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102-772: ASIMO ( Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility ) is a humanoid robot created by Honda in 2000. It is displayed in the Miraikan museum in Tokyo, Japan . On 8 July 2018, Honda posted the last update of ASIMO on their official page stating that it would be ceasing all development and production of ASIMO robots in order to focus on more practical applications using the technology developed through ASIMO's lifespan. It made its last active appearance in March 2022, over 20 years after its first, as Honda announced that they are retiring

204-426: A handshake is offered or when a person waves or points, and then respond accordingly. ASIMO's ability to distinguish between voices and other sounds allows it to identify its companions. ASIMO is able to respond to its name and recognizes sounds associated with a falling object or collision. This allows the robot to face a person when spoken to or look towards a sound. ASIMO responds to questions by nodding or providing

306-437: A nickel–metal hydride battery in 2004 increased the amount of time ASIMO can operate before recharging. ASIMO has a three-dimensional computer processor that was created by Honda and consists of a three stacked die , a processor , a signal converter and memory . The computer that controls ASIMO's movement is housed in the robot's waist area and can be controlled by a PC, wireless controller, or voice commands . ASIMO has

408-521: A software development kit (SDK) would be made available to third-party developers in February 2008. The iPhone SDK was officially announced and released on March 6, 2008. The App Store was launched with the release of iPhone OS 2.0, on July 11, 2008. Apple requires all third-party apps to be downloaded from the App Store, with exceptions for ad-hoc apps used within enterprises. Developers must pay

510-514: A stainless steel frame and a rear glass panel. At release, the iPhone 4 was marketed as the "world's thinnest smartphone"; it uses the Apple A4 processor, being the first iPhone to use an Apple custom-designed chip. It introduced the Retina display , having four-times the display resolution of preceding iPhones, and was the highest-resolution smartphone screen at release; a front-facing camera

612-480: A 15% fee. Though iOS has far lower market share than Android, its app ecosystem has been described as superior, with higher-quality apps, and more iOS-exclusive releases. Android's version fragmentation , less uniform hardware, and lower app revenues have been cited as key factors. All apps must pass Apple's app review process before being distributed in the App Store. Apple may also stop distributing apps it deems inappropriate. For example, in 2009, Apple rejected

714-467: A 3.5-inch multi-touch display with few hardware buttons, and ran the iPhone OS operating system with a touch-friendly interface, then marketed as a version of Mac OS X . It was the first mobile phone to use multi-touch technology. The device launched on June 29, 2007, at a starting price of US$ 499 in the United States, and required a two-year contract with AT&T . The price was reduced by

816-567: A Taiwan-based manufacturer with a plant near Bangalore , to assemble iPhones to sell in the region. In 2022, Apple announced that a portion of the iPhone 14 would be manufactured in Tamil Nadu , India , as a response to China's " zero-COVID " policy that has negatively affected global supply chains for many industries. Apple has stated that they plan to shift 25% of iPhone production to India by 2025. Apple directly sub-contracts hardware production to external OEM companies, maintaining

918-478: A high degree of control over the end product. The iPhone contains most of the hardware parts of a typical modern smartphone. Some hardware elements, such as 3D Touch and the Taptic Engine , are unique to the iPhone. The main hardware of the iPhone is the touchscreen , with current models offering screens of 4.7 inches and larger. All iPhones include a rear-facing camera; the front-facing camera dates back to

1020-415: A higher resolution 12 megapixel main camera capable of 4K video recording. The first-generation iPhone SE was introduced on March 21, 2016, and was a low-cost device that incorporated newer hardware from the iPhone 6s, in the frame of the older iPhone 5s. The iPhone 7 and 7 Plus were announced on September 7, 2016, which introduced larger camera sensors, IP67 -certified water and dust resistance, and

1122-914: A human being can, so long as they have the proper software . However, the complexity of doing so is immense. Humanoid robots have had a long history in the realm of entertainment, from the conception and ideas in the story of Prometheus to the application and physical build of modern animatronics used for theme parks . Current uses and development of humanoid robots in theme parks are focused on creating stuntronics. Stuntronics are humanoid robots built for serving as stunt doubles, and are designed to simulate life-like, untethered, dynamic movement. Several Disney theme park shows utilize animatronic robots that look, move and speak much like human beings. Although these robots look realistic, they have no cognition or physical autonomy. Various humanoid robots and their possible applications in daily life are featured in an independent documentary film called Plug & Pray , which

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1224-403: A humanoid robot using electric actuators is HRP-2 . Hydraulic actuators produce higher power than electric actuators and pneumatic actuators, and they have the ability to control the torque they produce better than other types of actuators. However, they can become very bulky in size. One solution to counter the size issue is electro-hydrostatic actuators (EHA). The most popular example of

1326-518: A humanoid robot using hydraulic actuators is the ATLAS robot made by Boston Dynamics . Pneumatic actuators operate on the basis of gas compressibility . As they are inflated, they expand along the axis, and as they deflate, they contract. If one end is fixed, the other will move in a linear trajectory . A popular example of a pneumatic actuator is the Mac Kibben muscle . Planning in robots

