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86-781: Howard Smith Wharves is a heritage-listed wharf on the Brisbane River beneath Bowen Terrace in Brisbane City and Fortitude Valley , Queensland , Australia. It was built from 1939 to 1942, and was known as Brisbane Central Wharves. The 3.5-hectare (8.6-acre) site is one of the most culturally and historically significant riverfront locations in Brisbane. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 4 February 1997. In 2009, Brisbane City Council proposed an extensive commercial development of

172-749: A bitumen plant, a lubricants and grease manufacturing facility, several warehouses and a fuel storage unit. There are no schools in Pinkenba. The nearest government primary school is Hamilton State School in Hamilton to the south-west. The nearest government secondary school is Aviation State High School in Hendra to the west. Pinkenba Post Office is at 46-48 McBride Road ( 27°25′19″S 153°07′08″E  /  27.4219°S 153.1188°E  / -27.4219; 153.1188  ( Pinkenba Post Office ) ). Luggage Point Wastewater Treatment Plant

258-482: A disused wharf upstream owned by the Brisbane City Council. The construction of the wharves was undertaken using day labour, and was staged over several years so that port activity could continue. The first of the new structures erected was a two-storeyed reinforced concrete building completed by 1936 as offices for Howard Smith Co. Ltd. It was located on the waterfront, and commanded excellent views of

344-584: A flood hazard. A$ 8.5 million project to restore the boardwalks was completed by February 2013, when new plans were announced. The Howard Smith Wharves site is located on the northern bank of the Brisbane River at Petrie Bight, between the Town and Shafston Reaches. The boundary of the site is formed by cliffs along the northern, eastern and southeastern perimeter, which in turn are bounded by Bowen Terrace and Moray Street, with Wilson's Outlook overlooking

430-562: A spur line was built from Pinkenba to the wharf, to facilitate the movement of goods. In 1909, a separate railway wharf was constructed. Pinkenba Wharf was the point of embarkation for many World War I soldiers. The Pinkenba & District War Memorial commemorates those from the district who served and died in the war. The memorial was unveiled on 16 August 1919 by the Queensland Governor , Sir Hamilton Goold-Adams . Pinkenba Presbyterian Church opened in 1915. In 1969, it

516-531: A string of wharves from the custom's house to Boundary Street. Private companies constructed wharves further downstream at New Farm , Teneriffe and Newstead from the early 1900s. In the 1920s-30s, the government built railway wharves at Pinkenba , branch rail lines to Teneriffe and Hamilton, and the state cold stores and reinforced concrete wharves at Hamilton. After the Story Bridge was opened in 1940, most large overseas and interstate vessels did not use

602-497: A uniform width of 800 feet (240 m), deepening the draught to about 26 feet (7.9 m), and improving the river approaches. This necessitated demolishing the existing wharves and sheds at the Brisbane Central Wharves, excavating the cliff below Bowen Terrace, and widening the river at this point by up to 70 feet (21 m). The path of the river was cut back and made smoother. Three chords were planned around

688-471: Is a sewage treatment plant ( 27°22′47″S 153°09′02″E  /  27.3797°S 153.1505°E  / -27.3797; 153.1505  ( Luggae Point sewage treatment plant ) ). Bulwer Island Power Station generates electricity from gas ( 27°24′17″S 153°08′06″E  /  27.4048°S 153.1349°E  / -27.4048; 153.1349  ( Bulwer Island power station ) ). Numerous development projects have been proposed for

774-516: Is a town and eastern coastal suburb within the City of Brisbane , Queensland , Australia. In the 2021 census , Pinkenba had a population of 350 people. Pinkenba is a long narrow strip of land on the northern side of the Brisbane River , facing Moreton Bay , 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the Brisbane central business district . The area is spatially isolated from other residential suburbs and

860-477: Is bounded by the Brisbane Airport to west, Moreton Bay to the north, and the Brisbane River to the east. The neighbourhood of Myrtletown is at the northern end of the suburb of Pinkenba ( 27°23′31″S 153°08′01″E  /  27.3919°S 153.1336°E  / -27.3919; 153.1336  ( Myrtletown (neighbourhood) ) ). The neighbourhood of Bulwer Island is in the centre of

