Pahang Malay ( Standard Malay : Bahasa Melayu Pahang ; Jawi : بهاس ملايو ڤهڠ ) is a Malayic language spoken in the Malaysian state of Pahang . It is regarded as the dominant Malay dialect spoken along the vast riverine systems of Pahang, but co-exists with other Malay dialects traditionally spoken in the state. Along the coastline of Pahang, Terengganu Malay is spoken in a narrow strip of sometimes discontiguous fishing villages and towns. Another dialect spoken in Tioman island is a distinct Malay variant and most closely related to Riau Archipelago Malay subdialect spoken in Natuna and Anambas islands in the South China Sea , together forming a dialect continuum between the Bornean Malay and the Mainland Peninsular / Sumatran Malay.
58-590: Kuantan ( Pahang Malay : Kontaeng ; Terengganu Malay : Kuatang/Kuantang ; Jawi : كوانتن ) is a city and the state capital of Pahang , Malaysia. It is located near the mouth of the Kuantan River. Kuantan is the 14th largest city in Malaysia based on a 2020 population of 548,014 and the largest city on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia . The administrative centre of the state of Pahang
116-595: A dry season ) occurs when seasonal south-west winds blow from Sumatra toward the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia but are blocked by the Titiwangsa Mountain Range. The temperature may reach 40 degrees Celsius. The Rainy season usually occurs between October and March. During this season, the north-east winds bring rain to Kuantan. It can get very cloudy with a large amount of rainfall. Floods may also occur. Areas subject to possible flooding include
174-581: A catalyst to fast-track the economic development in the east coast. ECER SEZ aims to generate RM90 billion of investments and provide over 90,000 new jobs by 2020. At the centre of southeast Asia with four seaports ( Kuantan Port as the main gateway) and two airports, ECER SEZ will serve good transportation link between Indochina, India and China. The development master plan will offer special incentives to attract investors. Include tax exemptions, import and export duties exemptions and 100 per cent investment tax allowance. Kuantan's main sightseeing attraction
232-524: A giant screen during the event. The tower opened as new iconic landmark for the new proclaimed city of Kuantan. It expected to revitalise the state tourism sector by attracting thousand of tourists to the city. Al-Sultan Abdullah was represented by his heir, the regent of Pahang Crown Prince Tengku Hassanal Ibrahim Alam Shah alongside of his other sons, Tengku Muhammad Iskandar Ri’ayatuddin Shah and Tengku Ahmad Ismail Mu’adzam Shah. Other honorable guests including
290-444: A large reclining Buddha in one of its caves, Charah Cave. The highest peak, Gunung Tapis, also can be accessed from here. Bukit Gambang Resort City (BGRC) is one of the largest water theme park resorts in Malaysia, spanning 547 acres and offering a 17.1-acre lake, and a 24,000 square feet wave pool. Bukit Gambang Safari Park, the biggest safari in east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Kuantan 188 , previously known as Teruntum Tower
348-651: A newly built main campus in Pekan. Secondary school ( high school ) education is provided by Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan (National Secondary School) (e.g., SMK Air Putih), Sekolah Menengah Jenis Kebangsaan (National-type School) Chinese primary schools and Religious schools (e.g., SMA Al-Ihsan). All follow the syllabus and curriculum provided and regulated by the Malaysian Ministry of Education (Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia). Alternatives to national education are provided by international schools which do not follow
406-509: A number of differences from the Standard Malay , particularly in phonology and vocabulary. Even though it shares many similarities with standard Malay, the dialect in its purest form remains unintelligible to standard Malay speakers. There are a number of sub-dialects of Pahang Malay identified by linguists, but the form spoken in the vicinity of Pahang's royal capital , Pekan , is considered as its 'standard sub-dialect'. The dialect
464-574: A river cruise from the small jetty. The Kuantan area also produces handicrafts and batik . Other tourist attractions include the State Mosque (Masjid Negeri) . Sungai Lembing is located about 26 km northwest of Kuantan. It used to contain the world's deepest underground tin mines. There is an interesting Tin Museum in the former mining town of Sungai Lembing . Just north of the Tin Museum