1428-405: A livestream event on September 14, 2021. All models featured larger camera sensors, larger batteries for longer battery life, and a narrower "notch" screen cutout. The iPhone 13 Pro and 13 Pro Max additionally introduced smoother adaptive 120 Hz refresh rate "ProMotion" technology in its OLED display, and three-times optical zoom in the telephoto lens. The low-cost third-generation iPhone SE

1530-430: A lower starting price of US$ 199 (with a two-year AT&T contract). It proved commercially popular, overtaking Motorola RAZR V3 as the best selling cell phone in the U.S. by the end of 2008. Its successor, the iPhone 3GS , was announced on June 8, 2009, at WWDC 2009, and introduced video recording functionality. The iPhone 4 was announced on June 7, 2010, at WWDC 2010, and introduced a redesigned body incorporating

1632-448: A lucrative market before the iPhone 3G's worldwide release. Today, many carriers either remove the SIM lock automatically after a certain period, or do it upon request, either for free or for a small fee. iPhones bought from Apple are not SIM locked. Many carriers also sell the iPhone unlocked when purchased outright rather than on a long-term contract. Since 2013, iPhone buyers can obtain

1734-577: A major concept, the Zero Moment Point (ZMP). Another characteristic of humanoid robots is that they move, gather information (using sensors) on the "real world", and interact with it. They do not stay still like factory manipulators and other robots that work in highly structured environments. To allow humanoids to move in complex environments, planning and control must focus on self-collision detection, path planning and obstacle avoidance . Humanoid robots do not yet have some features of

1836-480: A monthly carrier contract are SIM locked , restricting their use to one particular carrier. While the iPhone was initially sold in the U.S. only on the AT&;T network with a SIM lock in place, various hackers found methods to bypass that SIM lock. More than a quarter of first-generation iPhones sold in the U.S. were not registered with AT&T. Apple speculated that they were likely shipped overseas and unlocked,

1938-472: A person. In the films, androids called " replicants " are created indistinguishably from human beings, yet they are shunned and do not possess the same rights as humans. This theme incites audience sympathy while also sparking unease at the idea of humanoid robots mimicking humans too closely. Humanoid robots, which are designed to resemble and mimic human form and behavior, have faced several criticisms: IPhone List of iPhone models The iPhone

2040-619: A quad-core A10 Fusion processor utilizing big.LITTLE technology; the 3.5 mm headphone jack was removed, and was followed by the introduction of the AirPods wireless earbuds. Optical image stabilization was added to the 7's camera. A second telephoto camera lens was added on the 7 Plus, enabling two-times optical zoom, and "Portrait" photography mode which simulates bokeh in photos. The iPhone 8 , 8 Plus, and iPhone X were announced on September 12, 2017, in Apple's first event held at

2142-469: A research platform and make public appearances. ASIMO stands 130 cm (4 ft 3 in) tall and weighs 54 kg (119 lb). Research conducted by Honda found that the ideal height for a mobility assistant robot was between 120 cm and the height of an average adult, which is conducive to operating door knobs and light switches. ASIMO is powered by a rechargeable 51.8 V lithium-ion battery with an operating time of one hour. Switching from

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2244-460: A result, recent iPhones cannot currently be jailbroken. The iPhone contains a range of accessibility features to support users' visual, auditory, and motor needs. iPhones can notify users through onscreen banners, audio alerts, vibrations, or the LED flash; vibration patterns can be customized by users. Since iOS 15 , Siri can read notifications out loud through earphones, and, since iOS 16 , through

2346-518: A slimmer flat-edged design was also introduced, which combined with stronger glass-ceramic front glass, added better drop protection compared to previous iPhones. The iPhone 12 Mini introduced a smaller 5.4-inch screen, while the 12 Pro and 12 Pro Max had larger screens of 6.1-inch and 6.7-inch respectively. The iPhone 12 Pro and 12 Pro Max additionally added a Lidar sensor for better accuracy in augumented reality (AR) applications. The iPhone 13 , 13 Mini, 13 Pro , and 13 Pro Max were announced via

2448-470: A stronger frame made of stainless steel. It also introduced Face ID facial recognition authentication hardware, in a "notch" screen cutout, in place of Touch ID; the home button was removed to achieve the “bezel-less” design, replacing it with a gesture-based navigation system. At its US$ 999 starting price, the iPhone X was the most expensive iPhone at launch. The iPhone XR , iPhone XS , and XS Max were announced on September 12, 2018. All models featured

2550-748: A suit of armor, capable of sitting, standing, and independently moving its arms. The entire robot was operated by a system of pulleys and cables. From the 17th to 19th centuries, the Japanese built humanoid automata called karakuri puppets . These puppets resembled dolls and were used for entertainment in theatre, homes, and religious festivals. Karakuri puppets that were used for theater plays were called butai karakuri . Small karakuri puppets found in homes, called zashiki kurakuri , were placed on tables to dance, beat drums, or serve drinks. The puppets used in religious festivals were known as Dashi karakuri , and they served to reenact myths and legends. In