946-415: Is evident. The first floor has a large office area opening onto the verandah overlooking the river to the south, with a central corridor accessing a lunch room, kitchen and lavatories on the northern side at the rear. The building has timber panelled internal doors with fanlights, and decorative ceiling cornices to the first floor. A concrete edged, curved garden bed with a small cannon positioned centrally

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1032-495: Is important because of its aesthetic significance. Wharf A wharf commonly comprises a fixed platform, often on pilings . Commercial ports may have warehouses that serve as interim storage: where it is sufficient a single wharf with a single berth constructed along the land adjacent to the water is normally used; where there is a need for more capacity multiple wharves, or perhaps a single large wharf with multiple berths, will instead be constructed, sometimes projecting over

1118-446: Is located against the southern wall of the building, and decorative timber gates enclose the passageway between the office building and No. 2 shed to the east. A timber wharf extends from the southern elevation of the office building, and extends along the southern frontage of No. 2 shed with timber post and rail balustrade chain balustrade. This wharf has non-slip compressed sheeting fixed to the upper decking in traffic areas. A section of

1204-533: Is no longer extant; its land is now part of the Brisbane Airport, just south of Qantas Hangar 3's carpark. Qantas selected Pinkenba for its flying boat base in the 1930s. Until World War II , the other flying boat base, at Hamilton Reach , was too congested, but the Qantas base eventually moved upstream, providing better access for passengers. During the war, a Royal Australian Navy Defence Station

1290-552: Is objecting to the proposed development of the site, and the Howard Smith Wharves Appeal Committee was formed to fight the development plans in court. In September 2009, 31 New Farm residents, including Councillor David Hinchliffe, launched legal action in the Planning and Environment Court, challenging the scale of the planned development. This action forced the council to back down and amend

1376-495: The 2016 census , Pinkenba had a population of 368 people. In the 2021 census , Pinkenba had a population of 350 people. Pinkenba has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: Pinkenba is the site of BP 's Bulwer Island Refinery (an import terminal since 2015), and Shell 's Pinkenba Terminal. In 2011, Shell's operations at Bulwer Island were expanded, with the opening of a new bitumen and marine fuel import facility. Shell facilities include its Queensland state office,

1462-522: The Customs House and the Story Bridge) was part of the gradual move downstream of port facilities at Brisbane, in a process which began in the 1840s. Following the opening of Moreton Bay to free settlement in 1842, commercial wharf facilities were erected at South Brisbane , which offered more direct access for Darling Downs and Ipswich commodities than the north bank of the river where

1548-597: The staith spelling as a distinction from simple wharves: for example, Dunston Staiths in Gateshead and Brancaster Staithe in Norfolk . However, the term staith may also be used to refer only to loading chutes or ramps used for bulk commodities like coal in loading ships and barges. Quay , on the other hand, has its origin in the Proto-Celtic language . Before it changed to its current form under influence of

1634-561: The "pipe" shelters are significant for their rarity value, being unlike any other known surviving air-raid shelters in Brisbane. The location of these shelters adjacent to the Howard Smith Wharves and Story Bridge illustrates the strategic importance of the wharves and bridge in 1941–42, and survive as an evocative illustration of how closely the war impacted upon Brisbane workers. The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage. As

1720-417: The 186-mile (299 km) pipeline to Brisbane was not completed until the following year. Bulwer Island Oil Refinery commenced with a major land reclamation project on Bulwer Island in the Brisbane River , which was then a tidal mangrove swamp . Over 2,000,000 cubic metres (71,000,000 cu ft) of material was dredged from the bed of Brisbane River to connect the island with the northern bank of

1806-471: The 1920s, and in the 1930s, were resumed by the Queensland government and rebuilt as the Brisbane Central Wharves. The resumption and rebuilding of the Brisbane Central Wharves was an adjunct to the construction of the Story Bridge between Kangaroo Point and Fortitude Valley . As part of the bridge project the state government had resolved to improve the Brisbane River at Petrie Bight, by widening it to

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1892-482: The 1974 floods. In early 2000, one of the heritage wharf buildings was demolished after partially collapsing into the Brisbane River. Most of the wharves which were built in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the central city have been demolished in the riverside re-developments of the last 20 years. The former Howard Smith Wharves remain one of the few surviving, and the most intact, with office, sheds and wharfage. On 18 August 2009, Brisbane City Council received

