Kyzyl ( / k ɪ ˈ z ɪ l / kiz- IL ) is the capital city of the republic of Tuva , Russia . Kyzyl's population is approximately 120,067 ( 2021 Census ) ;
72-536: The city was founded in 1914 as Belotsarsk . It was renamed Hem-Beldir from 1918 to 1926. When the city was the capital of Tannu Tuva , it was named Kyzyl Hoto . In September 2014, Kyzyl celebrated its 100th anniversary as a city. The city was founded in 1914 by Russian settlers immediately after the creation of the Uryankhay Krai (a protectorate of the Russian Empire), and called Belotsarsk. In
144-668: A Soviet-backed coup d'état in 1929. While Kuular was implementing his policies, the Soviet Union had laid foundations for a new leadership – staunchly loyal to Joseph Stalin – including the creation of the "Tuva Revolutionary Youth Union" where members received military training. Five young Tuvan graduates from the Communist University of the Toilers of the East were appointed "Extraordinary Commissioners" and overthrew
216-506: A former Lama monk with strong ties to the country's many lamas. Kuular sought to establish stronger ties with Mongolia and to make Buddhism the state religion while trying to limit Soviet influence and propaganda . The Soviet Union responded with alarm to Kuular's theocratic and nationalist leanings and policies, which were considered in opposition to the communist principles of state atheism and internationalism . Kuular's theocratic, nationalist and anti-Soviet policies led to
288-517: A high stele, surrounded by symbolic animals intertwined in a rush of ascent to the sky. The animal figures also represent the twelve creatures of the Buddhist horoscope. The complex occupies the coastal zone of the Yenisei , 45 km from Kyzyl. The installation was built as a model of the universe, where the roles of stars and planets are assigned to yurts of different sizes and purposes. Although
360-589: A new city in the village of Vilany. Technological engineer K.V. Goguntsov and topographer M. Ya. Kryuchkov arrived in February 1914. Kryuchkov drew a general plan of the city of Belotsarsk (fund 123, inventory 2, file 21), which can still be seen in the layout of central Kyzyl today. The city plan enumerated the land plots and named their owners. In May 1914, the head of the Russian population in Uryankhai approved
432-617: A nomadic tribe oppressed by both Mongols and Russians. Do you consider it necessary to allow the Mongols possession of the Uryankhay [Tuvan] region or to take it by force of arms or to organise an Uryankhay Soviet Republic on the Bashkir pattern ? Let me know. " The Reds had, by December 1920, taken the capital of Khem-Beldyr and had, by March 1921, taken all of Tuva. On 14 August 1921, the "Tannu Tuvan People's Republic" ("Tannu" refers to
504-483: A rapid decrease in average temperatures begins. At the end of October, before the snow cover is established, the average daily temperature drops below 0 °C, which makes it impossible to grow winter crops, and many fruits and berries. Snow cover is usually established in mid-November, followed by a sharp drop in temperatures to -20 °C and below. Since the center of the Asian maximum atmospheric pressure (Siberian anticyclone)
576-411: Is located above Tuva in the cold season, and Kyzyl is located at the bottom of a deep basin (compared to the mountains surrounding it) with a dense atmosphere, up to the level of planetary winds to heights of 2 to 2.5 km, in winter a powerful inversion is observed over the city. The temperature at an altitude of 2 km above the city can be 15 to 20 degrees higher than at the surface of the earth. Almost from
648-533: Is one of the highest in the Russian Federation, and is among the ten hottest cities, at 40.7 °C. Precipitation is more common in the summer. Dust storms are possible in May and July. In August, heavy rainfall and severe thunderstorms are not uncommon. In late September, the first frosts are observed, although the weather is still quite hot during the day. Trees lose their leaves in the beginning of October, and
720-689: Is served by the Kyzyl Airport . The airport provides regular flights to Moscow , Novosibirsk , Krasnoyarsk , Irkutsk , as well as to remote locales of Tuva. The airport is included in the list of reference airports in Russia. There is a project of the Tuvan Railway with a railway terminal in Kyzyl. The Kuragino–Kyzyl railway line is still being designed. The construction of the route started in 2011, but only 1 kilometre or 0.6 miles of track