2652-493: A third after two months. The resulting complaints forced Jobs to issue an apology and offer a partial rebate early purchasers of the Phone. On July 11, 2008, at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) 2008, Apple announced the iPhone 3G , and expanded its launch-day availability to twenty-two countries, and it was eventually released in 70 countries and territories. The iPhone 3G introduced faster 3G connectivity, and

2754-601: A tray and pushing a cart. In 2008, ASIMO conducted the Detroit Symphony Orchestra in a performance of " The Impossible Dream " to bring attention to its partnership with the Orchestra and support the performing arts in Detroit. A 49-foot replica of ASIMO made with natural materials, such as lettuce seed, rice and carnations led the 120th Rose Parade in celebration of Honda's 50th year of operation in

2856-446: A variety of terrain and environments. The question of walking biped robots stabilization on the surface is of great importance. Maintenance of the robot's gravity center over the center of bearing area for providing a stable position can be chosen as a goal of control. To maintain dynamic balance during the walk , a robot needs information about contact force and its current and desired motion. The solution to this problem relies on

2958-492: A verbal answer in different languages and can recognize approximately 10 different faces and address them by name. There are sensors that assist in autonomous navigation . The two cameras inside the head are used as a visual sensor to detect obstacles. The lower portion of the torso has ground sensor which comprises one laser sensor and one infrared sensor . The laser sensor is used to detect ground surface. The infrared sensor with automatic shutter adjustment based on brightness

3060-515: A vertical camera layout with refined "Fusion" and Ultra-Wide cameras. The 16 Pro and Pro Max have larger 6.3-inch and 6.9-inch displays, a 48-megapixel Ultra-Wide camera, and the largest batteries in an iPhone up to that point. All models now include access to new Apple Intellegence AI features, a refined thermal system, support for Wi-Fi 7 , and a new button dubbed the "Camera Control", allowing easier access to camera features. 46 iPhone models have been produced. The models in bold are devices of

3162-572: A visit to the Miraikan Museum in Tokyo, where it performed a seven-minute step and dance routine. In a demonstration at Honda's Tokyo headquarters in 2007, the company demonstrated new intelligence technologies that enabled multiple ASIMO robots to work together. The demonstration showed the robot's ability to identify and avoid oncoming people, work with another ASIMO, recognize when to recharge its battery and perform new tasks, such as carrying

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3264-507: A yearly $ 99 fee as part of Apple's Developer Program; if their membership expires, their apps are removed from the App Store, though existing users retain the ability to redownload the app. Developers can release free apps, or paid apps for which Apple takes a 30% cut of proceeds. Developers earning less than $ 1 million in annual sales qualify for the App Store Small Business Program, with Apple only taking

3366-408: Is a line of smartphones developed and marketed by Apple that run iOS , the company's own mobile operating system . The first-generation iPhone was announced by then–Apple CEO Steve Jobs on January 9, 2007, at Macworld 2007 , and launched later that year. Since then, Apple has annually released new iPhone models and iOS versions ; the most recent models being the iPhone 16 and 16 Plus, and

3468-400: Is ideal for these actuators to have high power, low mass, and small dimensions. Electric actuators are the most popular types of actuators in humanoid robots. These actuators are smaller in size, and a single electric actuator may not produce enough power for a human-sized joint. Therefore, it is common to use multiple electric actuators for a single joint in a humanoid robot. An example of

3570-652: Is located at the bottom of the backpack. Honda's work with ASIMO led to further research on walking assist devices that resulted in innovations such as the Stride Management Assist and the Bodyweight Support Assist. In honor of ASIMO's 10th anniversary in November 2010, Honda developed an application for the iPhone and Android smartphones called "Run with ASIMO." Users learn about the development of ASIMO by virtually walking

3672-467: Is not supported by Apple. As of October 2013 , Apple has passed 60 billion app downloads. As of September 2016 , there have been over 140 billion app downloads from the App Store. In January 2017, the App Store had over 2.2   million apps for the iPhone. As of August 2024, Apple's App Store contains nearly 2 million applications. Apple restricts the installation of unapproved third-party apps and does not allow full access to

3774-429: Is one of the two major smartphone platforms in the world, alongside Android . The first-generation iPhone was described by Steve Jobs as a "revolution" for the mobile phone industry. The iPhone has been credited with popularizing the slate smartphone form factor, and with creating a large market for smartphone apps, or " app economy ", laying the foundation for the boom of the market for mobile devices . In addition to

3876-444: Is the process of planning out motions and trajectories for the robot to carry out. Control is the actual execution of these planned motions and trajectories. In humanoid robots, the planning must carry out biped motions, meaning that robots should plan motions similar to a human. Since one of the main uses of humanoid robots is to interact with humans, it is important for the planning and control mechanisms of humanoid robots to work in

3978-422: Is used to detect pairs of floor markings to confirm the navigable paths of the planned map. The pre-loaded map and the detection of floor markings help the robot to precisely identify its present location and continuously adjust its position. There are front and rear ultrasonic sensors to sense the obstacles. The front sensor is located at the lower portion of the torso together with the ground sensor. The rear sensor