1978-583: The Australian coastal shipping company Howard Smith Co. Ltd from the mid-1930s until the early 1960s, and are more usually referred to as the Howard Smith Wharves. The site had an even earlier connection with Howard Smith, as the Brisbane Central Wharves replaced smaller wharves constructed in the early years of the 20th century by Brisbane Wharves Ltd, for lease by William Howard Smith & Sons Ltd [later Howard Smith Co. Ltd]. The construction of wharves beyond Circular Quay (the stretch of riverbank between

2064-414: The Australian coastal shipping trade. Initially the firm traded between Melbourne and England, but in 1860, entered the inter-colonial trade, and from 1864, concentrated solely on this. Howard Smith was trading in central Queensland by the early 1870s, and in the 1880s, extended its operations to northern Queensland. In the 1890s, the firm entered into a strong rivalry with other coastal shipping companies for

2150-593: The British Secretary of State for the Colonies , separated Queensland from New South Wales in 1859. As the name suggests, it was originally an island in the Brisbane River which became permanently attached to the mainland through a land reclamation project in the 1960s. Boggy Creek State School opened on 22 February 1875. It was renamed Myrtle State School in 1888. In 1900, it was renamed Pinkenba State School. With student numbers falling to 6 students,

2236-638: The Cluya Road area ( 27°24′51″S 153°07′31″E  /  27.4142°S 153.1254°E  / -27.4142; 153.1254  ( The Port Brisbane Estate ) ). In 1902, a Baptist church opened in Pinkenba. Prior to the opening of the church, the Baptist congregation met in Harris's Hall. A stump-capping ceremony for the new church was held on Monday 11 November 1901. The church officially opened on New Year's Day, 1 January 1902. In 1902,

2322-736: The Commercial Wharf on the Town Reach from the Brisbane Municipal Council. Howard Smith was one of several important shipping companies which traded on the Australian coast from the mid-19th century, and was one of the earliest. The business was established in Melbourne in 1854 by Captain William Howard Smith, and in the second half of the 19th century developed as one of the dominant companies in

2408-688: The Queensland Government to provide relief work during the depression era. Initially known as the Brisbane Central Wharves, the project was undertaken in conjunction with the construction of the Story Bridge , one of the Forgan-Smith government's principal employment-generating projects. Like other such schemes, the Brisbane Central Wharves not only provided employment, but established important infrastructure for Queensland's future development. Brisbane Central Wharves were leased by

2494-755: The Republic of Ireland, and may also refer to neighbourhoods and roadways running along the wayside (for example, Queen's Quay in Toronto and Belfast ). The term wharf is more common in the United States. In some contexts wharf and quay may be used to mean pier , berth , or jetty . In old ports such as London (which once had around 1700 wharves ) many old wharves have been converted to residential or office use. Certain early railways in England referred to goods loading points as "wharves". The term

2580-427: The Town and Shafton Reaches of the Brisbane River. Three berths with five new storage sheds were planned. Each of the gabled sheds was constructed primarily of hardwood timber, and sheeted and roofed with timber boards and corrugated iron. Sliding doors within these sheds opened towards the river for the handling of cargo. Sheds nos.1-3 were located at the upper berth under the Story Bridge, the middle berth accommodated

2666-543: The Water Police, near the western entrance to the site; the No.2 shed located between the Water Police offices and the northern pylons of the Story Bridge; the No.3 shed located to the east of the bridge pylons; the No.4 shed located to the southeast; and the No.5 shed which is at the end of the group towards the southeast. There are a number of other smaller structures, which include four former air-raid shelters located along

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2752-413: The addition of a new 10-metre (33 ft) boardwalk and possible CityCat terminal. The revised plan was available for comment as part of the public notification stage of the development application process. Only 10% of the parkland is to be used for retail development. After the 2010–11 Queensland floods , which inundated the site, the Queensland Government rejected the plans on the basis that they were