522-412: A stick which is dipped into peanut sauce and roti canai , a thick flatbread dipped in a dhal curry sauce. Typical ethnic Indian dishes include the naan and tandoori chicken . Medical needs are served by several hospitals and clinics. The main hospital is Tengku Ampuan Afzan Hospital , which is equipped with state-of-the-art equipment such as a CT scanner and MRI . In Indera Mahkota, there are
580-500: Is a "hanging bridge" ( jambatan bergantung ). Access is via a narrow, winding road at the base of the entrance to the Tin Museum. There is another hanging bridge on the outskirts of Sungai Lembing town (visible from the main road, on the right side). There is a Panorama Hill which provides an impressive pre-dawn view. On the Kuantan-Sungai Lembing road at the hamlet of Pancing, there is a limestone mountain which houses
638-852: Is a 3-story, 188-meter-tall tower in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. It is the Malaysia's second tallest tower after the Kuala Lumpur Tower and the second-tallest in East Coast Economic Region after the newly completed Grand Ion Majestic in Genting Highlands , which is Pahang 's tallest building. Its construction was started in August 2017 and completed on 3 September 2019. It features an observation deck at 92 meter high, restaurant at 98 meter high and an open sky-deck at 104 meter high. The tower offers 360-degree view of
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#1732771921562696-430: Is alternatively known as bahasa Melayu Pahang or dialek Pahang . The term Pahang itself originated from the name of the state which in turn derived from the name of Pahang River , where the early civilisation in the state could have developed from. There have been many theories on the origin of the name Pahang. Local lore states that it is derived from the corruption of the name Mahang tree ( Macaranga ). On
754-431: Is among the first feature recognised by Collins (1983, 1998) and Ajid Che Kob & Mohd Tarmizi (2009). Although this feature is shared among all sub-dialects of Pahang, there are still different vowel realisation patterns found among those variants. These varied patterns are demonstrated in the following tables. The Standard Malay alveolar trill /-r/ , at the end of words, is usually omitted in most Malay dialects. But
812-400: Is based on Department of Statistics Malaysia 2010 census. By 2019, its population had grown to 529,600. One of its major economic activities is tourism. Domestically, it is famous for the production of handicrafts, batik , keropok (dried fish crackers) and salted fish. Kuantan serves as the administrative and commercial capital of Pahang. Trade and commerce are important in the economy of
870-408: Is based on the prestige of Pekan and Kuantan as the main economic, cultural and administration centres of the state. Other scholars like Collins and Tarmizi Harsah provided an alternative method in this dialectal study, focusing on the geographic units of river basins and coastal strips, rather than on the existing political boundaries. This is based on the fact that the spread of these sub-dialects
928-493: Is based on the study of a variant spoken in Ulu Tembeling, also known locally as cakap ulu ('the upstream speech') or base lama ('the old language'). Although it retains part of the general characteristics of Pahang Malay, the dialect of Ulu Tembeling has the special feature of consonantal diphthongisation at the end of words, which is one of its kind among Malay dialects of the peninsula. Another unique feature of
986-477: Is being identified as a Special Economic Zone (SEZ). The launch of SEZ in 2009 by Prime Minister Najib Tun Razak is one of the first of its kind in Malaysia. The SEZ is located inside East Coast Economic Region (ECER) of Greater Kuantan which stretches from the district of Kertih , Terengganu to the district of Pekan , Pahang. It is now one of the largest SEZs in Asia, covering 390,000 hectares. ECER SEZ serves as
1044-500: Is considered common among many Malay dialects. The following table shows some monophthong realisation for diphthongs /-ai̯/ and /-au̯/ in Pahang Malay. The following are some differences in vocabulary between Pahang Malay and Standard Malay. Dry season The dry season is a yearly period of low rainfall, especially in the tropics . The weather in the tropics is dominated by the tropical rain belt , which moves from