4080-470: The 30-pin dock connector of previous iPhones was replaced with the new, reversible Lightning connector. The iPhone 5s and iPhone 5c were announced on September 10, 2013. The iPhone 5s included a 64-bit A7 processor, becoming the first ever 64-bit smartphone; it also introduced the Touch ID fingerprint authentication sensor. The iPhone 5c was a lower-cost device that incorporated hardware from

4182-560: The App Store . Apple provides free updates to iOS over-the-air, or through Finder and iTunes on a computer. Major iOS releases have historically accompanied new iPhone models. The most recent version is iOS 18 . At WWDC 2007 on June 11, 2007, Apple announced that the iPhone would support third-party Ajax web applications that share the look and feel of the iPhone interface. On October 17, 2007, Steve Jobs, in an open letter posted to Apple's "Hot News" weblog , announced that

ASIMO - Misplaced Pages Continue

4284-470: The DMCA to fight jailbreaking; however in 2010, the U.S. found jailbreaking to be legal. Jailbroken iPhones are at higher risk of malware due to Apple's lesser control of the app ecosystem. In the United States, Apple cannot void an iPhone's warranty solely due to jailbreaking. Jailbreaks rely on exploits . Apple has improved the iPhone's hardware and software security, making these exploits harder to find; as

4386-497: The Middle East , Italy , Japan , and France . The Greek god of blacksmiths, Hephaestus , created several different humanoid automata in various myths. In Homer's Iliad, Hephaestus created golden handmaidens and imbued them with human-like voices to serve as speaking tools or instruments. Another Greek myth details how Hephaestus crafted a giant bronze automaton named Talos to protect the island of Crete from invaders. In

4488-566: The Newspapers app due to The Sun 's "obscene" topless Page 3 girls. In 2018, Apple removed Tumblr from the App Store, citing illegal content, causing Tumblr to ban all adult content from their platform. The App Store's review process has been criticized by developers as "frustrating", " anti-competitive ", and "asinine". Users can also install native apps outside of the App Store through jailbreaking , or through exploits , such as TrollStore. Jailbreaking may cause security issues, and

4590-733: The Ontario Science Center in Toronto in May 2011 and demonstrated its abilities to Canadian students. The robot later traveled to Ottawa for the unveiling of an exhibit at the Canadian Museum of Civilization 19 May through 22 May 2011. ASIMO appeared as a guest on the British quiz show QI on 2 December 2011. After serving water to host Stephen Fry and dancing with comedian Jo Brand , ASIMO won with 32 points. ASIMO

4692-552: The Steve Jobs Theater in Apple Park . All models featured rear glass panel designs akin to the iPhone 4, wireless charging , and a hexa-core A11 Bionic chip with "Neural Engine" AI accelerator hardware. The iPhone X additionally introduced a 5.8-inch OLED "Super Retina" display with a " bezel -less" design, with a higher pixel density and contrast ratio than previous iPhones with LCD displays, and introduced

4794-421: The apps that come pre-installed on iOS , there are nearly 2 million apps available for download from Apple's mobile distribution marketplace , the App Store , as of August 2024 . Development of an Apple smartphone began in 2004, when the company started to gather a team of 1,000 employees led by hardware engineer Tony Fadell , software engineer Scott Forstall , and design officer Jony Ive , to work on

4896-409: The iPhone 4 . The iPhone 7 Plus introduced multiple lenses to the rear-facing camera. A range of sensors are also included on the device, such as a proximity sensor , ambient light sensor , accelerometer , gyroscopic sensor , magnetometer , facial recognition sensor or fingerprint sensor (depending on the model) and barometer . In 2022, Apple added satellite communications to the iPhone, with

4998-467: The iPhone 8 and 8 Plus, iPhones had a single button on the front panel, with the iPhone 5s and later integrating a Touch ID fingerprint sensor. Since the iPhone X , iPhone models have switched to a nearly bezel -less front screen design with Face ID facial recognition in place of Touch ID for authentication, and increased use of gestures in place of the home button for navigation. The iPhone, which operates using Apple's proprietary iOS software,

5100-426: The "Smart HDR" computational photography system, and a significantly more powerful "Neural Engine". The XS Max introduced a larger 6.5-inch screen. The iPhone XR included a 6.1-inch LCD "Liquid Retina" display, with a "bezel-less" design similar to the iPhone X, but does not include a second telephoto lens; it was made available in a series of vibrant colors, akin to the iPhone 5c, and was a lower-cost device compared to

5202-585: The "i" word in "iMac" (and thereafter "iPod", "iPhone" and "iPad") stands for internet, individual, instruct, inform, and inspire. Apple rejected the " design by committee " approach that had yielded the Motorola ROKR E1 , a largely unsuccessful "iTunes phone" made in collaboration with Motorola . Among other deficiencies, the ROKR E1's firmware limited storage to only 100 iTunes songs to avoid competing with Apple's iPod nano . Cingular gave Apple