792-459: Is the name of a monument indicating the supposed geographical centre of the Asian continent . It is located about 20 km (12 mi) south-west of Ürümqi , Xinjiang , People's Republic of China . The measurement on which it is based dates to 1992. It was based on calculating the geographical centre of 49 Asian countries , including island states such as Cyprus and Japan (and, reflecting
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#1732764897134864-683: The Russian SFSR , that a Soviet power would be established and would recognize the Tuvans and allow them to create their own national state. On 26 January 1920, Ivan Smirnov – Chairman of the Siberian Revolutionary Committee – sent an encrypted telegraph regarding Tuva to Moscow stating: " The Mongols have entered the province and ejected our [Russian] peasants from the villages. These peasants fought against Kolchak and were independent of him. The Soyoty [Tuvans] are
936-508: The Tannu-Ola mountains ) declared independence and the newly created Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party (TPRP) became the ruling party. The first chapter of the first constitution of the newborn country stated that " ...in international affairs, the state acts under the auspices of Soviet Russia. " In the beginning of February 1922, the first meeting of the TPRP took place and a government
1008-559: The Tuvan People's Revolutionary Army in the next two to three years and to further raise combat readiness. The Ministry of Military Affairs was created in late February 1940 and immediately started equipping the army with new weapons and equipment, as well as improving training of officers and army units. The Soviet Union assisted the Tuvans with significant assistance in materiel and technical development. The middle and high commands of
1080-428: The definition of the borders of Asia , mainly whether remote islands are included to define the extreme points of Asia, and on the method of calculating the final result. Also on the projection used (radial projection on the plane vs. projection on a geoid), there is no objectively correct way of finding "the centre of Asia". Thus, several places claim to host this hypothetical centre. The first official declaration of
1152-674: The geographical center of Asia . This claim is disputed. Nevertheless, locals constructed a monument labelled "Center of Asia" in Tuvan, Russian, and English. Tos-Bulak is an area of open fields and mineral springs which lies immediately south of Kyzyl. Kyzyl stands at the point where the Great Yenisey (Bii-Xem) meets the Little Yenisey (Kaa-Xem) river to form the Yenisey proper (Ulug-Xem). Most development takes place south of
1224-670: The intelligentsia and other political dissidents were purged, and Buddhist temples and monasteries were destroyed. As part of this process, the written language in Tuva was changed from the Mongolian script to the Latin-based alphabet in June 1930. Religious symbols, such as the Khorlo, were also removed from the flag and emblem. Evidence of the effect of these actions can be seen in
1296-429: The 1932 agreement and did not need the salt mountain, asking Tuva not to revise the agreement. Mongolia promised not to raise the issue again, but relations between it and Tuva became very strained. The Tuvan government made concessions to avoid conflict with its neighbor, and in 1940, the two governments signed a new agreement "On the border based on historical materials and documents". However, while Tuva sought to clarify
1368-788: The 9th Plenary Session. On 17 August, the 7th Extraordinary Session of the Little Khural created a "Declaration of the Accession of the Tuvan People's Republic to the Soviet Union". Finally, on 11 October 1944, at a meeting of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet , Khertek Anchimaa-Toka read out the declaration detailing the desire for Tuva to join the USSR, which was accepted. The decision went into effect on 1 November 1944, and
1440-638: The Central Committee of the TPRP in 1932 and would be the de facto leader of Tuva until his death in 1973. In July 1932, with mediation from the Soviet Union, Tuva signed an agreement and received a substantial territorial gain from Mongolia as a fixed border was created between the two countries. Mongolia was forced to sign under Soviet pressure and did not ratify the agreement in the Mongol Great Khural . The new territory notably included Dus-Dag [ ru ] mountain,