1102-620: Is independent of the political divisions of current Malaysian states. On the other hand, both river basins and coastal strips are the features of topography that have greatly shaped the earliest patterns of migration and settlement in the Malay world of Southeast Asia. Based on this, Tarmizi Harsah identified three main variants of Pahang Malay, spoken along the lining of three main rivers of Pahang; Pahang River , Jelai River and Lipis River . He classified these variants further into two main sub-dialects, Hulu Pahang ('Upper Pahang') consisting of
1160-814: Is the Sungai Pandan Waterfall . Two others are the Sungai Berkelah Waterfall and the Jerangkang Waterfall . There are four parks in the city, the Gelora Park, Teruntum Mini Zoo, Gambang Safari Park and Agriculture Park at Indera Mahkota . A small park across the main road (and next to the river) in front of the Hospital is named the Esplanade Park or Downtown Kuantan. Here, it is possible to go on
1218-459: Is the beach at Teluk Cempedak or Palm Beach. There are scenic beaches popular among vacationers in the city's vicinity, such as Batu Hitam , Balok, Chenor, Pantai Sepat , Beserah, and Cherating . Near Cherating ( Club Med is located here) there are turtle sanctuaries. A few kilometres away from Cherating is Pulau Ular (Snake Island). There is a legend connected with this island. Kuantan is known to tourists for its waterfalls. The most well-known
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#17327719215621276-581: Is traditionally written in Jawi script , but its role as the main writing language has been replaced with Standard Malay written in Rumi . A local radio station, Pahang FM , broadcasts in this dialect. Pahang Malay is natively referred to as base Pahang ( /basɘ pahã(ŋ)/ ; Standard Malay: bahasa Pahang ; بهاس ڤهڠ ), or cakak Pahang ( /tʃakaʔ pahã(ŋ)/ ; Standard Malay: cakap Pahang ; چاكڤ ڤهڠ ). However, in academic writings, it
1334-690: The Kuantan Sanitary Board ( Malay : Lembaga Kesihatan Kuantan ) from 1913 until 1937, the Kuantan Town Board ( Malay : Lembaga Bandaran Kuantan ) from 1937 until 1953, the Kuantan Town Council ( Malay : Majlis Bandaran Kuantan ) from 1953 to 31 August 1979 and the Kuantan Municipal Council ( Malay : Majlis Perbandaran Kuantan ) from 1 September 1979 until 20 February 2021, is
1392-502: The South China Sea in northwest Borneo . Despite the existence these foreign and isolated Malay variants, Pahang Malay remains as the de facto official dialect of the state, predominantly spoken along the lining of its vast riverine systems. Due to high divergences of the dialects and sub-dialects of Pahang Malay, their classifications remain unclear so far. Among the earliest attempt to classify these dialects and sub-dialects
1450-796: The equator there are two wet and two dry seasons, as the rain belt passes over twice a year, once moving north and once moving south. Between the tropics and the equator, locations may experience a short wet or a long wet season; and a short dry or a long dry season. Local geography may substantially modify these climate patterns, however they can. During the dry season, humidity is very low, causing some watering holes and rivers to dry up. This lack of water (and lack of food supply) may force many grazing animals to migrate to more fertile spots. Examples of such animals are: zebras , elephants , giraffes , hippos , rhinos , antelopes and wildebeest , wild water buffaloes , African buffaloes , gaur , tapirs , emus , ostriches , rheas , and kangaroos . Because of
1508-613: The 1,000 acres (4.0 km) Indera Mahkota campus on year 2004. IIUM Kuantan focuses on medical related degree programmes offered through several faculties or Kulliyyahs such as: Kulliyyah of Medicine, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences (Radiography, Optometry, Dietetics, Audiology, Physiology and Biomedical Science), Kulliyyah of Nursing, and Kulliyyah of Science (Biotechnology, Computational and Theoritical Sciences (CTS), Applied Chemistry, Physics, Marine Science, Plant Science, and Applied Plant Science), Kulliyyah of Dentistry. The Jalan Hospital campus (JHC) campus houses
1566-547: The 15th century, Kuantan was ruled by the Malaccan Empire . Kuantan is said to have been founded in the 1850s. The name was notably mentioned in Munshi Abdullah 's travelogue Kisah Pelayaran ke Kelantan circa 1851/2: ...On Thursday night came a boat from Kuantan. Then they told the ship's crew there's a pirate ship at Tanjung Tujuh , forty of them and at Kapas Island , and as well at Redang Island ; it
1624-686: The Chief Minister of Pahang Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail, Senior Minister of Infrastructure Development Fadillah Yusof, then Minister of Communications and Multimedia Saifuddin Abdullah, Speaker of the Pahang State Legislative Assembly Ishak Muhamad, Pahang State Government Secretary Salehuddin Ishak, Mayor of Kuantan City Hamdan Hussin and other members of federal cabinet and Pahang State Government. During
