencies ( kabupaten ) - Lahat , Muara Enim , Musi Banyuasin , Musi Rawas , Ogan Komering Ilir and Ogan Komering Ulu - plus the autonomous city ( kota ) of Palembang . On 21 June 2001 three new autonomous cities were created - Lubuklinggau from part of Musi Rawas Regency, Pagar Alam from part of Lahat Regency, and Prabumulih from part of Muara Enim Regency. A seventh regency - Banyuasin -

2160-474: The Pacific Ocean to the east. The province has a land area of 49,026.58 km , and a sea area of 3,274.95 km . Its area is comparable to the European country of Slovakia . It had a population of 3,092,265 according to the 2010 census and 3,548,228 according to the 2020 census; the official estimate of population as of mid-2023 was 3,679,169 (comprising 1,872,177 males and 1,806,992 females). Jambi

2250-675: The People's Representative Council . The Jambi Electoral District consists of all of the 9 regencies in the province, together with the cities of Jambi and Sungai Penuh, and elects 8 members to the People's Representative Council. The largest of the three national parks comprising the Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra , Kerinci Seblat has the distinction of being the second-largest national park in all of Southeast Asia , only after Lorentz National Park on Papua. It

2340-565: The People's Representative Council . The South Sumatra I Electoral District consists of 4 of the regencies in the province (Musi Rawas, Musi Banyuasin, Banyuasin and North Musi Rawas), together with the cities of Palembang and Lubuklinggau, and elects 8 members to the People's Representative Council. The South Sumatra II Electoral District consists of the remaining 9 regencies (Ogan Komering Ulu, Ogan Komering Ilir, Muara Enim, Lahat, East Ogan Komering Ulu, South Ogan Komering Ulu, Ogan Ilir, Empat Lawang and Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir), together with

2430-650: The Portuguese . In 1659, Sri Susuhunan Abdurrahman proclaimed the establishment of the Palembang Sultanate . The Sultanate of Palembang stood for almost two centuries, from 1659 to 1825. Sultan Ratu Abdurrahman Kholifatul Mukminin Sayidul Iman, or Sunan Cinde Walang, was the first king of the Sultanate of Palembang. The reign of Sultan Muhammad Bahauddin (1776–1803) was known as the golden era of

2520-512: The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence , South Sumatra became a part of Sumatra Province as a residency with Adnan Kapau Gani as the resident. On January 1, 1947, the Dutch tried to regain its sovereignty over South Sumatra by invading Palembang and fighting ensued across South Sumatra until Indonesia's independence was recognized by the Dutch on December 27, 1949. The area occupied by

2610-696: The Semendawai clan. The area of Komering culture is the most extensive area compared to the cultural areas of other tribes in South Sumatra. In addition, when viewed from the character of the people, the Komering people are known to have a high and hard temper. Based on folklore in the Komering community, the ancestor of the Komering people and the ancestor of the Batak people in North Sumatra , are said to be still brothers. The brothers who came from across

2700-622: The 7th and 8th centuries and is made from bricks similar to those used in Buddhist temples in India . Due to transmigration policy, many ethnic groups from various parts of Indonesia, especially Java, Borneo, Sulawesi and other parts of Sumatra brought their native languages as well. The non-Pribumi people such as the Chinese Indonesians speak several varieties of Chinese . Ethnically, the population comprises: As of 2022 , Islam

2790-474: The Chinese primarily follow Mahayana Buddhism and Christianity . As of 2022 , Islam is the largest religion in South Sumatra, being practised by 97.59% of the population. Minority religions are Christianity ( Protestant and Roman Catholic ) with 2.34%, Buddhism 0.06%, and others (including Folk religion, Hinduism , Confucianism and Others) 0.01% of the population. Like most other provincial cultures on

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2880-443: The Dutch increasingly felt the need to control the actions of Jambi. They coerced Sultan Facharudin to agree to greater Dutch presence in the region and control over trade, although the sultanate remained nominally independent. In 1858 the Dutch, concerned over the risk of competition for control from other foreign powers, invaded Jambi with a force from their capital Batavia . They met little resistance, and Sultan Taha fled upriver, to

2970-471: The Kedukan Bukit inscription in 682, this empire became known under the leadership of Dapunta Hyang . That he departed on the siddhayatra holy journey to "take blessings", and led 20,000 soldiers and 312 people on board with 1,312 soldiers on foot from Minanga Tamwan to Jambi and Palembang . The Kedukan Bukit Inscription is reputed to be the oldest inscription written in Malay . Experts argue that