2838-440: The area sprayed with insecticide in advance of her visit (which are no longer extant). The memorial was designed sculptor Rod Shaw of Narrabeen , Sydney . The bas relief monement reflects the cooperation between the United States and Australia in the search for oil though the imagery of oil workers handling a drill bit with flags of the two countries in the background. Although significant oil deposits had been found at Moonie,

2924-541: The area, including residential developments and an immigration detention centre . Pinkenba has a historical trail, which was designed on behalf of the Pinkenba Community Association and the Port of Brisbane with help from Brisbane City Council Neighbourhood planning team. More work has still to be done over the next ten years, involving the beautification of Pinkenba, with the first part being

3010-504: The base of the cliffs, numerous concrete slabs, and a former air-raid shelter and lavatory block adjacent to the western entrance to the site. Water Police Offices and Wharves The Water Police office building is a two-storeyed reinforced concrete structure with a hipped tiled roof and deep eaves . The building faces the Brisbane River to the south, with a rear street entrance from the north. The building has large sash windows with expressed sills and window surrounds, and long tiled sunhoods to

3096-483: The bend in the river, each providing a berth of about 500 feet (150 m). The total work, described in the 1935 Annual Report of the Bureau of Industry (the government body in charge of the project), was estimated to cost in excess of £ 400,000. Work on the scheme commenced in 1934 and continued into the early 1940s. In January 1935, the existing wharf facilities occupied by Howard Smith Co. Ltd were resumed, along with

3182-471: The bulk of shipping facilities were located upstream from Hamilton. The Howard Smith Wharves are also important in demonstrating the range of employment-generating and infrastructure-building projects undertaken by the Forgan-Smith government during the 1930s Depression. The Second World War air-raid shelters on the site are important as the most intact group of shelters surviving in Brisbane. The "pillbox" shelters survive as excellent examples of their type, and

3268-437: The decision notice and approval package for the development application for Howard Smith Wharves. It was proposed to develop the site as three precincts: The plan also proposed to retain 80 percent of the site as open public space. There was significant opposition to the initial development proposal, with parties concerned about the architectural, historical and ecological legacy of the development. The Brisbane Cliffs Coalition

3354-483: The discovery of commercial quantities of oil in Australia at Moonie . The location was chosen because it was close to the site of the oil refinery which was to be built to process the oil. However, at the time of the queen's visit, The Canberra Times described the site as "desolate" and "a smelly, muddy, mosquito-infested swamp", but the site was planted with 12-foot (3.7 m) high palm trees and flower beds and

3440-443: The eastern end of the first floor. Evidence of early door openings which have been enclosed to house sash windows are visible. Internally, the ground floor has a central entrance from the north with offices either side, and a large office area on the south overlooking the river. A concrete stair with metal balustrade and timber handrail is located in the southwest corner, and the building's reinforced concrete post and beam construction

3526-425: The ends of some of the sheds, and openings facing the river which originally provided access from the wharves. Remains of timber piles from the earlier wharves are evident in front of No.3 and No.4 sheds. Internally, most of the sheds have timber floors, with No.5 having a concrete floor. Approximately half of the No.4 shed is built over the river. A concrete roadway runs behind the sheds, with concrete ramps accessing

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3612-423: The ends of the sheds. Former Air-Raid Shelters A series of former air-raid shelters are located along the base of the cliffs, with one located near the western entrance to the site. Two sets of shelters are constructed of large concrete pipes with entrances at either end. One shelter, approximately opposite the junction between No. 3 and No. 4 sheds, is four bays in length. The other shelter, approximately opposite

3698-498: The establishment of a town where workers could live close to their work. On 15 October 1892, there was an auction of 40 allotments of land in the new town of Pinkenba. That land was bounded by the present-day streets of McBride Road to the west, Serpentine Road to the north, and Eagle Farm Road to the south-east ( 27°25′19″S 153°07′11″E  /  27.4219°S 153.1197°E  / -27.4219; 153.1197  ( Town of Pinkenba estate ) ). A postal receiving office

3784-406: The following criteria. The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history. The Howard Smith Wharves, constructed in the 1930s, are important in illustrating the evolution and development of Queensland history, providing rare surviving evidence of the port of Brisbane in the central city. Brisbane was and remains Queensland's premier port, and until the 1940s,