1682-804: The International Islamic University Medical Center International Islamic University Malaysia . There are several private medical centres operate in city: KPJ Pahang Specialist Hospital, Kuantan Medical Center (KMC), Hospital Pakar PRK Muip, KCDC Hospital and Darul Makmur Medical Center. A Community Health Centre serves suburbs such as Beserah, while smaller clinics are in smaller suburbs such as Bandar Indera Mahkota . There are many institutes of higher learning in Kuantan. They are categorised as Institut Pengajian Tinggi Awam (IPTA); public university or Institut Pengajian Tinggi Swasta (IPTS); private university. Two of
1740-587: The Kuantan River and Kuantan City. The design of the tower was inspired by spear head which is one of element on the Pahang's Coat of Arms while the tower's porch inspired by Lumnitzera Tree. There are also some symbolic concept behind the tower's design: Kuantan 188 was official inaugurated on 21 February 2021 by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong Al-Sultan Abdullah (who also is the Sultan of Pahang) via video footage played on
1798-706: The Lipis and Jelai rivers variants, and Hilir Pahang ('Lower Pahang') consisting of the Pahang River variant. In general, like many other dialects of Malay language, the differences between Pahang Malay and the Standard Malay are recognized through changes in phonology at the end of the words. The unique identity of Pahang Malay can be traced in three features of phonology; vowels before consonant [± coronal], alveolar trill and diphthongs /-ai̯/ and /-au̯/ . The contrast between coronals and non-coronals
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1856-759: The Malaysian education curriculum. This includes the International School of Kuantan, grades K to 12. Kuantan is connected to Kuala Lumpur via the East Coast Expressway and Karak Expressway. Kuantan is now more accessible by road transportation than before, primarily because of the opening of East Coast Expressway. The East Coast Expressway, which begins in Gombak , Selangor and ends near Kuala Terengganu , also links Kuantan to other major towns in Pahang. Pahang Malay Nonetheless,
1914-472: The Pahang and Lipis rivers that utilise [ɐᵊ] , [ɔᵊ] and [ɛᵊ] . Common diphthongs found in Standard Malay, /-ai̯/ and /-au̯/ , do not exist in Pahang Malay, as both are monophthongised instead. This does not means that there are no diphthongs in the dialect at all. Pahang Malay acquired its diphthongs through the diphthongisation of monophthongs ; for example, the vowel sounds /-i/ and /-u/ are diphthongised into [-ij] and [-uw] . This phenomenon
1972-533: The coast of Kuantan on 10 December 1941. Kuantan was declared a full-fledged city by Sultan Abdullah of Pahang on 21 February 2021 and its town council officially renamed the Kuantan City Council (MBK). The Pahang state government shifted the administrative centre of Pahang from Kuala Lipis to Kuantan in 1955. The urban area of Kuantan city is located mostly in the mukims of Kuala Kuantan and Beserah. Kuantan City Council , formerly known as
2030-539: The coastline of Pahang. This complicated spatial layering of different Malay variants, often within a few kilometres' radius between hamlets of Pahang Malay speakers along the riverine systems and the Terengganu-speaking coastal fishermen villages, is influenced by the historical movement of Terengganu Malays to that area. For centuries, the coastal line stretching from Terengganu border to the Endau of Johor,
2088-430: The dialect is that it retains several phonological characteristics of Ancient Malay , for example, the use of vowel *i and *u, and the addition of glottal consonant at the last position in words ending with vowels. However, Tarmizi's theory went against the commonly accepted Malay settlement patterns which began at the river mouth and coastal areas before dispersing inland. Pahang Malay is almost exclusively spoken within
2146-568: The disease to spread more easily. New data shows that in the seasonal parts of the South American Amazon rainforest , foliage growth and coverage varies between the dry and wet seasons—with about 25% more leaves and faster growth in the dry season. Researchers believe that the Amazon itself has an effect in bringing the onset of the wet season: by growing more foliage, it evaporates more water. However, this growth appears only in