3060-621: The Majapahit regained control of Palembang after sending a commander named Arya Damar. By the late 15th century, Islam has spread throughout the region, replacing Buddhism and Hinduism as the dominant religion. Around the early 16th century, Tomé Pires , an adventurer from Portugal , said that Palembang had been led by an appointed patih (regent) from Java who was later referred to the Demak Sultanate and participated in attacking Malacca , which at that time had been controlled by

3150-553: The Netherlands in South Sumatra was incorporated into State of South Sumatra under the United States of Indonesia until the disbandment of the union and the founding of the republic. On 12 September 1950, South Sumatra province was established with a territory much larger than it is today, as it encompassed the southern third of Sumatra island covering areas that were eventually formed into separate provinces: Lampung

3240-568: The Palembang Sultanate, the sultanate's economy increased sharply because of trade, including with the VOC . The VOC was upset with Sultan Bahauddin's trade monopoly which caused their contracts to be rejected often. Sultan Bahauddin preferred to trade with Britain , China and Malay people in Riau . The impact of the policy generated enormous wealth for the empire. The Palembang Sultanate

3330-636: The Sailendra people migrated to Central Java and ruled there. In the same century, the Langkasuka kingdom in the Malay peninsula became part of the kingdom. In the following period, Pan Pan and Trambralinga , located north of Langkasuka, were also under the influence of Srivijaya. Based on historical records from Arabia , Srivijaya was called Sribuza . In 955 CE, Al Masudi , a traveler and classical Arab historian wrote about Srivijaya, describing it as

3420-641: The Srivijaya colonies, such as the Nicobar Islands region and at the same time succeeded in capturing the ruling Srivijaya king Sangrama Vijayatunggavarman . During the following decades, the entire Sriwijaya empire was under the influence of the Chola dynasty. Rajendra Chola I gave the opportunity to the kings he conquered to remain in power while remaining subservient to him. Srivijaya's capital eventually moved northward to Jambi. This can be attributed to

3510-407: The area. The cultural wealth of South Sumatra is not only popular within the South Sumatra region itself. In all corners of Indonesia, various South Sumatran cultures are well-known, even popular with many people. An example is the rumah limas traditional house, this house has been adopted by many people in various regions because the construction is not complicated. In addition, songket weaving

3600-630: The banks of the Mekong river was captured by Srivijaya in the early 8th century. Srivijaya continued its domination of Cambodia, until the Khmer king Jayawarman II , founder of the Khmer Empire , severed ties with Srivijaya in the same century. At the end of the 8th century some kingdoms in Java, including Tarumanegara and Holing, were under the rule of Srivijaya. According to records, during this period

3690-462: The bride and groom are portrayed as kings and queens. The difference between Aesan Gede and Aesan Paksongko patterns, if detailed as follows; Pink Gede style combined with golden color. Both colors are believed to reflect the majesty of the Sriwijaya nobles. Especially with the glittering of complementary jewelry and the crown of Aesan Gede , bungo cempako , kembang goyang , and

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3780-512: The characteristic of this tribe is that of explorers so that the spread of this tribe is quite extensive up to Lampung . The Komering people are divided into two major groups: Komering Ilir who lives around Kayu Agung and Komering Ulu who live around the city of Baturaja . The Komering people are divided into several clans, including the Paku Sengkunyit clan, Sosoh Buay Rayap clan, Peliyung Pemuka Buay clan, Bu Madang clan, and

3870-461: The cities of Pagar Alam and Prabumulih, and elects 9 members to the People's Representative Council. The province has no clear ethnic dominance, though the indigenous Musi -speaking Palembang have a plurality, followed by the Javanese , most of whom have been recent migrants from Java as part of the government-sanctioned transmigration project created to balance the population, especially from

3960-512: The city or also called the bahasa pasar (market language). Secondly is the polite and formal style ( Bebaso ), which is used by limited circles, such as sultans and nobility. Usually spoken by and for people who are respected or who are older. As used by children to parents, daughter-in-law to parents-in-law, students to teachers, or between speakers of the same age as the purpose of mutual respect, because Bebaso means to speak politely and subtly. However, migrants often use their local language as