3870-496: The government wharf [Queen's Wharf] was located. By 1850, there were 5 commercial wharves on the south side of the Brisbane River . However, following the declaration of Brisbane as a port of entry in 1846, a customs house was built in Queen Street near the Town Reach of the Brisbane River, on the north side of the river at Petrie Bight . From this time, the Town Reach rivalled South Brisbane in terms of shipping activity. In

3956-502: The ground floor windows along the east, north and west elevations. The southern elevation has a cantilevered verandah to the first floor, with tiled awning , timber posts, batten balustrade and handrail , and corner lamps supported by curved metal brackets . French doors with fanlights open from the ground floor to the south, and onto the verandah from the first floor. The northern entrance has paired timber framed glass doors with wide sidelights , and louvred lavatory windows are located at

4042-652: The height restrictions of the Gateway Bridge , and length restriction of 270 metres (890 ft) that far upstream, larger cruise liners must dock further down the river at the more industrial multi-user terminal at the Port of Brisbane . In late 2020, the new Brisbane International Cruise Terminal was scheduled to open on the northern bank of the Brisbane River at Myrtletown, opposite the port ( 27°22′52″S 153°09′15″E  /  27.3811°S 153.1542°E  / -27.3811; 153.1542  ( Brisbane International Cruise Terminal ) ), but its opening

4128-402: The junction between No. 4 and No. 5 sheds, is two bays in length. The other shelters, rectangular concrete structures, have been converted for use as storage facilities and have had window openings introduced. Two are located in a fenced enclosure opposite No. 4 shed, and the other is near the western entrance to the site. Cliffs and surrounds The cliffs extend from near the western entrance to

4214-420: The large no.4 shed [double-gabled, twice as wide as the others, and much longer], and no.5 shed was located at the lower berth downstream. No.5 shed was the first to be erected and a temporary wharf constructed. The middle berth with no.4 shed was almost completed by 1937, then work commenced on the upper berth, which was to contain sheds 1–3. This was completed in 1939. For the wharves, a reinforced concrete base

4300-429: The last surviving wharfage in the central city the Howard Smith Wharves provide rare evidence of the pre-1940 port of Brisbane. The site is important also in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a 1930s port facility containing office building, sheds, roadway and wharfage. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places. As Howard Smith Wharves it

4386-420: The late 1840s, 1850s and 1860s, a number of shipping companies and private investors constructed wharves and warehouses between Petrie Bight and Alice Street , near the botanic gardens. To encourage private business activity, the colonial government and Brisbane Municipal Council also built wharves along Petrie Bight in the 1870s and leased them to shipping companies. By 1900, the Brisbane Municipal Council owned

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4472-432: The local park and historical path and local pub. The suburb is accessed by road via Kingsford Smith Drive , which passes an industrial area before reaching the suburb. A railway branch line to Pinkenba was constructed to encourage port development downstream away from the Brisbane central business district. The now-abandoned Pinkenba railway station opened in 1882 as the terminus of the line, and closed in 1993. On

4558-607: The lucrative intra- and inter-colonial passenger trade. In the late 1890s, Howard Smith moved downstream from the Commercial Wharves to the Brisbane City Council 's Boundary Street Wharf at Petrie Bight, and in the early years of the 20th century, leased adjacent new wharves constructed by Brisbane Wharves Limited at the base of the New Farm cliffs. These wharves were extended c.  1912 and in

4644-787: The modern French quai , its Middle English spelling was key , keye or caye . This in turn also came from the Old Norman cai ( Old French / French chai "wine cellar"), meaning originally "earth bank near a river", then "bank built at a port to allow ship docking". The French term quai comes, through Picard or Norman-French, from Gaulish caio , ultimately tracing back to the Proto-Celtic *kagio- "to encompass, enclose". Modern cognates include Welsh cae "fence, hedge" and Cornish ke "hedge", Pinkenba, Queensland Download coordinates as: Pinkenba ( / ˌ p ɪ ŋ k ə n ˈ b ɑː / PING -kən- BAH )

4730-409: The mouth of the Brisbane River. The Water Police then occupied part of the site [the office building and several sheds], and Queensland Works Department has used the site for storage for many years. Vehicles impounded by the police were stored here as well. Since the early 1960s, the site has remained vacant. A large part of the timber decking from both the upper and middle berths was washed away during