1512-703: The Centre of Asia was made in the 1890s by the British traveller, and calculated to be near the Manor house of Estate of Safyanov in Saldam (modern Tuva, Russia) at 52°29′00″N 96°05′09″E / 52.48333°N 96.08583°E / 52.48333; 96.08583 . There is a monument commemorating that fact in the estate garden. The Geographical Centre of the Asian Continent ( Chinese : 亚洲大陆地理中心 )
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#17327648971341584-680: The Commissioner for the Uryankhay Krai, V. Yu. Grigoriev, wrote a letter to the Head of the Russian population in the Uryankhay Krai, requesting that a museum be constructed in the city of Belotsarsk (fund 123, inventory 2, file 53, sheets 25–26). At the IV Uryankhay Regional Congress on March 11, 1918, a decree was issued to rename Belotsarsk to Uryankhaysk. However, this name did not stick, as many still called
1656-489: The Kyzyl Airport. The monument is a shepherd with a staff in traditional Tuvan clothing. After the sculpture took its place on the hill, the locals considered that the hero did not have enough liverstock, so "sheep" were placed nearby in the form of boulders painted white. The spring is located 2 kilometres or 1.2 miles from Kyzyl. The name is translated to English as "beavers". According to legend, people learned about
1728-503: The People's Republic of China's political perspective, counting Palestine and Sikkim as separate countries), placing the geographical centre of all these countries at 43°40′52″N 87°19′52″E / 43.68111°N 87.33111°E / 43.68111; 87.33111 . Before the completion of the monument, the site was marked by a wooden pole stating "Geographic Centre of Asia" (亚洲地理中心). A village that happened to be located at
1800-541: The Scythian mounds "Arzhaan" and "Arzhaan-2"; Tuvan ethnographic collections; Tuvan women's and men's silver jewelry; and cult collections of Shamanism , Buddhism and Orthodoxy . A salty spring in the Republic of Tuva. In the Tuvan dialect, the name of the reservoir means "salt lake". Dus-Khol is a natural monument and is under state protection. The water in this spring is said to possess healing properties. Throughout
1872-537: The Soviet Red Army with 700,000 livestock , of which almost 650,000 were donated. In addition, 50,000 war horses , 52,000 pairs of skis, 10,000 winter coats, 19,000 pairs of gloves, 16,000 boots and 67,000 tons of sheep wool as well as several hundreds tons of meats, grain, carts, sledges , horse tacks and other goods totaling 66,500,000 Rbls were sent. Up to 90% were donated. In March 1943, 10 Yakovlev Yak-7 fighters were built with funds raised by
1944-475: The Soyuztrans truck fleet consisted of 31 vehicles. In 1931, a telephone exchange for 30 subscribers was opened in the city of Kyzyl. Between 1930 and 1931 a sausage workshop, a pimokatny (a felt workshop), and tailoring workshop were built. In the early 1940s, a mill, a sawmill, a power station and a brick factory operated in Kyzyl, and sheepskin and fur production began. Kyzyl claims to be located exactly in
2016-734: The TPRP being the only party and the Tuvan section of the Communist International . In the summer of 1925, the Soviet Union initiated the “Agreement between the Russian SFSR and the Tannu Tuvan People’s Republic on the Establishment of Friendly Relationships”, which was signed by the two countries, strengthening their relations. The treaty stated that the Soviet government "[did] not consider Tannu-Tuva as its territory and [had] no views on it." In 1926,
2088-623: The Tuvan Army were trained in Soviet military academies, including the Frunze Military Academy and the General Staff Academy . As Germany and other Axis powers launched their invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, the 10th Great Khural of Tuva declared that " The Tuvan people, led by the entire revolutionary party and government, not sparing their lives, are ready by any means to participate in
2160-882: The Tuvan Autonomous Oblast became the Tuvan ASSR , still within the Russian SFSR, and remained so until 1992. The area that was the Tuvan People's Republic is now known as the Tuva Republic within the Russian Federation . a. Russian population declined due to the Red Army conscription during World War II . Geographical midpoint of Asia The location of the geographical centre of Asia ( Russian : Центр Азии ; Tuvan : Азияның Төвү ; Chinese : 亚洲地理中心 ) depends on
2232-759: The Tuvan People's Republic thus became the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast , a part of the Russian SFSR (the largest constituent republic of the Soviet Union). Salchak Toka's position changed from "General Secretary of the TPRP " to " First Secretary of the Oblast Committee of the CPSU of the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast " (changed to "Republican Committee" in 1961) and continued his rule of the region until his death in 1973. On 10 October 1961,