4050-825: The collapse of Tarumanagara in West Java and Holing ( Kalingga ) in Central Java , which was most likely due to Sriwijaya's attack. It is also possible that the Bhumi Jawa kingdom mentioned in the inscription is referring to the Kingdom of Tarumanegara. Srivijaya continued to grow and succeeded in controlling the maritime trade routes in the Straits of Malacca , the Sunda Strait , the South China Sea ,

4140-652: The country. After arriving in Sumatra, they separated. The older brother went south to become the ancestor of the Komering people, and the younger brother to the north became ancestor of the Batak people . The Semendo people live in the Semendo District, Muara Enim Regency . Historically, the Semendo people came from the descendants of the Bantenese people who, in the past few centuries, traveled from Java to

4230-629: The early decades of the Dutch presence in the region, when the Dutch were one of several traders competing with the British, Chinese, Arabs, and Malays, the Jambi Sultanate profited from trade in pepper with the Dutch. This relationship declined by about 1770, and the sultanate had little contact with the Dutch for about sixty years. In 1833, minor conflicts with the Dutch East Indies who were well established in Palembang, meant

4320-524: The east-central part of Muara Enim Regency was to be split off to form a fourteenth regency - Rambang Lubai Lematang ; however, this has not been enacted by 2024, because of the moratorium maintained since 2013 by the Indonesian Government on the creation of new regencies and cities, so no statistics relating to this latest division are yet available. The province comprises two of Indonesia's 84 national electoral districts to elect members to

4410-547: The economy and position of Sriwijaya. According to the Chinese Song dynasty book Zhu Fan Zhi , written around 1225 by Zhao Rugua , the two most powerful and richest kingdoms in the Southeast Asian archipelago were Srivijaya and Java ( Kediri ), with the western part (Sumatra, the Malay peninsula, and western Java/ Sunda ) under Srivijaya's rule and the eastern part under Kediri's domination. It said that

4500-413: The entire archipelago, managed to capture and kill Taha, and in 1906, the entire area was brought under direct colonial control. Following the death of Jambi Sultan, Taha Saifuddin, on 27 April 1904 and the success of the Dutch controlled areas of the Sultanate of Jambi, Jambi then was set up as a Residency and entry into the territory Netherlands Indies. Jambi's first Resident OL Helfrich was appointed by

4590-431: The form of Aesan Paksangkong crown. Also not to forget the clothes decorating clothes such as jewelry with golden images, stand-by dress, rocking flowers, and kenango flowers. Gending Sriwijaya is a regional song and also a fairly popular dance from Palembang. This Gending Sriwijaya song was performed to accompany the tarian Gending Sriwijaya dance. Both songs and dances depict the nobility of culture, glory, and

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4680-422: The governor general under Dutch Decree No. 20, dated 4 May 1906, with his inauguration held on 2 July 1906. In 1945, Sumatra comprised a single province, but in 1948 this was divided into three provinces, including the province of Central Sumatra (which included present-day Jambi Province). In 1957 this short-lived province was itself divided, and Jambi was created as an independent Province. When Jambi Province

4770-624: The half-month..., agile, happy, and they made a trip to the country ... Great Sriwijaya ! Prosperity and riches ... South Sumatra South Sumatra has been settled by humans since the Palaeolithic era. The evidence of those settlements is proven by discoveries of Palaeolithic tools in the riverbed of Saling and Kikim rivers in Bungamas Village, Lahat Regency and Seventy-eight skeletons dating back to 3,000–14,000 years ago, presumably of Austronesian and Austromelanesoid origins

4860-444: The highly overpopulated Java island; as a result, Javanese is also widely spoken and understood, especially in areas with a high population of transmigrant, for example Belitang. Forming the next largest group is the other Malayic -speaking populations as well as the Komering, a distinct Malayo-Polynesian people related to the native Lampungese from neighboring Lampung . Minangkabau , Chinese , and Sundanese also form minorities in

4950-411: The inland regions of Jambi. The Dutch installed a puppet ruler, Nazarudin, in the lower region, which included the capital city. For the next forty years Taha maintained the upriver kingdom, and slowly reextended his influence over the lower regions through political agreements and marriage connections. In 1904, however, the Dutch were stronger and, as a part of a larger campaign to consolidate control over

5040-487: The island of Sumatra , the culture of the province of South Sumatra is largely influenced by Malay culture . In addition, there are some cultures that are influenced by Islam , and some are influenced by the greatness of the Srivijaya kingdom . South Sumatra's cultural wealth includes traditional houses, traditional clothing, various types of dances, religious ceremonies such as Sedekah Rame , as well as typical food from