4816-508: The national average of 69.8%; the next most common countries of birth were New Zealand 7%, Iran 6.8%, England 2.5%, Italy 1.4%, France 0.8%. 77.3% of people spoke only English at home; the next most popular languages were 2% Italian, 1.7% Cantonese, 1.1% Tagalog, 0.9% Afrikaans, 0.9% Serbo-Croatian/Yugoslavian. The most common religious affiliation was "No Religion" 22.8%; the next most common responses were Catholic 19.9%, Anglican 16.5%, Presbyterian and Reformed 5.4% and Uniting Church 4.3%. In

4902-793: The northeast and east of England the term staith or staithe (from the Norse for landing stage) is also used. The two terms have historically had a geographical distinction: those to the north in the Kingdom of Northumbria used the Old English spelling staith , southern sites of the Danelaw took the Danish spelling staithe . Both originally referred to jetties or wharves. In time, the northern coalfields of Northumbria developed coal staiths specifically for loading coal onto ships and these would adopt

4988-537: The now disused Meeandah railway station on the Pinkenba railway line , which in turn was named after a corruption of the Greek word meander , and referred to Serpentine Creek which flowed through the area, but has subsequently been converted into a drain due to the development of Brisbane Airport . The name is often thought to be an Aboriginal word. Bulwer Island was named after Lord Edward Bulwer-Lytton who, as

5074-426: The plans for the site. In June 2009 the Brisbane City Council has amended its redevelopment plans for Howard Smith Wharves in response to the community comments received during the consultation phase. The community was concerned about a loss of views, and the footprint of the building development area. As a result, Council has made changes to the development plans that include alteration in buildings shapes and size and

5160-469: The river and to create a 90-hectare (220-acre) site ( 27°24′08″S 153°08′30″E  /  27.4021°S 153.1416°E  / -27.4021; 153.1416  ( Bulwer Island oil refinery ) ) raised to 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) above the high tide level. During its operation, it was the largest oil refinery in Queensland. It was decommissioned in 2015 and now operates as an import terminal. In 1975, Myrtletown (then an independent suburb)

5246-537: The school was mothballed on 31 December 2008 and closed on 31 December 2010. It was located at 248 Eagle Farm Road, on the corner of Serpentine Road ( 27°25′13″S 153°07′18″E  /  27.4202°S 153.1218°E  / -27.4202; 153.1218  ( Pinkenba State School (former) ) ). The school's website was archived. In 1892, the opening of the Queensland Meat Export and Agency Company's meatworks in Pinkenba necessitated

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5332-545: The sheds, which necessitated the cutting back of the New Farm cliffs, was completed by 1938. As work continued on the lower berth into 1940, the Second World War intervened. By 1942 the men working on the Petrie Bight works were transferred to other projects more directly connected with the war effort, and work on the wharves was closed down. The third berth appears never to have been completed. A 1945 plan of

5418-452: The site from the southeast. The site is entered from the west off Boundary Street, and passes under the northern section of the Story Bridge ( Story Bridge ), with the northern pylons of the bridge located within the Howard Smith Wharves site. The site contains a series of buildings with surviving sections of wharfage located along the riverfront. These buildings include a two storeyed reinforced concrete office building, currently occupied by

5504-402: The site shows the upper and middle berths complete but the lower berth still without any timber decking for wharfage. In 1941-42, the Brisbane City Council constructed five air-raid shelters near the Howard Smith Wharves below the cliff face, for the Bureau of Industry. The threat of invasion by Japan appeared very real at the time, there was a substantial workforce employed at the wharves, and

5590-439: The site that included hotel, sport and entertainment facilities in new or refurbished old buildings. This plan was rejected by the local community which resulted in a revised plan incorporating greater public space and less commercial development. The revised plan was then rejected by the Queensland Government over concerns with flooding. In 2013, Brisbane City Council again requested proposals from interested parties to redevelop

5676-443: The site to the southeastern boundary adjoining the Brisbane River. The cliff faces consist of overgrown sections in contrast to areas of exposed rock, and act as the support for the northern end of the Story Bridge. A large area of the site at the southeastern end is used to store stone blocks. This area also has two concrete slabs. Howard Smith Wharves was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 4 February 1997 having satisfied