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5304-419: The 13th century, a Muslim engineer named Ismail al-Jazari designed various humanoid automata. He created a waitress robot that would dispense drinks from a liquid reservoir and appear out of an automatic door to serve them. Another automaton he created was used for hand washing to refill a basin with water after being drained. In the 1400s, Leonardo da Vinci conceptualized a complex mechanical robot clad in

5406-449: The 18th century, French inventor Jacques de Vaucanson created a significant humanoid automaton called The Flute Player . This wooden, human-sized robot was capable of playing various melodies with the flute. It consisted of a system of bellows, pipes, weights, and other mechanical components to simulate to the muscles necessary to play the flute. Humanoid robots are now used as research tools in several scientific areas. Researchers study

5508-571: The 3rd century BCE, a Taoist philosophical text called the Liezi , written by Chinese philosopher Lie Yukou , detailed the idea of a humanoid automaton. The text includes mention of an engineer named Yan Shi who created a life-size, human-like robot for the fifth king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty, King Mu . The robot was primarily constructed of leather and wood. It was capable of walking, singing, and moving all parts of its body. In

5610-498: The Dynamic Island, which debuted with the iPhone 14 Pro (effectively retiring the "notch" display cutout), a 48-megapixel main camera, slightly curved edges, and a color-infused frosted glass back. The 15 Pro and Pro Max also replace the mute switch with the "Action" button, and stainless-steel material to titanium. The iPhone 16, 16 Plus, 16 Pro, and 16 Pro Max were announced on September 9, 2024. The former two introduced

5712-574: The T-800 in Terminator and Megatron in Transformers . An Indian Tamil-language film which showed the pros and cons of a humanoid robot Chitti . Another prominent theme found in science fiction regarding humanoid robots focuses on personhood. Certain films, particularly Blade Runner and Blade Runner 2049 , explore whether or not a constructed, synthetic being should be considered

5814-542: The U.S. and Canada, demonstrating its abilities for more than 130,000 people. From 2003 to 2004, ASIMO was part of the North American educational tour, where it visited top science and technology museums and academic institutions throughout North America. The goal of the tour was to encourage students to study science through a live show that highlighted ASIMO's abilities. Additionally, the robot visited top engineering and computer science colleges and universities across

5916-646: The US as part of the ASIMO Technology Circuit Tour in an effort to encourage students to consider scientific careers. In 2004, ASIMO was inducted into the Carnegie Mellon Robot Hall of Fame . In March 2005, the robot walked the red carpet at the world premiere of the animated film, Robots . In June 2005, ASIMO became a feature in a show called "Say 'Hello' to Honda's ASIMO" at Disneyland 's Innoventions attraction, which

6018-840: The US. Later that year, the robot made an appearance in Italy at the Genoa Science Festival. In January 2010, Honda debuted its "Living With Robots" documentary at the Sundance Film Festival in Park City , Utah. The film focuses on the experience of human interaction with robots like ASIMO. ASIMO attended the Ars Electronica festival in Linz , Austria in September 2010, which allowed Honda to study

6120-479: The ability to recognize moving objects , postures, gestures , its surrounding environment, sounds and faces , which enables it to interact with humans. The robot can detect the movements of multiple objects by using visual information captured by two camera "eyes" in its head and also determine distance and direction. This feature allows ASIMO to follow or face a person when approached. The robot interprets voice commands and human gestures, enabling it to recognize when

6222-620: The acceleration, from which velocity can be calculated by integration; tilt sensors to measure inclination; force sensors placed in robot's hands and feet to measure contact force with environment; position sensors that indicate the actual position of the robot (from which the velocity can be calculated by derivation); and even speed sensors. Arrays of tactels can be used to provide data on what has been touched. The Shadow Hand uses an array of 34 tactels arranged beneath its polyurethane skin on each finger tip. Tactile sensors also provide information about forces and torques transferred between

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6324-467: The blue bubbles used for texts from other iPhone users. Group chats between iOS and Android are poorly supported; reactions display as text, rather than bubbles, and images are sent through MMS , which degrades image quality. Some teens have described being "ostracized" after switching to Android, which Google has labeled "bullying". This has been described by critics as a key factor leading 87% of U.S. teenagers to use iPhones. Many iPhones bought through

6426-498: The company's goal to create a walking robot. E0 was the first bipedal (two-legged) model produced as part of the Honda E series , which was an early experimental line of self-regulating, humanoid walking robot with wireless movements created between 1986 and 1993. This was followed by the Honda P series of robots produced from 1993 through 1997. The research made on the E- and P-series led to

6528-569: The creation of ASIMO. Development began at Honda's Wako Fundamental Technical Research Center in Japan in 1999 and ASIMO was unveiled in October 2000. ASIMO is an acronym which stands for Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility. The Japanese word Asi also stands for 'leg' and Mo for 'mobility'. ASIMO is pronounced as ' ashimo ' and means 'also legs'. In 2018, Honda ceased the commercial development of ASIMO, although it will continue to be developed as