5130-452: The island of Sumatra, and later settled and gave birth to grandchildren in the Semendo area. Nearly 100% of the Semendo population depend on agricultural products, which are still processed in traditional ways. Agricultural land in this area is quite fertile, because it is approximately 900 meters above sea level. There are two main commodities from this area: Robusta coffee with a total production of 300 tons per year, and rice, where this area

5220-501: The kingdom used to move its administrative center, but the capital remained directly governed by the authorities, while the supporting areas were governed by the local datuk . In the 7th century, the Chinese noted that there were two kingdoms namely Malayu and Kedah that were part of the Srivijaya empire. The Srivijaya empire had existed since 671 according to the notes of the Chinese Buddhist monk Yijing . From

5310-449: The main room pangkeng (bedroom), and pawon (kitchen). The main room is located at the top level and right under the limas roof. In this room there is an amben or a conference room. This room is located in the center of the rumah limas , both for customary and decorative purposes. The pangkeng section is a bedroom. This section of space is on the right or left side. To enter the pangkeng room, it must be done by passing

5400-402: The majesty of the former Srivijaya Empire which once triumphed in uniting the western Nusantara . This Sriwijaya Gending dance from South Sumatra was performed to welcoming honored guests. Usually, this dance is performed by as many as thirteen dancers, consisting of nine core dancers and four companions and singers. Tanggai dance or tari Tangga is a traditional dance from South Sumatra that

5490-406: The name Aesan gede , symbolizing greatness, and Aesan paksangko which that symbolizes the elegance of the people of South Sumatra. These traditional clothes are usually only used during traditional wedding ceremonies. With the understanding that this marriage ceremony is a big ceremony. By using Aesan Gede or Aesan Paksangko as a bridal costume it means something very elegant because

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5580-455: The name She-po . It is said that San-fo-tsi and She-po were involved in competition for control of Southeast Asia. Both countries sent ambassadors to each other to China. The San-fo-tsi ambassador who departed in 988 was held in Canton when he returned, because his country was attacked by Javanese troops. This attack from Java allegedly took place around the 990s, between 988 and 992 during

5670-597: The news of the San-fo-ts'i delegation to China in 1028. Another factor in Sriwijaya's decline was natural factors. Because of the sedimentation of mud on the Musi River and several other tributaries, the merchant ships arriving in Palembang diminished. As a result, the city of Palembang is getting away from the sea and not being strategic. As a result of the coming of the merchant ship, the tax decreased and weakened

5760-646: The other side of the sea. Srivijaya controlled the maritime trade route in Southeast Asia throughout the 10th century, but at the end of the century the Kingdom of Medang in East Java grew into a new maritime force and began to challenge the dominance of Srivijaya. The Chinese news from the Song dynasty called the Srivijaya Kingdom in Sumatra the name San-fo-tsi , while the Kingdom of Medang in Java by

5850-459: The past. This weapon looks like a typical West Sumatra Kerambit , but is smaller in size and has 2 sharp blades. Many forms of transportations are available in the province. As a province traversed by several large rivers, the people of South Sumara also recognize the importance water transport, which is called ketek . This ketek serves river crossings through various piers along the Musi , Ogan and Komering Rivers. Jambi Jambi

5940-423: The people in Java followed two religions, Buddhism and the religion of Brahmins ( Hinduism ), while the people of Srivijaya followed Buddhism. The book described the people of Java as being brave, short-tempered and willing to fight. It also noted their favourite pastimes as cockfighting and pig fighting. The coin used as the currency were made from a mixture of copper , silver , and tin . Srivijaya remained

6030-444: The people of South Sumatra. Although it has the same shape, the South Sumatra kris has its own characteristics. The number of curves or curves is always an odd number between 7 and 13 with a wide angle. That is why the typical South Sumatra kris tends to be longer and taper. Skin is a traditional South Sumatra weapon which is thought to originate from acculturation of local culture to the culture of Chinese traders and East Asia in

6120-453: The prevailing wind system. It has high average temperature and high average rainfall. Throughout the year the province is only affected by two seasons, namely the rainy season and the dry season. The air temperature varies from 24.7 to 32.9 degrees Celsius with air humidity levels ranging from 82% to 88%. The relative rainy season falls from October to April. Variation in rainfall ranges from 2,100 to 3,264 millimetres (83 to 129 in). December