5762-539: The site was located adjacent to the Story Bridge, a prime target in wartime. Three of the shelters were the usual "pillbox" style built by the City Council at many places in the inner city and in the suburbs. This was a standard type, rectangular in plan and constructed of concrete. However, the other two shelters at the Howard Smith Wharves were constructed of large stormwater pipes with multiple entrances. The Brisbane City Council used concrete stormwater pipes to cover

5848-488: The site. In 2014, a preferred candidate was named, and in 2015, a development application for the design was approved. This new redeveloped site was opened in late 2018. A new ferry terminal on the RiverCity Ferries network opened at the site in 2020. It is served by CityHopper ferry services and Cross River ferry services to Holman Street . The Howard Smith Wharves were constructed over 3 years from 1939 by

5934-512: The slit trenches in the Botanic Gardens and Victoria Park, but no other air raid shelters of the "pipe" type have been identified in Brisbane. It is not known why the two different types of shelters were constructed at the Howard Smith Wharves. Howard Smith signed a 21-year lease over the Brisbane Central Wharves site in 1936. After this lease expired the company made the inevitable move in the early 1960s to better facilities downstream at

6020-417: The suburb ( 27°24′35″S 153°08′11″E  /  27.4097°S 153.1363°E  / -27.4097; 153.1363  ( Bulwer Island (neighbourhood) ) ). The former suburb of Meeandah , now a neighbourhood, is located ( 27°25′47″S 153°06′25″E  /  27.4297°S 153.1069°E  / -27.4297; 153.1069  ( Meeandah (neighbourhood) ) ) at the southern end of

6106-472: The suburb of Port of Brisbane (which is on the southern bank of the river). In the 2011 census , Pinkenba recorded a population of 350 people; 42.9% female and 57.1% male. The median age of the Pinkenba population was 42 years, 5 years above the Australian median. Children aged under 15 years made up 15.4% of the population and people aged 65 years and over made up 12.8% of the population. 62.5% of people living in Pinkenba were born in Australia, compared to

6192-637: The suburb of Pinkenba. Pinkenba has the following headlands: The land use is mostly industrial except for a small residential area at the town centre. Pinkenba is situated in the Yugarabul traditional Aboriginal country. The Turrbal people are custodians within the Yugurabul traditional country. The name Pinkenba comes from the Turrbal word binkinba , which means "place of land tortoise". The former suburb of Meeandah took its name from

6278-517: The water. A pier, raised over the water rather than within it, is commonly used for cases where the weight or volume of cargos will be low. Smaller and more modern wharves are sometimes built on flotation devices ( pontoons ) to keep them at the same level as the ship, even during changing tides. In everyday parlance the term quay (pronounced 'key') is common in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and many other Commonwealth countries, and

6364-468: The wharf in front of the office building is recessed, with stairs down to a lower deck for smaller craft to berth. The Sheds (Nos 2, 3, 4 and 5) The sheds are single storeyed timber-framed structures with corrugated steel gable roofs with deep eave overhangs on the northern and northeastern sides. The No. 4 shed has a double gable roof, and is the longest of the group. The sheds have corrugated steel cladding to walls, with large sliding timber doors to

6450-480: The wharves at the Town Reach. Hamilton became the heart of Brisbane's port, and the part of the river from the South Brisbane Reach, round the Town Reach to Petrie Bight lost the ascendancy it had around the turn of the century. Since the 1960s, most of Brisbane's port activity has relocated to the mouth of the river. In the 1880s, William Howard Smith & Sons Ltd (later Howard Smith Co. Ltd) leased

6536-719: Was carried over from marine usage. The person who was resident in charge of the wharf was referred to as a "wharfinger". The word wharf comes from the Old English hwearf , cognate to the Old Dutch word werf , which both evolved to mean "yard", an outdoor place where work is done, like a shipyard ( Dutch : scheepswerf ) or a lumberyard (Dutch: houtwerf ). Originally, werf or werva in Old Dutch ( werf , wer in Old Frisian ) simply referred to inhabited ground that