2204-533: The essential unity of Pahang and Terengganu Malay is demonstrated by the number of shared lexical, syntactic, and phonetics innovations. Both varieties, along with Kelantan Malay , have been classified under the subgroup of the East Coast dialect of the Malay Peninsula , due to their possible common origin. Pahang Malay is known for its sharp rise and fall of tone and quick flowing accent. It exhibits
2262-599: The establishment of the village is the cemetery that is situated near Taman Esplanade in front of the current Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan . Towards the late 19th century, arrival of Chinese miners and traders saw the establishment of a township in Kuantan and nearby tin mining areas such as Gambang and Sungai Lembing . Similar to what occurred in other states in Peninsular Malaysia , rubber plantations attracted Indian settlers as well. The sinking of HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse took place off
2320-473: The event, the honorable guests also witnessed a boat parade by the federal government, state government, local authorities and defense forces along the Kuantan River. Apart from Kuantan Tower 188 which is iconic in the middle of the city center, there are several tall buildings around Kuantan City. Kuantan is famous among locals and tourists for its fish crackers (called keropok in Malay) and salted fish, where
2378-528: The fish are marinated mainly with salt and left out to dry in the sun for days and sold at the market, Serambi Teruntum in Tanjung Lumpur. Fresh grilled fish or ikan bakar can be purchased at Tanjung Lumpur and Beserah area mostly located near fishermen's village. Many types of local food can be found at the city centre. Very popular and sold by street vendors (especially at the night markets) are varieties of satay which consists of grilled meat on
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2436-435: The kingdom of ' Pohuang ' (alternatively Panhuang ) between 449 and 457 CE. There are at least two theories on the origin of Pahang Malay. Asmah Omar identifies the settlements near the estuary of Pahang River and its adjacent areas, where the early civilisation of Pahang could have begun, as the place of origin of the dialect before it was diffused inland. This area includes Pekan , the historical capital of Pahang, which
2494-505: The lack of water in the plants, bushfires (wildfires) are common. Data shows that in Africa the start of the dry season coincides with a rise in the cases of measles —which researchers believe might be attributed to the higher concentration of people in the dry season, as agricultural operations are all but impossible without irrigation. During this time, some farmers move into cities, creating hubs of higher population density, and allowing
2552-523: The local authority of Kuantan. Part of the larger East Coast Economic Growth Region (ECER), Kuantan will see many new developments including: Kuantan features a tropical rainforest climate under the Köppen climate classification . Usually, the area experiences two seasons per year, i.e., the "Dry" and Hot season and the Rainy season. The "Dry" and Hot Season (a relative term as the city does not truly have
2610-496: The northern hemisphere, and the southern tropics have their dry season. Under the Köppen climate classification , for tropical climates , a dry season month is defined as a month when average precipitation is below 60 millimetres (2.4 in). The rain belt reaches roughly as far north as the Tropic of Cancer and as far south as the Tropic of Capricorn . Near these latitudes, there is one wet season and one dry season annually. At
2668-415: The northern to the southern tropics and back over the course of the year. The temperate counterpart to the tropical dry season is summer or winter . The tropical rain belt lies in the southern hemisphere roughly from November to March; during that time the northern tropics have a dry season with sparser precipitation , and days are typically sunny throughout. From May to September, the rain belt lies in
2726-567: The notable IIUM Breast Centre, a centre devoted to the research and diagnosis of breast cancer. Kolej Komuniti Kuantan was founded in 2001 and currently operating at a permanent campus in Bandar Indera Mahkota. The Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) was founded in 2002 and located in Gambang. UMP offers undergraduates and postgraduates education mainly in engineering and technical fields through its 7 faculties and centre. UMP has