6210-624: The province. The Palembang people are the majority in this province, divided into two groups: Wong Jeroo is a descendant of nobility and is slightly lower than the courtiers from the past kingdom based in Palembang, and Wong Jabo is a commoner. An expert on the origin of Palembang people who are also descendants of the king, admitted that the Palembang people were the descendants of Arabs , Chinese , Javanese and other ethnic groups in Indonesia . The Palembang people themselves have two different languages, namely Baso Palembang Alus and Baso Palembang Sari-Sari . The Palembang people still lives in

6300-508: The region. After being conquered by the Majapahit in 1375 AD, the Palembang region was made a vassal of the Majapahit Empire, under the leadership of Hayam Wuruk . The government in Palembang was handed over to a regent who was appointed directly by the Majapahit. However, internal problems in the Majapahit Empire distracted them from the conquered territories, causing the Palembang region to be controlled by traders from China until

6390-472: The reign of Sri Cudamani Warmadewa . The kingdom of Medang succeeded in capturing Palembang in 992 for a while, but later the Medang forces were successfully repelled by Srivijaya forces. The Hujung Langit inscription of 997 mentions a Javanese attack on Sumatra. This series of attacks from Java ultimately failed because Java failed to establish a foothold in Sumatra. Capturing the capital city of Palembang

6480-405: The splitting of existing ones— Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir from part of Muara Enim Regency on 14 December 2012, and North Musi Rawas from part of Musi Rawas Regency on 10 June 2013. All thirteen regencies and the four cities are listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 census and 2020 census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. It was announced in 2022 that

6570-488: The standard kelapo . Then they are combined with dodot clothes and lepus songket cloth patterned in silver for the Aesan Paksangkong . For men using gold embroidered songket lepus, robes of gold flower motifs, songket sling, sleeves, and golden songkok worn on the head. And for women using lotus, red noble brackets studded with golden star flowers, lepus songket cloth embroidered with gold, and headdress in

6660-534: The time, Mahmud Badaruddin II rejected British claims to suzerainty. The British, under Stamford Raffles responded by attacking Palembang, sacking the court, and installing sultan's more cooperative younger brother, Najamuddin to the throne. The Dutch attempted to recover their influence at the court in 1816, but Sultan Najamuddin was uncooperative with them. An expedition launched by the Dutch in 1818 and captured Sultan Najamudin and exiled him to Batavia . A Dutch garrison

6750-524: The west near the border of Bengkulu and Jambi lies the Bukit Barisan mountains , which divides South Sumatra and is a mountainous area with an altitude of 900 to 1,200 metres (3,000 to 3,900 ft) above sea level. Barisan Hill consists of the summit of Mount Seminung (1,964 metres or 6,444 feet asl), Mount Dempo (3,159 metres or 10,364 feet asl), Mount Patah (1,107 metres or 3,632 feet asl), and Mount Bungkuk (2,125 metres or 6,972 feet asl). To

6840-493: The west of Bukit Barisan is a slope. In the Bukit Barisan valley there are areas of rubber, oil palm, and agriculture plantations, especially coffee, tea and vegetables. Mount Dempo is the highest point in the province. South Sumatra has large rivers that can be navigated, but currently, because of the silting process, cannot be navigated by large ships. Most of the rivers have flows from the Bukit Barisan mountains, except

6930-583: The writer of this inscription adapted Indian orthography. Based on the Kota Kapur Inscription dated from 686 CE that is found on the island of Bangka , this empire has dominated the southern part of Sumatra, the islands of Bangka and Belitung , to Lampung . This inscription also mentions that Emperor Sri Jayanasa launched a military expedition to punish the Bhumi Jawa kingdom who were not loyal to Srivijaya, this event coincided with

7020-450: The year 605 of the Saka calendar, on the eleventh day at half-month of Waisaka , Sri Baginda took dugouts in order to obtain siddhayatra . On Day 7, on the 15th day at half-month of Jyestha , Sri Baginda extricated himself from minānga tāmvan . He took 20,000 troops with him ... as many as 200 in dugouts, with 1,312 foot soldiers. They arrived at ... Truly merry on the fifteenth day of

7110-409: Was carved from the southern part of the province in 1964, Bengkulu from the coastal western part of the province in 1967, and Bangka Belitung on 4 December 2000. South Sumatra has an area of 91,592.43 square kilometres (35,364.03 sq mi) and is located on the island of Sumatra , western Indonesia which lies south of the equator at 1–4 degrees south and 102–108 degrees east. The province