6622-771: Was dedicated on 14 February 1925 by Canon de Witt Batty . It closed circa 1981. It was located on the south-east corner of Hopper Street and McBride Road ( 27°25′22″S 153°07′08″E  /  27.4227°S 153.1189°E  / -27.4227; 153.1189  ( St Matthias' Anglican Church (former) ) ). Myrtletown Methodist Church opened circa 1930. In 1969, it was on the western side of Myrtletown Road (now Main Myrtletown Road) between Rowlingson Street (no longer extant) and Priors Road (approx 27°24′20″S 153°07′32″E  /  27.4055°S 153.1255°E  / -27.4055; 153.1255  ( Myrtletown Methodist Church (former) ) ). The church

6708-616: Was delayed because of shut-down of the cruise industry due to the COVID-19 pandemic . The new cruise terminal is located at Luggage Point next to the Luggage Point sewage treatment plant (which has been renamed the Luggage Point Resource Recovery Centre). The new terminal will be able to accommodate the largest cruise vessels in the world. It will be operated by the port but will not be part of

6794-510: Was downgraded to a neighbourhood within Pinkenba. Myrtletown was historically known as a residential and farming locality, though maritime and industrial facilities have developed in recent decades. As of March 2020 , two cruise ship wharves for Brisbane are located there, with differing facilities. Portside Wharf at Hamilton was completed in 2006 and is an international-standard facility for cruise liners, offering restaurants, coffee shops, gift shops, and other facilities. However, due to

6880-403: Was established, with the remains of the facility listed on the current Queensland Heritage Register.   On 6 March 1963, Queen Elizabeth II unveiled a roadside memorial at 315 Tingara Street (corner of Kirra Street, 27°25′01″S 153°08′09″E  /  27.41690°S 153.13579°E  / -27.41690; 153.13579  ( Discovery of Oil Memorial ) ). It commemorates

6966-403: Was laid on the rock at the river's edge, with timber piles rammed into the riverbed. Large hardwood timbers were used for the walings and decking, which extended about 24 feet (7.3 m) out over the river. Hundreds of thousands of feet of timber (mostly hardwoods such as ironbark, blue gum, yellow stringybark, spotted gum and messmate) were required to build the berths. The road widening behind

7052-461: Was not yet built on (similar to " yard " in modern English), or alternatively to a terp . This could explain the name Ministry Wharf located at Saunderton, just outside High Wycombe, which is nowhere near any body of water. In support of this explanation is the fact that many places in England with "wharf" in their names are in areas with a high Dutch influence, for example the Norfolk broads. In

7138-749: Was officially opened at Luggage Point on 23 November 1923. It was Australia's first full-scale sewerage treatment plant, a key component of Brisbane's sewerage scheme which commended in March 1914. It was serviced by an electric tramway. Myrtletown State School opened on 1924 and closed on 19 February 1971. It occupied the northern part of the block bounded by Main Beach Road, School Road (now Lewandowski Drive) and Sandmere Street ( 27°23′21″S 153°08′28″E  /  27.3893°S 153.1412°E  / -27.3893; 153.1412  ( Myrtetown State School (former) ) ). St Matthias' Anglican Church

7224-463: Was on the north-eastern corner of McBride Street and Esker Street ( 27°25′17″S 153°07′09″E  /  27.4213°S 153.1193°E  / -27.4213; 153.1193  ( Pinkenba Presbyterian Church ) ). It was demolished circa 1980. Pinkenba Rail Post Office opened at the Pinkenba railway station in mid 1915 and closed in April 1954. Brisbane's first sewerage treatment plant

7310-480: Was one of the largest single wharf leases in central Brisbane, and the extent of the site remains intact to illustrate this. The series of sheds, and former air-raid shelters, are expressive of their utilitarian function, and the office building is a well-mannered structure which is suggestive of its former use as the Howard Smith Company offices in the hierarchy of structures on the site. The place

7396-428: Was opened in 1892, becoming Pinkenba Post Office in 1897. In 1969, it was on the north-eastern corner of Hopper Street and McBride Street ( 27°25′21″S 153°07′08″E  /  27.4224°S 153.1190°E  / -27.4224; 153.1190  ( Pinkenba Post Office (1969) ) ). On Saturday 15 December 1900, auctioneers Isles, Love & Co offered 42 suburban allotments and seven farm sites for sale in

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