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2304-664: The Tuvan People's Republic. In March 1922, the Tuvan government, the Central Committee of the Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party (Central Committee of the TPRP), and the executive committee of the Russian Self-Governing Labor Colony (RSTK) were transferred to the restored Kyzyl. In the spring of 1922, the city of Kyzyl became the capital of the Tuvan People's Republic (TPR). In 1924, the Tuvan Central Cooperative (Tuvintsenkoop, TCC)
2376-589: The Tuvans and placed at the disposal of the Soviet Air Forces . Also during 1943, Tuva mustered 11 volunteer tankers and 208 volunteer cavalrymen. The tankers and 177 of the cavalrymen were assigned to the Red Army and served on the Eastern Front from early 1944, especially around Ukraine . Tuvan orientation towards Moscow intensified during the war. In September 1943, the written language
2448-430: The Tuvans for about ten years now and is also located in disputed territory, so the demand for the Tuvan government to return it is too harsh. " This more or less ended the controversial issue, but some minor disputes continued until the absorption of Tuva into the Soviet Union in 1944, at which point Mongolia ratified the original 1932 agreement (and even then, border protection such as alarmed fences had to be introduced in
2520-632: The Yenisey and Little Yenisey and follows the curve of the river, with the highest development centered just below the confluence of the Great Yenisey with the Little Yenisey. A monument was built in 1964 on the riverbank to mark this point. The climate of Kyzyl has a cool semi-arid variety ( Köppen climate classification BSk ), bordering on humid continental climate ( Köppen Dwb ), with average highs around 25 °C or 77 °F in
2592-533: The anti-tsarist movement, it was renamed to Hem-Beldir ( Tuv.: confluence of rivers ), and in 1926, to Kyzyl ( Tuv.: red ). Between 1921 and 1944, the city was the capital of Tuvan People's Republic . From 1944 to 1961, it was the capital of the RSFSR's Tuvan Autonomous Oblast . From 1961 to 1991, it was the capital of the Tuvan ASSR , and since 1991, the capital of the Republic of Tyva . Settlers began to lay
2664-599: The area in 1946). In the 1930s, the Empire of Japan undertook several aggressive actions against China . This included the invasion of Manchuria and the creation of the Manchukuo puppet state, and culminated in a full-scale war against China in 1937 . The Tuvan government undertook measures to strengthen their army, and the 11th Congress of the TPRP, held in November 1939, instructed the Central Committee to fully equip
2736-523: The benefits of life). Participants stay in a tent city constructed near the temple, and are able to listen to numerous performers from various diverse traditions. Traditionally, the Ustuu-Khuree festival takes place in July. The festival program traditionally includes competitions among throat singing performers and the consecration ceremony "Ovaa khoomei". It is held every two years. During the festival,
2808-462: The best traditional yurt, the best traditional costume, and the best equipment of a horse. In the late 1980s, Kyzyl was visited by Ralph Leighton , who had made it a quest to reach Tuva with his friend, the Nobel Prize -winning physicist Richard Feynman . Though Feynman died before they reached Tuva, the journey is chronicled in the book Tuva or Bust! The film Genghis Blues chronicles
2880-524: The border established in 1932, Mongolia sought to revise it completely; this led to irreconcilable positions and the ratification of the new agreement was stopped. Both parties turned to the Soviet Union for mediation, but with the outbreak of World War II , Soviet authorities insisted on ceasing any discussion regarding the border dispute, especially in regard to Mount Dus-Dag. In 1943, the Mongolian ambassador said " The Salt Mountain has been exploited by
2952-595: The center of the Uryankhay region, at the confluence of the two Yenisei, the Big and Small, on a large elevated plain, I have designed the administrative center of the region, the future city of Belottsarsk. This name was given in honor of the Sovereign Leader of the Russian people, known to the Uryankhs under the name "Tsagan-Khan", which means White Tsar ... In 1918, in connection with the communist revolution and