2784-479: The omitted sound will always be replaced with certain phonetic forms, either through the elongation of consonant or de-articulation of schwa . Both forms exist in Pahang Malay and are described by linguists as 'very obvious'. Elongation of consonant can be seen in the use of [ɐː] , [ɔː] and [ɛː] in sub-dialect spoken along the Jelai River, while de-articulation of schwa is shown by sub-dialects spoken along
2842-482: The other hand, William Linehan relates the early foundation of the state to the settlers from the ancient Khmer civilisation, and claims it originates from the word saamnbahang ( Khmer : សំណប៉ាហាំង ) meaning ' tin ', abundantly found in the state. The earliest literary reference to the name 'Pahang' was from the chronicle of the Liu Song dynasty , Book of Song , which records two consecutive envoys received from
2900-452: The public institutes in Kuantan is Politeknik Sultan Ahmad Shah (POLISAS) & Politeknik METrO Kuantan (PMKu). POLISAS established in 1976 and PMKu established on 1 April 2011. The International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), which is a branch from the main campus in Gombak. There are two IIUM campuses in Kuantan. The Jalan Hospital campus (JHC) campus that opened on year 1997 and
2958-462: The road to Sungai Lembing and also a few areas along the Kuantan River. In 2006, Kuantan experienced significant air pollution that affected visibility because of the haze blowing in from Sumatra and the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia . Kuantan's population was approximately 427,515 in 2010 which was composed of 78.5% Malay , 17.9% Chinese, 3.3% Indian and 0.3% other races. The following
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#17327719215623016-472: The state of Pahang, though there are sizeable migrant communities of its native speakers in urban areas like Klang Valley , and other states of the peninsula. Nevertheless, within the state of Pahang, there are at least two other distinct Malay varieties traditionally spoken. Coastal Terengganu Malay , a relative variant with shared lexical, synctatic, and phonetics innovations, is spoken in narrow strip of sometimes discontiguous fishermen villages and towns along
3074-535: The subdialect of Pahang Malay spoken in the area is named after. This theory is consistent to the known details of Malay settlement patterns in Southeast Asia. Until the 19th century, the Malay population was riverine and maintaining inter-communal link by river and maritime routes. Another theory by Tarmizi Harsah, suggests that the dialect originated from Ulu Tembeling, in deep hinterland of Pahang. The theory
3132-457: The town. There are petrochemical industries, mostly in Gebeng, an industrial area about 25 km north of Kuantan. Among the major companies operating in Kuantan are BASF PETRONAS Chemicals, MTBE/Polypropylene (M) Sdn Bhd, BP Chemicals, MTBE, Flexsys, Bredero Shaw, Eastman Chemical , Kaneka, Polyplastics, Mieco, KNM, JiKang, W.R. Grace , Cryovac , Wasco Pipeline Coatings, AMC, etc. Kuantan
3190-443: Was by Asmah Omar who conducted her study based on the daerah (district). She enlisted eight sub-dialects of Pahang Malay, namely the dialects of Pekan , Benta , Raub , Ulu Tembeling, Rompin , Temerloh , Kuala Lipis and Bentong . She also named the sub-dialect spoken in the vicinity of Pekan, including the state capital, Kuantan , as the 'standard sub-dialect' and the major source for other sub-dialects spoken inland. Her view
3248-521: Was officially relocated to Kuantan on 27 August 1955 from Kuala Lipis , and was officiated by HRH Sultan Abu Bakar Ri'ayatuddin Al Muadzam Shah , the Sultan of Pahang. Kuantan in the first century was a part of Chih-Tu empire . In the 11th century, this piece of land was conquered by another small empire called Pheng-Kheng before being taken over by the Siamese during the 12th century. During
3306-401: Was spotted by two Kuantan boats and they set off... In its early days, it was known as Kampung Teruntum (lit. ' Lumnitzera Village'). The village was situated at the mouth of Teruntum River which is in front of the current hospital and it was established by Haji Senik and his followers in the 1850s. Early primary economic activities included fishing and small businesses. The main evidence of
3364-473: Was the heaven for temporary settlements of fishermen from Terengganu and Kelantan who came there during fishing season. Over the time, a well established communities began to develop in areas like Beserah , Kuala Pahang , and Kuala Rompin . Another dialect not related to Pahang Malay, is spoken in Tioman island of Pahang and Aur Islands of Johor , and most closely related only to Sarawak Malay , spoken across
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