6630-637: The device's speakers. Users with motor needs can use Assistive Touch to customize the way they navigate through menus; it can assist users who have difficulties with some gestures, like pinching, and makes these gestures available by tapping on a menu. The user can create their own gestures and customize the layout of the AssistiveTouch menu. If the user has trouble pressing the Home button, it can be set so that it can be activated with an onscreen tap. Gestures, like rotate and shake, are available even when if

6732-427: The ears of the human being. Microphones are usually used for the robots to convey speech. Actuators are the motors responsible for motion in the robot. Humanoid robots are constructed in such a way that they mimic the human body. They use actuators that perform like muscles and joints , though with a different structure. The actuators of humanoid robots can be either electric, pneumatic , or hydraulic . It

6834-425: The enhancement of ordinary humans. See transhumanism . Humanoid robots are a valuable resource in the world of medicine and biotechnology, as well as other fields of research such as biomechanics and cognitive science. Humanoid robots are being used to develop complex prosthetics for individuals with physical disabilities such as missing limbs. The WABIAN-2 is a new medical humanoid robot created to help patients in

6936-434: The higher-end iPhone 16 Pro and 16 Pro Max. As of January 1, 2024, more than 2.3 billion iPhones have been sold, making Apple the largest vendor of mobile phones in 2023 . The original iPhone was the first mobile phone to use multi-touch technology. Throughout its history , the iPhone has gained larger, higher-resolution displays, video-recording functionality, waterproofing , and many accessibility features. Up to

7038-414: The highly confidential "Project Purple". Then Apple CEO Steve Jobs steered the original focus away from a tablet (which was later revisited in the form of the iPad ) towards a phone. Apple created the device during a secretive collaboration with Cingular Wireless (later renamed AT&T Mobility ) at an estimated development cost of US$ 150 million over thirty months. According to Jobs in 1998,

7140-501: The human body structure and behavior (biomechanics) to build humanoid robots. On the other side, the attempt to simulate the human body leads to a better understanding of it. Human cognition is a field of study which is focused on how humans learn from sensory information in order to acquire perceptual and motor skills. This knowledge is used to develop computational models of human behavior, and it has been improving over time. It has been suggested that very advanced robotics will facilitate

7242-438: The human body. They include structures with variable flexibility, which provide safety (to the robot itself and to the people), and redundancy of movements, i.e. more degrees of freedom and therefore wide task availability. Although these characteristics are desirable to humanoid robots, they will bring more complexity and new problems to planning and control. The field of whole-body control deals with these issues and addresses

7344-437: The iOS device is mounted on a wheelchair . Head Tracking can be used to control an iPhone using facial movements recognized by the front camera. Low-vision users can enable VoiceOver, a screen reader which describes what is on the screen, while Siri allows for hands-free interaction. The iPhone also supports wireless braille displays to help users read its interface. Text can be enlarged system-wide. The Magnifier app uses

7446-761: The iPhone 12 Pro Max, into a lower-cost device. The iPhone 14 Pro and 14 Pro Max additionally introduced a higher-resolution 48-megapixel main camera, the first increase in megapixel count since the iPhone 6s; it also introduced always-on display technology to the lock screen , and an interactive status bar interface integrated in a redesigned screen cutout, entitled "Dynamic Island". The iPhone 15 , 15 Plus, 15 Pro , and 15 Pro Max were announced on September 12, 2023. Starting with this group of devices, all models switch to using USB-C as their power connector to comply with European Commission regulations, replacing Apple's proprietary Lightning connector after eleven years of use in previous models. The 15 and 15 plus now feature

7548-413: The iPhone 5, into a series of colorful plastic frames. On September 9, 2014, Apple introduced the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus, and included significantly larger screens than the iPhone 5s, at 4.7-inch and 5.5-inch respectively; both models also introduced mobile payment technology via Apple Pay . Optical image stabilization was introduced to the 6 Plus' camera. The Apple Watch was also introduced on

7650-430: The iPhone X and XS. The iPhone 11 , 11 Pro , and 11 Pro Max were announced on September 10, 2019. The iPhone 11 was the successor to the iPhone XR, while the iPhone 11 Pro and 11 Pro Max succeeded the iPhone XS and XS Max. All models gained an Ultra-Wide lens, enabling two-times optical zoom out, as well as larger batteries for longer battery life. The second-generation iPhone SE was introduced on April 17, 2020, and

7752-541: The iPhone's Lidar scanner to identify objects, for example doors, people, and objects, and can describe them to the user, as well as their distance. Door Detection can alert the user through sound, speech, and haptics. Hearing aids that are part of the Made for iPhone program can be controlled from an iPhone. These hearing aids also feature Live Listen, which enables the iPhone to act as a directional microphone, beaming its audio to compatible hearing aids. Live Listen can help

7854-544: The iPhone's filesystem. According to Jonathan Zittrain , the emergence of closed devices like the iPhone has made computing more proprietary than it was in the PC era. Jailbreaking allows users to install apps not available on the App Store, customize their device in ways not allowed by Apple, and bypass SIM locks without carrier approval. Some jailbreak tweaks were later copied by Apple and implemented into iOS, like multitasking, widgets, and copy and paste. Apple attempted to use