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3024-442: The city Belotsarsk. The Revolution of 1917 did not leave the city unscathed. During a major battle between the detachment of P.E. Schetinkin and A.D. Kravchenko (communist forces) and the Kolchak men (tsarist forces) under the command of the captain G.K. Bologov at the end of August 1919, the city was almost completely burned down. The 10th Congress of Representatives of the Russian Population of Tuva (16–20 September 1920) gathered in
3096-460: The city was in 136th place out of the 1117 cities in the Russian Federation. According to the 2021 census, out of 125,241 residents of the city, Tuvans made up 81.3% (88,270 people), Russians made up 16.4% (17,771 people), and others made up 2.3%. Manufacturing plants include brickyards , sawmills , furniture manufacturing, and food-processing plants. The federal highway M54 "Yenisei" connects Kyzyl with Abakan and Mongolia via Erzin. The city
3168-449: The decline in the numbers of lamas in the country: in 1929, there were 25 lamaseries and about 4,000 lamas and shamans; in 1931, there were just one lamasery, 15 lamas, and approximately 725 shamans. The attempts at eradicating nomadic husbandry were more difficult. A census in 1931 showed that 82.2% of Tuvans still engaged in nomadic cattle breeding. One of the five Extraordinary Commissioners, Salchak Toka , became General Secretary of
3240-535: The draft rules on the allotment of land plots and the organization of a committee for the improvement of the future city. The very first plots were allocated for houses of officials, administration, homes of honorary Uryankhs, a treasury, post and telegraph offices, and the state fire shed. The city was built by recruited workers from Krasnoyarsk, Minusinsk, Tomsk, and other cities of Siberia; Tuvan farm laborers; and Russian workers who fled from gold mines because of difficult working and living conditions. On 4 July 1915,
3312-444: The end of October to the beginning of March, there is windless, often clear weather, leading to strong smog gathering over the city and the basin. On some days, visibility can drop to 500-1000 meters due to the smog. Severe air pollution in winter is a substantial environmental concern. The government of the region is currently seeking to build gasification infrastructure to combat this. The record high of 40.7 °C or 105.3 °F
3384-414: The government adopted their first official flag and emblem , changed the name of its capital from "Khem-Beldyr" to " Kyzyl " (meaning "Red"), and the name of the country to simply "Tuvan People's Republic". It also signed a “Treaty of Friendship and Mutual Recognition” with the Mongolian People's Republic , another Soviet satellite state. Much of this work was done by Prime Minister Donduk Kuular ,
3456-447: The government in January 1929 during the 2nd Plenary Session of the Central Committee. Following the coup, Kuular was removed from power and executed, and about a third to half the members of the TPRP were also purged. Kuular's policies were reverted and the country's traditionally nomadic cattle-breeders were put in collectivization programs . Similarly to the Stalinist repressions in Mongolia , Buddhist lamas, aristocrats , members of
3528-405: The independence of both Mongolia and the Tuvan Uryankhay Republic . After a period of political uncertainty, the new republic became a protectorate of the Russian Empire in April 1914, known as Uryankhay Krai . After the fall of the Russian Empire in 1917 and the establishment of the Russian Republic , both it and Uryankhay Krai reaffirmed its status as a Russian protectorate. During
3600-401: The influence of the Siberian anticyclone, forming a powerful temperature inversion. Winter (November to March) is exceptionally harsh for the city's latitude (Kyzyl is located at the same latitude as London, Kursk and Orenburg), snow-free (10-20 cm), and windless. The average temperature in January is -28.7 °C (absolute minimum at -54 °C). The city is among the 10 coldest cities in Russia and
3672-420: The mineral resources of the republic and a permanent end to Mongolian-Chinese geopolitical intrigues in the region. This process culminated in the absorption of Tuva in 1944, under the rule of General Secretary Salchak Toka and his wife, Head of State Khertek Anchimaa-Toka . On 7 August 1944, the Central Committee of the TPRP decided to subsume Tuva into the Soviet Union. This was supported on 15 August by