7200-486: Was created in 1957, it comprised three regencies - Kerinci (renamed from South Pesisir Regency on 19 March 1956), Batanghari and Bungo Tebo - as well as the independent city of Jambi City . On 14 June 1965 two new regencies were formed - Sarolangun Bangko from part of Bungo Tebo Regency, and Tanjung Jabung from part of Batanghari Regency. On 4 October 1999 four additional regencies were created by splitting each of four existing regencies in two - Muara Jambi

7290-601: Was established in 1821, but sultan attempted an attack and a mass poisoning to the garrison, which were intervened by the Dutch. Mahmud Badaruddin II was exiled to Ternate , and his palace was burned to the ground. The Sultanate was later abolished by the Dutch and direct colonial rule was established. Southern Sumatra was occupied by the Japanese on January 15, 1942, after the Battle of Palembang in World War II . After

7380-401: Was established in an area that's now Palembang. This kingdom became the center of trade and was a maritime power, but this kingdom did not expand its power outside the islands of Southeast Asia , with the exception of contributing to the population of Madagascar as far as 3,300 miles west. Some experts are still debating the area that was the center of the Srivijaya Kingdom. It was likely that

7470-610: Was excavated from the site of Harimau Cave in Padang Bindu Village, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency . Relics of seven stone chambers believed to be about 2,500 years old were found near a coffee plantation in Kotaraya Lembak, Lahat Regency . Around 300 BC, the Deutero-Malay people arrived in this region and pushed the native people inland. Around 7th century AD, an ancient Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya

7560-496: Was formed from part of Batanghari Regency, while Sarolangun Bangko Regency was split into separate Sarolangun and Merangin Regencies, Tanjung Jabung Regency was split into separate Tanjung Jabung Barat ( West Tanjung Jabung ) and Tanjung Jabung Timur ( East Tanjung Jabung ) Regencies, and Bungo Tebo Regency was split into separate Bungo and Tebo Regencies. Finally, a second independent city of Sungai Penuh ( Penuh River )

7650-477: Was formed on 10 April 2002 from part of Musi Banyuasin Regency; and three further regencies were created on 18 December 2003 - Ogan Ilir from part of Ogan Komering Ilir, and South Ogan Komering Ulu and East Ogan Komering Ulu from parts of Ogan Komering Ulu Regency. An eleventh Regency - Empat Lawang - was formed on 2 January 2007 from part of Lahat Regency. Two new regencies have subsequently been created by

7740-660: Was not enough because the Sriwijaya spread itself in several port cities in the Malacca Strait . The Srivijaya emperor, Sri Cudamani Warmadewa , escaped out of the capital and traveled around regaining its strength and reinforcements from his allies and subordinate kings and succeeded in repelling the Javanese navy. In 1025, the empire was defeated by the Chola Empire (during the period of Emperor Rajendra Chola I) of southern India . The Chola Empire had conquered

7830-608: Was once a large trading city, attracting various kinds of merchants from various places. In the past, Palembang Malay was written with the Jawi script , a modified version of the Arabic script . Nowadays, the user of the Jawi script is diminishing and being replaced by the Latin script . Palembang Malay consists of two register , first is the everyday language that is used almost by everyone in

7920-526: Was split off from Kerinci Regency on 1 July 2008. Thus Jambi province is now divided into nine regencies ( kabupaten ) and two cities ( kota ), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 and 2020 censuses, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. These are divided into 141 districts ( kecamatan ), in turn sub-divided into 153 urban villages ( kelurahan ) and 1,399 rural villages ( desa ). The province forms one of Indonesia's 84 national electoral districts to elect members to

8010-547: Was strategically located in conducting trade relations, especially spices with outside parties. The Palembang Sultanate also ruled over the Bangka-Belitung islands which had a tin mine and had been traded since the 18th century. As the Dutch East India Company increased its influence in the region, the Sultanate started to decline and lost its power. During Napoleonic Wars in 1812, the sultan at

8100-641: Was the site of the Melayu kingdom that engaged in trade throughout the Strait of Malacca and beyond. It was recorded as having sent a mission to China in 644 CE. It was annexed by Srivijaya by 685 CE, but tried to declare its independence in the 9th century. Jambi succeeded Palembang , its southern economic and military rival, as the major player in trade in the Malacca straits. After the 1025 Chola raids in Southeast Asia , Jambi still sent missions to China. In

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