7956-455: The latest generation: Up to the iPhone 4 , all iPhones and other devices, such as iPod Touch models and iPads , were manufactured by Foxconn , based in Taiwan . In 2011, new CEO Tim Cook changed Apple's manufacturing strategy to diversify its supply base. The iPhone 4s in 2012 was the first model to be manufactured simultaneously by two stand-alone companies: Foxconn and Pegatron ,

8058-461: The latter also based in Taiwan. Although Foxconn still produces more iPhones, Pegatron's orders have been slowly increased: the company made part of the iPhone 5c line in 2013, and 30% of iPhone 6 devices in 2014. The 6 Plus model was produced solely by Foxconn. In 2019, Apple investigated reports that some Foxconn managers had used rejected parts to build iPhones. In India , Apple pays Wistron ,

8160-606: The liberty to develop the iPhone's hardware and software in-house, a rare practice at the time, and paid Apple a fraction of its monthly service revenue (until the iPhone 3G), in exchange for four years of exclusive U.S. sales, until 2011. Jobs unveiled the first-generation iPhone to the public on January 9, 2007, at the Macworld 2007 convention at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. The iPhone incorporated

8262-464: The need to turn back around again and return to Earth once the mission is completed. A sensor is a device that measures some attribute of the world. Being one of the three primitives of robotics (besides planning and control), sensing plays an important role in robotic paradigms . Sensors can be classified according to the physical process with which they work or according to the type of measurement information that they give as output. In this case,

8364-437: The practice and development of personalized healthcare aids, essentially performing as robotic nurses for demographics such as the elderly. Humanoids are also suitable for some procedurally-based vocations, such as reception-desk administrators and automotive manufacturing line workers. In essence, since they can use tools and operate equipment and vehicles designed for the human form, humanoids could theoretically perform any task

8466-756: The proper coordination of numerous degrees of freedom, e.g. to realize several control tasks simultaneously while following a given order of priority. A common theme for the depiction of humanoid robots in science fiction pertains to how they can help humans in society or serve as threats to humanity. This theme essentially questions whether artificial intelligence is a force of good or bad for mankind. Humanoid robots that are depicted as good for society and benefit humans are Commander Data in Star Trek and C-3PO in Star Wars . Opposite portrayals where humanoid robots are shown as scary and threatening to humans are

8568-421: The rehabilitation of their lower limbs. Although the initial aim of humanoid research was to build better orthosis and prosthesis for human beings, knowledge has been transferred between both disciplines. A few examples are powered leg prosthesis for the neuromuscularly impaired, ankle-foot orthosis, biological realistic leg prosthesis, and forearm prosthesis. Humanoid robots can be used as test subjects for

8670-410: The release of the iPhone 14 and iPhone 14 Pro. The iPhone runs iOS. It is based on macOS's Darwin and many of its userland APIs , with Cocoa replaced by Cocoa Touch , and AppKit replaced by UIKit . The graphics stack runs on Metal , Apple's low-level graphics API. The iPhone comes with a set of bundled applications developed by Apple, and supports downloading third-party applications through

8772-518: The results of human and robot interaction and use the results to guide development of future versions of the robot. In April 2011, ASIMO was demonstrated at the FIRST Championship in St. Louis , Missouri , US to encourage students to pursue studies in math, science and engineering, and in November 2011 ASIMO was one of the star attractions at the first Abu Dhabi Science Festival. ASIMO visited

8874-557: The robot acting incorrectly and falling down stairs. These videos have been uploaded on YouTube, and some have become viral for their comedic nature. Humanoid robot The concept of a humanoid robot originated in many different cultures around the world. Some of the earliest accounts of the idea of humanoid automata date to the 4th century BCE in Greek mythologies and various religious and philosophical texts from China. Physical prototypes of humanoid automata were later created in

8976-438: The robot and other objects. Vision refers to processing data from any modality which uses the electromagnetic spectrum to produce an image. In humanoid robots it is used to recognize objects and determine their properties. Vision sensors work most similarly to the eyes of human beings. Most humanoid robots use CCD cameras as vision sensors. Sound sensors allow humanoid robots to hear speech and environmental sounds, akin to

9078-488: The robot through the steps of a race and then sharing their lap times on Twitter and Facebook. Since ASIMO was introduced in 2000, the robot has traveled around the world and performed in front of international audiences. ASIMO made its first public appearance in the U.S. in 2002 when it rang the bell to open trade sessions for the New York Stock Exchange . From January 2003 to March 2005, the robot toured

9180-454: The robot to concentrate on remote-controlled , avatar-style, robotic technology. There are four published models of the ASIMO. A few years after the release in 2002 there were 20 units of the first ASIMO model produced. As of February 2009, there were over 100 ASIMO units in existence. Honda began developing humanoid robots in the 1980s, including several prototypes that preceded ASIMO. It was