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#17327648971343744-409: The number of participants reached more than 600 people, including 31 foreign citizens from different countries including the United States , People's Republic of China , Mongolia , Sweden , Germany , Japan , and Brazil . Naadym is a Tuvan national holiday of shepherds, held annually in mid-August. It necessarily includes the traditional wrestling khuresh , horse racing, archery, competitions for
3816-545: The only source of salt mining for Tuva. The border between Tuva and Mongolia remained controversial during the 1930s, with Mongolia referring to Qing dynasty documents to argue their ownership of the mountain. The debate continued to flare up in the following years, and Mongolian leadership demanded the return of the mountain "arbitrarily captured by Tuvans", criticizing the 1932 agreement as unjust due to Soviet pressure for Mongolia to sign. Soviet authorities reiterated their official position that Mongolia had no reason to revise
3888-404: The pilgrimage of a blind blues performer, Paul Pena , who learned Tuvan throat singing by listening to his shortwave radio, to compete in the Tuvan throat singing competition. Tannu Tuva The Tuvan People's Republic ( TPR ), known simply as Tannu Tuva , was a partially recognized socialist republic that existed between 1921 and 1944. The former country was located in
3960-450: The polity was absorbed into the Russian SFSR (the largest constituent republic of the Soviet Union) at the request of the Tuvan parliament, ending 23 years of independence. Since 1759, Tuva (then called Tannu Uriankhai ) had been part of Mongolia , which in turn was a part of the territory of the Manchu Qing dynasty . As the Qing dynasty fell in the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, revolutions in Mongolia were also occurring, leading to
4032-406: The same territory as the former Tuvan protectorate of Imperial Russia , known as Uriankhai Krai , northwest of Mongolia, and now corresponds to the Tuva Republic within the Russian Federation . The Soviet Union and Mongolia were the only countries to formally recognize it during its existence, in 1924 and 1926 respectively. After a period of increased Soviet influence, in October 1944,
4104-409: The site where the monument was to be built was relocated, and the new village is now known as the "Heart of Asia" (亚心). The site has a tower labelled "Centre of Asia" which represents 48 countries of Asia . The monument was completed in the late 1990s. Obelisk "Center of Asia" ( Russian : Центр Азии ; Tuvan : Азияның Төвү ) is the name of a monument indicating the supposed geographical centre of
4176-420: The spring from the beavers who went there to drink. There are more than 20 streams and springs, and the water is collected in small natural and handmade bowls or spreads. It is also said that, since each of the streams treats different diseases, tourists should try the water from all of them. This museum was founded in 1929 in Kyzyl. Unique collections presented in the museum include: Archaeological collections of
4248-493: The struggle of the Soviet Union against the fascist aggressor until their final victory over it. " It has sometimes been stated that Tuva declared war on Germany on 25 June 1941, but the sources are dubious. Nevertheless, Tuva helped the Soviet Union in substantial ways, transferring its entire gold reserve of ~20,000,000 Rbls to the Soviet Union, with additional extracted Tuvan gold worth around 10,000,000 Rbls annually. Between June 1941 and October 1944, Tuva supplied
4320-427: The subsequent Russian Civil War , both Russian Whites and Reds , Mongols , as well as Chinese soldiers seeking to retake Mongolia and Tuva , were engaged in combat in the region. In the 5th Congress of the Russian population in Uryankhay Krai in the summer of 1918, it was decided that the power would be transferred to the Uryankhay Regional Council of Workers, Peasants and Soldiers' Deputies , and with backing from
4392-407: The summer and −20 °C or −4 °F in the winter and only 218 millimetres or 8.58 inches of precipitation annually. Located far from any moderating bodies of water and at a relatively high latitude, temperatures can be extreme, though less so than in the Sakha Republic . Nevertheless, the temperature has never risen above freezing between 22 November and 19 February. On the 20th of February, 2021,
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#17327648971344464-410: The summer, tourists and locals visit the reservoir. The festival, which is a showcase of indigenous cultures, has been held in the Republic of Tuva since 1999. The festival arose in line with the idea of restoring a ruined Buddhist temple in Chadan. The central tenets of the festival are live music and following the universal spiritual postulates of living faith (kindness, tolerance, unpretentiousness to