9282-406: The same day, and is a smartwatch that operates in conjunction with a connected iPhone. Some users experienced bending issues from normal use with the iPhone 6 and 6 Plus, particularly on the latter model, and this issue was nicknamed " bendgate ". The iPhone 6s and 6s Plus were introduced on September 9, 2015, and included a more bend-resistant frame made of a stronger aluminum alloy, as well as

9384-477: The second approach was used. Proprioceptive sensors sense the position, orientation, and speed of the humanoid's body and joints, along with other internal values. In human beings, the otoliths and semi-circular canals (in the inner ear) are used to maintain balance and orientation. Additionally, humans use their own proprioceptive sensors (e.g. touch, muscle extension, limb position) to help with their orientation. Humanoid robots use accelerometers to measure

9486-474: The user hear a conversation in a noisy room or hear someone speaking across the room. Apple built Live Listen support into all AirPods, which can also relay audio from a connected iPhone's microphone. Closed captioning and external TTY devices are supported, while Live Caption can transcribe audio across all apps and display it onscreen. Sound Recognition can recognize surrounding noises, including door bells, kettles, water running, and babies crying, and notify

9588-423: The user with an onscreen alert. Guided Access helps people with autism , ADHD , or sensory challenges stay focused on a single app. With Guided Access, a parent, teacher, or therapist can limit an iOS device to stay on one app by disabling the Home button and limit the amount of time spent in an app. The user can restrict access to the keyboard or touch input on certain areas of the screen. The original iPhone

9690-541: Was a low-cost device that incorporated newer hardware from the iPhone 11, in the frame of the older iPhone 8, while retaining the home button and the Touch ID sensor. The iPhone 12 , 12 Mini, 12 Pro , and 12 Pro Max were announced via a livestream event on October 13, 2020. All models featured OLED "Super Retina XDR" displays, introduced faster 5G connectivity, and the MagSafe magnetic charging and accessory system;

9792-958: Was a part of the Tomorrowland area of the park. This was the only permanent installation of ASIMO in North America until Innoventions was closed in April 2015. The robot first visited the United Kingdom in January 2003 for private demonstrations at the Science Museum in London. ASIMO continued on a world tour, making stops in countries such as Spain, the United Arab Emirates, Russia, South Africa and Australia. In October 2008, ASIMO greeted Prince Charles during

9894-473: Was also introduced, enabling video calling functionality via FaceTime . Users of the iPhone 4 reported dropped/disconnected telephone calls when holding their phones in a certain way, and this issue was nicknamed " antennagate ". In January 2011, as Apple's exclusivity agreement with AT&T was expiring, Verizon announced that they would be carrying the iPhone 4, with a model compatible with Verizon's CDMA network releasing on February 10. The iPhone 4s

9996-621: Was also the inspiration behind 2012's film Robot & Frank , where a robot assists an aging man to commit his last job as a 'cat burglar'. The robot in the film, portrayed by an actor in costume, has the appearance of an ASIMO robot. In April 2014, the robot was introduced to President Obama at the Miraikan science museum in Tokyo. On 24 March 2017, Honda revealed ASIMO in Disneyland 's Autopia attraction. On multiple occasions, audience members at public showcasings of ASIMO have filmed

10098-496: Was announced on October 4, 2011, and introduced the Siri virtual assistant , a dual-core A5 processor, and an 8 megapixel camera with 1080p video recording functionality. The iPhone 5 was announced on September 12, 2012, and introduced a larger 4-inch screen, up from the 3.5-inch screen of all previous iPhone models, as well as faster 4G LTE connectivity. It also introduced a thinner and lighter body made of aluminum alloy , and

10200-559: Was heavily promoted before its official announcement, creating buzz and anticipation. Upon its release, it was marketed heavily in television, web and print ads created in partnership with TBWA\Chiat\Day . Apple's premium market positioning has led the iPhone to be seen as a status symbol. The Apple ecosystem has been described as a key moat that increases iPhone brand loyalty . iMessage has especially been singled out with its "green bubbles" phenomena. In iMessage, SMS messages from Android users appear as green bubble, rather than

10302-465: Was introduced on March 8, 2022, and incorporated the A15 Bionic chip from the iPhone 13, but otherwise retained similar hardware to the second-generation iPhone SE. The iPhone 14 , 14 Plus, 14 Pro , and 14 Pro Max were announced on September 7, 2022. All models introduced satellite phone emergency calling functionality. A new 14 Plus model introduced the large 6.7-inch screen size, first seen on

10404-753: Was released in 2010. Though many real-world applications for humanoid robots are unexplored, their primary use is to demonstrate up-and-coming technologies. Modern examples of humanoid robots, such as the Honda Asimo, are revealed to the public in order to demonstrate new technological advancements in motor skills, such as walking, climbing, and playing an instrument. Other humanoid robots have been developed for household purposes, however excel only in single purpose skills and are far from autonomous. Humanoid robots, especially those with artificial intelligence algorithms , could be useful for future dangerous and/or distant space exploration missions , without having

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