4536-418: The temperature rose to above freezing for the first time in recorded history. Temperature swings can be rapid. The transitional seasons of spring and autumn are short. Only April and October average close to the annual mean of −1.2 °C (29.8 °F). Kyzyl's climate is dry and sharply continental. Kyzyl's low altitude contributes to its extreme cold. In winter, the air in the basin stagnates and cools under
4608-406: The temple in a circle and touching the corners. Classes on spiritual practices and languages are held inside. Admission is free. The wheel was officially opened in 2006. It is considered the largest prayer wheel in Russia. It came from an Indian monastery, where the monks worked on the wheel for several years. Millions of scrolls with mantras are stacked inside. It was installed in 1997 in front of
4680-418: The village of Turan, in the Uryankhai region. At this Congress, participants decided to restore the city and rename it as Kyzyl. On 13 August 1921, in the town of Sug-Bazhy (the village of Kochetovo), the Vsetuvinsky Constituent Khural of Representatives of all Khoshuns (khoshun was an administrative-territorial unit at that time) of Tuva gathered. This gathering proclaimed the creation of an independent state –
4752-452: The world. Spring is short. The daytime thaws that begin in March lead to a rapid decline of snow cover by the end of the month. However, even in April, the temperature can drop at night to -27.3 °C due to sudden arctic winds. In May, hot weather quickly sets in, with occasional prolonged droughts. Summer in Kyzyl begins in mid-May and ends in mid-September. In summer, the city is characterized by high daytime temperature. The maximum temperature
4824-421: The yurts are decorated as authentic as possible to the Uralic way of life, Aldyn-Bulak has all the amenities, including places for tourists to stay, a restaurant, a sauna, a parking lot. One of the most important Buddhist attractions of Kyzyl. Built in 1998, it consists of two floors: the first – as a residence, the second – for prayer. The corners of the building appear worn, due to the tradition of walking around
4896-405: Was again changed, this time from the Latin to the Cyrillic script , the standard alphabet in the Soviet Union. By 1941, the national symbols, such as the flag and emblem, had been changed to the same style as various Soviet regions. Tuvan underwent intense Russification of social and economic practices, and virtually all remaining opposition to Stalinist policy was eradicated. The Soviets desired
4968-447: Was built near Kyzyl. The obelisk, symbolizing the center of Asia, is located on the bank of the Yenisei River. Three versions have been built — in 1964, 1984 and 2014. The new obelisk was designed by the Buryat artist Dashi Namdakov . It is represented by an ensemble of three lions holding a globe topped with a spire. Externally, the monument is very similar to the previous obelisks. It depicts grandiose figures of eastern dragons and
5040-425: Was created, which began to work on 3 March the same year. The Soviet-Tuvan border was defined in January 1923 and Red Army divisions on Tuvan territory were withdrawn in accordance with an agreement from 1921. The first Great Khural (People's Congress) was held on 12 October 1923 and, in the second one, on 28 September 1924, a new constitution proclaimed that the country would develop along non-capitalist lines with
5112-428: Was formed, which played a significant role in the development of industrial production and domestic and foreign trade. In 1925, the Tuvan National Bank (Tuvinbank) was founded. In Kyzyl, enterprises for the processing of agricultural raw materials were organized, and in 1928, a shoemaker's workshop opened. In 1929, the Kyzyl printing house was opened, and the transport organization "Soyuztrans" was created. Two years later,
5184-484: Was recorded on 15 July 2004. The record low of −54.0 °C or −65.2 °F was recorded on 4 February 1945. Kyzyl is the capital of the republic of Tuva. Within the framework of administrative divisions , it is incorporated as a city under republic jurisdiction (urban okrug, an administrative unit with a status equal to that of the districts ), as Kyzyl Urban Okrug . According to the 2020 All-Russian Population Census, as of October 1, 2021, in terms of population,
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